Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner

540: 2472:"I am a Nationalist and not a cosmopolitan .... I am a British (indeed primarily an English) Nationalist. If I am also an Imperialist, it is because the destiny of the English race, owing to its insular position and long supremacy at sea, has been to strike roots in different parts of the world. I am an Imperialist and not a Little Englander because I am a British Race Patriot ... The British State must follow the race, must comprehend it, wherever it settles in appreciable numbers as an independent community. If the swarms constantly being thrown off by the parent hive are lost to the State, the State is irreparably weakened. We cannot afford to part with so much of our best blood. We have already parted with much of it, to form the millions of another separate but fortunately friendly State. We cannot suffer a repetition of the process." 1393:

mines, and labour was in short supply. Milner put a plan into place that he called "Lift and Overspill". This two-phase process called for economic resources to be used to fill government coffers, and then for government spending and economic growth to be used to spread prosperity. The need for labour was essential if this plan was to work, and with help from Parliament, a Labour Ordinance was passed to permit the advertising and importation of Chinese labourers to fill that task. The workers were hired, they were shipped to South Africa, they lived in work camps close to the mines, and after their three-year contracts expired, they were sent home. This was accepted practice in the British Empire, and in the United States as well, where Chinese coolies were imported to build the

2239: 2164:, Milner travelled back and forth to France as a Paris Peace Plan Delegate. From February 1919 until the treaty signing, he made five trips to Versailles, each lasting on average one to two weeks. On 10 May 1919, he flew to Paris for the first time. The trip took two-and-a-half hours, halving the time it took by train, boat, and car. As part of the British Empire Delegation (over 500 members of Britain's colonies and Dominions travelled to Paris), the Prime Minister asked Milner and Arthur Balfour to stand in for him whenever he returned to England for political business. As Secretary of State for the Colonies, Milner was appointed to head up the Mandates Commission by the Big Four, which would decide the fate of the 2172: 1981:, to its left. Within a day, they opened a gap 50 miles wide and penetrated seven miles deep. Within a week, they were almost halfway to Paris. The allied generals were paralyzed. On 25 March, Field Marshal Haig of the B.E.F. communicated an order to the French that he was slowly withdrawing to the Channel Ports, and he requested 20 French divisions to cover his right flank, to prevent German encirclement. General Pétain, a day earlier, ordered his Army to fall back and cover Paris. The lack of an allied leader, and the lack of reserves to plug the gap caused the generals to look out for their separate interests. As a result, the hole in the front widened, and the Germans were about to pour in. 1338:

reside, but which has no government, no Parliament, no press even, to explain to them where its interests lie, or what its policy should be. Of speeches and writings about the Empire there is no end. But who has time to select what is worth reading from the multitude of newspapers and reviews? Most people have no access to the best among them, and such as have are haunted by the fear that what they read is coloured by some local party issue in which they have no concern. No one can travel through the Empire without being profoundly impressed by the ignorance which prevails in every part, not only about the affairs of the other parts, but about the fortunes of the whole.

2478:"The Dutch can never form a perfect allegiance merely to Great Britain. The British can never, without moral injury, accept allegiance to any body politic which excludes their motherland. But British and Dutch alike could, without moral injury, without any sacrifice to their several traditions, unite in loyal devotion to an empire-state, in which Great Britain and South Africa would be partners, and could work cordially together for the good of South Africa as a member of that great whole. And so you see the true Imperialist is also the best South African." From the Introduction to, 'The Times' History of the war in South Africa, Vol VI (1909). 5753: 1199: 6022: 2041:

General Pétain. Milner preferred Foch, he was firm about it, and Clemenceau agreed. He then said to Amery, "I hope I was right. You and Henry have always told me Foch is the only big soldier." Henry was General Henry Wilson, Lord Milner's recently installed Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS), who, like Milner, was in France to assess the military situation. Although Prime Minister Clemenceau tried to set up a meeting that afternoon to finalise things, the British generals were too far away, and the meeting was postponed until the next morning, at the town hall of Doullens, France.

5807: 6046: 6034: 2210:, former Boer leaders during that war, but now Dominion leaders. On the anniversary of the signing of the South African peace treaty, Prime Minister Botha of South Africa put his hand on Lord Milner's shoulder and said: "Seventeen years ago my friend and I made peace in Vereeniging...It was a hard peace for us to accept, but as I know it now, when time has shown us the truth, it was not unjust - it was a generous peace that the British people made with us, and this is why we stand with them today side by side in the cause which has brought us all together." 2448: 2311:"Things have got into a very bad condition here. This is no secret ... a part of the British Cabinet is up in arms." "A remark was made to me last night that just as it was Lord Milner who came in at the critical point in the War and forced through the Single Command, it may be Milner who will save the situation again. In any case, whatever comes of it, this meeting of the British Cabinet is of great historical importance. Just how the Conference will develop now is hard to say. We may conceivably have an entirely new peace conference." 1702: 1095: 1936: 2247: 1928: 6058: 5197: 1191: 2199:, thought otherwise. Benevolence prevailed, and a firm and lasting peace was made. Even when a new administration in Britain returned the government to the Boers, the Afrikaners remained firm allies with Great Britain in the First World War. To quote Lloyd George: "In Paris, Milner joined with his former antagonists in resistance to that spirit of relentlessness which would humiliate the vanquished foe and keep them down in the dust into which they had been cast..." 1710: 4144: 1770:. The Imperial War Cabinet was an extension of Lord Milner's imperial vision of Britain, whereby the Dominions (her major colonies) all had an equal say in the conduct of the running of the war. The problems of Imperial federation were encapsulated here, whereby if all of Britain's colonies were elevated to the same status as the mother country, her say was diluted by foreigners with different points of view. In the closing days of the 3211: 1388:

deflect in the smallest degree the policy of the day. Having been for many years, or at least for many months, the arbiter of the fortunes of men who are 'rich beyond the dreams of avarice', he is today poor, and honourably poor. After twenty years of exhausting service under the Crown he is today a retired Civil Servant, without pension or gratuity of any kind whatever... Lord Milner has ceased to be a factor in public life.

2496:, 1922 edition: "it was largely owing to his influence that Gen. Foch was appointed Generalissimo of the Allied forces in France. It being vital to have a man of unusual capacity and vigour at the War Office in this critical spring of 1918, he was given the seals of Secretary of State for War on April 19; and it was he who presided over the Army Council during the succeeding months of the year which ended with victory." 83: 1397:. Problems that occurred related to a lack of amenities, confinement in the work area, and insubordination. The Chinese workers in South Africa were no exception. They were known to run away, and to strike for higher wages. Flogging was used to deal with insubordination, and whether he knew about it at the time or not, Lord Milner accepted full responsibility for what happened, and said it was a bad practice. 2053:

that every one was by that time in favour of the step being taken, but even if that were so-and it had by no means been made clear to Downing Street-to Lord Milner belongs the credit of having given it the final push. At the Doullens Conference it was he who took out Haig and then Clemenceau and got their assent, one by one, so preparing the ground for final and unanimous adoption of the proposal.

3125: 1290: 1278: 1272: 1266: 904:. He feared that if the whole of South Africa were not quickly brought under British control, the newly wealthy Transvaal, controlled by Afrikaners, could unite with Cape Afrikaners and jeopardise the entire British position in South Africa. Milner also realised—as was shown by the triumphant re-election of Paul Kruger to the presidency of the Transvaal in February 1898—that the 947:. Milner and Violet began a secret affair that lasted until her departure for England in late 1900. She had a noticeable effect on his disposition; Milner himself wrote in his diary that he was feeling "very low indeed". Edward Cecil learned of this affair and pushed for a commission to Egypt after Violet pushed to return to South Africa. Milner later married Violet Cecil. 5150: 2264:

the third group of delegates to sign, after the Germans and Americans, and Lord Milner was the 8th signatory to the Treaty of Versailles. He recalls the experience thus: "Though the occasion was such a solemn one and there was a great crowd, I thought it all singularly unimpressive." Marshal Foch commented, "This is not Peace. It is an Armistice for Twenty Years."

1069:", as he expressed it, was undermining the prestige of Britain throughout South Africa, and he called for "some striking proof" of the intention of the British government not to be ousted from its predominant position. This dispatch was telegraphed to London, and was intended for immediate publication; but it was kept private for a time by the home government. 2013:. The front had broken wide open in front of us, threatening Paris. There was confusion in the ranks as to what to do, and who was in charge. I immediately took the generals aside, and using the powers entrusted with me as the Prime Minister's representative, I deputised General Foch, making him the Allied Commander at the front, and told him to make a stand. 1036: 2221:, Britain would not take part in an occupation of Germany, nor would its navy resume its blockade of Germany if it failed to sign the treaty. However, President Wilson was tired from all the hard work he had put into the original draft (all decisions and work were made at the top by the Big Four), and Prime Minister Clemenceau refused to budge on the 1110:'s phrase "one whose courage never faltered". In February 1901, he was called upon to undertake the administration of the two Boer states, both now annexed to the British Empire, though the war was still in progress. He thereupon resigned the governorship of Cape Colony but retained the post of high commissioner. During this period, numerous 1139:. Speaking next day at a luncheon given in his honour, he answered critics who alleged that with more time and patience on the part of Britain, war might have been avoided, by asserting that what they were asked to "conciliate" was "panoplied hatred, insensate ambition, invincible ignorance". In late July Milner received the 2093:. It ended with the Germans requesting an armistice. This occurred at 11:00 am, on the morning of November 11, 1918. Finally, the war was over. Lord Milner's decision is best summed up by an inscription at the front of Doullens Town Hall that reads ..."This decision saved France and the freedom of the world." 1057:. "It may seem a paradox", he wrote, "but it is true that the only way for protecting our subjects is to help them to cease to be our subjects". The policy of leaving things alone only led from bad to worse, and "the case for intervention is overwhelming". Milner felt that only the enfranchisement of the 809:. The appointment was avowedly made in order that an acceptable British statesman, in whom public confidence was reposed, might go to South Africa to consider all the circumstances and to formulate a policy which should combine the upholding of British interests with the attempt to deal justly with the 5065: 1959:

in the east, by rail, to France. It was thought that Germany had in place over 200 divisions on the Western Front by the spring of 1918 (compared to France's 100, and England's 57). When the Germans struck on March 21, they concentrated their manpower and hit the allies at their weakest point, at the

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an amendment was moved, stating that 'This House, while recording its condemnation of the flogging of Chinese coolies in breach of the law, desires, in the interests of peace and conciliation in South Africa, to refrain from passing censure upon individuals'. The amendment was carried by 355 votes to

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on the eve of his departure, he recommended to all concerned the promotion of the material prosperity of the country and the treatment of Afrikaners and British on an absolute equality. Having referred to his share in the war, he added: "What I should prefer to be remembered by is a tremendous effort

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stronghold in the British Cape Colony, Milner outlined his determination to secure freedom and equality for British subjects in the Transvaal, and he urged the Boers to induce the Pretoria government to assimilate its institutions, and the temper and spirit of its administration, to those of the free

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With Lord Milner's strong personal rapport with Georges Clemenceau, perhaps the two of them could have persuaded President Wilson to bring the peace treaty closer in line with the President's own 14 Points. Certainly, there were those in England who thought that the Prime Minister should have stayed

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signing the treaty. Lord Milner, for his part, spent the morning in session with his mandates committee (colonial possessions were resolved after the treaty signing), and motored to the Hall of Mirrors after lunch. He arrived slightly after 2 pm, and he signed the treaty early. The British were

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On 16 June, the Allies gave an ultimatum to Germany and fixed the date of the treaty signing for 28 June. This caused a collapse of the conservative government in Germany on 21 June, and a rise of a liberal one. Two delegates were then rushed to Versailles, arriving on 27 June. When the peace treaty

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to cover a 28-mile longer line on the front, 2) the lack of a central reserve of soldiers that the civilian leadership had ordered, but which the military had ignored, 3) the pre-deployment of British and French divisional reserves to the north and south of the line, opposite from where they were to

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who described the old cabinet as an "assembling of twenty three gentlemen without any idea of what they were going to talk about, eventually dispersing for lunch without any idea of what they had really discussed or decided, and certainly without any recollection on either point three months later".

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Lord Milner has gone from South Africa, probably forever. The public service knows him no more. Having exercised great authority he now exercises no authority. Having held high employment he now has no employment. Having disposed of events which have shaped the course of history, he is now unable to

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Experience in South Africa had shown him that underlying the difficulties of the situation there was the wider problem of imperial unity. In his farewell speech at Johannesburg he concluded with a reference to the subject: "When we who call ourselves Imperialists talk of the British Empire, we think

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If humanity is to be saved from the nightmare of another Armageddon it will only be by the creation of a new world-order. These million-odd words of the Peace Treaty, with all its seals and signatures, will mean nothing if there is not a change in heart, not only in Germany, but in all nations. The

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In the years after the First World War, Lord Milner was unhappy with what he saw as Labour inheriting the Liberal "indifference, not to say hostility to the Empire". It would have to rid itself of this if it was to ever become a "great National party". For example, while Labour was enthusiastic for

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The appointment of Ferdinand Foch had immediate consequences. Before the Doullens meeting broke up, he ordered the Allied generals to make a stand, and to reconnect the front. Whatever panic that might have been underway ended. Both General Petain's and Field Marshal Haig's orders were nullified by

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No better selection could have been made as British representative when the time came to bring about unity of command in France. He never got the recognition due to the part he played in the proceedings at Doullens when General Foch was appointed Generalissimo of the Allied Forces. It has been said

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in December 1916, was to keep the Russians holding down at least the forces now opposite them, to boost Russian morale and see what equipment they needed with a view to coordinating attacks. However, a feeling of doom prevailed over the meetings once it was discovered that Russia had huge equipment

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He left South Africa while the economic crisis was still acute, and at a time when the voice of the critic was audible everywhere – but, in the words of the colonial secretary Alfred Lyttelton, he had in the eight eventful years of his administration laid deep and strong the foundation upon which a

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In the latter part of 1904 and the early months of 1905, Milner was engaged in the elaboration of a plan to provide the Transvaal with a system of representative government, a half-way house between Crown colony administration and that of self-government. Letters patent providing for representative

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According to Colin Newbury: "An influential public servant for three decades, Milner was a visionary exponent of imperial unity at a time when imperialism was beginning to be called into question. His reputation exceeded his achievements: Office and honours were heaped upon him despite his lack of

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The problem confronting South Africa after the Boer War was that it needed to rebuild. The country was devastated by war, its biggest natural resource were its gold mines, and reconstruction would have to come from within. The quickest and easiest way to rebuild would be with revenue from its gold

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In addition to war matters, all domestic related issues pertaining to the war fell in his lap, such as negotiating contracts with miners, agriculture, and food rationing. Considering his background, as a former High Commissioner in South Africa, and a Tory intellectual leader, these other matters

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at home and delegated the detailed task of peacemaking to subordinates. Of the Allies, the French were the main obstacle to a fairer peace, so the likes of Lord Milner in charge could have been the catalyst for a permanent peace, one that would have avoided the start, just three months later, of

