510:
228:
985:
31:
580:, however, continued to oppose Alexander and in 1487, he invited Constantine II to return to Imereti. The Kartlian and Mingrelian forces, allied with certain Imeretian noble factions, then invaded the domains of Alexander, who was forced to abandon his capital again and fortify himself in a citadel. When Constantine's mountain militias besieged Alexander, the latter took refuge in the mountains of the north of the country and Constantine and Liparit took control of the fortresses loyal to the son of
509:
330:, and his wife, a certain Helene. While Georgian sources make little mention of Alexander's brotherhood, it is likely that he was the second son of Bagrat, with some contemporary documents mentioning a Vakhtang as Bagrat's eldest son. It is likely that Vakhtang died very young, between 1454 and 1468.
668:
Having become independent, Alexander II must face an unstable kingdom and a powerful nobility who constantly threaten his power. He spent his first years on the throne trying to establish his power by waging war against recalcitrant lords: several were executed and others were confiscated of their
427:
The collapse of the royal army was accompanied by the betrayal of the nobles of
Imereti, who pledged allegiance to Constantine in 1479. Alexander fortified himself in a citadel, while the mountaineers of Constantine and the Mingrelian troops of Vameq II together captured Kutaisi. In this center of
475:
As much as he governs the two provinces and leads a resistance to the central power. In 1483, he married a certain Tamar and it is possible that he used the opportunity to have himself crowned as anti-king by the local nobility. The same year, Constantine II received a decisive defeat at the
419:, leaving Alexander without his capital. His troops quickly retreated from Kartli and many fortresses across central Georgia fell successively to the troops of Constantine, who replaced the minor nobles installed by Bagrat VI and Alexander II with loyal governors. In 1479,
659:
integrated into
Mingrelia: a decentralized and unstable western Georgia can open the doors to future reconquest. A final treaty was signed between Constantine and Alexander in 1491, a year after the decision of the royal council (or 1493 according to some sources).
646:
created in 1008. A series of peace treaties were then signed between
Constantine and the numerous regional leaders. In Imereti, Tbilisi negotiated a recognition of the borders of Alexander II, while the latter was obliged to accept considerable autonomy for
349:, who also claimed the Georgian crown, and in 1468 the two reached an agreement toward a temporary peace: Bagrat VI remained king of Georgia and agreed to divide the kingdom upon his death, with Constantine inheriting Kartli and Alexander, Western Georgia.
282:, he quickly took refuge in the northern mountains of western Georgia, where he continued the civil war for several years. He returned to power in 1484 following the national chaos which prevented Constantine from defending his domains and was crowned
423:
was captured by
Constantine II and Alexander took refuge in Kutaisi. Vameq II Dadiani, who wishes to take revenge on the inheritance of Bagrat VI for the latter's autocracy, forms an alliance with Constantine and helps the latter to invade Imereti.
595:, fearing a new revolt from Alexander. Thus, when Ya'qub invaded Kartli once again in 1488, he resisted demands for his return and sent two of his generals to fight in his place. However, Ya'qub managed to lay siege to
618:
invaded
Imereti and captured many strategic fortresses without giving Constantine the opportunity to retaliate. Kutaisi fell in a short time, marking the final separation of Imereti, a separation that lasted until the
428:
western
Georgia, Constantine II received the allegiance of the dukes of Mingrelia and Guria, left a battalion in the city to protect it against a potential future attack by Alexander and left to fight against
759:. Contemporary documents show that Alexander quickly became involved in the internal affairs of Svaneti and during a political conflict over domination of the mountain province, he supported the
787:. While a similar reform in Kakheti gave the monarch great control over his army, Alexander's changes allowed the nobility to increase their powers, further dividing the small kingdom.
944:
to reconquer the provinces occupied by the
Imeretians, but failed to free the prisoners captured as slaves by the Ottomans. The invasion is detailed by the Turkish historian
642:. However, the great Georgian nobility who sat on the council feared seeing Constantine's powers increase considerably and decided to officially dissolve the
2340:
865:, the Ottomans largely ignored western Georgia during the second half of the fifteenth century. This policy changed, however, under the reign of Sultan
1629:
669:
lands and titles of nobility or replaced by other nobles loyal to him. His biggest problem, however, remained with the great princes who governed the
826:, a coalition to in which Alexander II does not participate. In 1505, Constantine, archnemesis of Alexander, died and left his kingdom to his son,
552:
Constantine II continued his war to reunify
Georgia and attempted to invade Imereti in 1485, but was defeated by Alexander and a nobleman from the
305:
in a first invasion which inaugurated the geopolitical conflicts of the region for the next centuries. On his death in 1510, he was succeeded by
1904:
286:. His reign remained unstable and suffered two more invasions from Constantine in 1485 and 1487, before finally gaining his throne in 1489.
