586:'s Rule of Professional Conduct, rule 8.4(a), filed a disciplinary complaint with the D.C. Bar's Office of Disciplinary Conduct. Their complaint applies against Conway, a lawyer in public office, on the grounds that under rule 8.4(c): "It is professional misconduct for a lawyer to engage in conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or misrepresentation", because of Conway's pattern of misrepresentation as well as her misuse of words such as "massacre" at a time when she holds high public office. The letter of complaint makes a specific reference to the use of the phrase "alternative facts" as being involved in one of the cases of alleged misconduct, citing as a reference for its claim an opinion article by
338:
40:
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appearance before the White House reporters threaten, bully, lie, and then walk out of the briefing room without the cojones to answer a single question ... Facts and the truth are not partisan. They are the bedrock of our democracy. And you are either with them, with us, with our
Constitution, our history, and the future of our nation, or you are against it. Everyone must answer that question.
45:
44:
41:
46:
484:
dictionary website reported that lookups for the word "fact" spiked after Conway used the phrase "alternative facts". They also got involved by tweeting about it: "A fact is a piece of information presented as having objective reality." The tweet included a link to their article about Conway's use of
362:
Todd interrupted her by saying "Wait a minute. Alternative facts? ... Alternative facts are not facts. They're falsehoods." In her answer, Conway argued that crowd numbers in general could not be assessed with certainty and objected to what she described as Todd's trying to make her look ridiculous.
410:
Conway later defended her remarks in an interview published in March 2017: "Two plus two is four. Three plus one is four. Partly cloudy, partly sunny. Glass half full, glass half empty. Those are alternative facts." In a radio interview with Mark Simone that was described by Salon in
February 2018,
333:
Spicer also gave incorrect information about the use of white ground coverings during the inauguration. He stated that they were used for the first time during the Trump inauguration and were to blame for a visual effect that made the audience look smaller. The white ground coverings, however, had
436:
These are not normal times. These are extraordinary times. And extraordinary times call for extraordinary measures. When you have a spokesperson for the president of the United States wrap up a lie in the
Orwellian phrase "alternative facts". ... When you have a press secretary in his first
411:
she claimed that professional fact-checkers tend to be political liberals and are "selecting what think should be fact-checked ... Americans are their own fact checkers. People know, they have their own facts and figures, in terms of meaning which facts and figures are important to them."
184:
on inauguration day 2017, compared to 317,000 in 2013. He did not offer a source for his claim, or clarify the time periods being compared. Actual ridership figures between midnight and 11 AM were 193,000 in 2017 and 317,000 in 2013. Full-day ridership was 570,557 in 2017 and 782,000 in 2013.
49:
43:
48:
47:
50:
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ridership levels, stating that he had been relying on statistics "given to him". He stood by his widely disputed claim that the inauguration was the most-viewed, stating he also included online viewership in addition to in-person and television in his figures.
399:. In that book, "truthful hyperbole" was described as "an innocent form of exaggeration—and ... a very effective form of promotion". The book claimed that "people want to believe that something is the biggest and the greatest and the most spectacular". The
390:, for sending aid to insurgents in Iraq), and by falsely claiming that President Obama in 2011 had "banned visas for refugees from Iraq for six months". Her false statements were described as having "taken 'alternative facts' to a new level".
2111:
569:
defended Conway's use of "alternative facts" by arguing that it was a "harmless, and accurate term in a legal setting, where each side of a dispute will lay out its own version of the facts for the court to decide". However,
377:
During the week following Conway's comments, she discussed "alternative facts", substituting the phrases "alternative information" and "incomplete information". Two days after the Todd interview she defended Trump's
42:
551:, a public relations trade group, put out a statement that said "Encouraging and perpetuating the use of alternative facts by a high-profile spokesperson reflects poorly on all communications professionals."
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1577:
97:
to explain why Spicer would "utter a provable falsehood", Conway stated that Spicer was giving "alternative facts". Todd responded, "Look, alternative facts are not facts. They're falsehoods."
2101:
176:
ridership data and photographic evidence, Spicer's claims and allegations were false. Aerial images showed that the turnout for Trump's inauguration was lower than the turnout for the 2009
2010:
1409:
787:
100:
Conway's use of the phrase "alternative facts" for demonstrable falsehoods was widely mocked on social media and sharply criticized by journalists and media organizations, including
3500:
3420:
172:
the day before and stated that the ceremony had drawn the "largest audience to ever witness an inauguration – period – both in person and around the globe". According to
948:
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of statements made during Spicer's press conference. This included a side-by-side photographic comparison of the crowds from Obama's 2009 inauguration and that of Trump.
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interview. In response to a question from Todd about Trump's false claims regarding the inauguration crowd and the loss of credibility, Conway said:
3766:
3236:
2185:
465:'Alternative facts' are just lies". NBC News quoted two experts on the psychology of lying who said that the Trump administration was engaging in
2018:
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about alternative facts after the inauguration of Trump; Kasprak commented "the proffered description of that nightmare was authentic".
