219:
plants in
Detroit where white workers sometimes struck to protest the promotion of black workers to production jobs. It also worked on this issue in shipyards in Alabama, mass transit in Philadelphia, and steel plants in Baltimore. The CIO leadership, particularly those in more left unions such as the Packinghouse Workers, the UAW, the NMU and the Transport Workers, undertook serious efforts to suppress hate strikes and to educate their membership. Those unions contrasted their relatively bold attack on the problem with the timidity and racism of the AFL.
562:. In 1943, Woody Guthrie wrote and published his famous semi-autobiographical book "Bound for Glory". Later that year he joined the Merchant Marines with fellow (non- Almanac) folksinger Cisco Houston, and would be drafted into the army until late 1945; Woody afterwards performed solo and with others (but not as part of an organized band) until becoming progressively overcome by Huntington's Disease in the mid 1950s. The other founding Almanac members Pete Seeger and Lee Hays became President and Executive Secretary, respectively, of
422:"warmongers" and the "isolationists" (and the points between). Before every booking we had to decide: were we going to sing some of our hardest-hitting and most eloquent songs, all of which were antiwar, and if we weren't, what would we sing anyway? ... We hoped the next headline would not challenge our entire roster of poetic ideas. Woody Guthrie wrote a song that mournfully stated: "I started out to write a song to the entire population / But no sooner than I got the words down, here come a brand new situation".
417:(2008), that for her part, she had taken the pacifist oath as a girl out of repugnance for what she thought was the senseless brutality of the First World War (a sentiment shared by many) and that she took the oath very seriously. However, she said that events were happening so fast, and such terrible news was coming out about German atrocities, that the Almanacs hardly knew what to believe from one day to the next, and they found themselves adjusting their topical repertoire on a daily basis.
1081:
should be used on a broadcast with the only live talent. Something, I am sure, will come of that. I told him that you all could make a new song about any assigned subject at the drop of a banjo"(quoted in R. Cohen, 2002). In the same letter he urged that the group, if it was to change its name, choose something more associated with folk music than "The
Headline Singers", which Guthrie was contemplating. The album was not released until May of that year.
242:'s Grapes of Wrath Evening, a benefit for displaced migrant workers, in March 1940. That year, Seeger joined Guthrie on a trip to Texas and California to visit Guthrie's relatives. Hays and Lampell had rented a New York City apartment together in October 1940, and on his return Seeger moved in with them. They called their apartment Almanac House, and it became a center for leftist intellectuals as well as crash pad for folksingers, including (in 1942)
211:. For this was the age of the CIO, the years that one historian has called 'the largest sustained surge of worker organization in American history'". "By the early 1940s," he continues, "the CIO was dominated by new unions in the metalworking industries--the United Autoworkers, the United Steel Workers, and the United Electrical Workers--and '
1080:
was here, and took a copy of "Taking it Easy" with the intention of getting it played on their network. He promised to . . . get your permission first. The other night I played the stuff for Bobby
Strauss, who is Director of Information for OEM, and he was delighted and said he thought that the thing
554:
threat to recruitment and the morale of the war effort among blacks and youth, and they were hounded by hostile reviews, exposure of their
Communist ties and negative coverage in the New York press, like the headline "Commie Singers try to Infiltrate Radio". They disbanded in late 1942 or early 1943.