496:
in the name of
Constantine, died and Alexander saw these events as an opportunity to regain power and embarked on a new military campaign.
521:
in 1484 and had himself crowned as
Alexander II, king of Likht-Imereti (ლიხთ-იმერეთი, meaning "the nation on this side of the Likhi", the
411:
While the royal army remained under Alexander's control, Constantine II quickly captured Tbilisi with the help of mountain militias from
606:, Alexander II managed to make peace with the Imeretian and Liparit nobility of Mingrelia. In 1489, a coalition of mountain forces from
452:, in fact, says that Alexander remained attached to the idea of his hereditary right to the Georgian throne as the eldest descendant of
227:
289:
The formal division of Georgia in 1490 made Alexander II one of the four independent Georgian rulers, as well as the founder of the
1622:
1485:
275:
1457:
1897:
1615:
293:. He devoted his reign to reforming the internal situation of the country, while facing the autonomous ambitions of
833:
Alexander uses the weakness of the young king to try to reunify Georgia under his scepter. In 1509, he crossed the
49:
448:, where he formed an alliance with the local people and continued to claim his father's throne. The genealogist
1913:
1772:
569:
1917:
1890:
1562:
1638:
338:
250:
44:
1733:
1009:
327:
174:
533:. Following his coronation, he invaded the rest of the region, without however succeeding in subduing
2335:
2291:
2271:
2178:
2073:
1867:
1572:
807:
795:
701:
652:
627:
603:
577:
542:
465:
361:
346:
294:
279:
79:
2241:
1974:
1837:
1752:
894:
744:
656:
401:
214:
2310:
2300:
2281:
2231:
1994:
1786:
965:
756:
405:
389:
995:
In 1483, Alexander II married a certain Tamar, whose origins are unknown, their childrens were:
681:. With them, he only found peace after an agreement that defined the rest of the history of the
278:
which divided the kingdom into several independent states. Expelled by the pretender, his uncle
2276:
2216:
2211:
2188:
2173:
2148:
2029:
1852:
1842:
1688:
811:
2305:
2246:
2128:
2054:
2019:
1969:
1944:
1832:
1698:
1663:
1599:
1445:
999:
973:
956:
In March 1510, Queen Tamar died, while Alexander prepared a plan to launch an incursion into
878:
806:
The lack of unity between the four Georgian sovereigns was revealed once again in 1500, when
791:
748:
705:
648:
306:
298:
170:
114:
2345:
2221:
2183:
2118:
2113:
2039:
2034:
2014:
1964:
1949:
1857:
1708:
1678:
1673:
1582:
1555:
581:
357:
342:
323:
271:
196:
104:
69:
869:(1481-1512), who focused on his eastern borders to fight against the influence of the new
599:, forcing Constantine to leave defenseless Imereti, leaving Alexander to return to power.
460:, writing in the 16th century, justifies Alexander's genealogical claim. Modern historian
8:
2266:
2158:
2143:
2088:
2083:
2049:
2044:
1999:
1989:
1979:
1827:
1817:
1801:
1762:
1668:
945:
862:
468:
made Alexander Duke of Racha and Lechkhumi in 1479, with residence at the royal court of
457:
453:
397:
2236:
2202:
2123:
2108:
2098:
2024:
1930:
1757:
1713:
1654:
1642:
1589:
1469:
The Fifteenth-Century Bagratids and the Institution of Collegial Sovereignty in Georgia
874:
815:
768:
716:
709:
682:
674:
643:
639:
635:
631:
630:
brought together his royal council to decide on a plan of action for the reconquest of
573:
557:
530:
481:
429:
290:
283:
264:
186:
86:
2261:
2103:
2093:
2078:
2064:
2009:
1984:
1959:
1481:
1453:
941:
827:
764:
752:
477:
260:
240:
157:
2256:
2251:
2226:
2133:
2004:
1954:
1703:
989:
984:
969:
933:
678:
565:
489:
393:
141:
36:
1882:
841:. Alexander II continued his advance and soon annexed the entire northwest of the
798:, guaranteeing the latter's aid against the rebellious minor nobility of Imereti.
