2433:
1025:
435:
984:
960:
992:
38:
976:
1014:
155:
949:
261:
1039:
1003:
342:. Stratification can be permanent, or with seasonal mixing. The depth of the oxic/anoxic interface separating the two layers varies from a few centimeters to near the bottom sediments, depending on local conditions. In either case, it represents an important barrier, both physically and between strongly contrasting biochemical conditions.
535:. Culture-independent genetic surveys have shown that soda lakes contain an unusually high amount of alkaliphilic microorganisms with low genetic similarity to known species. This indicates a long evolutionary history of adaptation to these habitats with few new species from other environments becoming adapted over time.
425:
are a particularly preferred food source for these birds, owing to their large cell size and high nutritional value. Declines in East
African soda lake productivity due to rising water levels threaten this food source. This may force lesser flamingos to move north and south, away from the equator.
866:
instead derive their energy from oxidation of the sulfide reaching the oxygenated layers of soda lakes. Some of these are photosynthetic sulfur phototrophs, which means that they also require light to derive energy. Examples of alkaliphilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria are the genera
215:
In order for a lake to become alkalic, a special combination of geographical, geological and climatic conditions are required. First of all, a suitable topography is needed, that limits the outflow of water from the lake. When the outflow is completely prevented, this is called an
3842:
Vidaković, Danijela; Krizmanić, Jelena; Dojčinović, Biljana P.; Pantelić, Ana; Gavrilović, Bojan; Živanović, Milica; Novaković, Boris; Ćirić, Miloš (May 2019). "Alkaline soda Lake Velika
Rusanda (Serbia): the first insight into diatom diversity of this extreme saline lake".
569:
499:. This is a major advantage, as culturing of novel microorganisms is a laborious technique known to seriously bias the outcome of diversity studies, since only about one in a hundred organisms can be cultured using standard techniques. For microorganisms, the
538:
In-depth genetic surveys also show an unusually low overlap in the microbial community present, between soda lakes with slightly different conditions such as pH and salinity. This trend is especially strong in the bottom layer
369:, particularly in those with more "extreme" conditions (higher alkalinity and salinity, or lower oxygen content). However, a rich diversity of eukaryotic algae, protists and fungi have also been encountered in many soda lakes.
508:
gene clone libraries revealed that the bacterial community of the lake with the highest salinity was characterized by a higher recent accelerated diversification than the community of a freshwater lake, whereas the
95:
lakes as well. High pH and salinity often coincide, because of how soda lakes develop. The resulting hypersaline and highly alkalic soda lakes are considered some of the most extreme aquatic environments on Earth.
2857:
Dong, H.; Zhang, G.; Jiang, H.; Yu, B.; Chapman, L. R.; Lucas, C. R.; Fields, M. W. (2006). "Microbial
Diversity in Sediments of Saline Qinghai Lake, China: Linking Geochemical Controls to Microbial Ecology".
257:. The rate at which carbonate salts are dissolved into the lake water also depends on the surrounding geology and can in some cases lead to relatively high alkalinity even in lakes with significant outflow.
503:
is typically targeted, due to its good properties such as existence in all cellular organisms and ability to be used as a "molecular clock" to trace the evolutionary history of an organism. For instance,
480:(appearance) of algae and other organisms may also vary from lake to lake, depending on local conditions, making their identification more difficult, which has probably led to several instances of
122:), have been measured. This makes them the most productive aquatic environments on Earth. An important reason for the high productivity is the virtually unlimited availability of dissolved
525:
In addition to their rich biodiversity, soda lakes often harbour many unique species, adapted to alkalic conditions and unable to live in environments with neutral pH. These are called
3871:
3812:
Cangemi, Marianna; Censi, Paolo; Reimer, Andreas; D'Alessandro, Walter; Hause-Reitner, Dorothea; Madonia, Paolo; Oliveri, Ygor; Pecoraino, Giovannella; Reitner, Joachim (April 2016).
2413:
which has applications in lithium storage batteries widely used in modern electronic gadgets and electrically powered automobiles. Water of some soda lakes are rich in dissolved
513:
in the hypersaline lake was lower than that in a freshwater lake. Culture-independent surveys have revealed that the diversity of microorganisms in soda lakes is very high, with
472:, identification has been hindered by the fact that many soda lakes harbour poorly studied species, unique to these relatively unusual habitats and in many cases thought to be
354:
with visible colouration in many lakes. The colour varies between particular lakes, depending on their predominant life forms and can range from green to orange or red.
350:
A rich diversity of microbial life inhabit soda lakes, often in dense concentrations. This makes them unusually productive ecosystems and leads to permanent or seasonal
807:
have been found in soda lake sediments. When the resulting methane reaches the aerobic water of a soda lake, it can be consumed by methane-oxidizing bacteria such as
495:
to study the diversity of organisms in soda lakes. These methods are based on DNA extracted directly from the environment and thus do not require microorganisms to be
3497:
Hsieh, T. H.; Chen, J. J. J.; Chen, L. H.; Chiang, P. T.; Lee, H. Y. (2011). "Time-course gait analysis of hemiparkinsonian rats following 6-hydroxydopamine lesion".
589:
provides the primary energy source for life in soda lakes and this process dominates the activity at the surface. The most important photosynthesizers are typically
3372:
Carini, Stephen A.; Joye, Samantha B. (2008). "Nitrification in Mono Lake, California: Activity and community composition during contrasting hydrological regimes".
460:
In general, the microbial biodiversity of soda lakes is relatively poorly studied. Many studies have focused on the primary producers, namely the photosynthesizing
551:
dictates that most microbial species are cosmopolitan and dispersed globally, thanks to their enormous population sizes, a famous hypothesis first formulated by
402:), are also found in many of the less extreme soda lakes, adapted to the extreme conditions of these alkalic and often saline environments. Particularly in the
746:, and more. The stepwise anaerobic fermentation of organic compounds originating from the primary producers, results in one-carbon (C1) compounds such as
3555:"Low Taxon Richness of Bacterioplankton in High-Altitude Lakes of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau, with a Predominance of Bacteroidetes and Synechococcus spp"
3948:
3740:"Planktonic bacterial community composition of an extremely shallow soda pond during a phytoplankton bloom revealed by cultivation and molecular cloning"
3883:
543:) of stratified lakes, probably because of the isolated character of such environments. Diversity data from soda lakes suggest the existence of many
141:. The pH of most freshwater lakes is on the alkaline side of neutrality and many exhibit similar water chemistries to soda lakes, only less extreme.
