220:"claims that he concocted the idea of persuading Thailand to cooperate fully with China in its efforts to rebuild the Khmer Rouge. In the spring of 1979, Brzezinski says, he used the visit of Thailand's foreign minister to press forward his plans." Becker has quoted Brzezinski as saying "I encouraged the Chinese to support Pol Pot. I encouraged the Thai to help the D.K. ... we could never support him but China could." However, in 1998, Brzezinski stated: "The Chinese were aiding Pol Pot, but without any help or arrangement from the United States. Moreover, we told the Chinese explicitly that in our view Pol Pot was an abomination and that the United States would have nothing to do with him—directly or indirectly." In a New York Times obituary for Brzezinski after his death in 2017, he was described as "tacitly encouraging" China's backing of the Khmer Rouge.
313:(KPNLF) and Armee Nationale Sihanouk (ANS) insurgents, which rarely cooperated with the Khmer Rouge on the battlefield, despite being coalition partners, and which fought with the Khmer Rouge dozens of times prior to 1987. According to Thayer, "In months spent in areas controlled by the three resistance groups and during scores of encounters with the Khmer Rouge ... I never once encountered aid given to the in use by or in possession of the Khmer Rouge."
141:—in which the Khmer Rouge systematically killed the entire population of a Vietnamese village of over 3,000 people, with the exception of one woman who survived being shot in the neck and clubbed, causing her to suffer painful headaches for the rest of her life; before being killed, many of the victims were "barbarously tortured". These attacks killed over 30,000 Vietnamese in total.
337:(INR) "found some leakage—including sharing of ammunition, joint defense of a bridge, and using one truck to transport both 'noncommunist' and Khmer Rouge fighters to a fight." Fingar was dismissive of his own investigators' report, which he characterized as an "epiphenomenon in a flea circus": "Isn't the larger objective here defeating the Vietnamese puppets in Phnom Penh?"
302:, who recalled: "ASEAN wanted elections but the U.S. supported the return of a genocidal regime. Did any of you imagine that the U.S. once had in effect supported genocide?" Kausikan described the disagreement between the U.S. and ASEAN over the Khmer Rouge as reaching the threshold that the U.S. threatened Singapore with "blood on the floor".
294:(ASEAN) for disarming the Khmer Rouge by ensuring the Khmer Rouge stayed armed, and that U.S. efforts for merging the Khmer Rouge with allied factions resulted in the formation of the CGDK. After 1982, the U.S. increased its annual covert aid to the Cambodian resistance from $ 4 million to $ 10 million. Haas's account is corroborated by
258:"), replied: "As far as devils are concerned, the U.S.A. also supports the Khmer Rouge. Even before the forming of the Coalition Government in 1982, the U.S. each year voted in favor of the Khmer Rouge regime. ... The U.S.A. says that it is against the Khmer Rouge, that it is pro-Sihanouk, pro-
230:
told the Thai foreign minister: "You should tell the
Cambodians that we will be friends with them. They are murderous thugs but we won't let that stand in our way." In a 1998 interview, Kissinger said: "some countries, the Chinese in particular supported Pol Pot as a counterweight to the Vietnamese
107:, who were heavily supported by the U.S., including a massive bombing campaign against the Khmer Rouge until 1973. North Vietnam, who had many soldiers in Cambodia, and China were the primary backers of the Khmer Rouge during the civil war. Between 1975 and 1979, the Khmer Rouge perpetrated the
149:
for the victims at Ba ChĂşc and convincing the PRK to do the same for the Khmer Rouge's
Cambodian victims; the Khmer Rouge's most notorious prison, S-21—which held 20,000 prisoners, "all but seven" of whom were killed—was revealed in May 1979 and eventually turned into the
290:, despite publicly condemning the Khmer Rouge, the U.S. offered military support to the organization and was instrumental in preventing UN recognition of the Vietnam-aligned government. Haas argued that the U.S. and China responded to efforts from the
144:
Vietnam ousted the Khmer Rouge and ended the genocide in a mere 17 days, and
Vietnamese troops occupied Cambodia for the next eleven years. Following the invasion, Vietnam attempted to publicize the crimes of the Khmer Rouge, establishing an
270:
According to Tom
Fawthrop, U.S. support for the Khmer Rouge guerrillas in the 1980s was "pivotal" to keeping the organization alive, and was in part motivated by revenge over the U.S. defeat during the
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continued to allow the Khmer Rouge "to trade and move across the Thai border to sustain their activities ... although international criticism, particularly from the U.S. and
137:(PRK) led by Khmer Rouge defectors. Vietnam's invasion was motivated by repeated cross-border attacks by the Khmer Rouge that targeted Vietnamese civilians, including the
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As a result of
Chinese and Western opposition to the Vietnamese invasion and occupation of Cambodia, the Khmer Rouge, rather than the PRK, was allowed to hold Cambodia's
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stated that "charges made the rounds that some of the
American aid, $ 215 million so far, was finding its way to the Khmer Rouge." A subsequent investigation led by
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didn't want the
Vietnamese to dominate. I don't believe we did anything for Pol Pot. But I suspect we closed our eyes when some others did something for Pol Pot."