2299:"The day was spent mostly on the German negotiations; a hard day's work drafting the reply. I got the reparations committee to take up again the question of opening the Austrian archives, and spent some of the rest of the day on the text of the reply to the Germans, which is to be discussed with 1659:

With the exception of Bonar Law, the members of the War Cabinet were all Ministers Without Portfolio. The theory was that they were to devote all their time and energy to the central direction of the British war effort, on which the whole of the energies of the nation were to be concentrated. To

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With the government's principal internal critic, Lloyd George, now occupied with the duties of Secretary of State for War, Lord Milner was now the government's most forceful critic outside of government, and behind the scenes. The ginger group tried to convince the members of Asquith's coalition

2021:, a town with a critical railway station, that, if taken, could have divided the Allies in half, driving the British into the sea, and leaving Paris and the rest of France open for defeat. When Milner returned to London, the War Cabinet gave him its official thanks. On 19 April he was appointed 1307:

of a group of states bound, not in an alliance or alliances that can be made and unmade but in a permanent organic union. Of such a union the dominions of the sovereign as they exist to-day are only the raw material". That thesis he further developed in a magazine article written in view of the

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establishing the system of Crown colony government in the Transvaal and Orange River Colonies and changing his title of administrator to that of governor. The reconstructive work necessary after the ravages of the war was enormous. He provided a steady revenue by the levying of a 10% tax on the

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According to the Biographical Dictionary of World War I: "Milner, on March 24, 1918 crossed the Channel and two days later at Doullens convinced Premier Georges Clemenceau, an old friend, that Marshal Ferdinand Foch be appointed commander in chief of the Allied armies in France." Today, at the

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and to drive him to Paris. He did this, and the next morning, 25 March, drove Milner to meet Prime Minister Clemenceau. Amery waited outside Clemenceau's office. When Milner reappeared 30 minutes later, he told Amery what had happened. Clemenceau had pressed for a single command, but preferred

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Milner became Lloyd George's firefighter in many crises and one of the most powerful voices in the conduct of the war. He also gradually became disenchanted with the military leaders whose offensives generated large casualties for little apparent result, but who still enjoyed support from many

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It is a common complaint, both in Great Britain and in the Dominions, that it is well-nigh impossible to understand how things are going with the British Empire. People feel that they belong to an organism which is greater than the particular portion of the King's dominion where they happen to

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problems, and that Britain's ally operated way behind that of the west, which negated its manpower advantage. Instead of helping its ally, British assistance was reduced to intervening with a task force to prevent allied stockpiles from falling into the hands of revolutionaries at the port of

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was chosen for the Colonial Office. As of December 1903, Milner was back in Johannesburg, pondering the crisis in the gold-mining industry caused by the shortage of native labour. Reluctantly he agreed, with the assent of the home government, to a proposal by mineowners to import Chinese

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be needed, in the middle, 4) the lack of an overall Allied leader, which, in a time of crisis, caused the military leaders to look out for their own national interests, and not that of the whole, 5) the intense retraining of German infantry divisions into new forms of soldiers called "

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to form a ministry, though aware that such a ministry would be opposed to any direct intervention of Great Britain in the Transvaal. Convinced that the existing state of affairs, if continued, would end in the loss of South Africa by Britain, Milner visited England in November 1898.

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could only be carried on to a limited extent while operations continued in the field. Milner therefore returned to England to spend a "hard-begged holiday," which was, however, mainly occupied in work at the Colonial Office. He reached London on 24 May 1901, had an audience with

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a businessman and old friend of Milner's as special trade commissioner to South Africa with the task of preparing a Blue Book on trade prospects in the aftermath of the war. To aid him in his task, Milner recruited a team of gifted young lawyers and administrators, most of them

1992:, who was present, said, the "War Cabinet (was) in a panic and talking of arrangement for falling back on the Channel ports and evacuating our troops to England." Meanwhile, an all-out effort was made to get as much manpower to the front as fast as possible. Lord Milner wrote, 970:

In order to anglicise the Transvaal area during the Anglo-Boer war, Milner set out to influence British education in the area for the English-speaking populations. He founded a series of schools known as the "Milner Schools" in South Africa. These schools include modern-day

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Foch's appointment. The front slowly came back together. By late July 1918, the situation had so improved that General Foch ordered an offensive. The Germans were slowly pushed back at first, until momentum gave way to the allies. This part of the war became known as the

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Right until the end of his life, Lord Milner would call himself a "British race patriot" with grand dreams of a global Imperial parliament, headquartered in London, seating delegates of British descent from Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. Following the

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Alfred Milner remained at the Board of Inland Revenue until 1897. He was regarded as one of the clearest-headed and most judicious officials in the British service, and his position as a man of moderate Liberal Unionist views, who had been so closely associated with

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between England and the native Dutch settlers of South Africa. The costly conflict concluded with the complete surrender of the Boer foe. Recognizing this, Milner, the High Commissioner of South Africa, wanted tough terms. However, his military advisor, General

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annual net produce of the gold mines, and devoted special attention to the repatriation of the Boers, land settlement by British colonists, education, justice, the constabulary, and the development of railways. At Milner's suggestion the British government sent

1607:) and Lloyd George. He insisted that he himself must chair the war committee, causing Lloyd George to resign from the government. Asquith demanded the resignations of his ministers, with a view to reconstructing his government. After the leading Conservatives 1520:. Although weak on a social platform, the National Party emphasised imperial unity and citizen service. Empowered by the ginger group, the National Party got off to a slow start in 1916, running just one candidate, but it eventually ran 23 candidates in the 1685:, "He picked out the most important points at once", and, "Milner and I stand for the same things. He is a poor man and so am I. He does not represent the landed or capitalist classes any more than I do. He is keen on social reform and so am I." To fill in 1311:

in London. He advocated the creation of a permanent deliberative imperial council, favoured preferential trade relations between the United Kingdom and the other members of the empire and in later years took an active part in advocating the causes of

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and Philip Kerr. It is this connection that gave rise to rumours in quarters of the liberal press of a sinister side to Lord Milner, with long-lived rumours of behind-the-scenes "Milnerite penetration" influencing crucial government decision-making.

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He returned to Cape Colony in February 1899, fully assured of Joseph Chamberlain's support, though the government still clung to the hope that the moderate section of the Cape and Orange Free State Dutch would induce Kruger to give the vote to the

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The next day, Lloyd George met Prime Minister Asquith, and a reconciliation deal was thought to have been reached, one that would have created a small war committee headed by Lloyd George, but still reporting to Prime Minister Asquith. However,

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subsequent to the war not only to repair the ravages of that calamity but to re-start the colonies on a higher plane of civilization than they have ever previously attained". In all, Lord Milner made three farewell speeches, in the Transvaal on

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On March 23rd, my birthday, I received a call from the Prime Minister who wanted me to go over to France and report personally on the position of affairs there. I left the next day. On March 26th, at 8 in the morning, I drove to a meeting at

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on 6 December 1916. The King immediately asked Bonar Law to form a government, but he declined, for Asquith refused to serve under him. The King then turned to David Lloyd George, who was up to the task, and who took office the same day.

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the League of Nations, why had the League of British Nations found no support? He attributed anti-national bias to "superior persons" more interested in eradicating working class patriotism and substituting it with class-consciousness.

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Milner was referring to the situation in the Transvaal where, in the aftermath of the discovery of gold, thousands of fortune seekers had flocked from all over Europe, but mostly Britain. This influx of foreigners, referred to as

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over the Aliens' Law had been patched up, he was free to make himself personally acquainted with the country and peoples before deciding on the lines of policy to be adopted. Between August 1897 and May 1898 he travelled through

1239:. He declined the offer on 30 September 1903, considering it more important to complete his work in South Africa, where economic depression was becoming pronounced. With Milner promising to stay one final year in South Africa, 590:

who played a very important role in the formulation of British foreign and domestic policy between the mid-1890s and early 1920s. From December 1916 to November 1918, he was one of the most important members of Prime Minister

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Lord Milner's speech in the House of Lords on 19 April 1916 strengthened the new law conscripting married men, "making all men of military age liable of being called up to service until the war ends." With the sinking of the

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and huge financial reparations, which in 2020 dollars amounted to close to $ 250 billion (and were not part of the 14 Points). In the end, minor territorial concessions were made, the most important being a reduction in the

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the vote, the use of English in the Transvaal parliament and for all laws of the parliament to be vetted and approved by the British Parliament. Realising the untenability of his position, Kruger left the meeting in tears.

805:, selected Milner as Lord Rosmead's successor. The choice was cordially approved by the leaders of the Liberal party and warmly recognised at a farewell dinner on 28 March 1897 presided over by the future prime minister 2074:

Perhaps the most striking of all his exercises ... and certainly one of the most fruitful of good, was when as a member of the War Cabinet in 1918 he signed Foch into the supreme command, as it were between lunch and

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published an editorial on 4 December 1916, "Reconstruction", critical of Asquith and announcing a reforming of the coalition government, and the enhanced position of Lloyd George. Asquith blamed this news release on

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between the high commissioner and Transvaal President Kruger. Milner made three demands, which he knew could not be accepted by Kruger: the enactment by the Transvaal of a franchise law that would at once give the

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The artillery barrage commenced at 4:45 am, it lasted four hours, and when it ended, the German infantry advanced through no man's land and right up to the trenches without being seen. They easily routed the

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On at least one occasion the conservative Milner came to the aid of people from the other end of the political spectrum. He was an old family friend of Margaret Hobhouse, the mother of imprisoned peace activist

889:, a conflict that had emboldened them and resulted in a peace treaty which, lacking a highly convincing pretext, made it very difficult for Britain to justify diplomatically another annexation of the Transvaal. 1167:, the Commander-in-Chief in South Africa, who ultimately won out. However, Milner drafted the terms of surrender, signed in Pretoria on 31 May 1902. In recognition of his services he was, on 15 July 1902, made 1574:

government to resign; with this, they had no luck. They then tried to take down the Asquith coalition in a dual approach, with Lord Milner making speeches in the House of Lords, and Sir Edward Carson, who was

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For some time, he had been suffering health difficulties from the incessant strain of work, and determined a need to retire, leaving Pretoria on 2 April and sailing for Europe the following day. Speaking in

1375:, and a public address, signed by over 370,000 persons, was presented to Lord Milner expressing high appreciation of the services rendered by him in Africa to the Crown and empire. The censure was made by 1329:, which helped to promote the cause of imperial federation in Britain. The journal was founded in part due to concerns of the lack of support for the expansion of the British Empire in Britain, and 881:

out of Cape Colony, which was done in order to live beyond the reach of the British colonial administration in South Africa. They had already successfully defended the Transvaal's annexation by the

737:. Milner remained in Egypt for four years, his period of office coinciding with the first great reforms, after the danger of bankruptcy had been avoided. Returning to England in 1892, he published 539: 861:

Afrikaans. He came to the conclusion that there could be no hope of peace and progress in South Africa while there remained the "permanent subjection of British to Dutch in one of the Republics".

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in the Transvaal would give stability to the South African situation. He had not based his case against the Transvaal on the letter of the Conventions and regarded the employment of the word "

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a national holiday on 24 May 1916. In October 1919, it was Lord Milner's suggestion, from Leo Amery, that a two-minute moment of silence be heard on every anniversary of the armistice.

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leaders liked Kruger, they were ready to support him whether or not he granted reforms, and contrived to make Milner's position untenable. His difficulties were increased when, at the

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freed from prison, Milner discreetly helped, intervening with high government officials. As a result, in December 1917 more than 300 COs were released from prison on medical grounds.

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at a time when it did not exist (it did not come into effect until 1 January 1916), Milner pressed for universal conscription. His strong position forced a meeting with the King at

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Leader Bonar Law, but both Milner and Carson had contacts with Lloyd George, the leading member of the cabinet, so they focused on him. On 2 December 1916, Lord Milner dined with

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Upon conclusion of the first war cabinet meeting on 9 December 1916, which lasted seven hours, Lloyd George got along very well with Lord Milner. He told his press contact,

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communities of South Africa. The effect of this pronouncement was great and it alarmed the Afrikaners who, at this time, viewed with apprehension the virtual resumption by

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politicians. He backed Lloyd George, who was even more disenchanted with the military, in successful moves to remove the civilian and military heads of the Army and Navy.

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of British forces in France) a biting description of the members of the War Cabinet, who he said were all frightened of Lloyd George—he described Milner as "a tired and

571: 65: 1163:. However, it was unsuccessful, and in August Milner returned to South Africa, plunging into the herculean task of remodelling the administration. He bitterly fought 4168: 2386:, soon after returning from South Africa. His viscountcy, lacking heirs, died with him. His body was buried in the graveyard of the Church of St Mary the Virgin, in 2487:

entrance to Doullens Town Hall stand two plaques, one written in French, the other in English, that say, "This decision saved France and the freedom of the world."

1755:

were to be toppled—which in fact happened just 13 days after Milner's return—Russia would remain in the war and that they would solve their "administrative chaos".

2259:, Lloyd George was unsure if they would sign or not, so he had them sign the document first, at 3:12 pm. The entire ceremony took an hour, with a total of 68 778:

while at the Inland Revenue, marked him as one in whom all parties might have confidence. The moment for testing his capacity in the highest degree had now come.

6174: 1872:

offensive in 1917 when the initial targets were not reached and indeed spent little time discussing the matter—around this time the CIGS General Robertson sent

1689:(junior positions at 11 Downing Street that assisted the war cabinet), Lloyd George turned to Lord Milner, who filled vacancies with capable men from his past: 954:

advocating war with the Boer republics to secure British control over the region. After meeting Milner for the first time, Boer soldier (and future politician)

1860:

of 1917, which he initially opposed, along with Bonar Law and Lloyd George. Lloyd George spent much of 1917 proposing plans to send British troops and guns to

1496:, speaking in the House of Lords on 14 October 1915 and 8 November 1915, and suggesting a withdrawal. Starting on 17 January 1916, the ginger group attendees ( 2342:, he undertook the Milner Mission, which eventually issued a report recommending some independence for Egypt. He retired in February 1921 and was appointed a 1739: 1299:

united South Africa would arise to become one of the great states of the empire. Upon returning home, his university bestowed upon him the honorary degree of

6139: 5719: 1430:

mining company, though he remained active in the campaign for imperial free trade. In 1906 he became a director of the Joint Stock Bank, a precursor of the

1231:

and Joseph Chamberlain's surprise resignation on 18 September 1903 due to ill health. Milner, who was then spending a brief holiday in Europe, was urged by

5541: 4473: 5536: 5490: 1065:" merely as an "etymological question", but he realised keenly that the spectacle of thousands of British subjects in the Transvaal in the condition of " 3598: 2276:

League of Nations by which we set so much store will be reduced to impotence if it is not backed by the moral forces of an enlightened public opinion...

