552:, for peace talks. The conditions demanded by the Venetian, however, were too harsh for the Byzantines to consider. Choniates states that the meeting was brought to a close by a sudden attack by crusader cavalry on Alexios V and his entourage, the emperor narrowly escaping capture. Alexios IV was probably killed the same day; the insistence by the crusaders that he be restored to the throne may have precipitated his death. When news of the death of Alexios IV reached the crusaders, relations between them and Alexios V deteriorated further. The forcible expulsion of all Latins resident in Constantinople in March seems to have been the tipping point which led the crusaders to begin actively negotiating amongst themselves regarding the
481:), and with their backing arrest the emperors. Choniates states that Mourtzouphlos, when bribing the guards, had the help of a eunuch with access to the imperial treasury. The support of the Varangians seems to have been of major importance in the success of the coup, though Mourtzouphlos also had help from his relations and associates. The young Alexios IV was eventually strangled in prison; while his father Isaac, both enfeebled and blind, died at around the time of the coup, his death variously attributed to fright, sorrow, or mistreatment. Kanabos was initially spared and offered an office under Alexios V, but he refused both this and a further summons from the emperor and took sanctuary in the
494:
631:
55:
465:
third of the population homeless; the dislocation and desperation of those affected eventually sapped the will of the people to resist the crusaders. Alexios Doukas
Mourtzouphlos emerged as a leader of the anti-Latin movement in the city. He won the approval of the populace by his valour in leading an attack on the Latins at "Trypetos Lithos"; in this clash his mount stumbled and he would have been killed or captured had a band of youthful archers from the city not defended him. Mourtzouphlos exploited the hatred of the people for the Latins to serve his personal ambition.
399:
323:
298:, killing his predecessors in the process. Though he made vigorous attempts to defend Constantinople from the crusader army, his military efforts proved ineffective. His actions won the support of the mass of the populace, but he alienated the elite of the city. Following the fall, sack, and occupation of the city, Alexios V was
464:
allies, and the citizens were becoming restless. The crusaders were also losing patience with the emperors; they rioted and set fires in the city when the money and aid promised by
Alexios IV was not forthcoming. The fires affected about a sixth of the area of Constantinople and may have made up to a
540:
The loss of the icon, traditionally seen as a physical embodiment of divine protection for the city, was a severe psychological blow. Its possession by the crusaders convinced many of the population of
Constantinople that the victory of the Westerners was now divinely sanctioned, as a punishment for
512:
Finding the treasury empty, the new emperor confiscated money from the aristocracy and high officials to be put to public use. These actions endeared
Alexios V to the citizens, but alienated his relations and other prominent supporters. Once in firm control, Alexios V closed the gates of the city to
334:
Though in possession of the surname used by a leading
Byzantine aristocratic family, there is very little definitely known concerning the ancestry of Alexios Doukas Mourtzouphlos. The noble Doukas clan were not the only Doukai, as the surname was also employed by many families of humble origins. It
599:
in
November 1204. On his return to Constantinople as a prisoner, Alexios V was tried for treason against Alexios IV. In his trial the blind ex-emperor argued that it was Alexios IV who had committed treason to his country, through his intention to invite the crusaders to enter Constantinople in
607:
The new, alien, Latin regime of conquerors in
Constantinople may have viewed the public trial and execution of the man who murdered the last "legitimate emperor" as a way to cast an aura of legitimacy on themselves. Alexios V was the last Byzantine Emperor to reign in Constantinople before the
476:
and entrusted
Mourtzouphlos with a mission to seek help from the crusaders, or at least they informed him of their intentions. Instead of contacting the crusaders, Mourtzouphlos, on the night of 28–29 January 1204, used his access to the palace to bribe the "ax-bearers" (the
808:
587:, which had been occupied by the deposed emperor Alexios III Angelos and his followers. At first they were well received, with Alexios V marrying Eudokia Angelina. Later, however, Alexios III arranged for his new son-in-law to be made captive and
521:
led a part of the crusader army to Filea (or
Phileas), in order to obtain food supplies. As he returned towards Constantinople, Alexios V attacked his rearguard. The Byzantines were defeated, the imperial standard and an important icon of the
504:
The timing of the deaths of the deposed emperors and of
Kanabos, and their relation to the coronation of Alexios V are problematic. Alexios V appears to have been acclaimed emperor as early as the night he moved against the
568:, the crusaders entered the city and looted the Blachernae Palace. Alexios V attempted to rally the people to the defence of the city, but with no success. Alexios V then boarded a fishing boat and fled the city towards
2729:
564:
The defenders of Constantinople held out against a crusader assault on 9 April. The crusaders' second attack three days later, however, proved too strong to repel. Breaking through the walls near the
390:
by Mourtzouphlos. His assessment of the emperor's character might therefore be biased; however, Choniates allows that he was extremely clever by nature, though arrogant in his manner and lecherous.