662:
process or if these require organic carbon from cyanobacterial blooms, occurring during periods of heavy rainfall that dilute the surface waters.
3995:
3205:"Deep underwater seismic explosion experiments and their possible ecological impact – the case of Lake Arenguade – Central Ethiopian highlands"
3457:
Yuretich, R. F.; Cerling, T. E. (1983). "Hydrogeochemistry of Lake
Turkana, Kenya: Mass balance and mineral reactions in an alkaline lake".
283:. Otherwise, dissolved magnesium (Mg) or calcium (Ca) will quickly remove the carbonate ions, through the precipitation of minerals such as
253:
arise through evaporation of the lake water. This requires suitable climatic conditions, in order for the inflow to balance outflow through
3320:"Molecular diversity of methanogens and identification of Methanolobus sp. as active methylotrophic Archaea in Lonar crater lake sediments"
2711:
Byrne, Aidan; Tebbs, Emma J.; Njoroge, Peter; Nkwabi, Ally; Chadwick, Michael A.; Freeman, Robin; Harper, David; Norris, Ken (2024-04-12).
1050:
The following table lists some examples of soda lakes by region, listing country, pH and salinity. NA indicates 'data not available':
3947:
Zorz, Jackie K.; Sharp, Christine; Kleiner, Manuel; Gordon, Paul M.K.; Pon, Richard T.; Dong, Xiaoli; Strous, Marc (September 2019).
3814:"Carbonate precipitation in the alkaline lake Specchio di Venere (Pantelleria Island, Italy) and the possible role of microbial mats"
3996:"Geo-chemical Behavior of Uranium in the Sambhar Salt Lake, Rajasthan (India): Implications to "Source" of Salt and Uranium "Sink""
3707:"Characterization of photoautotrophic picoplankton assemblages in turbid, alkaline lakes of the Carpathian Basin (Central Europe)"
303:, which is very rich in Mg. In some soda lakes, inflow of Ca through subterranean seeps, can lead to localized precipitation. In
79:(and related salt complexes), giving rise to their alkalinity. In addition, many soda lakes also contain high concentrations of
3878:(The Malham Tarn Research Seminar, 16–18 November 2001). Past, present, future. Monitoring and Managing Change at Malham Tarn.
500:
2530:
2978:"Molecular analyses of microbial diversity associated with the Lonar soda lake in India: An impact crater in a basalt area"
3781:
Rusznyák, Anna; Vladar, Péter; Szabó, Gitta; Márialigeti, Károly; Borsodi, Andrea K (2008). "Bacterial diversity of reed (
3611:
2765:
Barberán, A.; Casamayor, E. O. (2010). "Euxinic
Freshwater Hypolimnia Promote Bacterial Endemicity in Continental Areas".
2461:
3638:"Environmental impact assessment of the national large solar telescope project and its ecological impact in Merak area"
3739:
202:
184:
3738:
Borsodi, Andrea K; Knáb, Mónika; Czeibert, Katalin; Márialigeti, Károly; Vörös, Lajos; Somogyi, Boglárka (2013).
3067:
2456:
2976:
Wani, A. A.; Surakasi, V. P.; Siddharth, J.; Raghavan, R. G.; Patole, M. S.; Ranade, D.; Shouche, Y. S. (2006).
3686:
2654:"Surprising Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Diversity, Community Structure and Biogeography of Ethiopian Soda Lakes"
2521:
Grant, W. D. (2006). "Alkaline
Environments and Biodiversity". In Gerday, Charles; Glansdorff, Nicolas (eds.).
180:
3636:
T.V. Ramachandra; Rao, K. Sankara; Boominathan, M.; Mahapatra, Durga Madhab; Bhat, Harish R. (February 2011).
3244:
Zavarzin GA, Zhilina TN, Kevbrin VV (1999). "Alkaliphilic microbial community and its functional diversity".
2555:
547:
microbial species, unique to individual lakes. This is a controversial finding, since conventional wisdom in
17:
3687:состав рассолов и минеральная зональность донных отложений содовых озер КулундинскОЙ степИ (Западная Сибирь)
3121:"Do Patterns of Bacterial Diversity along Salinity Gradients Differ from Those Observed for Macroorganisms?"
2918:"Geographic distance and pH drive bacterial distribution in alkaline lake sediments across Tibetan Plateau"
2815:"Temporal bacterial diversity and detection of putative methanotrophs in surface mats of Lonar crater lake"
2609:
932:. However, ammonia oxidation seems to be efficiently carried out in soda lakes in either case, probably by
3813:
2916:
Xiong, J.; Liu, Y.; Lin, X.; Zhang, H.; Zeng, J.; Hou, J.; Yang, Y.; Yao, T.; Knight, R.; Chu, H. (2012).
920:, a nitrogen-containing waste product from degradation of dead cells, can be lost from soda lakes through
275:
Another critical geological condition for the formation of a soda lake is the relative absence of soluble
3661:
Ubaskin, A; Kassanova, A; Lunkov, A; Ahmetov, K; Almagambetova, K; Erzhanov, N; Abylkhassanov, T (2020).
3267:
gen. nov. And sp. Nov., an alkaliphilic purple nonsulfur bacterium from
African Rift Valley soda lakes".