1969:", 6) dry weather that made otherwise swampy ground hard, 7) intense fog on the morning of the first two days of the assault, and 8) complete surprise. 5734: 1492:

and an advocate of conscription, attended one of these meetings. The two established close relations. Lord Milner was also an outspoken critic of the

1488:

meetings, Lord Milner held small meetings at his home on 17 Great College Street to discuss the war. On 30 September 1915, Lloyd George, at that time

1333:

sought to bring greater awareness of imperial issues to the British public. The introduction to the journal, first published in November 1910, reads:

5404: 1984:

In London, the British War Cabinet was unaware of the seriousness of the problem. On the third day of the battle, an officer from the front, Colonel

1774:

in 1917, the Imperial War Cabinet decided to postpone the writing of an Imperial Constitution until after the war. This was a task it never took up.

1837:(head of the Army) early in 1918 due to his inability to agree to an allied command structure set up in Versailles, France. Milner himself replaced 1813:

had lost the confidence of the government over his reluctance to organize ships into convoys to reduce the threat from submarines. In July 1917 Sir

6094: 4659: 1206:

On 21 June, immediately following the conclusion of signatory and ceremonial developments surrounding the end of hostilities, Milner published the

671:. He wrote a paper in support of his theories of social work and, in 1895, twelve years after Toynbee's death at the age of 30, penning a tribute, 1639:

Since Milner was the Briton who had the most experience in civil direction of a war, Lloyd George turned to him on 9 December 1916 when he formed

1053:

in which he insisted that the remedy for the unrest in the Transvaal was to strike at the root of the evil—the political impotence of the injured

611:. Their son, Charles Milner, who was educated in Hesse and England, established himself as a physician with a practice in London and later became 5948: 3840: 1885: 1608: 6214: 1674:

were not ideally suited for him. However, he remained one of Prime Minister Lloyd George's closest advisers throughout the war, second only to

6204: 6194: 5727: 3817: 1404:....it cannot in the opinion of His Majesty's Government be classified as slavery in the extreme acceptance of the word without some risk of 6169: 3662: 6199: 5183: 1567: 6164: 896:" ambitions, and Milner realised that, with the discovery of gold in the Transvaal, the balance of power in South Africa had shifted from 2418: 2213:

In a last minute attempt to improve the conditions imposed on Germany, Lloyd George went back to Prime Minister Clemenceau and President

1939:

The Stained Glass at Doullens Town Hall, commemorating the Doullens Conference and the Unity of Command. Lord Milner is standing, centre.

1834: 1806: 1648: 1600: 660: 564: 58: 6062: 5163: 4159: 3401: 1892:", wanting more effort on other fronts. As an experienced member of the War Cabinet, Milner was a leading delegate at the November 1917 6219: 6124: 1660:

enable them to keep their minds on this central problem they were freed entirely from departmental and administrative responsibilities.

6184: 5901: 3676: 2183:, Lloyd George's flat in Paris, on 1 June 1919, when the Empire Delegation discussed Germany's counterproposals to the peace treaty. 1961: 1575: 869:", was received negatively in the republic, and Transvaal's President Kruger refused to give the "Uitlanders" the right to vote. The 2507:, Milner "firmly believed in racial hierarchy." Milner advanced ideas of British superiority and state-directed social engineering. 1931:"Statesmen of World War I", depicting the low point of the war. Lord Milner is seated between PM Lloyd George and Winston Churchill. 6038: 310: 6154: 6129: 5931: 4533: 3352: 2222: 1884:

old man". By the end of the year Milner had become certain that a decisive victory on the Western Front was unlikely, writing to

999: 771: 322: 1623:

On 8 December 1916, Lord Milner received a letter from Prime Minister Lloyd George, asking him to meet him, and to join the new

1114:

were established to intern the Boer civilian population, and as such the work of reconstructing the civil administration in the

6114: 6109: 5624: 3896: 3704: 1989: 5749: 3440: 2238: 1426:

Upon his return from South Africa, Milner occupied himself mainly with business interests in London, becoming chairman of the

1002:

in Cape Colony, the Bond obtained a majority. In October 1898, acting strictly in a constitutional manner, Milner called upon

6099: 5991: 5783: 5397: 5266: 4694: 4634: 4381: 4349: 4328: 4030: 2196: 1786: 1509: 1164: 984: 786: 668: 351: 1566:. However, Milner had previously committed himself to supervising the government's three coal committees, at the request of 1354:

On 20 March 1906, a motion censuring Lord Milner for an infraction of the Chinese labour ordinance, in not forbidding light

1159:, even characterised as "a lost mind". A violent agitation for his recall was organised, joined by the Liberal Party leader 6179: 5973: 5937: 5692: 5276: 5255: 5214: 4559: 2105: 1590:, where he was asked to draft a letter describing the war committee he envisioned. This letter was then sent to Bonar Law. 1521: 1517: 1171:, of Saint James's in the County of London and of Cape Town in the Cape Colony. Around this time he became a member of the 782: 775: 763: 726: 250: 6104: 5382: 5364: 2109: 1856:

Milner was involved in every major policy decision taken by Prime Minister George's Government in the war, including the

1236: 1111: 1107: 802: 94: 2242:

William Orpen's famous painting of the signing of The Treaty of Versailles. Lord Milner is seated, third from the right.

1960:

junction between the English and French lines. They were helped by a number of factors: 1) a recent redeployment of the

5572: 5330: 4834: 4788: 3366: 2300: 2045: 2026: 1838: 1830: 1587: 1474: 1140: 988: 742: 181: 4823: 1915:

arguing that "there is more widespread desolation being caused there (than) we have been familiar with in the case of

6050: 4509: 4441: 2542: 2436: 1947:. For the first three days of the offensive, the War Cabinet was uncertain of the seriousness of the threat. General 1916: 1682: 1651:, Milner's responsibilities varied according to the wishes of the Prime Minister. According to War Cabinet Secretary 1505: 1106:

broke out in October 1899, Milner rendered the military authorities "unfailing support and wise counsels", being, in

936: 767: 557: 497: 51: 5390: 1966: 1810: 1652: 951: 821: 5178: 5025: 4605: 4339: 4206: 5184:

NEXUS: A Short History of the Round Table – Extracted from Nexus Magazine, Volume 12, Number 3 (April – May 2005)

4768: 1912: 1394: 929: 667:, leaving, however, for London in 1879. At Oxford he formed a close friendship with the young economic historian 5757: 3466: 2714: 2217:

to ask for revisions. He told them that without substantial changes to bring the treaty closer in line with the

1864:

to assist in an Italian offensive (this did not happen in the end until reinforcements had to be sent after the

6134: 5791: 5357: 5236: 5173: 4925: 4804: 4499: 4294: 4127: 3983: 2664: 2289:

In May 1919, shortly after the Germans replied to the peace treaty proposals, American Peace Plan Delegate Dr.

1888:(17 October) opposing the policy of "Hammer, Hammer, Hammer on the Western Front", and had become a convinced " 1367: 1128: 1073: 1041: 972: 578: 416: 117: 72: 5284: 4676: 3584: 1497: 1151:

Meanwhile, the diplomacy of 1899 and the conduct of the war had caused a great change in the attitude of the

607:

Milner had partial German ancestry. His German paternal grandmother married an Englishman who settled in the

2171: 6189: 5872: 5773: 2113: 1512:

among others), discussed the setup of a new, small war cabinet. Lord Milner, thinking that the Liberal-led

1355: 4792: 3908: 5210: 5044: 5040:

Porter, A. N. "Sir Alfred Milner and the Press, 1897–1899." The Historical Journal 16.02 (1973): 323–339.

4759: 4705: 4184: 3690: 3559: 3166: 2596: 2339: 2227: 1978: 1974: 1889: 1873: 1826: 1818: 1406: 1372: 730: 345: 4979: 4968: 4957: 4946: 4845: 4814:. Vol. 31 (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. p. 946. 4724: 4570: 4392: 4283: 4067: 2605: 2469:, republished as a pamphlet, and distributed to schools and other public institutions to great acclaim: 2036:

Captain Leo Amery, who was stationed in Paris at the time, was ordered to pick Milner up at the Port of

1023:, who acted as high commissioner in Milner's absence, had allowed the inference that he did not support 6026: 5961: 5650: 5577: 5557: 5511: 5337: 5219: 4838: 4827: 4364: 2787: 2022: 1849:

and was Stephen's proxy godfather. In 1917, when Margaret was working to get her son and other British

1555: 1513: 1172: 980: 136: 5587: 4935: 4810: 4133: 3989: 2734: 2492: 1227:

While this work of reconstruction was in progress, domestic politics in England were convulsed by the

5979: 5562: 5469: 4219:(1997). "Colonial nationalism, the Milner kindergarten and the rise of 'South Africanism', 1902–10". 2827:"President" in this context means "President of the Council of Ministers", the official title of the 1748: 1516:

could be defeated, also envisioned a new political party composed of trade workers, to be called the

1400:

Churchill, in the House of Commons on 22 February 1906, said the about the Chinese labour ordinance:

1325: 1198: 976: 830: 403: 288: 620: 616: 509: 4862: 4781: 3414: 3380: 2828: 2432: 1829:

early in 1918). Infamously, Admiral Jellicoe was finally dismissed on Christmas Eve, 1917. General

1728:

as chief military representative and including a banker and two munitions experts) on a mission to

1363: 1308: 1221: 1160: 834: 718: 710: 648: 513: 31: 5228: 5122: 4870: 4248: 3780: 2644: 4819: 2744: 2383: 1857: 1850: 1771: 1579: 1466: 790: 652: 517: 5081: 4431: 4195: 2654: 1423:

in South Africa, he was appointed a trustee to Rhodes' will, upon Rhodes's death in March 1902.

733:

and, two years later, used his influence to have Milner appointed under-secretary of finance in

5997: 5967: 5582: 5414: 5129: 5118: 5107: 4882: 4750: 2165: 2090: 1846: 1563: 1072:

Its tenor was known, however, to the leading politicians at the Cape, and at the insistence of

1020: 893: 846: 810: 722: 612: 587: 527: 4854: 4624: 2684: 2634: 2617: 6021: 5883: 5823: 4898: 4106: 2793: 2762: 2187: 1869: 1782: 1752: 1640: 1583: 1489: 1137:

of St James's in the County of London and of Cape Town in the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope

950:

Milner held hostile views towards the Afrikaners, and became the most prominent voice in the

659:. Having won the Hertford, Craven, Eldon and Derby scholarships, he graduated in 1877 with a 20: 6045: 5806: 3877: 3080: 3060: 3013: 2993: 1371:

135. As a result of this left-handed censure, a counter-demonstration was organised, led by

6089: 6084: 5955: 5907: 5857: 5842: 5671: 5603: 4646:

Forgotten Patriot: a life of Alfred, Viscount Milner of St James's and Cape Town, 1854-1925

4589: 4542: 2973: 2343: 2137: 2117: 1759: 1743: 1718: 1538: 1228: 1217: 702: 632: 608: 449: 316: 42: 5412: 4903: 2431:

He was lionised, along with other members of the British War Cabinet, in an oil painting,

2136:") for its war effort which highly contributed to pushing German troops out of the future 1900:. He also attended all subsequent follow up meetings in Versailles to coordinate the war. 8: 5924: 5852: 5262: 5167: 4799: 4180: 2832: 2565: 2363: 2030: 1998: 1956: 1904: 1897: 1865: 1763: 1733: 1725: 1644: 1615:

declined to serve under him again, he submitted his resignation as Prime Minister to the

1317: 1300: 1119: 664: 628: 6033: 5133: 5111: 4527: 2694: 2447: 5918: 5862: 5829: 5567: 5474: 5099: 5090: 4916: 4653: 4594: 4452: 4305: 4260: 4236: 3882: 3085: 3065: 3018: 2998: 2978: 2586: 2355: 2010: 1893: 1877: 1612: 1493: 1439: 1435: 1152: 1035: 959: 798: 734: 706: 592: 384: 169: 5033:

Porter, Andrew. "The South African War (1899–1902): context and motive reconsidered."

4803: 4403: 4126: 4095: 4081: 3982: 1948: 1202:

Colonial Secretary Joseph Chamberlain & Lord Milner in South Africa, January 1903.

5778: 5531: 5506: 5464: 5432: 5374: 5347: 5192: 5057: 4866: 4730: 4711: 4690: 4630: 4505: 4437: 4377: 4345: 4324: 4026: 2781: 2674: 2520: 2395: 2351: 2290: 2260: 2145: 1944: 1686: 1570:. His report, which addressed coal production problems, was submitted on November 6. 1380: 1212: 1003: 940: 850: 814: 750: 693: 388: 304: 129: 1701: 1094: 1015:. He found the situation more critical than when he had left, ten weeks previously. 5418: 5201: 5179:

Catalogue of the additional papers of Alfred Milner at the Bodleian Library, Oxford

5155: 4478: 4228: 3597:

Gilbert, Martin, "Winston S. Churchill, Vol. IV, 1916–1922, 'The Stricken World'",

2836: 2402: 2367: 2255:

ceremonies commenced at 3 pm on 28 June, and the German delegates entered the

2141: 2067: 2006: 1861: 1628: 1240: 1156: 1115: 958:

predicted that he would be "more dangerous than Rhodes" and would become "a second

944: 4490: 2116:, where, on behalf of the United Kingdom, he became one of the signatories of the 5942: 5877: 5867: 5313: 5297: 5206: 4546: 4317: 4020: 2504: 2359: 2256: 2218: 2191: 2161: 1935: 1778: 1470: 1362:

for minor offenses in lieu of imprisonment, was moved by a Radical member of the

1103: 1050: 995: 912:. This gave Milner the pretext to use the "Uitlander" question to his advantage. 684: 656: 2790:- Lord Milner was elected an Honorary Governor of the London School of Economics 5895: 5836: 5188: 4878: 4776: 4482: 4270: 2452: 2214: 2133: 2102: 2002: 1908: 1729: 1478: 1443: 1442:

and the subsequent attempt of the Liberal government to curb the powers of the

1427: 1232: 1207: 1176: 920: 886: 882: 854: 820:

Milner reached the Cape in May 1897 and by August, after the difficulties with

746: 276: 4995:

Marks, Shula, and Stanley Trapido. "Lord Milner and the South African State."

4816:

This describes Milner's post-1906 career in business, politics, and diplomacy.

2001:, France, arriving there at 12:05pm. Immediately I met Generals Haig, Petain, 1881: 6078: 6002: 5985: 4734: 4715: 4232: 4163:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 476–478. 4150: 3797:. University of California Current History (1920) 11_Part-2 (3). 1 March 1920 2414: 2347: 2268: 2129: 1814: 1801:. It is said that without the aid, Britain may not have met its food crisis. 1793:

for the ploughing and planting of grasslands, and communicated directly with

1694: 1501: 1376: 1313: 1249: 1184: 916: 806: 729:(also a Liberal Unionist), Milner rose in rank when, in 1887, Goschen became 27: 4137:(12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. 2366:

tariff. His work, however, proved unsuccessful when, following an election,

1578:, making speeches in the House of Commons. The group knew nothing about the 741:

which, at once, became the authoritative account of the work done since the

5913: 5752: 5645: 4063: 2326: 2246: 2029:, who had been a staunch ally of Field-Marshal Haig, and presided over the 1985: 1927: 1724:

on 5 June 1916, on 20 January 1917 Milner led the British delegation (with

1485: 1431: 1420: 1261: 1077: 1016: 925: 908:

government would never on its own initiative redress the grievances of the

901: 794: 705:. In 1885, he abandoned journalism for a potential political career as the 688: 6057: 3866:. Cambridge Histories Online: Cambridge University Press. p. 249-250. 1952: 1326:

The Round Table – A Quarterly Review of the Politics of the British Empire

1190: 745:. Later that year, he received an appointment as chairman of the Board of 5889: 5708: 5666: 5640: 5608: 5052: 3818:"100 years ago: 'Egypt is declared to be an independent sovereign State'" 2704: 2391: 2379: 2203: 1822: 1713:

The Imperial War Cabinet in 1917. Milner is seated, second from the left.