257:
Loyalists at the Jade
Mountain restaurant in New York City. According to a 1965 interview with Lee Hays by Richard Reuss, Seeger, Hays, and Lampell sang at an American Youth Congress held at Turner's Arena in Washington, D.C., in February 1941, at which sponsors had requested songs constructed around
527:
Now, as I think of our great land . . . / I know it ain't perfect, but it will be someday, / Just give us a little time. // This is the reason that I want to fight, / Not 'cause everything's perfect, or everything's right. / No, it's just the opposite: I'm fightin' because / I want a better
America,
296:
They invented a driving, energetic performing style, based on what they felt was the best of
American country string band music, black and white. They wore street clothes, which was unheard of in an era when entertainers routinely wore formal, night-club attire, and they invited the audience to join
1075:
On
January 21, 1942, Alan Lomax wrote the following to Woody Guthrie: “I played the Almanac songs the other day for Mrs. Roosevelt, and she thought they were swell, and asked for copies of the records. She is playing them for her OCD staff, and I think their fame will be spread abroad. Besides, the
421:
Every day, it seemed, another once-stable
European political reality would fall to the rapidly expanding Nazi armies, and the agonies of the death camps were beginning to reach our ears. The Almanacs, as self-defined commentators, were inevitably affected by the intense national debate between the
218:
In late 1940 and early 1941 (before
America entered World War II) rearmament was putting an end to a decade of unemployment; and labor was at its most militant. As the CIO fought racial discrimination in hiring, it had to confront deep racial divides in its own membership, particularly in the UAW
390:, and during the period of re-armament in 1941, were now vying for government contracts to build up the defenses of the U.S. Besides being anti-union, these corporations were a focus of progressive and black activist anger because they barred blacks from employment in defense work.
949:
Those were the days of Hitler's aerial blitz of Britain and Stalin's invasion of Finland. A large section of the American (and English and French) public was still hoping to sic Hitler on Stalin, and let the two rival dictatorships fight it out and leave the democracies alone.
537:
So, Mr. President, / We got this one big job to do / That's lick Mr. Hitler and when we're through, / Let no one else ever take his place / To trample down the human race. / So what I want is you to give me a gun / So we can hurry up and get the job
590:, then began singing together again at fund-raising folk dances, with a repertoire geared to international folk music. The new singing group, appearing for a while in 1949 under the rubric, "The Nameless Quartet", changed their name to
442:(The Fair Employment Act) banning racial discrimination by corporations receiving federal defense contracts. The racial situation, which had threatened black support for the peacetime draft, was now somewhat defused (even though the
334:
in U.S. history. Recorded in February or March 1941 and issued in May, it comprised four songs written by Millard Lampell and two by Seeger and Hays (including "Plow Under") that followed the Communist Party line (after the 1939
521:
Now, Mr. President, / We haven't always agreed in the past, I know, / But that ain't at all important now. / What is important is what we got to do, / We got to lick Mr. Hitler, and until we do, / Other things can wait.//
373:
came out under the imprint "Almanac Records", and Bernay insisted that the performers themselves (in this case Pete Seeger, Millard Lampell, Josh White, and Sam Gary, an interracial group) pay for the costs of production.
471:
magazine, nevertheless. It was reissued by Folkways in 1955 with additional songs and is still available today. The Almanacs also issued two albums of traditional folk songs with no political content in 1941: an album of
555:
It has been suggested that the popularity and credibility of the group were affected by the constantly changing policies of the Communist Party and uncertainty about where their music stood in relation to these changes.
437:
On June 25, 1941, Roosevelt, under pressure from black leaders, who were threatening a massive march on Washington against segregation in the army and the exclusion of blacks from factories doing defense work, signed
958:(later succeeding FDR as U.S. President), is supposed to have said that we should try to get Hitler and Stalin fighting each other and then help the one that's losing. Then they'd both finish each other off. —
799:(Lanham, Maryland and London: Scarecrow Press, 2000), p. 150 and note, p. 175. The Youth Congress of the previous year, a rally for jobs, had been held on the grounds of the White House. On that occasion,
215:' was not simply a kind of unionism but a kind of social reconstruction". It is in the context of this social movement that the story of the Almanac Singers, which formed in early 1941, ought to be seen.
831:"'Hold on', said Lee . 'Back where I come from, a family had two books. The Bible to help 'em to the next world. The Almanac, to help 'em through the present world. We've got an Almanac. Of course, most
258:
the slogan "Don't Lend or Lease our Bases" and "Jim Crow must Go". Shortly after this, they decided to call themselves the Almanacs. They chose the name because Lee Hays had said that back home in
965:
When Pete was preparing to write his autobiography, Helen Travis, a friend of his from that era, showed how Party members justified the changing line to themselves when she wrote :
653:(Stinson/Asch, 1940). This album was not credited to the Almanac Singers, but to several individuals who were members of the band (Pete Seeger, Bess Lomax, and Butch Hawes) along with
1096:, the FBI also came after Billie Holiday, when she sang a pacifist song in the middle of the war, forcing her manager to make her change her repertoire. See Denning (1997), p. 343.