517:
With the help of his mountain forces, Alexander captured a weakened and abandoned
2192:
2168:
2153:
913:
898:
461:
449:
301:. After a failed attempt to reconquer central Georgia in 1509, Imereti faced the
30:
794:, the heir of Alexander II. The same year, he signed a new peace agreement with
1029:
961:
921:
920:
and son of the sultan, invaded on November 23, 1509, at the head of an army of
904:
In 1509, the Ottomans used the absence of Alexander II, who was campaigning in
854:
819:
620:
588:
392:. His coronation failed, however, when the ceremony was boycotted by the dukes
302:
2329:
1022:
937:
857:
gained power but, despite a rapid military incursion in 1461 to dissuade the
838:
553:
420:
771:, he embarked on a military reform which divided the armed forces into four
1796:
870:
823:
723:
373:
1607:
2163:
1847:
1747:
964:. He contracted an illness "as painful as it was sick", according to the
834:
522:
2138:
1791:
866:
729:
Mingrelia and Guria are forced to provide the royal army with soldiers;
690:
412:
1028:
Anonymous princess, who was married twice, secondly to George, son of
1015:
Prince George (fl. 1511 – 1545), who was married to a woman named Ana.
1012:(after 1495 – 1548), sometime in opposition to his brother Bagrat III.
1781:
1722:
1526:. Saint-Pétersbourg: Imprimerie de l'Académie impériale des Sciences.
1499:. Saint-Pétersbourg: Imprimerie de l'Académie impériale des sciences.
890:
858:
784:
760:
670:
611:
534:
445:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1822:
1742:
1718:
1683:
957:
925:
886:
772:
697:
689:
The Crown is no longer involved in the internal affairs of the two
546:
377:
221:
440:
After his defeat in 1479, Alexander retreated to the mountains of
1693:
1336:
929:
917:
909:
776:
736:
615:
596:
592:
518:
493:
485:
469:
416:
385:
381:
369:
181:
130:
732:
The lands of the two principalities remain open for royal hunts;
1048:
1046:
968:, and died on April 1, 1510. He is buried with his wife at the
905:
882:
842:
561:
526:
365:
334:
384:, the capital, and Alexander tries to have himself crowned in
1369:
1357:
1324:
1312:
780:
607:
538:
525:
being the mountain range separating western Georgia from the
441:
1135:
1043:
16:
King of Georgia (r. 1478) and King of Imereti (r. 1483–1510)
873:. From the beginning of the 1500s, an Ottoman army invaded
255:
1398:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1302:
1300:
1246:
936:, the religious center of western Georgia. Alexander left
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1152:
1150:
1123:
529:), a declaration of independence against the rest of the
1236:
1234:
1194:
1192:
1179:
1177:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1021:
Princess Tinatin, who was married Spiridon Beenashvili (
1002:(1495–1565), who succeeded Alexander as king of Imereti.
1539:] (in Georgian). Vol. 6. Tbilisi: Metsniereba.
1381:
1297:
1221:
1219:
1094:
1092:
1090:
364:, Alexander attempted to capture the reins of power in
1410:
1258:
1204:
1147:
1058:
1422:
1285:
1231:
1189:
1174:
1104:
1070:
743:
Alexander II also tried to force his jurisdiction in
274:, he briefly succeeded his father in 1478 during the
1216:
1087:
1912:
1162:
591:tribes to enforce his jurisdiction. He remained in
775:, headed by the king and the hereditary lords of
715:The sovereigns of Mingrelia automatically become
408:, their absence removing Alexander's legitimacy.