2322:
2011:
323:
3662:
856:. These also play important an ecological role besides in the cycling of sulfur, as they also consume
176:
31:
3637:
3612:"Glacial and lake fluctuations in the area of the west Kunlun mountains during the last 45000 years"
3394:
118:(grams of carbon per square meter per day), over 16 times the global average for lakes and streams (
2394:
899:
very important for their ecological functioning. One possible source of bio-available nitrogen is
824:
295:, effectively neutralizing the pH of the lake water. This results in a neutral (or slightly basic)
165:
107:
388:
169:
2409:), etc. are extracted in large quantities. Lithium carbonate is a raw material in production of
4032:
3389:
675:
670:
510:
100:
1915:
517:(number of species present) of individual lakes often rivaling that of freshwater ecosystems.
4027:
3879:
238:
have outlets but also have the characteristics of soda lakes, and Lake
Tanganyika even grows
3663:"Hydrochemical Research and Geochemical Classification of Salt Lakes in the Pavlodar Region"
1024:
3566:
3466:
3381:
3331:
3276:
3216:
3178:
3132:
2929:
2867:
2724:
2665:
2567:
2299:
2143:
1673:
669:
for photosynthesis also contribute to primary production in many soda lakes. These include
552:
477:
434:
8:
2180:
933:
319:
3570:
3470:
3385:
3335:
3280:
3220:
3136:
2933:
2871:
2728:
2669:
2571:
406:, microorganisms in soda lakes also provide the main food source for vast flocks of the
3973:
3922:
3587:
3554:
3532:
3506:
3407:
3300:
3155:
3120:
3098:
2950:
2917:
2891:
2790:
2713:"Productivity declines threaten East African soda lakes and the iconic Lesser Flamingo"
2688:
2653:
2263:
983:
844:. As opposed to neutral lakes, the high pH prohibits the release of hydrogen sulfide (H
705:
605:
can also dominate. Major genera of cyanobacteria typically found in soda lakes include
488:
481:
357:
Compared to freshwater ecosystems, life in soda lakes is often completely dominated by
292:
3043:
3018:
3785:) periphyton communities of Kelemen-szék and Nagy-Vadas (two Hungarian soda ponds)".
3754:
3592:
3536:
3524:
3478:
3439:
3349:
3344:
3319:
3292:
3186:
3160:
3090:
3048:
2999:
2955:
2941:
2883:
2836:
2782:
2742:
2693:
2536:
2526:
2525:. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems Vol. 1. Oxford: Eolss Publishers Co.; UNESCO.
2414:
2378:
2074:
2052:
1562:
1531:
1486:
892:
548:
505:
403:
138:
45:
3926:
3304:
3102:
2895:
3968:
3960:
3914:
3852:
3794:
3718:
3582:
3574:
3516:
3474:
3411:
3399:
3339:
3284:
3224:
3150:
3140:
3082:
3038:
3034:
3030:
2989:
2945:
2937:
2875:
2826:
2794:
2774:
2732:
2683:
2673:
2617:
2575:
2098:
2078:
2056:
2036:
1771:
848:
S) in gas form. Genera of alkaliphilic sulfur-reducers found in soda lakes include
701:
685:
514:
92:
84:
76:
2813:
Surakasi, V. P.; Antony, C. P.; Sharma, S.; Patole, M. S.; Shouche, Y. S. (2010).
2621:
3145:
2994:
2977:
2678:
2094:
2032:
1610:
1228:
781:
742:
734:
680:
438:
407:
235:
217:
80:
3229:
3204:
2377:
Many water-soluble chemicals are extracted from the soda lake waters worldwide.
3964:
3856:
1749:
1734:
1481:
1335:
1119:
1017:
921:
907:
896:
803:
775:
738:
710:
666:
586:
492:
123:
111:
3798:
3520:
3403:
3086:
2879:
2778:
2737:
2712:
2579:
2556:"Photosynthetic rates of phytoplankton in East African alkaline, saline lakes"
4021:
3758:
3723:
3706:
3443:
2540:
2402:
1884:
1182:
925:
903:
718:
700:
The photosynthesizing bacteria provide a food source for a vast diversity of
630:
590:
461:
446:
331:
3190:
665:
Below the surface, anoxygenic photosynthesizers using other substances than
3596:
3528:
3353:
3296:
3164:
3094:
3052:
3003:
2959:
2887:
2840:
2831:
2814:
2786:
2746:
2697:
2446:
2438:
2113:
2015:
1656:
1448:
1383:
1367:
1305:
1212:
1028:
1006:
991:
937:
910:. However, many of the dominant cyanobacteria found in soda lakes such as
793:
787:
730:
726:
714:
694:
648:
639:
496:
377:
239:
3288:
2342:
3578:
2418:
2406:
2382:
1992:
1960:
1833:
1640:
1578:
1464:
1399:
1275:
1259:
1243:
1150:
1043:
959:
952:
912:
766:
762:
751:
606:
598:
574:
540:
527:
450:
415:
351:
335:
254:
99:
In spite of their apparent inhospitability, soda lakes are often highly
37:
3705:
Felföldi, T. S.; Somogyi, B. R.; Márialigeti, K. R.; Vörös, L. (2009).
3635:
3263:
Milford, A. D.; Achenbach, L. A.; Jung, D. O.; Madigan, M. T. (2000). "
2279:
2243:
2239:
2223:
2164:
1849:
1678:
1594:
1415:
1351:
1166:
1076:
968:
964:
900:
469:
373:
358:
327:
269:
246:
221:
41:
30:
This article is about soda lakes in general. For lakes named Soda, see
3918:
2652:
Lanzén, A; Simachew, A; Gessesse, A; Chmolowska, D; Øvreås, L (2013).
975:
3949:"A shared core microbiome in soda lakes separated by large distances"
2259:
2219:
995:
722:
658:
656:
dominate photosynthesis. However, it is not clear whether this is an
594:
398:
304:
296:
288:
276:
265:
231:
103:
88:
72:
3841:
3019:"Metagenomics: application of genomics to uncultured microorganisms"
1013:
154:
2451:
2398:
1865:
948:
857:
758:
747:
555:
in 1934 ("Everything is everywhere, but the environment selects").