2867:
677:
Choniates, p. 307, (see also: Head, p. 238) says that Alexios Doukas gained the name 'Mourtzouphlos' in his youth from his companions on account of his eyebrows meeting and overhanging his eyes.
533:) were captured. The Byzantines lost some of their best soldiers in the clash, and Alexios V was lucky to escape alive. At about this time Alexios V attempted to destroy the crusader fleet with
580:
was acclaimed as emperor, but being unable to persuade the Varangians to continue the fight, in the early hours of 13 April he also fled, leaving Constantinople under crusader control.
591:, thereby rendering him ineligible for the imperial throne. Having been abandoned by both his supporters and his father-in-law, Alexios V was captured near Mosynopolis, or possibly in
2722:
3080:
2715:
435:), the brother and predecessor of Alexios III. Isaac II, along with his son Alexios IV Angelos, were restored to the throne through the intervention of the leaders of the
350:). This is not improbable, as all other Byzantine emperors, and the majority of attempted usurpers, of the period had a connection with the former imperial house of the
2877:
1023:
Giarenis, I. (2017) "The Crisis of the Fourth Crusade in Byzantium (1203–1204) and the Emergence of Networks for Anti-Latin Reaction and Political Action",
3070:
2861:
2942:
2857:
354:, either by descent or marriage. A more precise theory has been proposed, that he was the son of an Isaac Doukas, and was the second cousin of
3231:
1178:
686:
The manuscript explicitally calls him "Alexios Doukas Mourtzouphlos", but there are some doubts about the authenticity of the portrait.
3196:
3201:
588:
299:
2707:
3171:
1348:
3226:
1873:
3166:
556:
of the Byzantine Empire. They also began to prepare for their final assault on the city, which took place the following month.
2667:
2535:
1115:
1045:
827:"2 months and 16 days". Regnal dates for these emperors are calculated reckoning from the fall of Constantinople on 12 April.
2700:
Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
424:
in 1200 had led to his imprisonment. Mourtzouphlos was probably imprisoned from 1201 until the restoration to the throne of
3236:
1880:
3186:
2503:
517:. Sword in hand, he was active in leading attacks on sorties made by the crusaders in search of supplies. On 2 February,
3216:
1141:
1090:
1018:
1000:
980:
699:
472:
was acclaimed emperor, though he was unwilling to accept the crown. The two co-emperors barricaded themselves in the
468:
The citizens of Constantinople rebelled in late January 1204, and in the chaos an otherwise obscure nobleman named
2469:
2452:
2279:
2267:
3051:
2440:
2232:
2194:
2154:
2121:
1132:
294:), referring to either bushy, overhanging eyebrows or a sullen, gloomy character. He achieved power through a
2655:
2481:
2308:
2274:
2238:
2127:
649:
3176:
3156:
2296:
1341:
573:
600:
force. On being condemned, he was executed by novel means: he was thrown to his death from the top of the
493:
3191:
2377:
2056:
1522:
1308:
1063:
Madden, T.F. (1992) "The Fires of the Fourth Crusade in Constantinople, 1203–1204: A Damage Assessment",
311:
125:
3221:
3206:
2687:
2643:
2621:
2572:
2459:
2250:
2019:
1361:
1238:
644:
3110:
2952:
2768:
2737:
2594:
2562:
2387:
1567:
1326:
1268:
452:
By the beginning of 1204, Isaac II and Alexios IV had inspired little confidence among the people of
147:
3241:
3181:
2774:
2604:
2557:
2104:
1751:
616:
2831:
2827:
2412:
2392:
2166:
2046:
1334:
815:
was chosen on the 27th and Doukas began his coup "as soon as these deliberations were detected".
636:
514:
384:
1032:
295:
3211:
3100:
2794:
2784:
2682:
2661:
2567:
1357:
1288:
269:
158:
20:
689:
54:
2986:
2749:
2616:
2611:
2587:
2582:
2498:
2335:
2323:
2094:
1719:
523:
421:
257:
1126:
3161:
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2599:
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2407:
2382:
2347:
2262:
2176:
2026:
1857:
601:
577:
473:
457:
118:
1172:
445:(head of the imperial finances). He had been married twice but was allegedly the lover of
8:
3120:
3104:
2911:
2758:
2530:
2515:
2493:
2428:
2417:
2372:
2318:
1808:
1746:
1709:
1296:
1276:
1248:
1037:
Head, C. (1980) "Physical Descriptions of the Emperors in Byzantine Historical Writing",
816:
410:
376:, stated that Alexios Doukas Mourtzouphlos was 'a blood relation' of Alexios IV Angelos.