312:
2327:
708:are freed from their obligation to pay taxes to
763:-Kuchaidze clan. Imitating his colleagues from
1530:
1466:
1375:
1363:
1351:
1330:
1318:
1141:
1052:
244:
1898:
1623:
928:. The invaders ravaged the kingdom, captured
881:and temporarily confiscated the provinces of
663:
360:died in 1478 and, despite his agreement with
2341:Bagrationi dynasty of the Kingdom of Imereti
988:Alexander II and Queen Tamar, fresco at the
560:. The Georgian king was forced to return to
456:(r. 1245-1293), while the Turkish historian
1637:
1444:
837:with a large army and captured the city of
326:, Duke of Samokalako and then anti-king in
1905:
1891:
1630:
1616:
889:. At the same time, the Ottomans used the
790:In 1495, Queen Tamar gave birth to Prince
739:right to confirm the succession of a duke.
587:Constantine secured his conquest by using
1475:
1452:(2 ed.). Rowman & Littlefield.
1392:
1306:
1156:
1064:
983:
722:The sovereigns of Guria likewise became
508:
1521:
1494:
1428:
1416:
1404:
1291:
1279:
1252:
1240:
1210:
1198:
1183:
1129:
1117:
1098:
1081:
372:. But Constantine, who already governs
2328:
1517:. London: Routledge & Keagan Paul.
901:tribe into their sphere of influence.
1886:
1611:
1524:Voyage archéologique en Transcaucasie
1512:
1503:
1478:Edge of Empires, a History of Georgia
1225:
1168:
801:
352:
2292:Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (Georgia)
848:
484:and was forced to withdraw towards
345:. Bagrat VI quickly opposed Prince
13:
513:Royal charter of King Alexander II
499:
14:
2357:
1545:
1531:Berdzenishvili, Nikoloz (1973).
1522:Brosset, Marie-Félicité (1851).
1515:A History of the Georgian People
1506:Histoire de la nation géorgienne
1495:Brosset, Marie-Félicité (1858).
1450:Historical Dictionary of Georgia
726:, commander of the royal troops;
226:
35:Alexander II, a fresco from the
29:
1438:
1005:Prince David (fl. 1510 – 1524).
853:On the borders of Imereti, the
504:
492:, who secured central power in
276:Georgian civil war of 1463–1491
1773:Kingdom of Georgia (1256-1329)
1533:Საქართველოს ისტორიის საკითხები
1497:Histoire moderne de la Géorgie
1467:Toumanoff, Cyril (1949–1951).
623:invasion in the 19th century.
313:Early life and King of Georgia
1:
1036:
976:succeeded him to the throne.
932:, burned the capital and the
388:, in western Georgia, by the
1508:. Paris: Édition Nino Salia.
1018:Prince Demetrius (fl. 1511).
626:In 1490, Tbilisi liberated,
602:With a serious situation in
435:
333:In 1466, his father invaded
249:; died April 1, 1510) was a
7:
861:from intervening in aid of
568:began a series of military
163:
10:
2362:
1734:Kingdom of Western Georgia
1537:Issues of Georgian history
1480:. London: Reaktion Books.
664:Formation of a new kingdom
2290:
2201:
2063:
1929:
1925:
1811:Reunification (1329–1490)
1810:
1771:
1732:
1653:
1649:
1596:
1587:
1579:
1569:
1560:
1552:
1504:Salia, Kalistrat (1980).
1476:Rayfield, Donald (2012).
979:
940:immediately, authorizing
545:was occupied by a war in
322:Alexander was the son of
245:
220:
210:
202:
192:
180:
156:
148:
136:
124:
120:
110:
100:
92:
85:
75:
65:
57:
43:
28:
21:
1532:
951:
464:, however, assumes that
317:
215:Georgian Orthodox Church
751:, as well as the ducal
735:The king preserves the
1513:Allen, W.E.D. (1932).
1446:Mikaberidze, Alexander
992:
812:Alexander I of Kakheti
514:
390:Catholicos of Abkhazia
1000:Bagrat III of Imereti
987:
948:in the 16th century.
908:, to invade Imereti.
897:and incorporated the
512:
171:Bagrat III of Imereti
1775:(in eastern Georgia)
747:by subduing Solomon
564:in 1486 when Sultan
343:Bagrat VI of Georgia
272:Bagrat VI of Georgia
197:Bagrat VI of Georgia
1407:, pp. 213–214.
1376:Berdzenishvili 1973
1364:Berdzenishvili 1973
1354:, pp. 168–169.
1352:Berdzenishvili 1973
1331:Berdzenishvili 1973
1319:Toumanoff 1949–1951
1255:, pp. 252–253.