544:
473:
429:
362:
308:
300:
250:
71:
between 9 and 12. They are characterized by high concentrations of
64:
3811:
3640:(EIA study near Pangong Tso lake, India. CES Technical Report 123)
3511:
3185:(in German), The Hague, Netherlands: W.P. Van Stockum & Zoon,
487:
Recently, a number of studies have used molecular methods such as
2410:
2390:
2201:
1976:
1090:
1038:
929:
917:
841:
837:
829:
770:
643:
384:
366:
339:
284:
280:
260:
2651:
3905:
Allan
Pentecost (2009). "The Marl Lakes of the British Isles".
3704:
2386:
2303:
2283:
2205:
2184:
2147:
1490:
1002:
833:
3780:
3737:
133:), typically in arid and semi-arid areas and in connection to
3660:
2975:
1788:
1753:
1032:
840:(S). Anoxic layers of soda lakes are therefore often rich in
454:
3262:
2421:
is carried out on a commercial scale with soda lake water.
928:, in which ammonia is "recycled" to the bio-available form
779:. A diversity of methanogens including the archaeal genera
393:
312:
225:
134:
60:
3317:
2812:
568:
501:
phylogenetic marker gene small subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA
106:, compared to their (pH-neutral) freshwater counterparts.
828:
are common in anoxic layers of soda lakes. These reduce
2710:
68:
3946:
3610:
Chaohai, Liu; Li, Shijie; Yafeng, Shi (January 1992).
3243:
2481:
3209:
Limnologica - Ecology and
Management of Inland Waters
860:, resulting from the fermentation of organic matter.
531:. Organisms also adapted to high salinity are called
129:
Soda lakes occur naturally throughout the world (see
3318:
Antony CP, Colin Murrell J, Shouche YS (July 2012).
2428:
906:, which can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere during
144:
3496:
2608:Kempe, Stephan; Kazmierczak, Józef (January 2011).
895:for growth in many soda lakes, making the internal
769:use these compounds to derive energy, by producing
338:), without oxygen and often high concentrations of
311:, Turkey, such precipitation has formed columns of
230:There are exceptions to the "no outlet" rule: both
3876:) at Craven limestone complex SAC, North Yorkshire
708:organotrophic microorganisms from phyla including
3202:
2764:
4019:
3068:"A renaissance for the pioneering 16S rRNA gene"
3065:
2915:
2856:
2607:
979:2010 satellite image of Sambhar Salt Lake, India
430:Microbial diversity surveys and species richness
3904:
3609:
3456:
3438:, 59. Hingham, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
886:
963:Astronaut photograph of the mostly dry bed of
520:
3898:
3203:Girma, M. B.; Kifle, D.; Jebessa, H. (2012).
2612:. In Joachim Reitner and Volker Thiel (ed.).
3177:
3016:
2553:
228:often provide such topological depressions.
3776:
3774:
3731:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3183:Geobiologie of inleiding tot de milieukunde
2603:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2595:
468:). As studies have traditionally relied on
183:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3993:
3552:
3371:
3010:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2760:
2758:
2756:
916:are probably not able to fix nitrogen.
3972:
3722:
3586:
3553:Xing, P.; Hahn, M. W.; Wu, Q. L. (2009).
3510:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3393:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3343:
3228:
3154:
3144:
3042:
2993:
2949:
2830:
2736:
2687:
2677:
593:, but in many less "extreme" soda lakes,
484:confusions in the scientific literature.
203:Learn how and when to remove this message
3994:Yadav, D. N.; Sarin, M. M. (June 2009).
3771:
3691:
3485:
3237:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2592:
1037:
1023:
1012:
1001:
990:
982:
974:
958:
947:
924:because of the high pH. This can hinder
567:
433:
259:
36:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3869:
3863:
3548:
3546:
3256:
3114:
3112:
2971:
2969:
2801:
2753:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2500:
476:, i.e. existing only in one lake. The
130:
14:
4020:
3656:
3654:
3559:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
3429:
3418:
3360:
3311:
3118:
3059:
2852:
2850:
3196:
2902:
2628:
2547:
2520:
943:
67:side of neutrality, typically with a
3933:
3543:
3109:
2966:
2497:
2467:
181:adding citations to reliable sources
148:
3651:
3432:Saline lake ecosystems of the world
2847:
2482:"Geology, geochemistry and genesis"
2462:List of bodies of water by salinity
24:
3680:
414:). The cyanobacteria of the genus
25:
4044:
2616:. pp. 824-829 (see p. 825).
2372:
465:
145:Geology, geochemistry and genesis
3667:IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.
3430:Hammer, Ulrich Theodore (1986).
3345:10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01274.x
3066:Tringe SG, Hugenholtz P (2008).
2942:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02799.x
2431:
153:
3987:
3835:
3805:
3629:
3603:
3459:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
3450:
3171:
2457:Residual sodium carbonate index
818:
757:At the bottom of lakes (in the
563:
345:
315:rising above the lake surface.
299:instead. A good example is the
3035:10.1128/mmbr.68.4.669-685.2004
2704:
2554:Melack, JM; Kilham, P (1974).
2474:
372:Multicellular animals such as
27:Lake that is strongly alkaline
13:
1:
2819:Journal of Basic Microbiology
2622:10.1007/978-1-4020-9212-1_192
2491:
998:feeding at Lake Nakuru, Kenya
642:soda lakes, haloalkaliphilic
318:Many soda lakes are strongly
3479:10.1016/0016-7037(83)90240-5
3146:10.1371/journal.pone.0027597
2995:10.1016/j.resmic.2006.08.005
2679:10.1371/journal.pone.0072577
887:Nitrogen and other nutrients
7:
3230:10.1016/j.limno.2011.12.002
2424:
1136:Lake Arenguadi (Green Lake)
572:Cyanobacteria of the genus
521:Biogeography and uniqueness
10:
4049:
3965:10.1038/s41467-019-12195-5
3870:Bradley, P. (March 2002).
3857:10.1007/s00792-019-01088-6
3499:Behavioural Brain Research
3374:Limnology and Oceanography
3179:Baas-Becking, Lourens G.M.