303:
169:
163:
152:
136:
398:
3016:
2980:
2936:
2847:
2577:
2520:
2464:
2446:
2435:
2397:
2367:
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1963:
1867:
1617:
1586:
1579:
1231:
847:
461:
355:
336:
60:
3130:
3084:
2976:
2887:
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1913:
1649:
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1480:
1195:
1137:
1121:
1111:
1086:
1028:
1014:
996:
986:
976:
804:
695:
553:
518:
380:
373:
327:
265:
76:
3012:
2932:
2814:
2739:
2672:
2649:
2552:
2510:
2476:
2402:
2362:
2352:
2077:
2004:
1974:
1837:
1792:
1787:
1659:
1256:
1225:
812:
613:
469:
446:
425:
403:
215:
141:
1160:"The Medieval Russian Account of the Fourth Crusade – A New Annotated Translation"
842:"The Medieval Russian Account of the Fourth Crusade - A New Annotated Translation"
310:. He was the last Byzantine emperor to rule in Constantinople until the Byzantine
2996:
2313:
2303:
2212:
1999:
1907:
1895:
1889:
1741:
1562:
1532:
1475:
1455:
1083:
A History of the Crusades, Volume III: The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades
1078:
990:
612:, which controlled the city for the next 57 years, until it was recovered by the
596:
478:
441:
68:
509:
co-emperors, on 27 January. He was crowned soon after, on or around 5 February.
498:
439:
in July 1203. On release, Mourtzouphlos was invested with the court position of
409:
The participation of Alexios Doukas Mourtzouphlos in the attempted overthrow of
3090:
3064:
3060:
3029:
2990:
2922:
2891:
2881:
2871:
2837:
2207:
2171:
2116:
2009:
1932:
1830:
1824:
1756:
1736:
1490:
1450:
549:
545:
453:
436:
335:
has been claimed that Alexios Doukas was a great-great-grandson of the emperor
273:
249:
237:
572:
on the night of 12 April 1204, accompanied by Eudokia Angelina and her mother
3150:
2677:
2637:
2181:
1989:
1797:
1167:
2422:
2217:
2149:
2144:
2134:
1957:
1819:
1460:
1316:
995:. Translated by Harry J. Magoulias. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
609:
482:
307:
130:
19:"Alexios V" redirects here. For the 15th-century Emperor of Trebizond, see
3094:
3035:
2962:
2895:
2762:
2286:
2161:
2111:
2036:
1610:
1557:
1500:
584:
565:
174:
2841:
2342:
2257:
2222:
2187:
2099:
2014:
1774:
1767:
1714:
1694:
1639:
1604:
1597:
1542:
1507:
1370:
1182:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 578.
820:
534:
108:
91:
41:
1356:
2970:
2899:
2089:
2041:
1951:
1938:
1725:
1654:
1627:
1622:
1591:
1537:
1485:
1420:
1415:
824:
1159:
841:
485:; he was forcibly removed and killed on the steps of the cathedral.
3000:
2851:
2788:
2357:
2139:
2031:
1984:
1944:
1926:
1846:
1781:
1761:
1731:
1704:
1699:
1684:
1674:
1644:
1552:
1547:
1495:
1470:
1465:
1430:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1074:, Vol. 17, No. 4 (Nov., 1995), Taylor and Francis, pp. 726–743
1046:"Alexios V Doukas Mourtzouphlos: His Life, Reign and Death (?–1204)
592:
365:). His date of birth is also unknown, but it is sometimes given as
351:
347:
104:
45:
37:
3134:
2966:
2956:
2946:
2291:
1994:
1901:
1814:
1669:
1445:
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528:
506:
227:
222:
3124:
3114:
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2778:
2063:
1920:
1802:
1574:
1440:
569:
559:
277:
2798:
1664:
1435:
1425:
1405:
1070:
Madden, T.F. (1995) "Outside and Inside the Fourth Crusade",
1041:, Vol. 50, No. 1 (1980), Peeters Publishers, pp. 226–240
289:
322:
1410:
1400:
372:
because he was considered "old" in 1204. A letter sent to
1011:
Franks and Saracens: Reality and Fantasy in the Crusades
2738:
Rebels, secessionists, and autonomous magnates in the
975:, trans. Ruth Macrides (2007) Oxford University Press
393:
626:
497:Alexios V negotiating with Doge Enrico Dandolo, by
1125:
1152:The Fourth Crusade and the Sack of Constantinople
691:The Portrait in Byzantine Illuminated Manuscripts
3148:
1136:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
992:O City of Byzantium, Annals of Niketas Choniatēs
583:Alexios V and his companions eventually reached
456:with their efforts to protect the city from the
268:from February to April 1204, just prior to the
2723:
1342:
560:The fall of Constantinople, flight and death
687:
326:Miniature from a 13th-century chronicle of
2730:
2716:
1349:
1335:
53:
1085:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
985:
1166:
1077:
839:
492:
402:The siege of Constantinople in 1204, by
397:
321:
317:
280:, but he was also known by the nickname
1120:
819:ruled "8 years, 3 months and 10 days";
3149:
1110:(London and New York, 2nd ed., 2014).