1142:Toumanoff 1949–1951
1132:, pp. 251–152.
1053:Toumanoff 1949–1951
966:Georgian Chronicles
934:Monastery of Gelati
454:David VI of Georgia
398:Kakhaber II Gurieli
337:and was proclaimed
267:from 1483 to 1510.
2203:Kingdom of Kakheti
1931:Kingdom of Imereti
1655:Kingdom of Georgia
993:
875:Samtskhe-Saatabago
816:Kaikhosro I Jaqeli
802:Invasion of Kartli
717:Mandaturtukhutsesi
683:kingdom of Imereti
675:Liparit II Dadiani
644:kingdom of Georgia
574:Liparit II Dadiani
572:into his domains.
558:Battle of Chikhori
531:Kingdom of Georgia
515:
482:Samtskhe-Saatabago
430:Samtskhe-Saatabago
291:Kingdom of Imereti
187:Bagrationi dynasty
2323:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2065:Kingdom of Kartli
1880:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1606:
1605:
1597:Succeeded by
1570:Succeeded by
1487:978-1-78023-070-2
942:David X of Kartli
478:Battle of Aradeti
353:Short-lived ruler
234:
233:
2353:
2336:Kings of Imereti
1927:
1926:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1884:
1883:
1651:
1650:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1609:
1608:
1580:Preceded by
1553:Preceded by
1550:
1549:
1540:
1527:
1518:
1509:
1500:
1491:
1472:
1463:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1304:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1238:
1229:
1223:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1187:
1181:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1145:
1139:
1133:
1127:
1121:
1115:
1102:
1096:
1085:
1079:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1050:
990:Gelati Monastery
970:Gelati Monastery
849:Ottoman invasion
679:Giorgi I Gurieli
490:Vameq II Dadiani
394:Vameq II Dadiani
378:Georgian Armenia
248:
247:
230:
167:
142:Gelati Monastery
37:Gelati Monastery
33:
19:
18:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2315:
2286:
2197:
2059:
1921:
1911:
1881:
1872:
1806:
1767:
1728:
1704:Tamar the Great
1645:
1636:
1602:
1593:
1590:King of Imereti
1585:
1575:
1566:
1563:King of Georgia
1558:
1548:
1534:
1488:
1460:
1441:
1436:
1435:
1427:
1423:
1415:
1411:
1403:
1399:
1391:
1382:
1374:
1370:
1362:
1358:
1350:
1337:
1329:
1325:
1317:
1313:
1305:
1298:
1290:
1286:
1278:
1259:
1251:
1247:
1239:
1232:
1224:
1217:
1209:
1205:
1197:
1190:
1182:
1175:
1167:
1163:
1155:
1148:
1140:
1136:
1128:
1124:
1116:
1105:
1097:
1088:
1080:
1071:
1063:
1059:
1051:
1044:
1039:
982:
954:
924:established in
922:North Caucasian
851:
822:coalition with
818:formed an anti-
804:
666:
604:eastern Georgia
589:North Caucasian
507:
502:
500:King of Imereti
462:Donald Rayfield
450:Cyril Toumanoff
438:
355:
339:king of Georgia
328:Western Georgia
320:
315:
284:king of Imereti
263:in 1478 and of
173:
161:
160:
144:
129:
87:King of Imereti
53:
45:King of Georgia
39:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2359:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2297:
2295:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2272:Constantine II
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2208:
2206:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2186:
2181:
2179:Constantine II
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2074:Constantine II
2070:
2068:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
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1995:Alexander IV
1940:Alexander II
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1787:Demetrius II
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237:Alexander II
236:
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164:Among others