1624: 1180: 826: 698: 636: 596: 466: 445: 6210:

Ambassadors and High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to South Africa

5174:

Catalogue of the papers of Alfred Milner at the Bodleian Library, Oxford

4285:

Proconsul in Politics: a Study of Lord Milner in Opposition and in Power

4086:. Vol. 1, England Before the Storm 1896 - 1914. London: Hutchinson. 1527:

The need for a change in the administration of the war was summed up by

1248:, each on a three-year contract. The first batch of workers reached the 644: 5000: 4256: 4240: 4216: 2671:

The Nation and the Empire; Being a collection of speeches and addresses

1794: 1709: 1551: 1155:

in England towards Lord Milner, whom a prominent Member of Parliament,

1124: 1062: 878: 842: 838: 624: 583: 504: 224: 4902: 4761:

Britain and the Boers: Who is Responsible for the War in South Africa?

4471:

Newbury, Colin (2008). "Milner, Alfred, Viscount Milner (1854–1925)".

1143:, and gave another speech in which he defended the government policy. 4091: 4077: 2425: 2387: 2207: 2180: 2175:

Rue Nitot: England objects to the Treaty of Versailles, June 1, 1919.

1798: 1785:'s attempt to starve Britain in early 1917, Lord Milner assisted the 1690: 1675: 1559: 1528: 1461: 1285: 955: 943:. Edward Cecil was commissioned to South Africa after serving in the 897: 870: 866: 858: 714: 478: 4105:

Amery, Leopold Stennett; Williams, Basil; Childers, Erskine (1900).

1951:

was waiting and expecting the main assault to come in his sector of

441: 3951: 3421: 2037: 1767: 1616: 905: 157: 4626:

Managing the South African War, 1899-1902: Politicians V. Generals

2378:

Seven weeks past his 71st birthday, Milner died at Great Wigsell,

1742:) and Italians. The object of the mission, stressed at the second 1076:, a peace conference was held (31 May – 5 June) at 4892:

Constitution Hill: Thomas Pakenham, the Boer War and the Old Fort

2125: 1790: 1359: 640: 639:. Their only son, Alfred Milner, was born in the Hessian town of 2018: 1631:), Lord Milner was paid a salary of £5,000 (£350,000 in 2020). 1245: 1066: 4752:

My Political Life, Volume 3, The Unforgiving Years 1929 - 1940

4681:, Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 17 January 1921 2190:(pronounced "ver-eni-gang"), signed on 31 May 1902, ended the 1868:

in November). The War Cabinet did not insist on a halt to the

1344:

The Round Table: Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs

82: 4275:

Winston S. Churchill, Vol, IV, "The Stricken World" 1917-1922

4100:. Vol. 2, War and Peace 1914 - 1929. London: Hutchinson. 2941: 2939: 2937: 2461: 1841:

as Secretary of State for War (Army minister) in April 1918.

1825:(Carson was promoted to the war cabinet, only to resign over 1550:

supported Lord Milner's replacement of Lord Kitchener at the

874: 6145:

Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George

5207:

Newspaper clippings about Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner

4319:

To End All Wars: A Story of Loyalty and Rebellion, 1914–1918

2796:- Viscount Milner was Honorary Member of its leading Council 678: 5101:

Black Jack: The Life and Times of John J. Pershing, Vol. II

4592:(1966). Hancock, William Keith; Van Der Poel, Jean (eds.). 4414: 3963: 3689:

Lloyd George, "The Truth About The Peace Treaties, Vol I",

3566: 3524: 3105: 3041: 2121: 1289:

also paid a great tribute to Lord Milner's achievements on

5092:

Black Jack: The Life and Times of John J. Pershing, Vol. I

4039: 3630: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3140: 2934: 2891: 1738:. There were 51 delegates in all including French (led by 1434:. In the period 1909–1911 he was a strong opponent of the 257:

Administrator of the Transvaal and the Orange River Colony

3841:"After the First World War: the 1919 Egyptian Revolution" 3618: 3497: 3319: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2784:- Lord Milner was elected Chancellor of Oxford University 2346:(KG) on 16 February 1921. On 26 February 1921 he married 1030: 717:

but lost in the general election. In 1886 Milner opposed

239:

as Administrator of the Transvaal and Orange River Colony

5134:

The Reconstruction of the New Colonies Under Lord Milner

5123:

The Reconstruction of the New Colonies Under Lord Milner

5075:

A Wider Patriotism: Alfred Milner and the British Empire

5019:

The War for South Africa: The Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902)

4415:"Hommage à Pierre Orts (3 novembre 1872 – 12 juin 1958)" 3536: 3514: 3512: 3336: 3334: 16:

British statesman and colonial administrator (1854–1925)

4108:

The Times History of the War in South Africa, 1899-1902

3927: 3748: 3307: 3271: 3223: 3137: 1766:, which comprised the heads of government of Britain's 1342:

The journal, still in publication, was renamed in 1966

19:"Lord Milner" redirects here. For the Labour peer, see 6120:

Emigrants from the German Empire to the United Kingdom

5137:

Volume II (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1913).

4596:

Selections from the Smuts Papers: June 1886 – May 1902

3736: 3295: 3283: 2903: 2862: 2370:

assumed the office of Prime Minister in January 1924.

2250:

The Treaty of Versailles, with Lord Milner's signature

892:

The Transvaal Republic stood in the way of Britain's "

5126:

Volume I (London: Kegan, Paul, Trench Trubner, 1913).

4104: 3957: 3939: 3915: 3724: 3509: 3447: 3331: 3191: 1751:. The official report in March said that even if the 877:, had established the Transvaal Republic after their 797:

was one of the greatest delicacy and difficulty, and

5198:

Works by or about Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner

5145: 3259: 3179: 1049:

On 4 May, Milner penned a memorable dispatch to the

339:

As Governor of the Transvaal and Orange River Colony

4461: 4374:

Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson: A Political Soldier

4022:

Legacy of Violence: A History of the British Empire

3997: 3473: 3037:. No. 36515. London. 24 July 1901. p. 12. 2500:identification with either major political party." 2362:, the chairmanship of a committee to examine a new 2358:, while accepting, at the behest of Prime Minister 6150:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom 5070:, The Historical Journal, Vol I, 1962, pgs. 47–60. 4593: 4316: 3613:War Cabinet Minutes, CAB 23-5, pgs. 5 & 6 of 9 3485: 3210: 3124: 2951: 2651:Speeches Delivered in Canada in the Autumn of 1908 1465:on 27 May 1915, Lord Milner was asked to head the 3465:Hall, H., "The British Commonwealth of Nations", 3354:Parliament Debate, 13 February 1917, pgs. 479-485 3093: 2879: 2179:Milner was present at an important meeting at 23 1127:on the same day, received the GCB and was made a 6160:People educated at King's College School, London 6076: 4561:The last will and testament of Cecil John Rhodes 2554:: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath – 2267:On thoughts of a sustainable peace, author John 841:. To better understand the point of view of the 683:Although authorised to practise law after being 4689:. Westport, Connecticut & London: Praeger. 2132:territories to reward the Belgo-African army (" 1379:, and amended by a young parliamentarian named 663:in classics and was elected to a fellowship at 6175:Viscounts in the Peerage of the United Kingdom 5221:Legislation Affecting Natives in the Transvaal 5017:(1999), 320pp a major scholarly history; also 4607:The Last Will and Testament of Cecil J. Rhodes 4173:The Lost Historian: A Memoir of Sir Sidney Low 4167: 4072:. Vol. Six, 1903–1968. London: MacMillan. 2532:: Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath – 2413:Lord Milner is seated third from the right in 1740:Noël Édouard, vicomte de Curières de Castelnau 853:, Milner also during this period learned both 6027:State President of the South African Republic 5735: 5398: 5164:Biographical entry for Alfred Viscount Milner 4847:Imperial Marriage: an Edwardian War and Peace 4197:The Forsaken Idea: A Study of Viscount Milner 2771:(2016), London: Pushkin Press, OCLC 949989454 2607:A speech given in Cape Town on April 12, 1900 1717:Following the death of Lord Kitchener aboard 6140:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath 4977: 4966: 4955: 4944: 4933: 4658:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4477:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 4401: 4390: 4337: 3969: 3572: 2731:Report of the Wireless Telegraphy Commission 1988:, was flown in to brief them. Major General 582:(23 March 1854 – 13 May 1925) was a British 5189:Works by Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner 4726:Alfred Lord Milner: The Man of No Illusions 4518: 4464:The National Review, Vol. CXV, "Clemenceau" 4338:Herwig, Holger H.; Heyman, Neil M. (1982). 4045: 2626:. Speech at the House of Lords 31 July 1906 725:. Holding the post of private secretary to 655:, studying under the classicist theologian 623:. His wife was a daughter of Major General 602: 107:10 January 1919 – 13 February 1921 5742: 5728: 5405: 5391: 5010:(London: John Murray, 1951). (a biography) 4314: 4179: 3503: 3416:CAB 24-3, G-130 & 131, pgs. 300 to 311 2945: 1922: 1911:. He was a highly outspoken critic of the 1643:. He was made a member of the five-person 1175:of social reformers set up in 1902 by the 81: 4558:Rhodes, Cecil (1902). W. T. Stead (ed.). 4204: 4193: 3742: 3556:War Memoirs of David Lloyd George, Vol. V 2968: 2966: 2761:ed by Cecil Headlam (London 1933, vol 2) 2759:The Milner Papers: South Africa 1899-1905 2752:The Milner Papers: South Africa 1897-1899 2354:, and remained active in the work of the 2112:and, in that capacity, attended the 1919 2080: 1256:government were issued on 31 March 1905. 915:In a speech delivered on 3 March 1898 at 679:Journalism, politics and service in Egypt 6039:State President of the Orange Free State 4911:. London: John Murray. pp. 478–520. 4795:, London: MacMillan, 1919, pgs. 237–249. 4793:Political and Literary Essays, 1908-1913 4684: 4643: 4622: 4579: 4541: 4497: 4149: 3933: 3876: 3754: 3530: 3313: 3277: 3152: 3111: 3079: 3059: 3047: 3012: 2992: 2972: 2928: 2897: 2873: 2754:ed by Cecil Headlam (London 1931, vol 1) 2724:Great Britain's Special Mission to Eqypt 2446: 2316: 2245: 2237: 2170: 1934: 1926: 1907:, although it was issued in the name of 1809:(professional head of the Navy) Admiral 1708: 1700: 1197: 1189: 1093: 1034: 311:State President of the Orange Free State 149:18 April 1918 – 10 January 1919 6095:Chairmen of the Board of Inland Revenue 4962:. Vol. III. Boston: Little, Brown. 4897: 4805:"Milner, Alfred Milner, Viscount" 4568: 4474:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4470: 4429: 4412: 4371: 4269: 4128:"Milner, Alfred Milner, Viscount" 4003: 3984:"Milner, Alfred Milner, Viscount" 3870: 3816:Desplat, Dr. Juliette (17 March 2022). 3815: 3636: 3427: 3301: 3289: 3203: 3117: 3073: 3053: 3006: 2713:(1919) (summary of, pgs. 197–198, 352: 2428:, South Africa is named in his honour. 2394:. There is a memorial tablet to him at 323:President of the South African Republic 6077: 6009:Those in italics were Acting Governors 5241:to Lord Alfred Milner's facebook Page" 5104:, College Station: Texas A&M, 1977 5095:, College Station: Texas A&M, 1977 4984:. Vol. VI. Boston: Little, Brown. 4973:. Vol. IV. Boston: Little, Brown. 4951:. Vol. II. Boston: Little, Brown. 4798: 4722: 4703: 4557: 4450: 4341:Biographical Dictionary of World War I 4303: 4281: 4124: 4115: 4090: 4076: 4018: 3945: 3921: 3838: 3730: 3624: 3518: 3340: 3325: 3265: 3229: 3197: 3185: 2986: 2963: 2885: 2281: 2202:Present at the Rue Nitot meeting were 2058: 2009:, their staff officers, and President 1903:Milner was also a chief author of the 1665: 1141:Honorary Freedom of the City of London 1031:Protection for Uitlanders in Transvaal 651:and from 1872 to 1876 as a scholar of 268:4 January 1901 – 23 June 1902 6215:Secretaries of State for the Colonies 5723: 5386: 5267:High Commissioner for Southern Africa 4940:. Vol. I. Boston: Little, Brown. 4613: 4588: 4397:. Vol. V. Boston: Little, Brown. 4323:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 4310:. Vol. II. London: George Allen. 4215: 4062: 4014: 4012: 3542: 3453: 3365:Hochschild, Adam, "To End All Wars", 3099: 2957: 2398:which was unveiled on 26 March 1930. 2233: 985:King Edward VII School (Johannesburg) 787:High Commissioner for Southern Africa 756: 352:High Commissioner for Southern Africa 6205:Infectious disease deaths in England 6195:People from the Grand Duchy of Hesse 5006:Milner, Violet (Viscountess Milner) 4859:, London: Thornton Butterworth, 1937 4779:. "The War That Made South Africa", 4430:Marlowe, John (a pseudonym) (1976). 4358: 4292: 4255: 3861: 3491: 3479: 2818:Bill passed by Parliament 4 May 1916 2459:Found among Milner's papers was his 1518:National Democratic and Labour Party 691:in 1881, he joined the staff of the 251:William Palmer, 2nd Earl of Selborne 216:23 June 1902 – 1 April 1905 6200:Deaths from African trypanosomiasis 5365:Secretary of State for the Colonies 4729:. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode. 4687:Field Marshal Sir William Robertson 4669:War Cabinet and X Committee Minutes 4564:. London: Review of Reviews Office. 4553:. Vol. 1. Frederick A. Stokes. 4376:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 4296:The British Commonwealth of Nations 3958:Amery, Williams & Childers 1900 3164: 2859:New College Bulletin, November 2008 2230:by the allies from 20 to 15 years. 2160:Due to his responsibilities at the 2155: 2110:Secretary of State for the Colonies 1835:Chief of the Imperial General Staff 1634: 1562:then asked Lord Milner to head the 1237:Secretary of State for the Colonies 1131:, and was raised to the peerage as 793:. The situation resulting from the 95:Secretary of State for the Colonies 13: 5112:Lord Milner's Work in South Africa 4789:Baring, Evelyn, 1st Earl of Cromer 4743: 4419:Bulletin des Séances de l'A.R.S.C. 4405:The Truth About The Peace Treaties 4009: 3158: 1839:Edward Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby 1758:It was Milner's idea to create an 1588:Chairman of the Conservative Party 1449: 1089: 989:Potchefstroom High School for Boys 553:Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner 364:5 May 1897 – 6 March 1901 182:Edward Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby 14: 6231: 6220:Secretaries of State for War (UK) 6125:Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford 6051:Prime Minister of the Cape Colony 5141: 4981:War Memoirs of David Lloyd George 4970:War Memoirs of David Lloyd George 4959:War Memoirs of David Lloyd George 4948:War Memoirs of David Lloyd George 4937:War Memoirs of David Lloyd George 4623:Surridge, Keith Terrance (1998). 4610:, London: Review of Reviews, 1902 4501:King George V: His Life and Reign 4394:War Memoirs of David Lloyd George 3886:. 18 February 1921. p. 1367. 3864:The British Occupation, 1882–1922 2839:who was also present at Doullens. 2769:Life in a Bustle: Advice to Youth 2543:Order of St Michael and St George 2437:National Portrait Gallery, London 1349: 1098:Photograph of Lord Milner in 1902 965: 6185:German people of English descent 6170:Fellows of King's College London 6056: 6044: 6032: 6020: 5805: 5751: 5525:Chairmen of the United Volksraad 5148: 5049:, New York: Books in Focus, 1981 5046:The Anglo-American Establishment 4992:, (London, S.W. Partridge, 1901) 4844:Cecil, Hugh and Cecil, Mirabel, 4764:, London: Simkin, Marshall, 1899 4408:. Vol. I. London: Gollancz. 4142: 3839:Slight, John (18 January 2019). 2835:. The latter office was held by 1896:in Italy that created an Allied 1220:graduates, who became known as " 538: 6165:Alumni of King's College London 5030:, Durham: Duke University, 1968 5015:The South African War 1899–1902 5008:My Picture Gallery: 1886 - 1901 4887:, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1951 4835:Field-Marshall Sir Henry Wilson 4824:Field-Marshall Sir Henry Wilson 4618:. New York: Simon and Schuster. 4575:. Vol. I. London: Collins. 4551:My experiences in the world war 4155:Milner, Alfred Milner, Viscount 4055: 4025:. Knopf Doubleday. p. 82. 3975: 3907:Parliament Debate Transcripts, 3901: 3890: 3855: 3832: 3809: 3787: 3773: 3760: 3711: 3697: 3683: 3669: 3655: 3642: 3605: 3591: 3578: 3548: 3459: 3433: 3408: 3394: 3373: 3359: 3346: 3247: 3235: 3026: 2821: 2812: 2124:-Milner Agreement" allowing to 1705:Lord Milner's mission to Russia 1395:First transcontinental railroad 701:, becoming assistant editor to 6155:Presidents of the Oxford Union 6130:Fellows of New College, Oxford 5035:The Journal of African History 4833:Callwell, Major General C.E. " 4785:(6 December 1979), p. 12. 4466:. London: The National Review. 4186:Grandeur and Misery of Victory 4069:The Life of Joseph Chamberlain 3795:"Egypt and the Milner Mission" 3586:US Senate Document #354, pg. 7 2982:. 8 January 1901. p. 157. 2853: 2661:A Unionist Agricultural Policy 2593:Arnold Toynbee: A Reminiscence 2401:He was instrumental in making 2344:Knight Companion of the Garter 2048:noted this about Lord Milner: 2033:for the remainder of the war. 1913:Austro-Hungarian war in Serbia 1414: 973:Pretoria High School for Girls 673:Arnold Toynbee: a Reminiscence 477:Saint Mary the Virgin Church, 417:Walter Francis Hely-Hutchinson 1: 6115:British people of World War I 6110:People of the Second Boer War 5285:Peerage of the United Kingdom 5230:Rise to Power of Adolf Hitler 4707:Geoffrey Dawson and Our Times 4582:At the Paris Peace Conference 4529:Parliament Debate Transcripts 4205:Churchill, Winston S (1948). 4125:Buckle, George Earle (1922). 3782:Rise to Power of Adolf Hitler 3089:. 29 July 1902. p. 4834. 3069:. 18 July 1902. p. 4586. 3002:. 26 July 1901. p. 4919. 2800: 2481: 2408: 2332: 1866:Italian disaster at Caporetto 991:and Hamilton Primary School. 6100:Governors of the Cape Colony 5758:Governors of the Cape Colony 4978:Lloyd George, David (1937). 4967:Lloyd George, David (1934). 4956:Lloyd George, David (1934). 4945:Lloyd George, David (1933). 4934:Lloyd George, David (1933). 4927:Lord Milner and South Africa 4921:, London: Odhams Press, 1952 4820:Callwell, Major General C.E. 4723:Wrench, John Evelyn (1958). 4704:Wrench, John Evelyn (1955). 4629:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. 4491:UK public library membership 4462:Milner, Viscountess (1940). 4402:Lloyd George, David (1938). 4391:Lloyd George, David (1936). 4118:From Workshop to War Cabinet 3430:, pp. 182–183, 184–187. 3022:. 28 May 1901. p. 3634. 2846: 2541:: Knight Grand Cross of the 2108:, Lord Milner was appointed 1039:A caricature of Milner from 928:of leadership of the Cape's 772:Hicks-Beach (Lord St Aldwyn) 721:and supported the breakaway 7: 6180:Peers created by Edward VII 5413:Heads of Government of the 5211:20th Century Press Archives 5086:, London: John Murray, 1917 4884:With Milner in South Africa 4850:, London, John Murray, 2002 4808:. In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). 4685:Woodward, David R. (1998). 4580:Shotwell, James T. (1937). 4436:. London: Hamish Hamilton. 4211:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 4131:. In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). 3033:"Lord Milner in the City". 2775: 2614:Speeches of Viscount Milner 2340:Egyptian Revolution of 1919 2228:occupation of the Rhineland 2044:British War Cabinet member 1819:First Lord of the Admiralty 1473:. As an advocacy group for 1459:From a letter published in 1454: 1419:Having worked closely with 1407:terminological inexactitude 1235:to take the vacant post of 930:Progressive (British) Party 731:Chancellor of the Exchequer 346:Governor of the Cape Colony 10: 6236: 6105:Governors of the Transvaal 5338:Secretary of State for War 4924:Iwan-Müller, Ernst Bruce, 4918:Lord Milner and the Empire 4909:The Empire and the century 4755:, London: Hutchinson, 1955 4365:Wilfrid Laurier University 4200:. London: Longmans, Green. 4194:Crankshaw, Edward (1952). 4120:. London: Herbert Jenkins. 4116:Barnes, George N. (1924). 3219:. London. 31 January 1904. 