2922:Environmental Microbiology
2614:Encyclopedia of Geobiology
2007:
1430:
1291:Lake Sonachi (Crater Lake)
1072:
934:ammonia-oxidizing bacteria
681:purple non-sulfur bacteria
558:
32:Soda Lake (disambiguation)
29:
3874:Austropotamobius pallipes
3799:10.1007/s00792-008-0183-5
3521:10.1016/j.bbr.2011.03.031
3404:10.4319/lo.2008.53.6.2546
3087:10.1016/j.mib.2008.09.011
2880:10.1007/s00248-005-0228-6
2779:10.1007/s00248-010-9775-6
2738:10.1016/j.cub.2024.03.006
2580:10.4319/lo.1974.19.5.0743
2338:
2318:
1880:
1042:Lake Specchio di Venere,
864:Sulfur-oxidating bacteria
689:(for example the species
464:or eukaryotic algae (see
224:or depressions formed by
3724:10.4081/jlimnol.2009.385
3269:Archives of Microbiology
2982:Research in Microbiology
2395:Qinghai Salt Lake Potash
825:Sulfur-reducing bacteria
404:East African Rift Valley
139:East African Rift Valley
108:Gross primary production
46:East African Rift Valley
3872:White-clawed Crayfish (
3436:Monographiae biologicae
1723:Aksai Chin, India/China
1709:Aksai Chin, India/China
1695:Aksai Chin, India/China
1629:Aksai Chin, India/China
1615:Aksai Chin, India/China
773:, a procedure known as
389:Paradiaptomus africanus
3023:Microbiol Mol Biol Rev
2832:10.1002/jobm.201000001
1706:North Tianshuihai lake
1047:
1035:
1021:
1010:
999:
988:
980:
972:
956:
676:Ectothiorhodospiraceae
671:purple sulfur bacteria
583:
511:phylogenetic diversity
457:
272:
48:
3953:Nature Communications
3880:Field Studies Council
3289:10.1007/s002030000166
3265:Rhodobaca bogoriensis
3017:Handelsman J (2004).
2200:Kauhako Crater Lake,
1041:
1027:
1016:
1005:
994:
986:
978:
962:
951:
881:Natronhydrogenobacter
836:from dead cells into
691:Rhodobaca bogoriensis
652:and bacteria such as
571:
437:
263:
40:
3818:Applied Geochemistry
3783:Phragmites australis
3711:Journal of Limnology
3616:Annals of Glaciology
3579:10.1128/AEM.01544-09
3324:FEMS Microbiol. Ecol
1959:Specchio di Venere (
1674:Surigh Yilganing Kol
1595:Tso Moriri Salt Lake
987:Lake Eyasi, Tanzania
850:Desulfonatronovibrio
553:Lourens Baas Becking
443:Phoenicopterus minor
177:improve this section
83:and other dissolved
3571:2009ApEnM..75.7017X
3471:1983GeCoA..47.1099Y
3386:2008LimOc..53.2546C
3336:2012FEMME..81...43A
3281:2000ArMic.174...18M
3221:2012Limng..42..212G
3137:2011PLoSO...627597W
3075:Curr Opin Microbiol
2934:2012EnvMi..14.2457X
2872:2006MicEc..51...65D
2729:2024CBio...34.1786B
2670:2013PLoSO...872577L
2572:1974LimOc..19..743M
1916:Lake Fehér (Szeged)
955:, India & Tibet
877:Thioalkalimicrobium
412:Phoeniconaias minor
3907:Freshwater Reviews
3886:on 18 October 2008
2073:Last Chance Lake (
1048:
1036:
1022:
1011:
1000:
989:
981:
973:
957:
944:List of soda lakes
584:
489:DNA fingerprinting
458:
273:
49:
3919:10.1608/FRJ-2.2.4
3565:(22): 7017–7025.
2860:Microbial Ecology
2767:Microbial Ecology
2532:978-1-84826-993-4
2468:Explanatory notes
2415:uranium carbonate
2379:Lithium carbonate
2370:
2369:
2075:Bonaparte Plateau
2053:Bonaparte Plateau
2051:Goodenough Lake (
1662:India & China
1645:India & China
1579:Tso Kar Salt Lake
1563:Sambhar Salt Lake
1321:Malha Crater Lake
893:limiting nutrient
549:microbial ecology
506:16S ribosomal RNA
307:, California and
213:
212:
205:
75:salts, typically
16:(Redirected from
4040:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4000:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3976:
3944:
3931:
3930:
3902:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3882:. Archived from
3867:
3861:
3860:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3809:
3803:
3802:
3778:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3744:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3702:
3689:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3658:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3618:. pp. 79–84
3607:
3601:
3600:
3590:
3550:
3541:
3540:
3514:
3494:
3483:
3482:
3465:(6): 1099–1109.
3454:
3448:
3447:
3427:
3416:
3415:
3397:
3380:(6): 2546–2557.
3369:
3358:
3357:
3347:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3158:
3148:
3116:
3107:
3106:
3072:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3046:
3014:
3008:
3007:
2997:
2973:
2964:
2963:
2953:
2928:(9): 2457–2466.
2913:
2900:
2899:
2854:
2845:
2844:
2834:
2810:
2799:
2798:
2762:
2751:
2750:
2740:
2723:(8): 1786–1793.
2708:
2702:
2701:
2691:
2681:
2649:
2626:
2625:
2605:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2560:Limnol. Oceanogr
2551:
2545:
2544:
2518:
2485:
2478:
2441:
2436:
2435:
2434:
1890:Austria, Hungary
1838:Russia, Mongolia
1692:Tianshuihai lake
1626:Lake Hongshan Hu
1611:Aksayqin Hu Lake
1053:
1052:
869:Thioalkalivibrio
813:Methylomicrobium
686:Rhodobacteraceae
578:(synonymous to "
533:haloalkaliphiles
515:species richness
439:Lesser flamingos
264:Tufa columns at
226:tectonic rifting
208:
201:
197:
194:
188:
157:
149:
121:
117:
77:sodium carbonate
63:on the strongly
21:
4048:
4047:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4007:
4005:
3998:
3992:
3988:
3979:
3977:
3945:
3934:
3903:
3899:
3889:
3887:
3868:
3864:
3840:
3836:
3827:
3825:
3810:
3806:
3779:
3772:
3763:
3761:
3742:
3736:
3732:
3703:
3692:
3685:
3681:
3672:
3670:
3659:
3652:
3643:
3641:
3634:
3630:
3621:
3619:
3608:
3604:
3551:
3544:
3495:
3486:
3455:
3451:
3428:
3419:
3395:10.1.1.307.8534
3370:
3361:
3316:
3312:
3261:
3257:
3242:
3238:
3201:
3197:
3176:
3172:
3119:Wang J (2011).