1044:Hendrickx, B. and Matzukis, C. (1979)
2711:
1330:
544:Around 8 February, Alexios V met the
302:by his father-in-law, the ex-emperor
1157:
835:
833:
958:Hendrickx and Matzukis, pp. 127–131
913:Hendrickx and Matzukis, pp. 121–127
904:Hendrickx and Matzukis, pp. 124–125
895:Hendrickx and Matzukis, pp. 123–124
859:Hendrickx and Matzukis, pp. 120–122
513:the crusaders and strengthened the
13:
3232:Monarchs taken prisoner in wartime
1133:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
1100:
786:Hendrickx and Matzukis, p. 118-120
741:Hendrickx and Matzukis, p. 112-113
394:Political intrigues and usurpation
14:
3253:
3197:Byzantine prisoners and detainees
830:
811:There was a meeting on the 25th,
3202:Christians of the Fourth Crusade
1072:The International History Review
629:
595:, by the advancing Latins under
433: 1185–1195, 1203–1204
306:, and later executed by the new
3172:13th-century Byzantine emperors
1317:Latin Emperor of Constantinople
965:
952:
943:
934:
925:
916:
907:
898:
889:
880:
871:
862:
853:
798:
789:
780:
771:
762:
668:Hendrickx and Matzukis, p.113.
430:
415:
360:
341:
3227:Leaders who took power by coup
753:
744:
735:
726:
717:
714:Hendrickx and Matzukis, p. 111
708:
680:
671:
662:
1:
3167:12th-century Byzantine people
688:Spatharakis, Ioannis (1976).
655:
650:Sack of Constantinople (1204)
449:, a daughter of Alexios III.
383:was dismissed from office as
366:
59:Portrait of Alexios V from a
3026:Alexios Doukas Mourtzouphlos
574:Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera
541:the sins of the Byzantines.
7:
3237:People executed for treason
1154:(London and New York, 2004)
1067:, lxxxiv–v, pp. 72–93.
750:Choniates, pp. 303–304, 307
694:. Brill. pp. 152–158.
622:
379:The contemporary historian
312:recapture of Constantinople
272:by the participants of the
10:
3258:
3187:Blind royalty and nobility
2622:Constantine XI Palaiologos
2573:Andronikos III Palaiologos
2460:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
1150:Jonathan Phillips (2004).
1108:Byzantium and the Crusades
823:"6 months and 8 days" and
645:List of Byzantine emperors
488:
290:
86:27 January – 12 April 1204
18:
3217:Executed Byzantine people
3049:
3010:
2909:
2812:
2769:Andronikos Kontostephanos
2747:
2698:
2630:
2595:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
2563:Andronikos II Palaiologos
2388:Constantine IX Monomachos
2076:
1973:
1856:
1683:
1521:
1369:
1305:
1285:
1269:Michael I Komnenos Doukas
1265:
1245:
1236:
1222:
1217:
1189:
1065:Byzantinische Zeitschrift
253:
233:
221:
209:
194:
186:
182:
114:
100:
90:
82:
75:
63:containing a copy of the
52:
35:
30:
16:Byzantine emperor in 1204
2558:Michael VIII Palaiologos
1289:Alexios I Megas Komnenos
840:Savignac, David (2020).
617:Michael VIII Palaiologos
537:, but to little effect.
3111:Michael Komnenos Doukas
2953:Michael Komnenos Doukas
2413:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
2047:Tiberius II Constantine
1179:Encyclopædia Britannica
922:Choniates, p.p. 313-314
732:Choniates, pp. 311, 314
637:Byzantine Empire portal
256:; died December 1204),
3052:fall of Constantinople
2795:Theodore Kantakouzenos
2785:John Komnenos Vatatzes
2568:Michael IX Palaiologos
1027:, 23, pp. 73–80.