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2125:
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1927:
1139:"Metro Ridership: As of 11am, 193k trips taken so far today. (11am 1/20/13 = 317k, 11am 1/20/09 = 513k, 11am 1/20/05 = 197k) #wmata"
3816:
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been used in 2013 when Obama was sworn in for the second term. Spicer did not take questions from the media at the press briefing.
2414:
667:. Spielberg said: "We are in a fight and it's a fight not just about alternative facts but it's a fight for the objective truth."
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1802:"Conway: 'Alternative Facts' Lookups for 'fact' spiked after Kellyanne Conway described false statements as 'alternative facts
3225:
222:
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1002:
366:
Conway later defended her choice of words, defining "alternative facts" as "additional facts and alternative information".
149:
Conway later defended her choice of words, defining "alternative facts" as "additional facts and alternative information".
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2014:
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The term alternative facts became a mainstay in popular culture, from late night comedians to serious news outlets.
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17:
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Spicer's press conference and Conway's follow-up comments drew quick reactions on social media. Journalist
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86:
1982:
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510:, sales of the book increased by more than 9,500 percent, rising to the number one best-selling book on
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63:
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On
February 23, 2017, fifteen professors of law, some of whom are themselves obliged to adhere to the
3826:
3608:
3584:
2648:
694:
3696:
3510:
3378:
2507:
2102:"Read the misconduct complaint sent by law professors against White House Counsel Kellyanne Conway"
658:
788:"Kellyanne Conway says Donald Trump's team has 'alternative facts'. Which pretty much says it all"
576:
noted that " search of several online legal dictionaries did not yield any results for the term."
3622:
3579:
3461:
3451:
2939:
2803:
2742:
2544:
2428:
748:
387:
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The phrase "alternative facts" was claimed to be similar to a phrase used in Trump's 1987 book,
3319:
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2971:
2712:
2628:
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713:
404:
383:
358:
Our press secretary, Sean Spicer, gave alternative facts to that, but the point remains that...
348:
Trump's campaign strategist and counselor, Kellyanne Conway, defended Spicer's statements in a
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3054:
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2961:
2856:
2788:
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interview and the viral response on social media in which "alternative facts" was likened to
379:
3383:
2951:
1960:
1928:"The Publisher of '1984' Just Ordered a Massive Reprint for the Age of 'Alternative Facts'"
1823:
1615:
1142:
869:
847:
636:'s ad campaign "Facts First" was a direct response to the concept of alternative facts and
580:
521:
506:
429:
128:
31:
1410:"Kellyanne Conway cites 'Bowling Green massacre' that never happened to defend travel ban"
461:
characterized Conway's comments about alternative facts as "Orwellian newspeak", and said
8:
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1904:
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1819:
1414:
953:
926:
792:
743:
681:
1472:"Memo to Kellyanne Conway, there is no such thing as 'alternative facts': John L. Micek"
977:"White House press secretary attacks media for accurately reporting inauguration crowds"
949:"Sean Spicer held a press conference. He didn't take questions. Or tell the whole truth"
684:. It was also chosen by Austrian linguists as the un-word of the year in December 2017.
3811:
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2732:
2700:
2581:
2559:
2514:
2379:
2360:
2341:
1843:"The Dictionary Attempts to Remind Kellyanne Conway What the Definition of 'Fact' Is"
1248:
1089:
723:
2420:
2871:
2846:
2695:
2663:
2588:
1779:
1509:
1504:
1476:
1303:
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617:
608:
341:
173:
66:
680:
On
January 16, 2018, German linguists declared the phrase "alternative facts" the
3479:
3266:
3030:
2866:
2678:
2121:
2115:
2042:"Public relations association rebukes Trump's White House on 'alternative facts'"
1582:
1448:
738:
733:
718:
663:
613:
591:
583:
481:
168:, he accused the media of deliberately underestimating the size of the crowd for
1161:"President Trump's Spokesman Just Lied About The Size Of The Inauguration Crowd"
1138:
3559:
3441:
3069:
2722:
2502:
2492:
2455:
2451:
1272:"Sean Spicer, Trump's Press Secretary, Reboots His Relationship With the Press"
944:
650:
561:
350:
165:
71:
2399:
2286:"'Alternative Facts' Is 2017's Non-Word of the Year, German Linguists Declare"
2244:"Robert De Niro Mocks President Trump in Profanity-Laced Tirade at NBR Awards"
2203:
1956:"1984 hits No. 1 on Amazon after Kellyanne Conway's 'alternative facts' quote"
1871:"The Merriam-Webster Dictionary Has Been Trolling Trump On Twitter For Months"
138:
and others attributed to Conway's use of the phrase, making it the number-one
3760:
3701:
3659:
3049:
2653:
2593:
2070:"Even rightwing sites call out Trump administration over 'alternative facts'"
1900:"Sales of Orwell's '1984' spike after Kellyanne Conway's 'alternative facts'"
1690:
1578:"Dan Rather takes to Facebook to blast President Trump's 'alternative facts'"
1439:
753:
501:
458:
447:
123:
105:
1052:"Alt-fact: Trump's White House threatens war on media over 'unfair attacks'"
3301:
3195:
3087:
2747:
2074:
1699:
1220:
1192:
689:
626:, claiming "Kellyanne Conway has only one move: 'Go, go, alternative facts!