1009:
The review, published Sept. 15, 1941 in a column entitled "September Records", recalled the Almanac's anti-war album earlier that year, noting tartly: "Their recorded collection
532:, and no more rules like / "You can't ride on this train 'cause you're a Negro," / "You can't live here 'cause you're a Jew,"/ "You can't work here 'cause you're a union man."//
207:
Cultural historian Michael Denning writes, "The base of the Popular Front was labor movement, the organization of millions of industrial workers into the new unions of the
1556:
262:
farmers had only two books in their houses: the Bible, to guide and prepare them for life in the next world, and the Almanac, to tell them about conditions in this one."
1109:
broadcast, 'This is War'. But the next day a headline in a major New York newspaper said 'Commie Singers try to Infiltrate Radio,' and that was the last job we got" (
1013:, ably hewed to the then Moscow line, neatly phonograph-needled J. P. Morgan, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and, particularly, war (TIME, June 16). The three discs of
1423:
1902:
1794:
1177:
was recorded in Barcelona (1938) with bombs falling in the background. It was issued by Keynote in either 1938 or 1940 (Keynote 101). According to
1363:
1062:. Earl Robinson supervised the January 1942 session, which featured six songs in support of the war effort" (Ronald D. Cohen & Dave Samuelson,
972:
a phony war at the outset. However we lefties weren't hep enough to note how it changed when popular resistance to the German onslaught began in
199:
and promote racial and religious inclusiveness and workers' rights. The Almanac Singers felt strongly that songs could help achieve these goals.
2374:
1801:
426:
On June 22, 1941, Hitler broke the non-aggression pact and attacked Communist Russia, and Keynote promptly destroyed all its inventory of
2369:
501:
327:
1017:, on sale last week under the Keynote label, lay off the isolationist business now that the Russians are laying it on the Germans."
1300:
1252:. Lanham, Maryland and London, UK: Scarecrow Press, 2000. Finished posthumously by Joanne C. Reuss from her husband's manuscript.
579:
582:, ticket. People's Songs disbanded in 1948, after the defeat of Wallace. Seeger and Hays, joined by two of Hays' young friends,
558:
In 1945, after the end of the war, Millard Lampell went on to become a successful screenwriter, writing under a pseudonym while
465:", and the eponymous "Talking Union". This album, issued in July 1941, was not anti-Roosevelt but was criticized in a review by
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832:
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2211:
1936:
1840:
1776:
1671:
1535:
1450:
1345:
625:
1929:
1847:
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697:
617:
208:
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1991:
1984:
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declaration of war in December 1941, the Almanacs recorded a new topical album for Keynote in support of the war effort,
1895:
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1214:
997:
705:
511:
195:, was "Communism is twentieth century Americanism"), who had vowed to put aside their differences in order to fight
1695:
1038:
2384:
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by Ernst Busch and chorus (1940). In addition to issuing records by Josh White and the Almanacs, Keynote drew on
297:
in the singing. The Almanacs had many gigs playing at parties, rallies, benefits, unions meetings, and informal "
17:
2061:
1950:
1723:
1590:
1409:
1395:
1381:
1324:
848:
On the use of the term, Richard Reuss draws attention to Pete Seeger's article, "How Hootenanny Came to Be" in
800:
649:
517:
The title song, "Dear Mr. President", was a solo by Pete Seeger, and its lines expressed his lifelong credo:
308:, where they introduced the song "Talking Union" and participated in a dramatic sketch with the young actress
2067:
2379:
2288:
1977:
401:. Seeger later said that he believed the Communist argument at that time that the war was "phony" and that
430:. The CIO now urged support for Roosevelt and the draft, and it forbade its members from participation in
1882:
1702:
1577:
1550:
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336:
1000:, 2002), p. 30, Guthrie had joined the Almanacs in the summer of 1941, greatly enhancing its repertoire.