777:Choniates, pp. 307–309
576:. In the Hagia Sophia
501:
406:
346:) in the female line (
331:
276:. His family name was
270:sack of Constantinople
21:Alexios V of Trebizond
2987:John Komnenos the Fat
2750:Andronikos I Komnenos
2662:Thessalonian emperors
2656:Trapezuntine emperors
2617:John VIII Palaiologos
2612:Manuel II Palaiologos
2583:John VI Kantakouzenos
2499:Andronikos I Komnenos
2336:Constantine Lekapenos
1364:and empresses regnant
868:Choniates, pp.311–312
795:Runciman, pp. 120–121
608:establishment of the
496:
422:John Komnenos the Fat
401:
325:
318:Origins and character
2878:Constantine Tatikios
2600:John VII Palaiologos
2548:Theodore II Laskaris
2408:Constantine X Doukas
2348:Nikephoros II Phokas
1297:Emperor of Trebizond
768:Madden (1995) p. 742
602:Column of Theodosius
578:Constantine Laskaris
474:Palace of Blachernae
460:crusaders and their
119:Constantine Laskaris
3177:13th-century rebels
3157:12th-century births
2912:Alexios III Angelos
2759:Andronikos Lapardas
2531:Theodore I Laskaris
2516:Alexios III Angelos
2494:Alexios II Komnenos
2418:Romanos IV Diogenes
2373:Romanos III Argyros
2319:Romanos I Lekapenos
1249:Theodore I Laskaris
1025:Mediterranean World
940:Akropolites, p. 117
723:Akropolites, p. 112
411:Alexios III Angelos
65:Extracts of History
3192:Greek blind people
3081:John Kantakouzenos
3017:Alexios IV Angelos
2848:Theodore Mangaphas
2650:Britannic emperors
2644:Palmyrene emperors
2578:John V Palaiologos
2521:Alexios IV Angelos
2470:Constantine Doukas
2465:Alexios I Komnenos
2453:Constantine Doukas
2436:Michael VII Doukas
2398:Michael VI Bringas
1964:Romulus Augustulus
1587:Trebonianus Gallus
1580:Herennius Etruscus
1362:Byzantine emperors
1232:Alexios IV Angelos
1173:"Alexius V."
1127:"Alexios V Doukas"
1122:Kazhdan, Alexander
987:Choniates, Nicetas
848:Novgorod Chronicle
502:
407:
356:Alexios IV Angelos
337:Alexios I Komnenos
332:
61:15th-century codex
3222:Executed monarchs
3207:Deaths from falls
3144:
3143:
3131:Manuel Maurozomes
3121:Theodore Laskaris
2977:John Spyridonakes
2916:
2705:
2704:
2543:John III Vatatzes
2489:Manuel I Komnenos
2228:Michael I Rangabe
2072:
2071:
1914:Petronius Maximus
1513:Severus Alexander
1481:Septimius Severus
1325:
1324:
1321:
1306:Succeeded by
1301:
1286:Succeeded by
1281:
1266:Succeeded by
1261:
1257:Emperor of Nicaea
1246:Succeeded by
1239:Byzantine emperor
1191:Alexios V Doukas
1158:Savignac, David.
1116:978-1-78093-767-0
1106:Jonathan Harris,
949:Choniates, p. 334
519:Henry of Flanders
385:logothete of the
381:Niketas Choniates
374:Pope Innocent III
328:Niketas Choniates
266:Byzantine emperor
243:
242:
77:Byzantine emperor
3249:
3101:Alexios Komnenos
2933:Dobromir Chrysos
2914:
2815:Isaac II Angelos
2740:Byzantine Empire
2732:
2725:
2718:
2709:
2708:
2553:John IV Laskaris
2526:Alexios V Doukas
2511:Isaac II Angelos
2477:John II Komnenos
2403:Isaac I Komnenos
2363:Constantine VIII
2353:John I Tzimiskes
2080:Byzantine Empire
1854:
1853:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1328:
1327:
1312:
1292:
1272:
1252:
1226:Isaac II Angelos
1223:Preceded by
1213:
1206:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1175:
1163:
1147:
1129:
1096:
1079:Runciman, Steven
1009:Falk, A. (2010)
1006:
971:Akropolites, G.