2788:London School of Economics 2681:Life of Joseph Chamberlain 2564:: Knight Companion of the 2510: 2475:On the South African War: 2435:, on display today at the 2096: 2023:Secretary of State for War 1787:Royal Agricultural Society 1649:Minister Without Portfolio 1556:Secretary of State for War 1514:Asquith coalition ministry 1323:Milner was the founder of 981:Jeppe High School for Boys 935:Later in 1899, Milner met 137:Secretary of State for War 25: 18: 6016: 5980:William Howley Goodenough 5814: 5803: 5764: 5701: 5680: 5659: 5633: 5617: 5596: 5550: 5524: 5499: 5483: 5457: 5441: 5425: 5371: 5362: 5354: 5344: 5335: 5327: 5322: 5311: 5304: 5295: 5290: 5283: 5273: 5260: 5252: 5247: 5227:Encyclopædia Britannica, 4930:, London: Heinemann, 1902 4904:"Rhodes and Milner" 4675:US Senate Document #354, 4648:. Cranbury, NJ: Rosemont. 4644:Thompson, J, Lee (2007). 4569:Roskill, Stephen (1970). 4519:O'Brien, Terence (1979). 4498:Nicolson, Harold (1979). 4433:Milner: Apostle of Empire 4315:Hochschild, Adam (2011). 4247:Encyclopædia Britannica, 4019:Elkins, Caroline (2022). 3779:Encyclopædia Britannica, 2833:President of the Republic 2747:('Credo' in 1925 edition) 2631:Sweated Industries Speech 2558:– New Year's honours list 2465:, which was published in 2451:The Lord Milner hotel in 1762:, similar to that of the 1277:, and in Johannesburg on 977:Pretoria Boys High School 831:Bechuanaland Protectorate 546: 534: 523: 503: 493: 485: 473: 455: 431: 426: 422: 409: 404:William Howley Goodenough 396: 378: 368: 357: 344: 330: 294: 289:Hamilton John Goold-Adams 284: 272: 261: 256: 244: 230: 220: 209: 200:Governor of the Transvaal 197: 187: 175: 163: 153: 142: 135: 123: 111: 100: 93: 89: 80: 40: 5573:W. C. Janse van Rensburg 5500:Potchefstroom-Rustenburg 4875:, London: Jarrolds, 1918 4782:New York Review of Books 4532:, 2 February 1917, pgs. 4457:. London: Edward Arnold. 4413:Louwers, Octave (1958). 4304:Hankey, Maurice (1961). 4293:Hall, H. Duncan (1920). 4221:History Workshop Journal 3970:Herwig & Heyman 1982 3770:, July 1940, pgs. 41-46. 3168:The Round Table, 1910-66 3133:. London. 31 March 1905. 2829:Prime Minister of France 2805: 2711:The British Commonwealth 2641:Constructive Imperialism 2575: 2442: 2433:Statesmen of World War I 2419:Hall of Mirrors painting 2373: 2303:at dinner this evening." 2017:That stand was taken at 1611:, Lord Robert Cecil and 1576:Leader of the Opposition 1309:1907 Imperial Conference 1173:Coefficients dining club 1161:Henry Campbell-Bannerman 1146: 1019:was in a ferment, while 845:and the burghers of the 603:Early life and education 6063:Prime Minister of Natal 5263:Governor of Cape Colony 5083:The Land and the Empire 5055:, "Sir Alfred Milner", 5037:31#1, 1990, pgs. 43–57. 5021:(expanded 2nd ed. 2011) 4853:Churchill, Winston S., 4839:Charles Scribner's Sons 4837:" Volume II, New York: 4828:Charles Scribner's Sons 4811:Encyclopædia Britannica 4773:, London: Cassell, 1921 4770:Makers of the New World 4616:The Balfour Declaration 4614:Stein, Leonard (1961). 4451:Milner, Alfred (1894). 4372:Jeffery, Keith (2006). 4359:Hunt, Barry D. (1982). 4282:Gollin, Alfred (1964). 4189:. London: George Harrp. 4169:Chapman-Huston, Desmond 4160:Encyclopædia Britannica 4134:Encyclopædia Britannica 4111:. Sampson Low, Marston. 3990:Encyclopædia Britannica 3820:. U.K. National Archive 3381:"UK National Archives, 3165:May, Alexander (1995). 2503:According to historian 2493:Encyclopædia Britannica 2140:, as in the victorious 1923:The Doullens Conference 1851:conscientious objectors 1772:Imperial War Conference 1641:his national government 1467:National Service League 791:Governor of Cape Colony 776:William Vernon Harcourt 653:Balliol College, Oxford 518:Balliol College, Oxford 5998:Walter Hely-Hutchinson 5968:William Gordon Cameron 5415:South African Republic 4826:" Volume I, New York: 4710:. London: Hutchinson. 4584:. New York: MacMillan. 4572:Hankey: Man of Secrets 4483:10.1093/ref:odnb/35037 4288:. London: Garden City. 4250:current online edition 4233:10.1093/hwj/1997.43.53 4175:. London: John Murray. 3993:(12th ed.). 1922. 3256:, 31 August 1915, p. 9 3244:, 20 August 1915, p. 7 2701:Fighting For Our Lives 2624:Transvaal Constitution 2456: 2322: 2287: 2251: 2243: 2176: 2166:German colonial empire 2128:the administration of 2114:Paris Peace Conference 2086: 2064: 2015: 1940: 1932: 1847:Stephen Henry Hobhouse 1714: 1706: 1671: 1564:Dardanelles Commission 1558:went to Lloyd George. 1554:, although the job of 1546:(8 June 1916) and the 1412: 1390: 1340: 1229:tariff reform movement 1203: 1195: 1099: 1046: 1021:William Francis Butler 857:and the South African 785:resigned his posts of 749:. In 1894 he was made 723:Liberal Unionist Party 643:and educated first at 621:Kingdom of Württemberg 617:University of Tübingen 588:colonial administrator 528:Colonial administrator 510:University of Tübingen 481:, East Sussex, England 6135:Knights of the Garter 5884:Charles Henry Darling 5080:Turnor, Christopher. 4666:UK National Archives, 4590:Smuts, Jan Christiaan 4543:Pershing, John Joseph 4504:. London: Constable. 3554:Lloyd George, David, 3383:CAB 23-1, pg.5 of 593 2794:Pro-Jerusalem Society 2741:Questions of the Hour 2450: 2295: 2273: 2249: 2241: 2188:Treaty of Vereeniging 2174: 2072: 2050: 1994: 1938: 1930: 1870:Third Battle of Ypres 1764:War Cabinet in London 1712: 1704: 1657: 1584:Arthur Steel-Maitland 1542:on 5 June 1916, both 1522:1918 general election 1490:Minister of Munitions 1402: 1385: 1335: 1222:Milner's Kindergarten 1201: 1194:Milner's Kindergarten 1193: 1097: 1038: 649:King's College School 514:King's College London 32:Milner's Kindergarten 21:Baron Milner of Leeds 5956:Henry Augustus Smyth 5908:Charles Craufurd Hay 5858:George Thomas Napier 5843:Galbraith Lowry Cole 5277:The Earl of Selborne 4915:Halperin, Vladimir, 4856:Great Contemporaries 4800:Buckle, George Earle 4523:. London: Constable. 3862:Daly, M. W. (1988). 3766:Viscountess Milner, 3600:pgs. 77-80 (esp. 80) 3173:University of Oxford 2293:noted in his diary: 2138:Tanganyika Territory 2118:Treaty of Versailles 1945:the Germans attacked 1760:Imperial War Cabinet 1744:Chantilly Conference 939:, the wife of Major 703:William Thomas Stead 633:Prince Edward Island 609:Grand Duchy of Hesse 450:Grand Duchy of Hesse 317:Schalk Willem Burger 43:The Right Honourable 6190:People from Giessen 5925:Henry Hugh Clifford 5848:Thomas Francis Wade 5426:Commandants-General 5248:Government offices 5168:New College, Oxford 5098:Vandiver, Frank E. 5089:Vandiver, Frank E. 4600:. University Press. 4344:. Greenwood Press. 4307:The Supreme Command 4208:The Gathering Storm 4181:Clemenceau, Georges 3768:The National Review 3639:, pp. 909–920. 3627:, pp. 146–147. 3545:, pp. 310–311. 3533:, pp. 148–149. 3328:, pp. 140–141. 3114:, pp. 477–478. 3050:, pp. 112–154. 2900:, pp. 476–477. 2566:Order of the Garter 2519:: Companion of the 2364:Imperial Preference 1905:Balfour Declaration 1898:Supreme War Council 1821:(navy minister) by 1789:in procuring 5,000 1481:on 28 August 1915. 1366:. On behalf of the 1356:corporal punishment 1318:Imperial Preference 1120:Orange River Colony 1112:concentration camps 1074:Jan Hendrik Hofmeyr 629:Lieutenant Governor 204:Orange River Colony 47:The Viscount Milner 5919:Henry Bartle Frere 5863:Peregrine Maitland 5830:Rufane Shaw Donkin 5765:British occupation 5323:Political offices 5077:(Routledge, 2015). 5073:Thompson, J. Lee. 5043:Quigley, Carroll. 5027:Milner's Young Men 4899:Garrett, F. Edmund 4299:. London: Methuen. 3883:The London Gazette 3719:The Lost Historian 3650:A Wider Patriotism 3648:Thompson, J. Lee, 3390:. 9 December 1916. 3212:"Labour Ordinance" 3086:The London Gazette 3066:The London Gazette 3019:The London Gazette 2999:The London Gazette 2979:The London Gazette 2705:trove subscription 2457: 2329:'s rise to power. 2252: 2244: 2234:The treaty signing 2177: 2091:100 Days Offensive 2061:, pp. 177–178 1977:, and part of the 1975:British Fifth Army 1941: 1933: 1894:Rapallo Conference 1858:Flanders Offensive 1827:Irish Conscription 1715: 1707: 1613:Austen Chamberlain 1494:Gallipoli campaign 1440:David Lloyd George 1368:Liberal government 1204: 1196: 1100: 1047: 952:British government 873:farmers, known as 803:Colonial Secretary 799:Joseph Chamberlain 757:In Southern Africa 743:British occupation 709:candidate for the 615:in English at the 593:David Lloyd George 392:John Gordon Sprigg 385:John Gordon Sprigg 301:Office Established 170:David Lloyd George 6072: 6071: 5974:Hercules Robinson 5938:Hercules Robinson 5788:Henry George Grey 5779:Henry George Grey 5717: 5716: 5520: 5519: 5381: 5380: 5375:Winston Churchill 5372:Succeeded by 5348:Winston Churchill 5345:Succeeded by 5331:The Earl of Derby 5274:Succeeded by 5193:Project Gutenberg 5058:Review of Reviews 5024:Nimocks, Walter. 4872:Pillars of Empire 4758:Appleton, Louis, 4696:978-0-275-95422-2 4636:978-0-86193-238-2 4489:(Subscription or 4454:England and Egypt 4383:978-0-19-820358-2 4351:978-0-313-21356-4 4330:978-0-618-75828-9 4097:My Political Life 4083:My Political Life 4032:978-0-593-32008-2 3843:. Open University 3573:Lloyd George 1936 3232:, pp. 48–49. 2948:, pp. 28–32. 2782:Oxford University 2691:Cotton Contraband 2521:Order of the Bath 2490:According to the 2396:Westminster Abbey 2390:in the county of 2384:sleeping sickness 2352:Lord Edward Cecil 2348:Lady Violet Cecil 2291:James T. Shotwell 2261:plenipotentiaries 2120:, including the " 1990:Frederick Maurice 1943:On 21 March 1918 1831:William Robertson 1693:, Waldorf Astor, 1687:the Garden Suburb 1568:Lord Robert Cecil 1381:Winston Churchill 1271:, in Pretoria on 1213:Henry Birchenough 1004:William Schreiner 994:Although not all 941:Lord Edward Cecil 851:Orange Free State 815:Orange Free State 766:at the Treasury, 753:and in 1895 KCB. 739:England and Egypt 694:Pall Mall Gazette 685:called to the bar 550: 549: 389:William Schreiner 340: 326: 314: 305:Christiaan de Wet 240: 193:Winston Churchill 130:Winston Churchill 6227: 6060: 6048: 6036: 6024: 5902:Philip Wodehouse 5853:Benjamin D'Urban 5824:Charles Somerset 5809: 5784:Du Pre Alexander 5756: 5755: 5744: 5737: 5730: 5721: 5720: 5660:State Presidents 5551:State Presidents 5439: 5438: 5419:Transvaal Colony 5407: 5400: 5393: 5384: 5383: 5355:Preceded by 5328:Preceded by 5256:The Lord Rosmead 5253:Preceded by 5245: 5244: 5202:Internet Archive 5170:College Archives 5158: 5156:Biography portal 5153: 5152: 5151: 5061:, vol. xx., 1899 4997:History Workshop 4985: 4974: 4963: 4952: 4941: 4912: 4906: 4890:Davie, Lucille. 4815: 4807: 4738: 4719: 4700: 4663: 4657: 4649: 4640: 4619: 4601: 4599: 4585: 4576: 4565: 4554: 4524: 4515: 4494: 4486: 4467: 4458: 4447: 4426: 4409: 4398: 4387: 4368: 4355: 4334: 4322: 4311: 4300: 4289: 4278: 4266: 4262:My Life and Work 4244: 4212: 4201: 4190: 4176: 4164: 4148: 4146: 4145: 4138: 4130: 4121: 4112: 4101: 4087: 4073: 4049: 4043: 4037: 4036: 4016: 4007: 4001: 3995: 3994: 3986: 3979: 3973: 3967: 3961: 3955: 3949: 3943: 3937: 3931: 3925: 3919: 3913: 3905: 3899: 3894: 3888: 3887: 3874: 3868: 3867: 3859: 3853: 3852: 3850: 3848: 3836: 3830: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3813: 3807: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3791: 3785: 3777: 3771: 3764: 3758: 3752: 3746: 3740: 3734: 3728: 3722: 3717:Chapman-Huston, 3715: 3709: 3701: 3695: 3687: 3681: 3673: 3667: 3659: 3653: 3646: 3640: 3634: 3628: 3622: 3616: 3609: 3603: 3595: 3589: 3582: 3576: 3570: 3564: 3552: 3546: 3540: 3534: 3528: 3522: 3516: 3507: 3501: 3495: 3489: 3483: 3477: 3471: 3463: 3457: 3451: 3445: 3437: 3431: 3425: 3419: 3412: 3406: 3398: 3392: 3391: 3389: 3377: 3371: 3363: 3357: 3350: 3344: 3338: 3329: 3323: 3317: 3311: 3305: 3299: 3293: 3287: 3281: 3275: 3269: 3263: 3257: 3251: 3245: 3239: 3233: 3227: 3221: 3220: 3214: 3207: 3201: 3195: 3189: 3183: 3177: 3176: 3162: 3156: 3150: 3135: 3134: 3128: 3126:"Letters Patent" 3121: 3115: 3109: 3103: 3097: 3091: 3090: 3077: 3071: 3070: 3057: 3051: 3045: 3039: 3038: 3030: 3024: 3023: 3010: 3004: 3003: 2990: 2984: 2983: 2970: 2961: 2955: 2949: 2943: 2932: 2926: 2901: 2895: 2889: 2883: 2877: 2871: 2860: 2857: 2840: 2837:Raymond Poincare 2825: 2819: 2816: 2583:England in Egypt 2368:Ramsay MacDonald 2320: 2285: 2223:war guilt clause 2156:The peace treaty 2106:of December 1918 2084: 2068:Edward Crankshaw 2062: 2025:in place of the 1817:was replaced as 1791:Fordson tractors 1669: 1635:Wartime minister 1629:Arthur Henderson 1601:Lord Northcliffe 1500:, Lloyd George, 1373:Sir Bartle Frere 1364:House of Commons 1241:Alfred Lyttelton 1157:Leonard Courtney 1129:privy councillor 1000:general election 945:Grenadier Guards 822:President Kruger 581: 576: 569: 562: 542: 462: 427:Personal details 412: 399: 381: 362: 338: 333: 320: 308: 297: 266: 247: 238: 233: 214: 190: 178: 166: 147: 126: 114: 105: 85: 75: 70: 63: 56: 38: 37: 6235: 6234: 6230: 6229: 6228: 6226: 6225: 6224: 6075: 6074: 6073: 6068: 6012: 6011: 5943:Leicester Smyth 5878:George Cathcart 5868:Henry Pottinger 5816: 5810: 5801: 5766: 5760: 5750: 5748: 5718: 5713: 5697: 5676: 5667:S. J. P. Kruger 5655: 5641:S. J. P. Kruger 5629: 5613: 5592: 5578:M. W. Pretorius 5558:M. W. Pretorius 5546: 5516: 5512:M. W. Pretorius 5495: 5479: 5470:P. J. Potgieter 5465:A. H. Potgieter 5453: 5437: 5421: 5411: 5377: 5368: 5360: 5350: 5341: 5333: 5317: 5301: 5298:Viscount Milner 5279: 5270: 5258: 5154: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5130:Worsfold, W. B. 5119:Worsfold, W, B. 5108:Worsfold, W. B. 4867:Courtney, J. E. 4777:Ascherson, Neal 4746: 4744:Further reading 4741: 4697: 4651: 4650: 4637: 4512: 4488: 4444: 4384: 4352: 4331: 4271:Gilbert, Martin 4153:, ed. (1911). " 4143: 4141: 4058: 4053: 4052: 4044: 4040: 4033: 4017: 4010: 4002: 3998: 3981: 3980: 3976: 3968: 3964: 3956: 3952: 3944: 3940: 3932: 3928: 3920: 3916: 3906: 3902: 3895: 3891: 3875: 3871: 3860: 3856: 3846: 3844: 3837: 3833: 3823: 3821: 3814: 3810: 3800: 3798: 3793: 3792: 3788: 3778: 3774: 3765: 3761: 3753: 3749: 3741: 3737: 3729: 3725: 3716: 3712: 3702: 3698: 3688: 3684: 3674: 3670: 3660: 3656: 3647: 3643: 3635: 3631: 3623: 3619: 3610: 3606: 3596: 3592: 3583: 3579: 3571: 3567: 3553: 3549: 3541: 3537: 3529: 3525: 3517: 3510: 3504:Hochschild 2011 3502: 3498: 3490: 3486: 3478: 3474: 3464: 3460: 3456:, p. 1001. 