3117:
3110:
3070:
3064:
3060:
3015:
3011:
2988:(10): 928–937.
2974:
2967:
2914:
2903:
2855:
2848:
2811:
2802:
2763:
2754:
2717:Current Biology
2709:
2705:
2650:
2629:
2606:
2593:
2584:
2582:
2552:
2548:
2533:
2519:
2498:
2494:
2489:
2488:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2437:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2375:
2129:Lake Alchichica
2095:Cariboo Plateau
2033:Cariboo Plateau
1020:lake, Indonesia
946:
889:
854:Desulfonatronum
847:
821:
782:Methanocalculus
743:Gemmatimonadota
735:Planctomycetota
566:
561:
523:
432:
408:lesser flamingo
348:
324:well-oxygenated
236:Lake Tanganyika
229:
218:endorheic basin
209:
198:
192:
189:
174:
158:
147:
119:
115:
81:sodium chloride
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4046:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4015:
4014:
3986:
3932:
3913:(1): 167–197.
3897:
3862:
3834:
3804:
3770:
3753:(4): 575–584.
3730:
3690:
3679:
3650:
3628:
3602:
3542:
3484:
3449:
3417:
3359:
3310:
3275:(1–2): 18–27.
3255:
3246:Mikrobiologiya
3236:
3215:(3): 212–219.
3195:
3170:
3131:(11): e27597.
3108:
3081:(5): 442–446.
3058:
3029:(4): 669–685.
3009:
2965:
2901:
2846:
2825:(5): 465–474.
2800:
2773:(2): 465–472.
2752:
2703:
2627:
2591:
2566:(5): 743–755.
2546:
2531:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2426:
2423:
2374:
2373:Industrial use
2371:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2320:
2319:South America
2316:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2163:Baldwin Lake,
2160:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2009:
2008:North America
2005:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1750:Kulunda Steppe
1746:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1735:Satonda Island
1731:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1484:
1482:Kartsakhi Lake
1478:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1336:Lake Balangida
1332:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1229:Empakai Crater
1225:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:Wadi El Natrun
1116:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1018:Satonda Island
945:
942:
922:volatilization
908:photosynthesis
897:nitrogen cycle
891:Nitrogen is a
888:
885:
873:Thiorhodospira
845:
820:
817:
804:Methanoculleus
776:methanogenesis
739:Actinomycetota
711:Pseudomonadota
693:isolated from
667:carbon dioxide
654:Halorhodospira
587:Photosynthesis
565:
562:
560:
557:
522:
519:
431:
428:
352:"algae blooms"
347:
344:
211:
210:
161:
159:
152:
146:
143:
135:tectonic rifts
124:carbon dioxide
114:) rates above
112:photosynthesis
87:, making them
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4045:
4034:
4033:Lakes by type
4031:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4004:
4003:Aquat Geochem
3997:
3990:
3975:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3901:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3875:
3866:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3845:Extremophiles
3838:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3808:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3787:Extremophiles
3784:
3777:
3775:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3747:Extremophiles
3741:
3734:
3725:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3688:
3683:
3669:(754): 012009
3668:
3664:
3657:
3655:
3639:
3632:
3617:
3613:
3606:
3598:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3549:
3547:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3453:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3355:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3314:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3259:
3251:
3247:
3240:
3231:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3199:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3174:
3166:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3115:
3113:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3069:
3062:
3054:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3013:
3005:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2972:
2970:
2961:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2853:
2851:
2842:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2748:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2707:
2699:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2664:(8): e72577.
2663:
2659:
2655:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2550:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2528:
2524:
2523:Extremophiles
2517:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2496:
2483:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2429:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2403:Lake Abijatta
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2357:Lake Werowrap
2356:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1885:Lake Neusiedl
1883:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:Kulunda St. (
1786:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:Kulunda St. (
1769:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1720:Tso Tang Lake
1719:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1683:
1681:, India/China
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1534:(Crater Lake)
1533:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1183:Lake Abijatta
1181:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1046:island, Italy
1045:
1040:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1015:
1008:
1004:
997:
993:
985:
977:
970:
966:
961:
954:
950:
941:
939:
935:
931:
927:
926:nitrification
923:
919:
915:
914:
909:
905:
904:cyanobacteria
902:
898:
894:
884:
882:
878:
874:
870:
865:
861:
859:
855:
851:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
826:
816:
814:
810:
809:Methylobacter
806:
805:
800:
799:Methanosalsus
796:
795:
790:
789:
784:
783:
778:
777:
772:
768:
764:
760:
755:
753:
749:
745:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
719:Spirochaetota
716:
712:
707:
703:
698:
696:
692:
688:
687:
682:
678:
677:
672:
668:
663:
661:
660:
655:
651:
650:
645:
641:
637:
633:
632:
631:Synechococcus
627:
623:
619:
615:
613:
609:
604:
602:
599:green algae (
596:
592:
591:cyanobacteria
588:
581:
577:
576:
570:
556:
554:
550:
546:
542:
536:
534:
530:
529:
518:
516:
512:
507:
502:
498:
494:
490:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
462:cyanobacteria
456:
452:
448:
447:cyanobacteria
445:) feeding on
444:
440:
436:
427:
424:
422:
418:
413:
409:
405:
401:
400:
395:
391:
390:
386:
382:
379:
376:(notably the
375:
370:
368:
364:
360:
355:
353:
343:
341:
337:
334:lower layer (
333:
329:
326:upper layer (
325:
321:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
271:
267:
262:
258:
256:
252:
248:
243:
241:
240:microbialites
237:
233:
227:
223:
219:
207:
204:
196:
193:February 2024
186:
182:
178:
172:
171:
167:
162:This section
160:
156:
151:
150:
142:
140:
136:
132:
127:
125:
120:0.6 g C m day
113:
109:
105:
102:
97:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
57:alkaline lake
54:
47:
43:
39:
33:
19:
18:Alkaline lake
4028:Saline lakes
4006:. Retrieved
4002:
3989:
3978:. Retrieved
3956:
3952:
3910:
3906:
3900:
3888:. Retrieved
3884:the original
3873:
3865:
3848:
3844:
3837:
3826:. Retrieved
3821:
3817:
3807:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3762:. Retrieved
3750:
3746:
3733:
3714:
3710:
3682:
3671:. Retrieved
3666:
3642:. Retrieved
3631:
3620:. Retrieved
3615:
3605:
3562:
3558:
3502:
3498:
3462:
3458:
3452:
3435:
3431:
3377:
3373:
3330:(1): 43–51.