959:
956:
950:
947:
941:
938:
932:
929:
923:
920:
914:
911:
905:
902:
896:
893:
887:
886:Choniates, p.312
884:
878:
875:
869:
866:
860:
857:
851:
845:
837:
828:
813:Nicholas Kanabos
802:
796:
793:
787:
784:
778:
775:
769:
766:
760:
757:
751:
748:
742:
739:
733:
730:
724:
721:
715:
712:
706:
705:
684:
678:
675:
669:
666:
639:
634:
633:
632:
470:Nicholas Kanabos
447:Eudokia Angelina
434:
432:
426:Isaac II Angelos
419:
418: 1195–1203
417:
404:Palma il Giovane
371:
368:
364:
363: 1203–1204
362:
348:cognatic descent
345:
344: 1081–1118
343:
293:
292:
255:
246:Alexios V Doukas
216:Eudokia Angelina
205:
203:
178:
167:
156:
145:
134:
123:
57:
31:Alexios V Doukas
28:
27:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3242:Protovestiarioi
3182:Angelid dynasty
3147:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3071:Theodore Gabras
3045:
3006:
2997:Manuel Kamytzes
2905:
2808:
2743:
2736:
2706:
2701:
2694:
2638:Gallic emperors
2626:
2314:Constantine VII
2095:Constantine III
2082:
2079:
2068:
1977:
1969:
1908:Valentinian III
1896:Constantius III
1890:Priscus Attalus
1874:Constantine III
1860:
1852:
1742:Valerius Valens
1687:
1679:
1525:
1517:
1476:Didius Julianus
1456:Marcus Aurelius
1373:
1365:
1355:
1311:
1291:
1277:Ruler of Epirus
1271:
1251:
1242:
1234:
1230:
1228:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1192:
1144:
1103:
1101:Further reading
1093:
1013:, Karnac Books
1003:
968:
963:
962:
957:
953:
948:
944:
939:
935:
930:
926:
921:
917:
912:
908:
903:
899:
894:
890:
885:
881:
877:Giarenis, p. 78
876:
872:
867:
863:
858:
854:
838:
831:
803:
799:
794:
790:
785:
781:
776:
772:
767:
763:
758:
754:
749:
745:
740:
736:
731:
727:
722:
718:
713:
709:
702:
685:
681:
676:
672:
667:
663:
658:
635:
630:
628:
625:
614:Nicaean Emperor
597:Thierry de Loos
562:
491:
479:Varangian Guard
442:protovestiarios
429:
414:
396:
369:
359:
340:
320:
262:Alexius V Ducas
228:Angelos dynasty
214:
201:
199:
172:
168:
161:
157:
150:
146:
139:
135:
128:
124:
121:
96:5 February 1204
71:
69:Joannes Zonaras
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3255:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3128:
3118:
3108:
3098:
3091:David Komnenos
3088:
3078:
3068:
3065:Maeander River
3061:Sabas Asidenos
3057:
3055:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3033:
3030:Constantinople
3022:
3020:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2994:
2991:Constantinople
2984:
2974:
2960:
2950:
2943:Leo Chamaretos
2940:
2930:
2919:
2917:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2892:Maeander River
2888:Pseudo-Alexios
2885:
2882:Constantinople
2875:
2872:Constantinople
2868:Isaac Komnenos
2865:
2855:
2845:
2838:Alexios Branas
2835:
2820:
2818:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2792:
2782:
2775:Isaac Komnenos
2772:
2766:
2755:
2753:
2745:
2744:
2735:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2712:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2659:
2653:
2647:
2641:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2597:
2592:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2474:
2462:
2457:
2433:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2393:Theodora (III)
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2289:
2284:
2272:
2260:
2255:
2243:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2208:Constantine VI
2205:
2200:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2172:Theodosius III
2169:
2164:
2159:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2117:Constantine IV
2114:
2109:
2097:
2092:
2086:
2084:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1975:Eastern Empire
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1960:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1936:
1929:
1924:
1917:
1910:
1905:
1898:
1893:
1886:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1858:Western Empire
1851:
1850:
1843:
1831:Magnus Maximus
1827:
1825:Valentinian II
1822:
1817:
1812:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1759:
1757:Constantius II
1754:
1752:Constantine II
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1691:
1689:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1620:
1615:
1607:
1602:
1584:
1572:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1529:
1527:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1451:Antoninus Pius
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1377:
1375:
1374:27 BC – AD 235
1367:
1366:
1354:
1353:
1346:
1339:
1331:
1323:
1322:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1247:
1244:
1235:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1218:Regnal titles
1215:
1214:
1193:
1190:
1185:
1184:
1170:, ed. (1911).
1168:Chisholm, Hugh
1164:
1155:
1148:
1142:
1124:, ed. (1991).