1957:
1464:
641:
253:
Ed Cray says that Hays and Seeger's first paying gig was in January 1941 at a fund-raising benefit for
1243:"My Song is My Weapon" : People's Songs, American Communism, and the Politics of Culture, 1930-50
461:
songs: "Union Maid", "I Don't Want Your Millions Mister", "Get Thee Behind Me Satan", "Union Train", "
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2204:
1664:
1481:
1388:
394:
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2111:
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1443:
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543:
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305:
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1165:(Lincoln, Nebraska and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1988) pp. 118, 119, and passim.
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2127:
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439:
379:
355:. Bernay, who owned a small record store, was the former business manager of the magazine
8:
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1730:
1402:
886:
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666:
340:
212:
188:
480:(sea chanteys, as was well known, being Franklin Roosevelt's favorite kind of song) and
1943:
1922:
1737:
1457:
1092:
803:
633:
609:
458:
443:
322:
657:. In 1961, this record was reissued by Folkways Records as one side of an LP entitled
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began playing together informally in 1940 or 1941. Pete Seeger and Guthrie had met at
2338:
2041:
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1833:
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The Keynote label had debuted with the famous collection of Spanish Civil War songs,
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815:
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387:
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301:", a term Seeger and Guthrie learned on an Almanac tour of Portland and Washington.
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On May day of 1941, they entertained a rally of 20,000 striking transit workers in
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782:(New York: W.W. Norton, 2004), pp. 218-219. David Dunaway, on the other hand, in
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223:
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73:
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Which Side Are You On? The American Communist Party During the Second World War
1031:
661:, Vol. 1 (FH5436). The flip side of the LP was a re-release of the 1938 album
587:
583:
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recordings in 1940. When the USA entered the European war after Germany's post-
309:
266:
247:
106:
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has argued, "are among the best of all jazz recordings"; see Michael Denning,
550:
determined that the Almanacs and their former anti-draft message were still a
2353:
2271:
2047:
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had chided members for condemning only fascist dictatorships rather than all
745:
The Cultural Front: The Laboring of American Culture in the Twentieth Century
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431:
278:
235:
184:
168:
118:
90:
43:
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2159:
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922:
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402:
397:'s unprecedented peacetime draft, insinuating that he was going to war for
344:
331:
298:
192:
1222:
The Cultural Front: The Laboring American Culture in the Twentieth Century
528:
and better laws, / And better homes, and jobs, and schools, / And no more
2253:
2220:
2151:
2135:
2103:
1968:
1680:
1027:
901:
878:
591:
398:
352:
243:
231:
180:
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102:
1227:
Denisoff, R. Serge. "'Take It Easy, but Take It': The Almanac Singers,"
1058:"When Decca backed away from its contract offer , the Almanacs recorded
1034:'s "Strange Fruit", when Columbia rejected it as too controversial. See
2008:
973:
925:
bands for a series of small group sessions, "nearly a third of which,"
786:(New York: Villard Books), 2008, p. 82, gives a date of December, 1940.
654:
485:
473:
357:
282:
274:
152:
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53:
765:(See "Growth During the Second World War" in Knowledge's entry on the
2054:
1030:, who in 1941 accepted a job at Decca. In 1939 Commodore had put out
946:, edited by Peter Blood (Bethlehem: PA (1993, 1997)) pp. 19–22:
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286:
239:
171:. The group specialized in topical songs, mostly songs advocating an
130:
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807:
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484:, which were songs of the pioneers. Both of these were produced by
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5, no. 4 (Autumn 1955): 32–33. Cited in Reuss, 2000, p. 176.
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1045:. In 1954, Gabler would issue the revolutionary rockabilly hit, "
819:
489:
320:
The Almanacs' first record release, an album of three 78s called
196:
1278:
992:
Bess Lomax Hawes (2008), p. 43. According to Ronald D. Cohen in
405:
merely wanted to use Hitler as a proxy to attack Soviet Russia.