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was torn between revulsion at the atrocities of the Khmer Rouge and concern with the possibility of growing
Vietnamese influence should the Khmer Rouge collapse.
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recounted that "The United States has scrupulously avoided any direct involvement in aiding the Khmer Rouge", instead providing non-lethal aid to non-communist
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and said he "would not have dealt with Pol Pot for any purpose whatsoever." He further said: "The Thais and the
Chinese did not want a Vietnamese-dominated
200:(CGDK). Owing to Chinese, U.S., and Western support, the Khmer Rouge-dominated CGDK held Cambodia's UN seat until 1993, long after the Cold War had ended.
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Kiernan, "The Pol Pot Regime: Race, Power and Genocide under the Khmer Rouge (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003), xi, note 3
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was the main international patron of the Khmer Rouge, supplying "more than 15,000 military advisers" and most of its external aid.
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to provide military support for the Khmer Rouge. There have also been related allegations by several sources, notably
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and ruled just a small part of the country. It has also been reported that the U.S. encouraged the government of
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52:, which claim that the U.S. directly armed the Khmer Rouge in order to weaken the influence of Vietnam and the
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Locard, Henri (March 2005). "State Violence in Democratic Kampuchea (1975–1979) and Retribution (1979–2004)".
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154:, although there were well over 150 Khmer Rouge death camps "on the same model, at least one per district".
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China's Expansion Into the Western Hemisphere: Implications for Latin America and the United States
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Although U.S. policy was to provide support to "15,000 ineffective 'noncommunist' rebel fighters",
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196:(UN) seat until 1982. After 1982, the UN seat was filled by a Khmer Rouge-dominated coalition—the
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The Pol Pot Regime: Race, Power, and Genocide in Cambodia Under the Khmer Rouge, 1975-79
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your critics would say ... that you would sleep with the Devil to achieve your end
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36:(UN) seat until as late as 1993, long after the Khmer Rouge had been mostly deposed by
858:"Zbigniew Brzezinski, National Security Advisor to President Jimmy Carter, Dies at 89"
801:"Death of Pol Pot: The Diplomacy; Pol Pot's End Won't Stop U.S. Pursuit of His Circle"
425:"Zbigniew Brzezinski, National Security Advisor to President Jimmy Carter, Dies at 89"
411:"Death of Pol Pot: The Diplomacy; Pol Pot's End Won't Stop U.S. Pursuit of His Circle"
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Getting Away With Genocide: Cambodia's Long Struggle Against the Khmer Rouge
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at least tolerated it." Kissinger said he didn't approve of this due to the
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Kurlantzick, Joshua (2008). "China's Growing Influence in Southeast Asia".
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When the War was Over: The Voices of Cambodia's Revolution and its People
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dump of 500,000 U.S. diplomatic cables from 1978 shows that the
262:. But the devils, they are there with Sihanouk and Son Sann."
111:, which killed between 1.5 and 2 million people, nearly 25% of
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967:
Parkinson, Charles; Cuddy, Alice; Pye, Daniel (May 29, 2015).