1118:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1091:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1060:: 111–117
1042:
1035:
1021:
1007:
1001:
983:
967:
964:
961:
960:
951:
942:
933:
924:
915:
906:
897:
888:
879:
870:
861:
852:
829:
797:
788:
779:
770:
761:
752:
743:
734:
725:
716:
707:
700:
679:
670:
660:
659:
657:
654:
653:
652:
647:
641:
640:
624:
621:
561:
558:
550:Enrico Dandolo
546:Doge of Venice
515:fortifications
490:
487:
454:Constantinople
437:Fourth Crusade
395:
392:
319:
316:
274:Fourth Crusade
254:Ἀλέξιος Δούκας
241:
240:
238:Greek Orthodox
235:
231:
230:
225:
219:
218:
211:
207:
206:
196:
192:
191:
188:
184:
183:
180:
179:
116:
112:
111:
102:
98:
97:
94:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
73:
72:
58:
50:
49:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3254:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3212:Doukas family
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3048:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3014:
3009:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2859:
2858:Basil Chotzas
2856:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2811:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2733:
2728:
2726:
2721:
2719:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2697:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2275:Theodora (II)
2273:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2183:
2182:Constantine V
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2167:Anastasius II
2165:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1990:Theodosius II
1988:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1798:Valentinian I
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1721:
1720:Constantine I
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1710:Constantius I
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1340:
1338:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1310:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1290:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1270:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1250:
1241:
1240:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1216:
1212:December 1204
1211:
1204:
1199:
1197:
1188:
1181:
1180:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1143:0-19-504652-8
1139:
1135:
1134:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1094:
1092:0-14-013705-X
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1019:9781855757332
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1002:0-8143-1764-2
998:
994:
993:
988:
984:
982:
981:9780199210671
978:
974:
970:
969:
955:
946:
937:
928:
919:
910:
901:
892:
883:
874:
865:
856:
849:
843:
836:
834:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
801:
792:
783:
774:
765:
759:Madden (1992)
756:
747:
738:
729:
720:
711:
703:
701:9789633862971
697:
693:
692:
683:
674:
665:
661:
651:
648:
646:
643:
642:
638:
627:
620:
618:
615:
611:
605:
603:
598:
594:
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586:
581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
557:
555:
551:
547:
542:
538:
536:
532:
530:
525:
520:
516:
510:
508:
500:
495:
486:
484:
480:
475:
471:
466:
463:
459:
455:
450:
448:
444:
443:
438:
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2852:Philadelphia
2789:Philadelphia
2771:(Asia Minor)
2605:Andronikos V
2603:
2586:
2534:
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2480:
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2421:
2334:
2328:
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2295:
2278:
2266:
2249:
2237:
2231:
2218:Nikephoros I
2193:
2192:
2186:
2153:
2150:Justinian II
2145:Tiberius III
2135:Justinian II
2126:
2120:
2103:
2055:
2027:Anastasius I
2018:
1962:
1958:Julius Nepos
1950:
1943:
1931:
1919:
1912:
1900:
1888:
1879:
1878:
1872:
1845:
1836:
1835:
1829:
1820:Theodosius I
1807:
1780:
1773:
1766:
1737:Maximinus II
1724:
1626:
1609:
1596:
1590:
1578:
1566:
1499:
1461:Lucius Verus
1314:
1313:
1294:
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1254:
1253:
1237:
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1151:
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945:
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931:Falk, p. 163
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610:Latin Empire
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511:
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483:Hagia Sophia
467:
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333:
308:Latin regime
291:Μούρτζουφλος
285:
281:
261:
245:
244:
213:Philokalina
190:Date unknown
131:Latin Empire
64:
36:
25:
3162:1204 deaths
3095:Paphlagonia
3054:(1204–1205)
3036:Leo Gabalas
3019:(1203–1204)
2963:Leo Sgouros
2915:(1195–1203)
2896:Paphlagonia
2817:(1185–1195)
2763:Adramyttion
2752:(1182–1185)
2742:, 1182–1205
2664:(1224–1242)
2658:(1204–1461)
2447:Konstantios
2324:Christopher
2297:Constantine
2287:Michael III
2268:Constantine
2251:Constantine
2233:Theophylact
2162:Philippicus
2112:Constans II
2037:Justinian I
1933:Severus III
1881:Constans II
1635:Claudius II
1611:Silbannacus
1558:Gordian III
1533:Maximinus I
1501:Diadumenian
973:The History
817:Alexios III
585:Mosynopolis
566:Petria Gate
370: 1140
304:Alexios III
296:palace coup
286:Murtzuphlus
175:Mosynopolis
170:Alexios III
101:Predecessor
3151:Categories
3050:After the
2842:Adrianople
2441:Andronikos
2429:Nikephoros
2378:Michael IV
2343:Romanos II
2263:Theophilos
2258:Michael II
2239:Staurakios
2223:Staurakios
2195:Nikephoros
2188:Artabasdos
2100:Heraclonas
2057:Theodosius
2015:Basiliscus
1775:Nepotianus
1768:Magnentius
1762:Constans I
1715:Severus II
1695:Diocletian
1640:Quintillus
1605:Aemilianus
1598:Volusianus
1543:Gordian II
1508:Elagabalus
1371:Principate
821:Alexios IV
656:References
535:fire-ships
137:Theodore I
122:(briefly?)