835:
can't read it.' We became the Almanac Singers." (Pete Seeger,
811:
383:
2189:
1649:
1751:
265:
Performers who sang with the group at various times included
1557:
Roll on Columbia: Woody Guthrie and the Columbia River Songs
1250:
American Folk Music & Left Wing Politics 1927–1957
1211:
Rainbow Quest: The Folk Music Revival & American Society
797:
American Folk Music & Left Wing Politics 1927–1957
269:, (John) Peter Hawes and his brother Baldwin "Butch" Hawes,
814:), angering its members, who were still upset over his and
446:
still declined to desegregate) and the march was canceled.
885:
sentiment among labor, as well as among the predominantly
1259:. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1988.
1245:. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1995.
1238:. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2008.
1106:
1077:
547:
1026:
General, a subsidiary of Commodore, had been founded by
944:
Where Have All the Flowers Gone: A Musical Autobiography
865:(Hambergen, Germany: Bear Family Records, 1996), p. 17.
686:
Boomtown Bill / Keep That Oil A-Rollin (Keynote, 1942).
369:
Concert. Perhaps because of its controversial content,
386:), repeating the Party's line that they had supported
187:, an alliance of liberals and leftists, including the
1424:
Woody at 100: The Woody Guthrie Centennial Collection
409:, who was twenty at the time and did not sing on the
1197:, (Urbana & Chicago: Illini Books, 1993), p. 20.
1795:
Birds, Beasts, Bugs & Fishes (Little & Big)
457:, also produced by Bernay, was a collection of six
1036:Bob Koester, "Milt Gabler & Commodore Records"
434:for the duration (angering some in the movement).
1105:"We got to sing on January '42, on a nationwide
1066:, Bear Family Records BCD 15720 JL, 1996, p. 94).
2351:
1364:The Live Wire: Woody Guthrie in Performance 1949
683:Song For Bridges / Babe of Mine (Keynote, 1941).
155:group, active between 1940 and 1943, founded by
1802:If I Had a Hammer: Songs of Hope & Struggle
2205:
1665:
1294:
881:, was still strong, and there was widespread
877:, inspired by repugnance at the brutality of
566:, an organization with the goal of providing
378:attacked big American corporations (such as
1903:God's Counting on Me, God's Counting on You
1231::, vol. 83, no. 327 (1970), pp. 21–32.
2212:
2198:
1672:
1658:
1301:
1287:
328:Selective Training and Service Act of 1940
1339:Songs To Grow On Volume One: Nursery Days
602:
76:, Almanac Records, General, Asch, Stinson
1122:
904:, but also the anti-Communist socialist
1248:Reuss, Richard A. and Joanne C. Reuss.
1163:Lonesome Traveler: The Life of Lee Hays
976:... before the invasion of the USSR." (
361:, which in 1938 and 1939 had sponsored
14:
2352:
2079:We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions
1189:was named for German Communist leader
795:Richard A. Reuss and Joanne C. Reuss,
315:
2375:Musical groups disestablished in 1942
2193:
1937:Deep Sea Chanteys and Whaling Ballads
1841:If You Miss Me at the Back of the Bus
1653:
1451:Deep Sea Chanteys and Whaling Ballads
1346:Songs to Grow on for Mother and Child
1282:
1257:Lonesome Traveler: A Life of Lee Hays
780:Ramblin' Man: A Life of Woody Guthrie
747:(London, New York: Verso, 1997) p. 6.
698:Talking Union & Other Union Songs
626:Deep Sea Chanteys and Whaling Ballads
594:and went on to achieve great renown.
478:Deep Sea Chanteys and Whaling Ballads
1848:Last Night I Had the Strangest Dream
725:The Sea, The Soil & The Struggle
393:The album also criticized President
347:. It was produced by the founder of
151:was an American New York City-based
2297:The Weavers at Carnegie Hall Vol. 2
1985:The Weavers at Carnegie Hall Vol. 2
413:album, writes in her autobiography
24:
2370:Musical groups established in 1940
1203:
1127:(Media notes). Prism Leisure Corp.
570:to union activists, repeal of the
191:(whose slogan, under their leader
183:philosophy. They were part of the
25:
2396:
1710:American Favorite Ballads, Vol. 2
1308:
1263:
1215:University of Massachusetts Press
1076:News and Special Events man from
998:University of Massachusetts Press
861:Ronald Cohen and Dave Samuelson,
706:Their Complete General Recordings
510:, that included Woody Guthrie's "
2316:The Weavers: Wasn't That a Time!