603:
572:
83:
1326:"A Conversation With Kellyanne Conway: 'I'm the Face of Trump's Movement'"
1051:
865:"George Orwell's '1984' surges in sales after 'alternative facts' comment"
3594:
3074:
3059:
2903:
2618:
2569:
2539:
1300:"Spicer Changes Up Format at WH Briefings, Moves to Hit Reset with Press"
1244:"Trump aides defend inflated inauguration figures as 'alternative facts'"
566:
493:
466:
400:
161:
118:
79:
1820:"A fact is a piece of information presented as having objective reality"
3721:
3171:
3147:
2878:
2737:
2727:
2690:
2623:
2598:
2310:
2263:
1637:
1116:
763:
671:
531:
511:
425:
181:
143:
139:
101:
94:
27:
Expression associated with political misinformation established in 2017
3207:
2357:
Alternative Facts: Fake News, Tweets & the 2016 Election
Paperback
1113:"Donald Trump had biggest inaugural crowd ever? Metrics don't show it"
524:, the book's publisher, ordered a 75,000 unit reprint to meet demand.
3716:
3706:
3425:
3116:
2638:
2554:
2529:
2524:
2290:
2228:
1555:
1386:
677:
is a satire about the absurdity of the concept of alternative facts.
642:
637:
113:
1723:"Some Experts Say Trump Team's Falsehoods Are Classic 'Gaslighting'"
1382:"Kellyanne Conway on Bowling Green 'massacre': I meant 'terrorists'"
1188:"'Alternative Facts': The Needless Lies of the Trump Administration"
3741:
3731:
3627:
3456:
2090:"Law professors file misconduct complaint against Kellyanne Conway"
2046:
1752:
1726:
1216:"Trump presidency begins with defense of false 'alternative facts'"
1164:
1024:"Die Parallelwelt des Trump-Teams: "Alternative Fakten sind Lügen""
497:
386:" (she later said she was referring to the arrest of two Iraqis in
3421:
Media censorship and disinformation during the Gezi Park protests
3286:
3157:
2576:
2549:
2487:
2209:
1827:
1146:
1061:
1056:
2224:"'Alternative facts' to 'witch hunt': A glossary of Trump terms"
2126:"White House Pushes 'Alternative Facts.' Here Are the Real Ones"
1749:"Alternativefacts.com Links to Magazine Story About Gaslighting"
657:
referred to alternative facts in their acceptance speech at the
407:, said he coined that phrase and claimed that Trump "loved it".
3726:
1987:
1001:
Wallace, Tim; Yourish, Karen; Griggs, Troy (January 20, 2017).
527:
369:
Two days later, Spicer corrected his statements concerning the
1664:"White House Pushes Alternative Facts. Here Are the Real Ones"
1551:"Kellyanne Conway: The American people 'have their own facts'"
843:"Sales of '1984' surge after Conway talks 'alternative facts'"
3520:
473:(offline) had been purchased and redirected to an article in
370:
1695:"Sorry, Kellyanne Conway. 'Alternative facts' are just lies"
922:"Kellyanne Conway Is the Real First Lady of Trump's America"
2633:
541:
1775:"Gaslighting: Know It and Identify It to Protect Yourself"
1444:"Column: 'Alternative facts' play to Americans' fantasies"
606:
created a segment "Two Truths and an
Alternative Fact" on
2306:"'Vollholler' zum rot-weiß-roten Wort des Jahres gewählt"
1874:
980:
633:
1500:"GOP Congress grapples with Trump's 'alternative facts'"
1003:"Trump's Inauguration vs. Obama's: Comparing the Crowds"
537:
The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark
2257:
Knecht, Lyndsay; Lester, Demetria (November 24, 2017).
2338:
Post-Truth: The New War on Truth and How to Fight Back
812:
810:
2818:
After Truth: Disinformation and the Cost of Fake News
2450:
75:
interview on
January 22, 2017, in which she defended
3687:
Countering
Foreign Propaganda and Disinformation Act
3015:
1000:
1611:"Dan Rather on Trump: 'These are not normal times'"
1085:"Fact-checking the White House 'alternative facts'"
807:
82:'s false statement about the attendance numbers of
2790:Dezinformatsia: Active Measures in Soviet Strategy
1983:"Is This Carl Sagan's 'Foreboding of an America'?"
821:"George Orwell's '1984' Is Suddenly a Best-Seller"
530:journalist Alex Kasprak noted that a passage from
520:and others attributed this to Conway's statement.
3342:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
2894:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
2259:"Watch Three Subversive Comedies For Free Online"
2151:"Jimmy Fallon Offers His Own 'Alternative Facts'"
1747:Melvin, Don; Calabrese, Erin (January 27, 2017).