109:Alexios IV
92:Coronation
3105:Trebizond
2981:Macedonia
2971:Corinthia
2937:Macedonia
2900:Nicomedia
2828:Ivan Asen
2683:Classical
2668:Empresses
2652:(286–296)
2646:(267–273)
2640:(260–274)
2383:Michael V
2309:Alexander
2122:Heraclius
2090:Heraclius
2042:Justin II
1952:Glycerius
1939:Anthemius
1809:Procopius
1747:Martinian
1726:Maxentius
1655:Florianus
1628:Saloninus
1623:Gallienus
1592:Hostilian
1568:Philip II
1538:Gordian I
1486:Caracalla
1421:Vespasian
1416:Vitellius
1309:Baldwin I
1081:(1987) .
1050:Hellenika
1039:Byzantion
1033:1343-9626
825:Alexios V
805:Choniates
619:in 1261.
554:partition
531:Nikopoios
314:in 1261.
258:Latinized
164:Trebizond
159:Alexios I
148:Michael I
126:Baldwin I
115:Successor
3013:Isaac II
3001:Thessaly
2832:Bulgaria
2824:Theodore
2678:Usurpers
2673:Augustae
2631:See also
2536:Nicholas
2358:Basil II
2155:Tiberius
2140:Leontius
2128:Tiberius
2105:Tiberius
2083:610–1453
2078:Eastern/
2032:Justin I
1985:Arcadius
1945:Olybrius
1927:Majorian
1868:Honorius
1847:Eugenius
1782:Vetranio
1732:Licinius
1705:Galerius
1700:Maximian
1685:Dominate
1675:Numerian
1645:Aurelian
1618:Valerian
1563:Philip I
1553:Balbinus
1548:Pupienus
1496:Macrinus
1471:Pertinax
1466:Commodus
1431:Domitian
1396:Claudius
1391:Caligula
1386:Tiberius
1381:Augustus
1054:Έλληνικά
989:(1984).
809:299-314.
623:See also
593:Anatolia
462:Venetian
352:Komnenoi
234:Religion
105:Isaac II
42:Autocrat
3135:Phrygia
3085:Methone
2967:Argolid
2957:Phrygia
2947:Laconia
2688:Eastern
2588:Matthew
2482:Alexios
2330:Stephen
2292:Basil I
2177:Leo III
2052:Maurice
1995:Marcian
1978:395–610
1902:Joannes
1861:395–480
1815:Gratian
1688:284–610
1670:Carinus
1650:Tacitus
1526:235–285
1446:Hadrian
1205:unknown
1198:dynasty
1196:Angelid
589:blinded
529:Panagia
507:Angeloi
489:Emperor
387:sekreta
300:blinded
223:Dynasty
202:1205-01
200: (
44:of the
38:Emperor
3125:Nicaea
3115:Epirus
3075:Amisus
3040:Rhodes
3011:Under
2927:Thrace
2923:Ivanko
2910:Under
2862:Tarsia
2813:Under
2803:Nicaea
2799:Prussa
2779:Cyprus
2748:Under
2450:&
2426:&
2333:&
2304:Leo VI
2280:Thekla
2236:&
2203:Leo IV
2125:&
2064:Phocas
2020:Marcus
2005:Leo II
1921:Avitus
1838:Victor
1803:Valens
1793:Jovian
1788:Julian
1660:Probus
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1575:Decius
1523:Crisis
1441:Trajan
1208:
1140:
1114:
1089:
1048:", in
1031:
1017:
999:
979:
698:
570:Thrace
524:Virgin
278:Doukas
264:, was
210:Spouse
153:Epirus
142:Nicaea
46:Romans
2246:Leo V
2213:Irene
2000:Leo I
1665:Carus
1436:Nerva
1426:Titus
1406:Galba
1358:Roman
1243:1204
1210:Died:
1203:Born:
807:, p.
526:(the
458:Latin
420:) by
250:Greek
83:Reign
3015:and
2969:and
2826:and
2801:and
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1401:Nero
1360:and
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1029:ISSN
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977:ISBN
696:ISBN
195:Died
187:Born
107:and
40:and
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2368:Zoe
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1295:as
1275:as
1255:as
1229:and
284:or
260:as
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