116:
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Cambodia, Pol Pot, and the United States: The Faustian Pact
1025:"S China Sea 'an existential issue to legitimise CCP rule'"
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626:"MEANWHILE: When the Khmer Rouge came to kill in Vietnam"
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254:, when asked about charges of opportunism in May 1987 ("
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Cambodia's Curse: The Modern History of a Troubled Land
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756:"Cambodia: U.S. bombing, civil war, & Khmer Rouge"
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To punish Vietnam for overthrowing the Khmer Rouge,
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831:"Pol Pot's Evil Had Many Faces; China Acted Alone"
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449:"Pol Pot's Evil Had Many Faces; China Acted Alone"
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1335:(1991). "Cambodia: Misperceptions and Peace".
60:. These allegations have been disputed by the
529:"How the West Missed the Horrors of Cambodia"
198:Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea
26:Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea
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115:'s population. During the genocide,
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335:Bureau of Intelligence and Research
95:, came to power in 1975 during the
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527:Beachler, Donald (2016-09-05).
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42:Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia
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470:"Zbigniew Brzezinski obituary"
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135:People's Republic of Kampuchea
24:and the Khmer Rouge-dominated
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131:invaded Cambodia in late 1978
91:, the communist party led by
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1374:United States foreign policy
893:"Henry Kissinger on Pol Pot"
856:Lewis, Daniel (2017-05-26).
423:Lewis, Daniel (2017-05-26).
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1033:. Singapore. March 31, 2016
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167:International Monetary Fund
10:
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1210:European Review of History
1089:Becker, Elizabeth (1986).
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926:Weiner, Debra (May 1987).
372:CIA activities in Cambodia
152:Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum
99:, which was linked to the
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1351:10.1080/01636609109477687
1309:Vietnam, Past and Present
1259:PoKempner, Dinah (1995).
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367:Cambodian genocide denial
214:National Security Advisor
1394:Cambodian–Vietnamese War
1338:The Washington Quarterly
1305:SarDesai, D. R. (1998).
1054:, pp. 180, 187–189.
352:Cambodia–China relations
208:According to journalist
174:1991 Paris Peace Accords
204:U.S. diplomatic support
1142:Fawthrop, Tom (2004).
760:World Peace Foundation
377:Operation Freedom Deal
362:Cambodian coup of 1970
1288:Brookings Institution
1190:Yale University Press
1002:, pp. 17, 28–29.
969:"The Pol Pot dilemma"
231:supported people and
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827:Brzezinski, Zbigniew
445:Brzezinski, Zbigniew
133:and established the
103:. They defeated the
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123:Vietnamese invasion
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1252:2021-10-31 at the
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863:The New York Times
836:The New York Times
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454:The New York Times
430:The New York Times
416:The New York Times
225:Secretary of State
188:Cambodia's UN seat
109:Cambodian genocide
64:and by journalist
1324:978-0-813-34308-2
1297:978-0-815-77554-6
1274:978-1-564-32150-3
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898:Charlie Rose
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762:. 2015-08-07
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288:Michael Haas
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1384:Allegations
1369:Khmer Rouge
1148:Pluto Press
1066:, pp.
1052:Thayer 1991
780:Becker 1986
737:, pp.
717:, pp.
697:, pp.
677:, pp.
663:Locard 2005
603:, pp.
554:Locard 2005
307:Nate Thayer
296:Singaporean
273:Vietnam War
101:Vietnam War
89:Khmer Rouge
66:Nate Thayer
22:Khmer Rouge
1363:Categories
985:August 29,
981:, Cambodia
979:Phnom Penh
909:2017-07-16
869:2017-07-12
842:2017-07-12
812:2017-07-12
782:, p.
766:2019-08-05
637:2017-07-21
584:, p.
568:, p.
540:2017-07-16
513:, p.
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388:References
172:After the
72:Background
1241:144712717
1219:CiteSeerX
1012:Haas 1991
1000:Haas 1991
651:Haas 1991
393:Citations
298:diplomat
277:WikiLeaks
241:Indochina
182:Australia
1250:Archived
1184:(2014).
1174:ABC-CLIO
1168:(1991).
1119:(2011).
1037:July 19,
341:See also
260:Son Sann
237:genocide
178:Thailand
113:Cambodia
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1290:Press.
1082:Sources
937:Playboy
930:Playboy
903:Channel
901:YouTube
329:of the
147:ossuary
128:Vietnam
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1030:Today
117:China
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1319:ISBN
1292:ISBN
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1194:ISBN
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1129:ISBN
1103:ISBN
1039:2017
987:2016
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