939:
937:
818:
697:) defends the various historical inaccuracies in
3758:
3237:Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos
1800:Merriam-Webster Trend Watch (January 22, 2017):
2120:
1746:
1817:
934:
819:de Freytas-Tamura, Kimiko (January 25, 2017).
729:False or misleading statements by Donald Trump
646:listed it in their "Glossary of Trump terms".
180:. Spicer claimed that 420,000 people rode the
122:. Within four days of the interview, sales of
3550:Election denial movement in the United States
2436:
2335:
2256:
1841:Kircher, Madison Malone (January 23, 2017).
2770:
2415:"Trump's Long Embrace of Alternative Facts"
703:by saying that they are alternative facts.
3222:COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines
2443:
2429:
2149:Russonello, Giovanni (February 23, 2017).
2148:
1893:
1891:
1379:
112:. The phrase was extensively described as
2354:
1868:
1270:Grynbaum, Michael M. (January 23, 2017).
616:criticized Conway for saying she was not
93:. When pressed during the interview with
3575:Mohamed Atta's alleged Prague connection
2186:"Stephen Colbert mocks Kellyanne Conway"
1869:Raphelson, Samantha (January 26, 2017).
1689:
1683:
1354:"Kellyanne Conway's 'Alternative Facts'"
1269:
1021:
943:
884:
781:
779:
336:
116:, particularly in reference to the term
38:
3767:2017 controversies in the United States
3374:Russian Institute for Strategic Studies
2373:
2067:
2011:"PRSA Statement on 'Alternative Facts'"
1953:
1897:
1888:
1840:
1655:
1434:
1432:
1407:
1241:
974:
915:
913:
911:
565:article dated January 23, 2017, editor
14:
3759:
3501:Attempts to overturn the 2020 election
3292:Soviet influence on the peace movement
2889:Misinformation in the Israel–Hamas war
2039:
1773:Sarkis, Stephanie (January 22, 2017).
1772:
1661:
1636:
1630:
1608:
1525:"Donald Trump's Ghostwriter Tells All"
1408:Schmidt, Samantha (February 3, 2017).
1351:
1297:
1213:
1185:
1082:
885:Kakutani, Michiko (January 26, 2017).
840:
620:or "in the job of having evidence" on
3648:
3226:ChinaAngVirus disinformation campaign
3014:
2927:
2835:
2769:
2466:
2424:
2183:
1954:Goodman, Jessica (January 25, 2017).
1662:Fandos, Nicholas (January 22, 2017).
1609:Calfas, Jennifer (January 22, 2017).
1522:
1469:
1323:
1317:
1136:
1083:Fandos, Nicholas (January 22, 2017).
841:Calfas, Jennifer (January 24, 2017).
785:
776:
597:
2040:Conway, Madeline (January 2, 2017).
1925:
1898:Andrews, Travis (January 25, 2017).
1818:@MerriamWebster (January 22, 2017).
1438:
1429:
1380:Hjelmgaard, Kim (February 3, 2017).
908:
469:, and reported that the domain name
432:on his Facebook page. Rather wrote:
170:President Trump's inaugural ceremony
3496:1995 CIA disinformation controversy
2706:State-sponsored Internet propaganda
2015:Public Relations Society of America
1720:
1548:
1470:Micek, John L. (January 22, 2017).
1352:Hoefer, Hayley (February 3, 2017).
1324:Wolff, Michael (January 26, 2017).
1298:Berger, Judson (January 23, 2017).
1242:Bennett, Brian (January 22, 2017).
1110:
975:Stelter, Brian (January 21, 2017).
863:Koh, Elizabeth (January 24, 2017).
862:
549:Public Relations Society of America
428:posted a criticism of the incoming
279:Second inauguration of Barack Obama
110:Public Relations Society of America
24:
3822:Trump administration controversies
2967:Misinformation related to abortion
2329:
2171:"Conway: I'm not Inspector Gadget"
2068:Gabbatt, Adam (January 23, 2017).
2017:. January 24, 2017. Archived from
1926:Shen, Lucinda (January 25, 2017).
1586:. January 22, 2017. Archived from
1497:
1186:Graham, David (January 22, 2017).
1022:Mijnssen, Ivo (January 23, 2017).
251:First inauguration of Barack Obama
25:
3848:
3184:Voluntary Agency Network of Korea
2797:The KGB and Soviet Disinformation
2393:
2359:. Satirical Press International.
1549:May, Charlie (February 1, 2018).
919:
786:Blake, Aaron (January 22, 2017).
693:, William Shakespeare (played by
344:, who used the phrase originally
3737:United States Information Agency
3016:Operations and events by country
1721:Fox, Maggie (January 25, 2017).
1214:Swaine, Jon (January 22, 2017).
887:"Why '1984' Is a 2017 Must-Read"
382:by talking about a nonexistent "
266:
238:
3817:Propaganda in the United States
3337:Information war against Ukraine
2884:International Jewish conspiracy
2852:Congo Free State propaganda war
2298:
2278:
2250:
2236:
2216:
2196:
2184:Scott, Katie (March 14, 2017).