3327:
3323:
3313:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3249:
3245:
3239:
3212:
3208:
3198:
3182:
3173:
3128:
3124:
3078:
3074:
3061:
3026:
3022:
3012:
2985:
2981:
2925:
2921:
2866:(1): 65–82.
2863:
2859:
2822:
2818:
2770:
2766:
2720:
2716:
2706:
2661:
2657:
2613:
2610:"Soda Lakes"
2583:. Retrieved
2563:
2559:
2549:
2522:
2476:
2447:Alkali soils
2439:Lakes portal
2376:
2345:Caldera Lake
2114:Lake Texcoco
2093:Probe Lake (
2012:Manitou Lake
1931:Kelemen-szék
1659:(Pongur Tso)
1657:Spanggur Tso
1641:Pangong Lake
1548:Namucuo Lake
1503:Khyagar Lake
1449:Qinghai Lake
1384:Momela Lakes
1368:Lake Manyara
1306:Lake Turkana
1213:Lake Bogoria
1049:
1007:Lake Turkana
953:Pangong lake
938:Thaumarchaea
911:
901:diazotrophic
890:
880:
876:
872:
868:
863:
862:
853:
849:
832:and organic
823:
822:
819:Sulfur cycle
812:
808:
802:
798:
794:Methanosaeta
792:
788:Methanolobus
786:
780:
774:
756:
731:Deinococcota
727:Thermotogota
715:Bacteroidota
709:
699:
695:Lake Bogoria
690:
684:
674:
664:
657:
653:
649:Halobacteria
647:
635:
629:
625:
622:Anabaenopsis
621:
618:A. platensis
617:
611:
607:
600:
585:
579:
573:
564:Carbon cycle
537:
532:
528:alkaliphiles
526:
524:
486:
466:Carbon cycle
459:
442:
420:
416:
411:
397:
387:
380:
378:brine shrimp
371:
356:
349:
346:Biodiversity
317:
274:
244:
214:
199:
190:
175:Please help
163:
128:
116:10 g C m day
98:
56:
52:
50:
3959:(1): 1–10.
3793:: 763–773.
2419:Algaculture
2407:Lake Natron
2383:Lake Zabuye
2323:Antofagasta
2300:Summer Lake
2144:Alkali Lake
2031:Deer Lake (
1993:Malham Tarn
1961:Pantelleria
1834:Torey Lakes
1819:Lake Khatyn
1517:Kushul lake
1465:Lake Zabuye
1434:Guozha lake
1400:Lake Natron
1276:Lake Nakuru
1260:Lake Magadi
1244:Lake Logipi
1151:Lake Basaka
1105:Rombou Lake
1044:Pantelleria
936:as well as
913:Arthrospira
767:methanogens
763:hypolimnion
752:methylamine
659:autotrophic
638:. In more
636:Chroococcus
608:Arthrospira
601:Chlorophyta
575:Arthrospira
541:hypolimnion
451:Lake Nakuru
417:Arthrospira
374:crustaceans
359:prokaryotes
336:hypolimnion
255:evaporation
131:table below
93:hypersaline
4022:Categories
4008:2024-07-05
3980:2024-07-05
3828:2024-07-05
3764:2024-07-05
3717:(2): 385.
3673:2024-07-05
3644:2024-07-05
3622:2024-07-05
3505:(1): 1–9.
3252:: 579–599.