1992:The Weavers: Wasn't That a Time!
1896:Where Have All the Flowers Gone?
1696:American Folk Songs for Children
492:, the label that had issued his
2219:
1724:Sleep-Time: Songs & Stories
1679:
1325:Ballads of Sacco & Vanzetti
1168:
1155:
1131:
1116:
1111:Where Have All the Flowers Gone
1099:
1084:
1069:
1052:
1020:
1003:
986:
978:Where Have All the Flowers Gone
960:Where Have all the Flowers Gone
936:
911:
837:Where Have All the Flowers Gone
690:
2073:The Great Hudson River Revival
2062:Pete Seeger: The Power of Song
1951:Songs of the Lincoln Battalion
1591:Last Thoughts on Woody Guthrie
1410:The Very Best of Woody Guthrie
1396:Library of Congress Recordings
1382:Woody Guthrie Sings Folk Songs
933:(London: Verso, 1997), p. 338.
900:and the future U.S. president
868:
855:
842:
825:
789:
772:
759:
750:
737:
659:Songs of the Spanish Civil War
650:Songs of the Lincoln Battalion
597:
13:
1:
2068:Hudson River Sloop Clearwater
1389:The Columbia River Collection
673:, 11th International Brigade.
273:(wife of Butch and sister of
2360:American folk musical groups
2289:The Weavers at Carnegie Hall
1978:The Weavers at Carnegie Hall
1229:Journal of American Folklore
701:(Smithsonian Folkways, 1973)
449:The Almanac's second album,
7:
1883:Waist Deep in the Big Muddy
1703:American Industrial Ballads
1578:Woody Guthrie Folk Festival
1551:This machine kills fascists
1090:According to an article in
968:I remain convinced that it
506:, under the supervision of
289:, (Hiram) Jaime Lowden and
10:
2401:
1125:Liner notes: Protest Songs
1064:Songs for Political Action
863:Songs for Political Action
677:
202:
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2307:
2280:
2227:
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2029:
2001:
1967:
1912:
1811:
1786:
1768:
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1600:
1474:
1433:
1373:
1355:
1316:
784:The Ballad of Pete Seeger
326:, written to protest the
285:, Jackie (Gibson) Alper,
84:
80:
69:
59:
49:
39:
32:
1573:Woody Guthrie Foundation
1193:. See Maurice Isserman,
1185:'s favorite albums. The
1123:Gretland, Glenn (2001).
896:, who included not only
731:
613:(Almanac Records, 1941).
367:From Spirituals to Swing
27:American folk music band
1175:Six Songs for Democracy
919:Six Songs for Democracy
894:America First Committee
822:against Loyalist Spain.
663:Six Songs for Democracy
337:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
2385:Political music groups
1608:Marjorie Mazia Guthrie
1523:Mermaid Avenue (Vol. I
1509:This Land Is Your Land
1224:. London: Verso, 2007.
982:
964:
669:and the chorus of the
603:Original studio albums
540:
534:
524:
463:Which Side Are You On?
424:
330:, the first peacetime
1537:The Complete Sessions
1213:, 1940–1970. Boston:
1047:Rock Around the Clock
966:
947:
756:(Denning, 1997, p. 7)
719:Talking Union, Vol. 1
535:
525:
519:
419:
306:Madison Square Garden
167:, and were joined by
112:Baldwin "Butch" Hawes
2128:Ruth Crawford Seeger
2112:Tao RodrĂguez-Seeger
1820:The Bells of Rhymney
1759:Pete Remembers Woody
1568:Woody Guthrie Center
440:Executive Order 8802
2380:Musical collectives
1731:God Bless the Grass
1403:The Asch Recordings
1270:The Almanac Singers
1241:Lieberman, Ronnie.
1234:Hawes, Bess Lomax.
883:non-interventionist
316:Recordings and Reds
213:industrial unionism
189:Communist Party USA
1958:Dear Mr. President
1944:Sod Buster Ballads
1923:Songs for John Doe
1465:Dear Mr. President
1458:Sod Buster Ballads
1220:Denning, Michael.