2177:
2163:
2142:
2110:. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
2098:. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
2082:
2061:
2033:
2003:
1975:
1947:
1919:
1862:
1834:
1811:
1794:
1766:
1740:
1714:
1602:
1570:
1542:
1516:
1491:
1463:
1401:
1373:
1345:
1291:
1263:
1235:
1207:
1179:
1153:
1130:
1111:Qiu, Linda (January 21, 2017).
1104:
3649:
3565:Information Operations Roadmap
3475:Psychological Warfare Division
3045:Chinese information operations
2994:Water fluoridation controversy
1076:
1044:
1015:
994:
968:
661:awards for the Spielberg film
554:
223:Inauguration of George W. Bush
187:
91:President of the United States
13:
1:
3782:Barriers to critical thinking
3777:American political neologisms
3672:Active Measures Working Group
3330:during the Russo-Georgian War
3297:U.S. Army Field Manual 30-31B
1808:. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
1523:Mayer, Jane (July 25, 2016).
770:
152:
132:had increased 95-fold, which
3555:The Freedom Fighter's Manual
3232:Fake news in the Philippines
2836:
2604:Fear, uncertainty, and doubt
1359:U.S. News & World Report
419:
414:
309:Inauguration of Donald Trump
178:inauguration of Barack Obama
62:" was a phrase used by U.S.
54:Spicer at the press briefing
7:
3787:Communication of falsehoods
3682:Counter Misinformation Team
3677:Counter disinformation unit
3127:Myth of the clean Wehrmacht
2614:Forgery as covert operation
2355:Goodspeed, William (2017).
2205:CNN – 'This is an Apple' ad
1137:Metro (January 20, 2017).
759:Terminological inexactitude
706:
159:White House Press Secretary
157:On January 21, 2017, while
77:White House Press Secretary
10:
3853:
3692:The Disinformation Project
3122:Propaganda in Nazi Germany
2478:Algorithmic radicalization
2336:d'Ancona, Matthew (2017).
2114:February 15, 2021, at the
1642:"Dan Rather Facebook post"
396:Trump: The Art of the Deal
64:Counselor to the President
29:
3772:2017 in American politics
3655:
3644:
3615:
3609:Bolivarian Army of Trolls
3603:
3585:Tobacco industry playbook
3516:CIA Kennedy assassination
3488:
3434:
3408:
3396:
3310:
3257:
3245:
3214:
3202:
3190:
3178:
3166:
3135:
3109:
3097:
3037:
3025:
3021:
3010:
2842:
2831:
2776:
2765:
2649:Manipulation (psychology)
2473:
2467:
2462:
2405:interview with Chuck Todd
2376:Alternative Facts Journal
547:On January 24, 2017, the
200:
193:
190:
3832:Linguistic controversies
3697:East StratCom Task Force
3511:9/11 conspiracy theories
2508:List of cognitive biases
2374:Noterie, Abrams (2017).
682:un-word of the year 2017
659:National Board of Review
30:For the legal term, see
3623:Public opinion brigades
3580:Niger uranium forgeries
3570:Litter boxes in schools
2940:COVID-19 misinformation
2862:Free energy suppression
2771:Books and documentaries
2545:Euphemistic misspeaking
749:Reality-based community
388:Bowling Green, Kentucky
3369:2016 Brexit referendum
2718:Scientific fabrication
2629:Historical negationism
1331:The Hollywood Reporter
927:New York Intelligencer
714:Bowling Green massacre
687:In the British sitcom
453:Journalist and former
439:
384:Bowling Green massacre
360:
345:
55:
3665:Fact-checking website
3470:Operation Mass Appeal
3452:Clockwork Orange plot
2962:Mental illness denial
2857:Climate change denial
2674:Psychological warfare
2644:Internet manipulation
2609:Firehose of falsehood
2535:Disinformation attack
1651:– via Facebook.
434:
356:
340:
53:
2804:Who's Who in the CIA
2124:(January 22, 2017).
1961:Entertainment Weekly
1693:(January 23, 2017).
1640:(January 22, 2017).
1442:(January 24, 2017).
1029:Neue Zürcher Zeitung
947:(January 21, 2017).
870:The Kansas City Star
581:District of Columbia
507:Nineteen Eighty-Four
471:alternativefacts.com
430:Trump administration
129:Nineteen Eighty-Four
32:Alternative pleading
3792:Conspiracy theories
3506:Conspiracy theories
3447:Double-Cross System
3416:Conspiracy theories
3277:Operation INFEKTION
3065:Internet Water Army
2919:Strategy of tension
2784:by Ion Mihai Pacepa
2669:Post-truth politics
2378:. Harry N. Abrams.