2585:2024-07-05
2492:References
2389:(see lake
2280:Soda Lakes
2240:Owens Lake
2181:Borax Lake
1945:Nagy-Vadas
1901:Böddi-szék
1850:Lake Salda
1805:Taboos-nor
1794:Kazakhstan
1759:Kazakhstan
1679:Aksai Chin
1532:Lonar Lake
1467:(Drangyer)
1416:Lake Rukwa
1352:Lake Eyasi
1198:Lake Chitu
1167:Lake Shala
1077:Lake Ngami
965:Owens Lake
626:Cyanospira
610:(formerly
595:eukaryotes
493:sequencing
478:morphology
470:microscopy
419:(formerly
328:epilimnion
320:stratified
270:California
247:alkalinity
104:ecosystems
101:productive
42:Lake Shala
3890:19 August
3824:: 168–176
3759:1431-0651
3537:119601350
3512:1302.5809
3444:468035797
3390:CiteSeerX
2541:377806109
2360:Australia
2343:Niuafoʻou
2260:Soap Lake
2220:Mono Lake
1797:9.47-9.50
1772:Petukhovo
1762:8.89-9.16
1739:Indonesia
1068:Salinity
1056:Continent
1029:Niuafo'ou
996:Flamingos
723:Bacillota
706:anaerobic
616:(notably
612:Spirulina
580:Spirulina
482:taxonomic
421:Spirulina
399:Alcolapia
330:) and an
322:, with a
305:Mono Lake
297:salt lake
289:magnesite
277:magnesium
266:Mono Lake
245:The high
232:Lake Kivu
164:does not
137:like the
73:carbonate
53:soda lake
44:, in the
3927:86157620
3597:19767472
3529:21435355
3354:22150151
3305:12430130
3297:10985738
3191:44189670
3181:(1934),
3165:22125616
3125:PLOS ONE
3103:10552013
3095:18817891
3053:15590779
3004:17070674
2960:22676420
2896:34103123
2888:16400537
2841:20586073
2787:21107832
2747:38614083
2698:24023625
2658:PLOS ONE
2452:Dry lake
2425:See also
2399:soda ash
2339:Oceania
2121:8.8–11.5
1866:Lake Van
1808:Mongolia
1780:9.8-10.1
1540:9.5–10.5
1420:Tanzania
1410:>10%
1404:Tanzania
1388:Tanzania
1372:Tanzania
1356:Tanzania
1340:Tanzania
1327:9.5–10.3
1270:>10%
1251:9.5–10.5
1201:Ethiopia
1187:Ethiopia
1171:Ethiopia
1155:Ethiopia
1139:Ethiopia
1095:Botswana
1081:Botswana
858:hydrogen
759:sediment
748:methanol
683:such as
673:such as
646:such as
597:such as
497:cultured
383:and the
363:bacteria
309:Lake Van
301:Dead Sea
293:dolomite
251:salinity
69:pH value
65:alkaline
3974:6748926
3588:2786500
3567:Bibcode
3467:Bibcode
3412:1869692
3382:Bibcode
3332:Bibcode
3277:Bibcode
3217:Bibcode
3156:3220692
3133:Bibcode
2951:3477592
2930:Bibcode
2868:Bibcode
2795:6985343
2725:Bibcode
2689:3758324
2666:Bibcode
2568:Bibcode
2411:lithium
2391:Lop Nur
2202:Molokai
2000:8.0–8.6
1977:Rusanda
1975:Velika
1963:Island)
1948:Hungary
1934:Hungary
1920:Hungary
1910:12.34%
1907:8.8–9.8
1904:Hungary
1887:(Fertő)
1881:Europe
1873:9.7–9.8
1752:lakes (
1487:Georgia
1313:8.5–9.2
1142:9.5–9.9
1091:Sua Pan
1073:Africa
1062:Country
1009:, Kenya
930:nitrate
918:Ammonia
842:sulfide
838:sulfide
830:sulfate
771:methane
702:aerobic
644:archaea
559:Ecology
545:endemic
474:endemic
385:copepod
381:Artemia
367:archaea
361:, i.e.
340:sulfide
285:calcite
281:calcium
222:Craters
185:removed
170:sources
3971:
3925:
3757:
3595:
3585:
3535:
3527:
3442:
3410:
3392:
3352:
3303:
3295:
3189:
3163:
3153:
3101:
3093:
3051:
3044:539003
3041:
3002:
2958:
2948:
2894:
2886:
2839:
2793:
2785:
2745:
2696:
2686:
2539:
2529:
2387:potash
2132:Mexico
2118:Mexico
2104:Canada
2084:Canada
2062:Canada
2042:Canada
2020:Canada
1981:Serbia
1870:Turkey
1854:Turkey
1822:Russia
1777:Russia
1498:0.09%
1491:Turkey
1407:9–10.5
1375:9.5–10
1316:0.25%
1145:0.25%
1031:lake,
834:sulfur
640:saline
396:(e.g.
392:) and
332:anoxic
89:saline
3999:(PDF)
3923:S2CID
3851:(3).
3743:(PDF)
3533:S2CID
3507:arXiv
3408:S2CID
3301:S2CID
3099:S2CID
3071:(PDF)
2892:S2CID
2791:S2CID
2401:(see
2381:(see
2348:Tonga
2328:Chile
2274:0.7%
1966:Italy
1937:9–9.7
1893:9–9.3
1876:2.3%
1800:2.7%
1789:Uyaly
1765:5.7%
1754:Borli
1651:0.9%
1599:India
1583:India
1567:India
1557:0.2%
1551:India
1537:India
1520:India
1512:0.6%
1506:India
1470:China
1459:2.2%
1453:China
1437:China
1431:Asia
1362:0.5%
1324:Sudan
1310:Kenya
1294:Kenya
1280:Kenya
1264:Kenya
1254:2–5%
1248:Kenya
1234:Kenya
1223:3.5%
1217:Kenya
1207:5.8%
1193:3.4%
1177:1.8%
1161:0.3%
1125:Egypt
1122:lakes
1033:Tonga
971:, USA
455:Kenya
85:salts
59:is a
3892:2008
3755:ISSN
3593:PMID
3525:PMID
3440:OCLC
3350:PMID
3293:PMID
3187:OCLC
3161:PMID
3091:PMID
3049:PMID
3000:PMID
2956:PMID
2884:PMID
2837:PMID
2783:PMID
2743:PMID
2694:PMID
2537:OCLC
2527:ISBN
2480:See
2405:and
2393:and
2325:Lake
2065:10.2
1742:8.55
1394:22%
1283:10.5
1231:lake
1220:10.5
1204:10.3
1111:10.2
1108:Chad
1100:19%
1059:Name
879:and
852:and
801:and
750:and
704:and
679:and
394:fish
365:and
313:tufa
249:and
234:and
168:any
166:cite
61:lake
3969:PMC
3961:doi
3915:doi
3853:doi
3795:doi
3719:doi
3583:PMC
3575:doi
3517:doi
3503:222
3475:doi
3400:doi
3340:doi
3285:doi
3273:174
3225:doi
3151:PMC
3141:doi
3083:doi
3039:PMC
3031:doi
2990:doi
2986:157
2946:PMC
2938:doi
2876:doi
2827:doi
2775:doi
2733:doi
2684:PMC
2674:doi
2618:doi
2576:doi
2397:),
2385:),
2366:4%
2363:9.8
2334:NA
2314:NA
2294:NA
2291:9.7
2271:9.7
2254:NA
2234:8%
2231:9.8
2195:NA
2175:NA
2158:NA
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