3452: 3448: 3438: 3434: 3426: 3422: 3413: 3409: 3399: 3395: 3387: 3379: 3378: 3374: 3364: 3360: 3351: 3347: 3339: 3332: 3324: 3320: 3312: 3308: 3300: 3296: 3288: 3284: 3276: 3272: 3264: 3260: 3252: 3248: 3240: 3236: 3228: 3224: 3209: 3208: 3204: 3196: 3192: 3184: 3180: 3163: 3159: 3151: 3138: 3123: 3122: 3118: 3110: 3106: 3098: 3094: 3078: 3074: 3058: 3054: 3046: 3042: 3032: 3031: 3027: 3011: 3007: 2991: 2987: 2971: 2964: 2956: 2952: 2946:Hochschild 2011 2944: 2935: 2927: 2904: 2896: 2892: 2884: 2880: 2872: 2863: 2858: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2843: 2826: 2822: 2817: 2813: 2808: 2803: 2778: 2767:Alfred Milner, 2757:Alfred Milner, 2750:Alfred Milner, 2739:Alfred Milner, 2709:Alfred Milner, 2699:Alfred Milner, 2689:Alfred Milner, 2679:Alfred Milner, 2669:Alfred Milner, 2649:Alfred Milner, 2639:Alfred Milner, 2629:Alfred Milner, 2622:Alfred Milner, 2612:Alfred Milner, 2601:Alfred Milner, 2591:Alfred Milner, 2581:Alfred Milner, 2578: 2513: 2505:Caroline Elkins 2484: 2445: 2411: 2376: 2360:Stanley Baldwin 2335: 2321: 2315: 2308: 2304: 2301:(George) Barnes 2298: 2286: 2280: 2257:Hall of Mirrors 2236: 2219:Fourteen Points 2192:Second Boer War 2162:Colonial Office 2158: 2099: 2085: 2079: 2063: 2057: 1949:Philippe Pétain 1925: 1833:was removed as 1779:U-boat campaign 1735:Kildonan Castle 1670: 1664: 1637: 1471:First World War 1457: 1452: 1450:First World War 1436:People's Budget 1417: 1352: 1331:The Round Table 1169:Viscount Milner 1149: 1104:Second Boer War 1092: 1090:Second Boer War 1051:Colonial Office 1033: 996:Afrikander Bond 968: 759: 719:Irish Home Rule 681: 657:Benjamin Jowett 605: 574: 567: 560: 556: 516: 512: 465:Great Wigsell, 464: 460: 440: 438: 437: 410: 397: 391: 387: 379: 373: 363: 358: 350: 348: 337: 331: 319: 315: 307: 303: 295: 279: 267: 262: 245: 237: 231: 215: 210: 188: 176: 164: 148: 143: 124: 112: 106: 101: 76: 68: 61: 54: 50: 48: 45: 34: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6233: 6223: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6070: 6069: 6067: 6066: 6054: 6042: 6030: 6017: 6014: 6013: 6007: 6006: 6005: 6000: 5995: 5992:William Butler 5988: 5983: 5976: 5971: 5964: 5959: 5952: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5932:George Strahan 5928: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5904: 5899: 5896:Robert Wynyard 5892: 5887: 5880: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5837:Richard Bourke 5833: 5826: 5820: 5818: 5815:British colony 5812: 5811: 5804: 5802: 5800: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5770: 5768: 5762: 5761: 5747: 5746: 5739: 5732: 5724: 5715: 5714: 5712: 5711: 5705: 5703: 5702:Prime Minister 5699: 5698: 5696: 5695: 5690: 5684: 5682: 5678: 5677: 5675: 5674: 5669: 5663: 5661: 5657: 5656: 5654: 5653: 5651:M.W. Pretorius 5648: 5643: 5637: 5635: 5631: 5630: 5628: 5627: 5621: 5619: 5615: 5614: 5612: 5611: 5606: 5600: 5598: 5597:Administrators 5594: 5593: 5591: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5554: 5552: 5548: 5547: 5545: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5528: 5526: 5522: 5521: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5514: 5509: 5503: 5501: 5497: 5496: 5494: 5493: 5487: 5485: 5481: 5480: 5478: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5461: 5459: 5455: 5454: 5452: 5451: 5445: 5443: 5436: 5435: 5429: 5427: 5423: 5422: 5410: 5409: 5402: 5395: 5387: 5379: 5378: 5373: 5370: 5361: 5356: 5352: 5351: 5346: 5343: 5334: 5329: 5325: 5324: 5320: 5319: 5309: 5308: 5303: 5294: 5288: 5287: 5281: 5280: 5275: 5272: 5259: 5254: 5250: 5249: 5243: 5242: 5233: 5225: 5217: 5204: 5195: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5160: 5159: 5143: 5142:External links 5140: 5139: 5138: 5127: 5116: 5105: 5096: 5087: 5078: 5071: 5064:Stokes, Eric, 5062: 5050: 5041: 5038: 5031: 5022: 5013:Nasson, Bill. 5011: 5004: 4993: 4986: 4975: 4964: 4953: 4942: 4931: 4922: 4913: 4895: 4888: 4879:Curtis, Lionel 4876: 4863:Courtney, W. L 4860: 4851: 4842: 4831: 4817: 4796: 4786: 4774: 4765: 4756: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4739: 4720: 4701: 4695: 4682: 4673: 4664: 4641: 4635: 4620: 4611: 4602: 4586: 4577: 4566: 4555: 4539: 4525: 4516: 4510: 4495: 4468: 4459: 4448: 4442: 4427: 4410: 4399: 4388: 4382: 4369: 4361:Sailor-Scholar 4356: 4350: 4335: 4329: 4312: 4301: 4290: 4279: 4267: 4253: 4245: 4213: 4202: 4191: 4177: 4165: 4151:Chisholm, Hugh 4139: 4122: 4113: 4102: 4088: 4074: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4050: 4048:, p. 375. 4038: 4031: 4008: 3996: 3974: 3972:, p. 255. 3962: 3950: 3948:, p. 129. 3938: 3936:, p. 343. 3926: 3924:, p. 173. 3914: 3900: 3889: 3869: 3854: 3831: 3808: 3786: 3772: 3759: 3757:, p. 334. 3747: 3743:Churchill 1948 3735: 3733:, p. 360. 3723: 3710: 3696: 3682: 3668: 3654: 3641: 3629: 3617: 3604: 3590: 3577: 3575:, p. 389. 3565: 3547: 3535: 3523: 3521:, p. 448. 3508: 3506:, p. 328. 3496: 3484: 3482:, p. 198. 3472: 3458: 3446: 3432: 3420: 3407: 3393: 3372: 3358: 3345: 3343:, p. 317. 3330: 3318: 3316:, p. 329. 3306: 3304:, p. 246. 3294: 3292:, p. 250. 3282: 3280:, p. 327. 3270: 3258: 3246: 3234: 3222: 3202: 3200:, p. 174. 3190: 3178: 3157: 3155:, p. 478. 3136: 3116: 3104: 3092: 3072: 3052: 3040: 3025: 3005: 2985: 2962: 2950: 2933: 2931:, p. 477. 2902: 2890: 2878: 2876:, p. 476. 2861: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2842: 2841: 2820: 2810: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2802: 2799: 2798: 2797: 2791: 2785: 2777: 2774: 2773: 2772: 2765: 2755: 2748: 2737: 2727: 2720: 2707: 2697: 2687: 2677: 2667: 2657: 2647: 2637: 2627: 2620: 2610: 2599: 2589: 2577: 2574: 2573: 2572: 2559: 2556:1 January 1901 2549: 2536: 2527: 2512: 2509: 2483: 2480: 2455:, South Africa 2453:Matjiesfontein 2444: 2441: 2410: 2407: 2375: 2372: 2334: 2331: 2313: 2278: 2235: 2232: 2215:Woodrow Wilson 2157: 2154: 2134:Force publique 2103:khaki election 2101:Following the 2098: 2095: 2081:Crankshaw 1952 2077: 2055: 1924: 1921: 1909:Arthur Balfour 1807:First Sea Lord 1683:George Riddell 1662: 1653:Maurice Hankey 1636: 1633: 1479:Windsor Castle 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1444:House of Lords 1428:Rio Tinto Zinc 1416: 1413: 1351: 1350:Censure motion 1348: 1252:in June 1904. 1233:Arthur Balfour 1208:Letters patent 1177:Fabian Society 1165:Lord Kitchener 1148: 1145: 1091: 1088: 1032: 1029: 967: 966:Milner Schools 964: 921:Afrikaner Bond 887:First Boer War 883:British Empire 758: 755: 747:Inland Revenue 727:George Goschen 680: 677: 669:Arnold Toynbee 635:and later the 604: 601: 548: 547: 544: 543: 536: 532: 531: 525: 521: 520: 507: 501: 500: 495: 491: 490: 487: 483: 482: 475: 471: 470: 463:(aged 71) 457: 453: 452: 435: 433: 429: 428: 424: 423: 420: 419: 413: 407: 406: 400: 394: 393: 382: 380:Prime Minister 376: 375: 372:Queen Victoria 370: 366: 365: 355: 354: 342: 341: 334: 328: 327: 298: 292: 291: 286: 282: 281: 277:Queen Victoria 274: 270: 269: 259: 258: 254: 253: 248: 242: 241: 234: 228: 227: 222: 218: 217: 207: 206: 195: 194: 191: 185: 184: 179: 173: 172: 167: 165:Prime Minister 161: 160: 155: 151: 150: 140: 139: 133: 132: 127: 121: 120: 115: 109: 108: 98: 97: 91: 90: 87: 86: 78: 77: 49: 46: 41: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6232: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6082: 6080: 6065: 6064: 6059: 6055: 6053: 6052: 6047: 6043: 6041: 6040: 6035: 6031: 6029: 6028: 6023: 6019: 6018: 6015: 6010: 6004: 6003:Harry Scobell 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5993: 5989: 5987: 5986:Alfred Milner 5984: 5982: 5981: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5969: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5957: 5953: 5951: 5950: 5949:Henry Torrens 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5933: 5929: 5927: 5926: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5909: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5897: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5885: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5838: 5834: 5832: 5831: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5821: 5819: 5813: 5808: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5771: 5769: 5763: 5759: 5754: 5745: 5740: 5738: 5733: 5731: 5726: 5725: 5722: 5710: 5707: 5706: 5704: 5700: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5685: 5683: 5679: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5664: 5662: 5658: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5646:P. J. Joubert 5644: 5642: 5639: 5638: 5636: 5632: 5626: 5623: 5622: 5620: 5616: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5601: 5599: 5595: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5563:J. H. Grobler 5561: 5559: 5556: 5555: 5553: 5549: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5537:W. Jacobszoon 5535: 5533: 5530: 5529: 5527: 5523: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5504: 5502: 5498: 5492: 5489: 5488: 5486: 5482: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5462: 5460: 5456: 5450: 5449:W. F. Joubert 5447: 5446: 5444: 5440: 5434: 5431: 5430: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5408: 5403: 5401: 5396: 5394: 5389: 5388: 5385: 5376: 5367: 5366: 5359: 5353: 5349: 5340: 5339: 5332: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5315: 5310: 5307: 5300: 5299: 5293: 5289: 5286: 5282: 5278: 5269: 5268: 5264: 5257: 5251: 5246: 5240: 5239: 5235:A Reference " 5234: 5232: 5231: 5226: 5223: 5222: 5218: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5169: 5165: 5162: 5161: 5157: 5146: 5136: 5135: 5131: 5128: 5125: 5124: 5120: 5117: 5115:London, 1906. 5114: 5113: 5109: 5106: 5103: 5102: 5097: 5094: 5093: 5088: 5085: 5084: 5079: 5076: 5072: 5069: 5068: 5063: 5060: 5059: 5054: 5051: 5048: 5047: 5042: 5039: 5036: 5032: 5029: 5028: 5023: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5009: 5005: 5002: 4998: 4994: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4982: 4976: 4972: 4971: 4965: 4961: 4960: 4954: 4950: 4949: 4943: 4939: 4938: 4932: 4929: 4928: 4923: 4920: 4919: 4914: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4896: 4893: 4889: 4886: 4885: 4880: 4877: 4874: 4873: 4868: 4864: 4861: 4858: 4857: 4852: 4849: 4848: 4843: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4818: 4813: 4812: 4806: 4801: 4797: 4794: 4790: 4787: 4784: 4783: 4778: 4775: 4772: 4771: 4766: 4763: 4762: 4757: 4754: 4753: 4748: 4747: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4727: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4708: 4702: 4698: 4692: 4688: 4683: 4680: 4679: 4674: 4671: 4670: 4665: 4661: 4655: 4647: 4642: 4638: 4632: 4628: 4627: 4621: 4617: 4612: 4609: 4608: 4604:Stead, W.T., 4603: 4598: 4597: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4578: 4574: 4573: 4567: 4563: 4562: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4537: 4536: 4531: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4517: 4513: 4511:9780094531819 4507: 4503: 4502: 4496: 4492: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4475: 4469: 4465: 4460: 4456: 4455: 4449: 4445: 4443:9780241894330 4439: 4435: 4434: 4428: 4424: 4421:(in French). 4420: 4416: 4411: 4407: 4406: 4400: 4396: 4395: 4389: 4385: 4379: 4375: 4370: 4366: 4362: 4357: 4353: 4347: 4343: 4342: 4336: 4332: 4326: 4321: 4320: 4313: 4309: 4308: 4302: 4298: 4297: 4291: 4287: 4286: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4263: 4258: 4254: 4252: 4251: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4227:(43): 53–85. 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4209: 4203: 4199: 4198: 4192: 4188: 4187: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4161: 4156: 4152: 4140: 4136: 4135: 4129: 4123: 4119: 4114: 4110: 4109: 4103: 4099: 4098: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4084: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4070: 4065: 4064:Amery, Julian 4061: 4060: 4047: 4042: 4034: 4028: 4024: 4023: 4015: 4013: 4005: 4000: 3992: 3991: 3985: 3978: 3971: 3966: 3960:, p. 19. 3959: 3954: 3947: 3942: 3935: 3934:Nicolson 1979 3930: 3923: 3918: 3912: 3911: 3904: 3898: 3893: 3885: 3884: 3879: 3873: 3865: 3858: 3842: 3835: 3819: 3812: 3796: 3790: 3784: 3783: 3776: 3769: 3763: 3756: 3755:Thompson 2007 3751: 3744: 3739: 3732: 3727: 3720: 3714: 3708: 3707: 3703:Wrench 1958, 3700: 3694: 3693: 3686: 3680: 3679: 3672: 3666: 3665: 3658: 3651: 3645: 3638: 3633: 3626: 3621: 3615: 3614: 3608: 3602: 3601: 3594: 3588: 3587: 3581: 3574: 3569: 3563: 3562: 3557: 3551: 3544: 3539: 3532: 3531:Woodward 1998 3527: 3520: 3515: 3513: 3505: 3500: 3494:, p. 70. 3493: 3488: 3481: 3476: 3470: 3469: 3462: 3455: 3450: 3444: 3443: 3436: 3429: 3424: 3418: 3417: 3411: 3405: 3404: 3400:Hoschschild, 3397: 3386: 3384: 3376: 3370: 3369: 3362: 3356: 3355: 3349: 3342: 3337: 3335: 3327: 3322: 3315: 3314:Thompson 2007 3310: 3303: 3298: 3291: 3286: 3279: 3278:Thompson 2007 3274: 3268:, p. 93. 3267: 3262: 3255: 3250: 3243: 3238: 3231: 3226: 3218: 3213: 3206: 3199: 3194: 3188:, p. 84. 3187: 3182: 3174: 3170: 3169: 3161: 3154: 3153:Chisholm 1911 3149: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3132: 3127: 3120: 3113: 3112:Chisholm 1911 3108: 3101: 3096: 3088: 3087: 3082: 3076: 3068: 3067: 3062: 3056: 3049: 3048:Surridge 1998 3044: 3036: 3029: 3021: 3020: 3015: 3009: 3001: 3000: 2995: 2989: 2981: 2980: 2975: 2969: 2967: 2960:, p. 95. 