2107:The Washington Post
2095:The Washington Post
2021:on January 28, 2017
1905:The Washington Post
1590:on January 23, 2017
1415:The Washington Post
954:The Washington Post
793:The Washington Post
744:Post-truth politics
504:'s dystopian novel
488:Following Conway's
380:travel restrictions
201:Suggested ridership
3402:HIV/AIDS denialism
3379:Trolls from Olgino
3153:Paid news in India
3143:Fake news in India
2957:HIV/AIDS denialism
2811:Merchants of Doubt
2684:Military deception
2659:Media manipulation
2498:Circular reporting
2156:The New York Times
2131:The New York Times
1991:. January 23, 2017
1669:The New York Times
1277:The New York Times
1167:. January 22, 2017
1064:. January 22, 2017
1008:The New York Times
892:The New York Times
826:The New York Times
598:In popular culture
588:The New York Times
517:The New York Times
443:The New York Times
346:
194:Actual ridership (
135:The New York Times
56:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3640:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3590:Operation Shocker
3392:
3391:
3272:K-1000 battleship
3103:Operation Neptune
3006:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2827:
2826:
2761:
2760:
2753:Yellow journalism
2701:counterpropaganda
2582:List of fallacies
2515:Conspiracy theory
2483:Alternative facts
2401:Kellyanne Conway
2173:. March 13, 2017.
1848:New York Magazine
1249:Los Angeles Times
1090:The Seattle Times
724:Consensus reality
457:executive editor
446:responded with a
331:
330:
311:
281:
253:
225:
60:Alternative facts
51:
16:(Redirected from
3844:
3827:2010s neologisms
3646:
3645:
3465:MMR autism fraud
3348:On US elections
3282:Operation Toucan
3255:
3254:
3023:
3022:
3012:
3011:
2977:anti-vaccination
2925:
2924:
2872:Holocaust denial
2847:Bermuda Triangle
2833:
2832:
2767:
2766:
2696:black propaganda
2664:Potemkin village
2589:False accusation
2565:list of websites
2464:
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1780:Psychology Today
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1510:Associated Press
1505:The Detroit News
1495:
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1477:The Patriot-News
1467:
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1304:Fox News Channel
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802:
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783:
675:Alternative Math
655:Steven Spielberg
629:
618:Inspector Gadget
609:The Tonight Show
590:op-ed columnist
477:on gaslighting.
475:Psychology Today
464:
342:Kellyanne Conway
307:
304:January 20, 2017
277:
274:January 21, 2013
249:
246:January 20, 2009
221:
218:January 20, 2005
188:
67:Kellyanne Conway
52:
21:
18:Alternative fact
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3484:
3480:Zinoviev letter
3430:
3404:
3388:
3312:Post-Soviet era
3306:
3267:Active Measures
3250:
3241:
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3198:
3186:
3174:
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3131:
3105:
3093:
3033:
3031:Jihadunspun.com
3017:
2998:
2923:
2899:New World Order
2867:Genocide denial
2838:
2823:
2772:
2757:
2679:Memetic warfare
2469:
2458:
2449:
2400:
2396:
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2367:
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2340:. Ebury Press.
2332:
2330:Further reading
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2122:Nicholas Fandos
2116:Wayback Machine
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1498:Werner, Erica.
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945:Cillizza, Chris
942:
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739:Political gaffe
719:Credibility gap
709:
627:
614:Stephen Colbert
600:
592:Nicholas Fandos
584:Bar Association
557:
540:became a viral
482:Merriam-Webster
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3560:Habbush letter
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3442:Bell Pottinger
3438:
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3435:United Kingdom
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3099:
3098:Czechoslovakia
3095:
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3077:
3072:
3070:PLA Unit 61398
3067:
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3019:
3018:
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2991:
2990:
2989:
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2979:
2969:
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2959:
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2949:
2948:
2947:
2945:by governments
2937:
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2793:
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2782:Disinformation
2777:
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2503:Cognitive bias
2500:
2495:
2493:Cherry picking
2490:
2485:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2460:
2459:
2456:misinformation
2452:Disinformation
2448:
2447:
2440:
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2425:
2419:
2418:
2417:Bloomberg View
2412:
2403:Meet the Press
2395:
2394:External links
2392:
2391:
2390:
2385:978-1419728846
2384:
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2366:978-0998885308
2365:
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2347:978-1785036873
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2136:
2088:Sari Horwitz,
2081:
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2002:
1974:
1946:
1918:
1887:
1861:
1833:
1826:) – via
1810:
1793:
1765:
1739:
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1691:Abramson, Jill
1682:
1654:
1629:
1601:
1569:
1541:
1529:The New Yorker
1515:
1490:
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1440:Page, Clarence
1428:
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1145:) – via
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695:David Mitchell
651:Robert De Niro
599:
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562:Breitbart News
556:
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490:Meet the Press
455:New York Times
421:
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351:Meet the Press
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203:(Sean Spicer)
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166:press briefing
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84:Donald Trump's
72:Meet the Press
26:
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3702:FactCheck.org
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3660:Fact-checking
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3050:50 Cent Party
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2654:Media culture
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2594:False dilemma
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2020:
2016:
2012:
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1990:
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754:Stylized fact
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623:The Late Show
619:
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502:George Orwell
500:, terms from
499:
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486:
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472:
468:
460:
459:Jill Abramson
456:
451:
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427:
412:
408:
406:
405:Tony Schwartz
403:of the book,
402:
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174:rapid transit
171:
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147:
145:
141:
137:
136:
131:
130:
125:
124:George Orwell
121:
120:
115:
111:
107:
106:Jill Abramson
103:
98:
96:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
73:
68:
65:
61:
37:
33:
19:
3462:
3397:South Africa
3384:Web brigades
3320:Cyberwarfare
3302:Useful idiot
3251:Soviet Union
3196:Fintas Group
3088:Global Times
3086:
3055:cyberwarfare
2816:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2789:
2781:
2748:Whataboutism
2743:Urban legend
2713:Quote mining
2482:
2402:
2375:
2356:
2337:
2316:. Retrieved
2309:
2300:
2289:
2280:
2268:. Retrieved
2262:
2252:
2238:
2227:
2218:
2208:– via
2204:
2198:
2189:
2179:
2165:
2154:
2144:
2129:
2105:
2093:
2084:
2075:The Guardian
2073:
2063:
2051:. Retrieved
2045:
2035:
2023:. Retrieved
2019:the original
2005:
1993:. Retrieved
1986:
1977:
1965:. Retrieved
1959:
1949:
1937:. Retrieved
1931:
1921:
1909:. Retrieved
1903:
1878:. Retrieved
1864:
1852:. Retrieved
1846:
1836:
1813:
1796:
1784:. Retrieved
1778:
1768:
1756:. Retrieved
1742:
1730:. Retrieved
1716:
1704:. Retrieved
1700:The Guardian
1698:
1685:
1673:. Retrieved
1667:
1657:
1645:. Retrieved
1632:
1620:. Retrieved
1614:
1604:
1592:. Retrieved
1588:the original
1581:
1572:
1560:. Retrieved
1554:
1544:
1532:. Retrieved
1528:
1518:
1503:
1493:
1481:. Retrieved
1475:
1465:
1453:. Retrieved
1447:
1419:. Retrieved
1413:
1403:
1391:. Retrieved
1385:
1375:
1363:. Retrieved
1357:
1347:
1335:. Retrieved
1329:
1319:
1307:. Retrieved
1293:
1281:. Retrieved
1275:
1265:
1253:. Retrieved
1247:
1237:
1225:. Retrieved
1221:The Guardian
1219:
1209:
1197:. Retrieved
1193:The Atlantic
1191:
1181:
1169:. Retrieved
1155:
1132:
1120:. Retrieved
1106:
1094:. Retrieved
1088:
1078:
1066:. Retrieved
1055:
1046:
1034:. Retrieved
1027:
1017:
1006:
996:
984:. Retrieved
970:
958:. Retrieved
952:
925:
896:. Retrieved
890:
874:. Retrieved
868:
852:. Retrieved
846:
830:. Retrieved
824:
797:. Retrieved
791:
734:It Wasn't Me
698:
690:Upstart Crow
688:
686:
679:
674:
669:
662:
648:
641:
632:
621:
607:
604:Jimmy Fallon
601:
587:
578:
573:The Guardian
571:
560:
558:
546:
535:
526:
515:
505:
489:
487:
479:
474:
470:
454:
452:
441:
440:
435:
423:
409:
394:
392:
376:
368:
365:
361:
357:
349:
347:
332:
303:
273:
245:
217:
156:
148:
133:
127:
117:
99:
87:inauguration
70:
59:
57:
36:
3595:Yellow rain
3215:Philippines
3075:Spamouflage
3060:Little Pink
2914:Rothschilds
2904:Red mercury
2619:Gaslighting
2570:Lying press
2540:Doublespeak
2318:January 18,
2314:(in German)
2190:Global News
2053:January 25,
2025:January 25,
1967:January 25,
1939:January 25,
1911:January 25,
1880:January 31,
1854:January 31,
1786:February 7,
1758:February 7,
1732:February 7,
1706:January 23,
1675:January 22,
1647:January 22,
1638:Rather, Dan
1622:January 22,
1594:January 22,
1562:February 2,
1534:January 25,
1483:January 25,
1455:January 25,
1421:February 3,
1393:February 3,
1365:February 3,
1337:January 27,
1309:January 24,
1283:January 24,
1255:January 22,
1227:January 22,
1199:January 22,
1171:January 22,
1122:February 2,
1096:January 23,
1068:January 23,
1036:January 25,
1032:(in German)
986:January 21,
960:January 22,
898:January 26,
876:January 24,
854:January 24,
832:January 26,
799:January 22,
700:Richard III
567:Joel Pollak
555:Legal usage
494:Doublethink
467:gaslighting
401:ghostwriter
162:Sean Spicer
119:doublethink
80:Sean Spicer
3802:Euphemisms
3761:Categories
3722:PolitiFact
3650:Opposition
3526:Sandy Hook
3325:on Estonia
3259:Soviet era
3172:Team Jorge
3148:Godi-media
2909:Reptilians
2879:Illuminati
2738:Truthiness
2728:Social bot
2691:Propaganda
2624:Half-truth
2599:False flag
2311:Die Presse
2264:D Magazine
1117:Politifact
771:References
764:Truthiness
672:short film
532:Carl Sagan
512:Amazon.com
485:the term.