1187:Thälmann Battalion
1093:The Amsterdam News
1060:Dear Mr. President
1041:2011-07-09 at the
1011:Songs for John Doe
931:The Cultural Front
804:Franklin Roosevelt
671:Thälmann Battalion
642:Dear Mr. President
634:Sod Buster Ballads
610:Songs for John Doe
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1876:Turn! Turn! Turn!
1834:If I Had a Hammer
1777:We Shall Overcome
1738:Dangerous Songs!?
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1332:Dust Bowl Ballads
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86:Past members
61:Years active
2281:Live albums
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2221:The Weavers
2179:(stepniece)
2152:Alan Seeger
2136:Mike Seeger
2104:Mika Seeger
2037:Discography
1969:The Weavers
1769:Live albums
1681:Pete Seeger
1498:(1976 film)
1490:(1943 book)
1482:Discography
1356:Live albums
1028:Milt Gabler
902:Gerald Ford
879:World War I
833:Congressmen
816:Churchill's
709:(MCA, 1996)
667:Ernst Busch
598:Discography
592:The Weavers
560:blacklisted
399:J.P. Morgan
380:J.P. Morgan
353:Eric Bernay
244:Sonny Terry
232:Pete Seeger
177:anti-racism
165:Pete Seeger
110:Peter Hawes
103:Pete Seeger
2354:Categories
2168:John Cohen
2115:(grandson)
2107:(daughter)
2009:Union Boys
1622:(daughter)
1148:2023-02-28
974:Yugoslavia
887:right-wing
655:Tom Glazer
514:" (1942).
486:Alan Lomax
358:New Masses
339:), urging
283:Josh White
275:Alan Lomax
153:folk music
125:Josh White
2055:Sing Out!
1113:, p. 28).
996:(Boston:
850:Sing Out!
839:, p. 19.)
810:(meaning
808:dictators
801:President
778:Ed Cray,
552:seditious
542:In 1942,
395:Roosevelt
287:Burl Ives
240:Will Geer
131:Burl Ives
2240:Lee Hays
2123:(father)
1628:(cousin)
1039:Archived
980:, p. 22)
962:, p. 19.
875:Pacifism
546:and the
530:Jim Crow
411:John Doe
291:Sam Gary
260:Arkansas
228:Lee Hays
179:and pro-
173:anti-war
161:Lee Hays
137:Sam Gary
95:Lee Hays
2327:Related
2155:(uncle)
2030:Related
1530:Vol. II
1475:Related
1274:Discogs
1217:, 2002.
820:embargo
678:Singles
490:General
432:strikes
203:History
197:fascism
74:Keynote
2319:(1982)
2300:(1963)
2292:(1957)
2099:(wife)
2089:Family
2018:(with
1610:(wife)
1601:Family
956:Senate
812:Stalin
384:DuPont
234:, and
70:Labels
50:Genres
40:Origin
2002:Other
1812:Songs
1752:At 89
1616:(son)
818:arms
732:Notes
665:, by
538:done.
459:labor
332:draft
181:union
2308:Film
586:and
468:Time
444:Army
382:and
246:and
147:The
54:Folk
1107:CBS
1078:BBC
970:was
767:CIO
548:FBI
488:on
343:in
277:),
209:CIO
2356::
1141:.
1049:."
476:,
351:,
312:.
293:.
250:.
230:,
226:,
175:,
163:,
159:,
2213:e
2206:t
2199:v
2022:)
1905:"
1901:"
1898:"
1894:"
1891:"
1887:"
1881:"
1878:"
1874:"
1871:"
1867:"
1864:"
1860:"
1857:"
1853:"
1850:"
1846:"
1843:"
1839:"
1836:"
1832:"
1829:"
1825:"
1822:"
1818:"
1673:e
1666:t
1659:v
1593:"
1589:"
1586:"
1582:"
1539:)
1518:"
1514:"
1511:"
1507:"
1302:e
1295:t
1288:v
1151:.
983:.
908:.
769:)
20:)
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