2959: 2954: 2947: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2930: 2929:Chisholm 1911 2925: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2899: 2898:Chisholm 1911 2894: 2887: 2882: 2875: 2874:Chisholm 1911 2870: 2868: 2866: 2856: 2852: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2824: 2815: 2811: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2786: 2783: 2780: 2779: 2770: 2766: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2753: 2749: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2725: 2721: 2718: 2717: 2712: 2708: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2625: 2621: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2609: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2579: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2515: 2514: 2508: 2506: 2501: 2497: 2495: 2494: 2488: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2464: 2463: 2454: 2449: 2440: 2438: 2434: 2429: 2427: 2422: 2420: 2416: 2415:William Orpen 2406: 2404: 2399: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2371: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2330: 2328: 2319:, p. 347 2318: 2317:Shotwell 1937 2312: 2309: 2307:June 1, 1919: 2305: 2302: 2297:May 31, 1919: 2294: 2292: 2284:, p. 360 2283: 2277: 2272: 2270: 2269:Evelyn Wrench 2265: 2262: 2258: 2248: 2240: 2231: 2229: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2211: 2209: 2205: 2200: 2198: 2193: 2189: 2184: 2182: 2173: 2169: 2167: 2163: 2153: 2149: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2130:Ruanda-Urundi 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2104: 2094: 2092: 2082: 2076: 2071: 2069: 2060: 2054: 2049: 2047: 2046:George Barnes 2042: 2039: 2034: 2032: 2028: 2027:Earl of Derby 2024: 2020: 2014: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1993: 1991: 1987: 1982: 1980: 1976: 1970: 1968: 1967:stormtroopers 1963: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1937: 1929: 1920: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1901: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1854: 1852: 1848: 1842: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1815:Edward Carson 1812: 1811:John Jellicoe 1808: 1802: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1775: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1756: 1754: 1750: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1736: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1722: 1711: 1703: 1699: 1696: 1695:Lionel Curtis 1692: 1688: 1684: 1679: 1677: 1668:, p. 579 1667: 1661: 1656: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1632: 1630: 1626: 1621: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1597: 1591: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1571: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1540: 1533: 1530: 1525: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1506:Waldorf Astor 1503: 1502:Edward Carson 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1484:Known as the 1482: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1463: 1447: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1424: 1422: 1411: 1409: 1408: 1401: 1398: 1396: 1389: 1384: 1383:, who added: 1382: 1378: 1377:William Byles 1374: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1347: 1345: 1339: 1334: 1332: 1328: 1327: 1321: 1319: 1315: 1314:tariff reform 1310: 1304: 1302: 1296: 1294: 1293: 1288: 1287: 1282: 1281: 1280:31 March 1905 1276: 1275: 1274:22 March 1905 1270: 1269: 1268:15 March 1905 1263: 1257: 1253: 1251: 1247: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1214: 1209: 1200: 1192: 1188: 1186: 1185:Beatrice Webb 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1153:Liberal Party 1144: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1096: 1087: 1084: 1079: 1075: 1070: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1044: 1043: 1037: 1028: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1008: 1005: 1001: 997: 992: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 963: 961: 957: 953: 948: 946: 942: 938: 933: 931: 927: 922: 918: 917:Graaff Reinet 913: 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 894:Cape to Cairo 890: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 862: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 823: 818: 817:governments. 816: 812: 808: 807:H. H. Asquith 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 779: 777: 773: 770:in Egypt and 769: 765: 754: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 695: 690: 686: 676: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 600: 598: 594: 589: 585: 580: 573: 566: 559: 554: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 526: 522: 519: 515: 511: 508: 506: 502: 499: 498:Violet Milner 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 474:Resting place 472: 468: 458: 454: 451: 447: 443: 439:23 March 1854 436:Alfred Milner 434: 430: 425: 421: 418: 414: 408: 405: 401: 395: 390: 386: 383: 377: 371: 367: 361: 356: 353: 347: 343: 335: 329: 325:(31 May 1902) 324: 318: 313:(31 May 1902) 312: 306: 302: 299: 293: 290: 287: 283: 278: 275: 271: 265: 260: 255: 252: 249: 243: 235: 229: 226: 223: 219: 213: 208: 205: 201: 196: 192: 186: 183: 180: 174: 171: 168: 162: 159: 156: 152: 146: 141: 138: 134: 131: 128: 122: 119: 116: 110: 104: 99: 96: 92: 88: 84: 79: 74: 67: 60: 53: 44: 39: 36: 33: 29: 28:Violet Milner 22: 6061: 6049: 6037: 6025: 6008: 5990: 5978: 5966: 5954: 5947: 5930: 5923: 5914:Henry Barkly 5906: 5894: 5882: 5847: 5835: 5828: 5797:Robert Meade 5796: 5792:John Cradock 5687: 5672:S. W. Burger 5604:T. Shepstone 5588:T.F. Burgers 5583:D.J. Erasmus 5542:H. Pretorius 5532:A. Pretorius 5507:A. Pretorius 5491:J. A. Enslin 5458:Zoutpansberg 5433:A. Pretorius 5363: 5336: 5314:Baron Milner 5312: 5305: 5296: 5292:New creation 5291: 5261: 5237: 5229: 5220: 5132: 5121: 5110: 5100: 5091: 5082: 5074: 5066: 5056: 5053:Stead, W. T. 5045: 5034: 5026: 5018: 5014: 5007: 4996: 4989: 4980: 4969: 4958: 4947: 4936: 4926: 4917: 4908: 4891: 4883: 4871: 4855: 4846: 4809: 4780: 4769: 4760: 4751: 4749:Amery, Leo, 4725: 4706: 4686: 4677: 4668: 4645: 4625: 4615: 4606: 4595: 4581: 4571: 4560: 4550: 4534: 4528: 4520: 4500: 4472: 4463: 4453: 4432: 4422: 4418: 4404: 4393: 4373: 4360: 4340: 4318: 4306: 4295: 4284: 4277:. Heinemann. 4274: 4265:. Doubleday. 4261: 4249: 4224: 4220: 4207: 4196: 4185: 4172: 4158: 4132: 4117: 4107: 4096: 4082: 4068: 4056:Bibliography 4046:O'Brien 1979 4041: 4021: 4004:Newbury 2008 3999: 3988: 3977: 3965: 3953: 3941: 3929: 3917: 3910:4 April 1916 3909: 3903: 3892: 3881: 3872: 3863: 3857: 3845:. Retrieved 3834: 3822:. Retrieved 3811: 3799:. Retrieved 3789: 3781: 3775: 3767: 3762: 3750: 3745:, p. 7. 3738: 3726: 3718: 3713: 3705: 3699: 3692:pgs. 256-257 3691: 3685: 3677: 3671: 3663: 3657: 3649: 3644: 3637:Louwers 1958 3632: 3620: 3612: 3607: 3599: 3593: 3585: 3580: 3568: 3561:pgs. 387-388 3560: 3555: 3550: 3538: 3526: 3499: 3487: 3475: 3468:pgs. 274-279 3467: 3461: 3449: 3442:pgs. 311,312 3441: 3435: 3428:Jeffery 2006 3423: 3415: 3410: 3402: 3396: 3382: 3375: 3368:pgs. 245-246 3367: 3361: 3353: 3348: 3321: 3309: 3302:Marlowe 1976 3297: 3290:Marlowe 1976 3285: 3273: 3261: 3253: 3249: 3241: 3237: 3225: 3216: 3205: 3193: 3181: 3172: 3167: 3160: 3130: 3119: 3107: 3095: 3084: 3075: 3064: 3055: 3043: 3034: 3028: 3017: 3008: 2997: 2988: 2977: 2953: 2893: 2881: 2855: 2823: 2814: 2768: 2758: 2751: 2740: 2730: 2729:Government, 2723: 2722:Government, 2715: 2710: 2700: 2690: 2680: 2670: 2660: 2659:Government, 2650: 2640: 2630: 2623: 2613: 2606: 2603:Never Again: 2602: 2592: 2582: 2569: 2561: 2555: 2551: 2546: 2538: 2533: 2529: 2524: 2516: 2502: 2498: 2491: 2489: 2485: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2466: 2460: 2458: 2430: 2424:The town of 2423: 2412: 2400: 2377: 2356:Rhodes Trust 2336: 2327:Adolf Hitler 2323: 2310: 2306: 2296: 2288: 2274: 2266: 2253: 2212: 2201: 2185: 2178: 2159: 2150: 2100: 2087: 2083:, p. 11 2073: 2065: 2051: 2043: 2035: 2031:Army Council 2016: 1995: 1986:Walter Kirke 1983: 1971: 1942: 1902: 1855: 1843: 1803: 1776: 1757: 1734: 1726:Henry Wilson 1720: 1716: 1680: 1672: 1658: 1638: 1622: 1604: 1595: 1592: 1580:Conservative 1572: 1548:Morning Post 1547: 1543: 1537: 1534: 1526: 1498:Henry Wilson 1486:Ginger group 1483: 1475:conscription 1460: 1458: 1432:Midland Bank 1425: 1421:Cecil Rhodes 1418: 1405: 1403: 1399: 1391: 1386: 1353: 1343: 1341: 1336: 1330: 1324: 1322: 1305: 1297: 1292:4 April 1905 1291: 1284: 1279: 1273: 1267: 1262:Johannesburg 1258: 1254: 1226: 1205: 1179:campaigners 1168: 1150: 1136: 1133:Baron Milner 1132: 1108:Lord Roberts 1101: 1082: 1078:Bloemfontein 1071: 1058: 1054: 1048: 1040: 1027:grievances. 1024: 1017:Johannesburg 1012: 1009: 993: 969: 960:Bartle Frere 949: 937:Violet Cecil 934: 926:Cecil Rhodes 914: 909: 902:Johannesburg 891: 863: 819: 795:Jameson Raid 783:Lord Rosmead 780: 760: 738: 713:division of 692: 689:Inner Temple 682: 672: 606: 552: 551: 461:(1925-05-13) 411:Succeeded by 359: 332:Succeeded by 300: 263: 246:Succeeded by 211: 189:Succeeded by 144: 125:Succeeded by 102: 35: 6090:1925 deaths 6085:1854 births 5890:George Grey 5873:Harry Smith 5774:David Baird 5634:Triumvirate 5625:G. Wolseley 5568:S. Schoeman 5475:S. Schoeman 5358:Walter Long 4990:Lord Milner 4988:Luke, W.B. 4767:Anonymous, 4257:Ford, Henry 4217:Dubow, Saul 3946:Gollin 1964 3922:Amery 1953b 3878:"No. 32232" 3731:Wrench 1958 3625:Amery 1953b 3519:Gollin 1964 3341:Wrench 1958 3326:Wrench 1955 3266:Amery 1953b 3230:Rhodes 1902 3198:Amery 1953a 3186:Gollin 1964 3081:"No. 27459" 3061:"No. 27455" 3014:"No. 27318" 2994:"No. 27338" 2974:"No. 27264" 2886:Milner 1894 2763:free online 2745:online free 2735:online free 2695:online free 2685:online free 2675:online free 2665:online free 2655:online free 2645:online free 2635:online free 2618:online free 2597:online free 2587:online free 2392:East Sussex 2380:East Sussex 2350:, widow of 2282:Wrench 1958 2204:Louis Botha 2059:Barnes 1924 1886:Lord Curzon 1823:Eric Geddes 1777:Due to the 1732:aboard the 1666:Hankey 1961 1645:War Cabinet 1625:war cabinet 1609:Lord Curzon 1510:Philip Kerr 1469:during the 1415:Businessman 1042:Vanity Fair 885:during the 827:Cape Colony 699:John Morley 665:New College 661:first class 637:Isle of Man 627:, a former 597:War cabinet 530:, statesman 486:Nationality 467:East Sussex 459:13 May 1925 446:Upper Hesse 398:Preceded by 296:Preceded by 232:Preceded by 177:Preceded by 118:Walter Long 113:Preceded by 6079:Categories 5962:Henry Loch 5442:Lijdenburg 5369:1919–1921 5342:1918–1919 5318:1901–1925 5302:1902–1925 5271:1897–1901 4493:required.) 4092:Amery, Leo 4078:Amery, Leo 3543:Stein 1961 3454:Amery 1969 3100:Dubow 1997 2958:Smuts 1966 2831:, not the 2801:References 2482:Evaluation 2417:'s famous 2409:Depictions 2403:Empire Day 2333:Last years 2186:The Peace 2066:Historian 2011:Clemenceau 1979:Third Army 1795:Henry Ford 1552:War Office 1125:Edward VII 1083:Uitlanders 1063:suzerainty 1059:Uitlanders 1055:Uitlanders 1013:Uitlanders 910:Uitlanders 879:Great Trek 867:Uitlanders 843:Cape Dutch 839:Basutoland 781:In April, 647:, then at 625:John Ready 524:Occupation 505:Alma mater 374:Edward VII 285:Lieutenant 280:Edward VII 225:Edward VII 26:See also: 5817:1814–1910 5767:1806–1814 5693:W. Palmer 5688:A. Milner 5681:Governors 5609:O. Lanyon 5067:Milnerism 4735:906140794 4716:639648891 4654:cite book 4094:(1953b). 4080:(1953a). 3661:Marlowe, 3492:Hunt 1982 3480:Ford 1923 3254:The Times 3242:The Times 3217:The Times 3175:(Thesis). 3131:The Times 3035:The Times 2847:Citations 2467:The Times 2426:Milnerton 2388:Salehurst 2208:Jan Smuts 2197:Kitchener 2181:Rue Nitot 2148:battles. 2070:sums up: 1957:divisions 1953:Compiègne 1890:Easterner 1882:dispeptic 1799:telegraph 1768:dominions 1749:Archangel 1721:Hampshire 1691:Leo Amery 1676:Bonar Law 1605:The Times 1596:The Times 1560:Bonar Law 1544:The Times 1539:Hampshire 1529:Leo Amery 1462:The Times 1286:The Times 1116:Transvaal 1102:When the 1025:Uitlander 956:Jan Smuts 898:Cape Town 871:Afrikaner 847:Transvaal 811:Transvaal 715:Middlesex 584:statesman 535:Signature 479:Salehurst 469:, England 360:In office 264:In office 212:In office 145:In office 103:In office 5709:L. Botha 5618:Governor 5306:Extinct 5001:in JSTOR 4901:(1905). 4802:(1922). 4547:"Ch XXX" 4545:(1931). 4273:(1975). 4259:(1923). 4183:(1930). 4171:(1936). 4066:(1969). 3721:, p. 291 3675:Gollin, 3652:, p. 199 3439:Wrench, 2776:See also 2314:— 2279:— 2078:— 2056:— 2038:Boulogne 2007:Pershing 1999:Doullens 1781:and the 1663:— 1455:Politics 906:Pretoria 835:Rhodesia 774:and Sir 645:Tübingen 369:Monarchs 273:Monarchs 158:George V 5213:of the 5209:in the 5200:at the 4999:(1979) 4535:479-517 4241:4289491 3706:pg. 238 3678:pg. 585 3403:pg. 254 2743:(1923) 2733:(1922) 2703:(1918) 2693:(1915) 2683:(1914) 2673:(1913) 2663:(1913) 2653:(1909) 2643:(1908) 2633:(1907) 2616:(1905) 2595:(1895) 2585:(1894) 2511:Honours 2271:wrote: 2146:Mahenge 2126:Belgium 2097:Postwar 1917:Belgium 1647:. As a 1360:coolies 1246:coolies 1045:in 1897 764:Goschen 707:Liberal 687:at the 641:Giessen 619:in the 489:British 336:Himself 236:Himself 221:Monarch 154:Monarch 5484:Marico 5224:, 1902 4894:(2004) 4865:& 4841:, 1927 4830:, 1927 4733: 4714: 4693: 4633: 4521:Milner 4508: 4487: 4440: 4380: 4367:Press. 4348: 4327: 4239: 4147: 4029: 3847:2 June 3824:2 June 3801:2 June 3664:p. 327 2726:(1920) 2142:Tabora 2019:Amiens 1962:B.E.F. 1783:Kaiser 1730:Russia 1508:, and 1218:Oxford 1181:Sidney 1067:helots 859:"Taal" 837:, and 829:, the 801:, now 768:Cromer 711:Harrow 697:under 613:Reader 494:Spouse 442:Gießen 4678:pg. 7 4237:JSTOR 3388:(PDF) 2806:Notes 2576:Works 2462:Credo 2443:Credo 2382:, of 2374:Death 1862:Italy 1147:Peace 919:, an 875:Boers 855:Dutch 735:Egypt 577: 575:, 570: 568:, 563: 561:, 71: 69:, 64: 62:, 57: 55:, 5417:and 5265:and 5238:Link 4731:OCLC 4712:OCLC 4691:ISBN 4660:link 4631:ISBN 4506:ISBN 4438:ISBN 4425:(4). 4378:ISBN 4346:ISBN 4325:ISBN 4027:ISBN 3897:Link 3849:2024 3826:2024 3803:2024 2716:Link 2570:1921 2547:1897 2539:GCMG 2534:1895 2525:1894 2206:and 2144:and 2122:Orts 2075:tea. 2003:Foch 1878:CinC 1874:Haig 1753:Tsar 1719:HMS 1617:King 1603:(of 1316:and 1250:Rand 1183:and 1118:and 849:and 813:and 789:and 586:and 572:GCMG 456:Died 432:Born 415:Sir 402:Sir 202:and 198:1st 66:GCMG 30:and 5215:ZBW 5191:at 5166:at 4479:doi 4229:doi 4157:". 2552:GCB 2530:KCB 1919:". 1797:by 1438:of 1358:of 1301:DCL 1224:". 962:". 900:to 631:of 595:'s 565:GCB 349:and 321:As 309:As 59:GCB 6081:: 4907:. 4881:, 4869:, 4791:, 4656:}} 4652:{{ 4549:. 4423:58 4417:. 4363:. 4235:. 4225:43 4223:. 4011:^ 3987:. 3880:. 3558:, 3511:^ 3333:^ 3215:. 3171:. 3139:^ 3129:. 3083:. 3063:. 3016:. 2996:. 2976:. 2965:^ 2936:^ 2905:^ 2864:^ 2568:– 2562:KG 2545:– 2523:– 2517:CB 2439:. 2421:. 2168:. 2005:, 1678:. 1655:: 1586:, 1524:. 1504:, 1446:. 1346:. 1320:. 1303:. 1295:. 1283:. 1187:. 1135:, 987:, 983:, 979:, 975:, 932:. 833:, 751:CB 675:. 599:. 579:PC 558:KG 555:, 448:, 444:, 73:PC 52:KG 5743:e 5736:t 5729:v 5406:e 5399:t 5392:v 5003:. 4822:" 4737:. 4718:. 4699:. 4672:. 4662:) 4639:. 4538:. 4514:. 4485:. 4481:: 4446:. 4386:. 4354:. 4333:. 4243:. 4231:: 4035:. 4006:. 3851:. 3828:. 3805:. 3385:" 3102:. 2888:. 2719:) 1876:( 1410:. 865:" 23:.

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Knowledge

Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner

Index