448:fact check
426:Dan Rather
182:D.C. Metro
153:Background
144:Amazon.com
140:bestseller
108:, and the
102:Dan Rather
95:Chuck Todd
3812:Fallacies
3807:Fake news
3797:Deception
3717:NewsGuard
3712:Logically
3707:Full Fact
3604:Venezuela
3538:Fake news
3426:AK Trolls
3117:Funkspiel
2639:Infodemic
2555:Fake news
2530:Denialism
2525:Deception
2291:USA Today
2229:USA Today
1387:USA Today
670:The 2017
643:USA Today
638:fake news
420:Criticism
415:Reactions
263:1,120,000
211:Full day
126:'s novel
114:Orwellian
69:during a
3837:Trumpism
3742:USAFacts
3732:StopFake
3628:Force 47
3533:COVID-19
3457:Euromyth
3208:Peñabots
3082:COVID-19
2987:COVID-19
2972:Vaccines
2837:Examples
2723:Smearing
2112:Archived
2047:Politico
1995:June 26,
1753:NBC News
1727:NBC News
1616:The Hill
1165:BuzzFeed
848:The Hill
707:See also
664:The Post
534:'s book
498:Newspeak
208:Morning
3616:Vietnam
3287:Seat 12
3158:OpIndia
3110:Germany
2577:Fallacy
2550:Factoid
2488:Big lie
2410:YouTube
2270:July 8,
2210:YouTube
1933:Fortune
1828:Twitter
1147:Twitter
1062:Reuters
1057:Haaretz
522:Penguin
326:420,000
321:570,557
316:193,000
296:317,000
291:782,000
286:317,000
258:513,000
235:575,069
230:197,000
3727:Snopes
3543:online
3463:Lancet
3409:Turkey
3247:Russia
3203:Mexico
3191:Kuwait
3167:Israel
3026:Canada
2982:autism
2928:Health
2560:online
2382:
2363:
2344:
1988:Snopes
528:Snopes
3521:QAnon
3179:Korea
3136:India
3038:China
2952:Ebola
2468:Types
1824:Tweet
1556:Salon
1143:Tweet
649:Both
559:In a
371:WMATA
196:WMATA
191:Date
3362:2020
3357:2018
3352:2016
2733:Spin
2634:Hoax
2519:list
2454:and
2380:ISBN
2361:ISBN
2342:ISBN
2320:2018
2272:2018
2055:2017
2027:2017
1997:2021
1969:2017
1941:2017
1913:2017
1882:2017
1856:2017
1788:2017
1760:2017
1734:2017
1708:2017
1677:2017
1649:2017
1624:2017
1596:2017
1564:2018
1536:2017
1485:2017
1457:2017
1423:2017
1395:2017
1367:2017
1339:2017
1311:2017
1285:2017
1257:2017
1229:2017
1201:2017
1173:2017
1124:2017
1098:2017
1070:2017
1038:2017
988:2017
962:2017
900:2017
878:2017
856:2017
834:2017
801:2017
653:and
542:meme
496:and
480:The
2408:on
1875:NPR
981:CNN
634:CNN
142:on
89:as
3763::
2935:5G
2308:.
2288:.
2261:.
2226:.
2188:.
2153:.
2128:.
2104:.
2092:.
2072:.
2044:.
2013:.
1985:.
1958:.
1930:.
1902:.
1890:^
1873:.
1845:.
1777:.
1751:.
1725:.
1697:.
1666:.
1613:.
1580:.
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1527:.
1508:.
1502:.
1474:.
1446:.
1431:^
1412:.
1384:.
1356:.
1328:.
1302:.
1274:.
1246:.
1218:.
1190:.
1163:.
1115:.
1087:.
1060:.
1054:.
1026:.
1005:.
979:.
951:.
936:^
924:.
910:^
889:.
867:.
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809:^
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778:^
640:.
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612:.
594:.
514:.
267:—
239:—
198:)
146:.
104:,
3249:/
3228:)
3224:(
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2369:.
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2246:.
2232:.
2212:.
2192:.
2159:.
2134:.
2078:.
2057:.
2029:.
1999:.
1971:.
1943:.
1915:.
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1830:.
1822:(
1806:"
1804:'
1790:.
1762:.
1736:.
1710:.
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1538:.
1512:.
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1459:.
1425:.
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1369:.
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1231:.
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1149:.
1141:(
1126:.
1100:.
1072:.
1040:.
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902:.
880:.
858:.
836:.
803:.
628:'
463:"
58:"
34:.
20:)
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