162:
2346:1510 deaths
2294:(1762–1801)
2277:Teimuraz II
2217:Alexander I
2212:George VIII
2205:(1465–1762)
2189:Teimuraz II
2164:Vakhtang VI
2149:Heraclius I
2067:(1478–1762)
2030:Alexander V
1933:(1463–1810)
1920:(1463–1810)
1853:George VIII
1848:Vakhtang IV
1843:Alexander I
1748:Vakhtang II
1736:(1256—1329)
1689:Demetrius I
1657:(1008—1256)
543:Constantine
488:. In 1484,
362:Constantine
347:Constantine
101:Predecessor
66:Predecessor
2330:Categories
2306:George XII
2247:Teimuraz I
2139:Vakhtang V
2129:Teimuraz I
2119:Bagrat VII
2114:Luarsab II
2055:Solomon II
2020:George VII
1990:George III
1970:George III
1945:Bagrat III
1833:George VII
1792:David VIII
1699:George III
1664:Bagrat III
1600:Bagrat III
1594:1483–1510
1226:Allen 1932
1169:Salia 1980
1037:References
974:Bagrat III
972:. His son
867:Bayezid II
755:family of
576:, Duke of
570:incursions
566:Ya'qub Beg
413:Khevsureti
307:Bagrat III
115:Bagrat III
2311:David XII
2262:Archil II
2232:Alexander
2222:George II
2184:Ali Mirza
2159:Kaikhosro
2144:George XI
2089:Luarsab I
2084:George IX
2040:Solomon I
2035:George IX
2025:George IV
2015:George VI
2010:Mamia III
1965:Bagrat IV
1950:George II
1858:Bagrat VI
1782:David VII
1725:(jointly)
1723:David VII
1709:George IV
1679:George II
1674:Bagrat IV
1583:Bagrat VI
1556:Bagrat VI
918:Trebizond
891:Black Sea
863:Trebizond
859:Georgians
785:Lechkhumi
761:Japaridze
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673:regions,
671:Black Sea
653:Mingrelia
612:Lechkhumi
582:Bagrat VI
578:Mingrelia
535:Mingrelia
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358:Bagrat VI
295:Mingrelia
111:Successor
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96:1484–1510
76:Successor
70:Bagrat VI
2267:David II
2124:Simon II
2109:George X
2099:David XI
2050:David II
2045:Teimuraz
2000:George V
1980:Bagrat V
1914:Triarchy
1828:Bagrat V
1823:David IX
1818:George V
1802:George V
1763:Bagrat I
1743:David VI
1719:David VI
1684:David IV
1669:George I
1448:(2015).
1010:Vakhtang
962:Ottomans
958:Anatolia
926:Anatolia
895:Abkhazia
773:Sadrosho
753:Gelovani
745:Abkhazia
657:Abkhazia
640:Samtskhe
547:Samtskhe
541:, while
480:against
402:Abkhazia
303:Ottomans
241:Georgian
222:Khelrtva
211:Religion
175:Vakhtang
2237:David I
2104:Simon I
2094:Simon I
2079:David X
1918:Georgia
1758:Michael
1714:Rusudan
1694:David V
1008:Prince
930:Kutaisi
914:Ottoman
887:Chaneti
828:David X
820:Ottoman
777:Argveti
769:Kakheti
757:Svaneti
737:de jure
710:Imereti
655:, with
636:Imereti
632:Kakheti
621:Russian
616:Svaneti
597:Tbilisi
593:Kutaisi
519:Kutaisi
494:Imereti
486:Tbilisi
470:Kutaisi
417:Tusheti
406:Svaneti
386:Kutaisi
382:Tbilisi
370:Imereti
270:Son of
265:Imereti
261:Georgia
182:Dynasty
131:Kutaisi
50:more...
2257:Rostom
2191:&
2134:Rostom
1985:Archil
1960:Rostom
1484:
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980:Family
906:Kartli
883:Adjara
843:Kartli
792:Bagrat
765:Kartli
562:Kartli
527:Kartli
366:Kartli
335:Kartli
324:Bagrat
243::
206:Helene
203:Mother
193:Father
149:Spouse
137:Burial
2252:Jesse
2227:Levan
2193:Tamar
2174:Bakar
2169:Jesse
2154:Levan
2005:Simon
1955:Levan
1639:Kings
1567:1478
1535:[
952:Death
910:Selim
879:Guria
835:Likhi
781:Racha
706:Guria
698:dukes
649:Guria
608:Racha
539:Guria
523:Likhi
442:Racha
318:Youth
299:Guria
259:) of
158:Issue
152:Tamar
93:Reign
58:Reign
1482:ISBN
1454:ISBN
938:Gori
899:Jiks
885:and
877:and
839:Gori
814:and
783:and
767:and
704:and
696:The
677:and
651:and
638:and
614:and
537:and
444:and
421:Gori
415:and
404:and
376:and
368:and
297:and
256:mepe
251:king
125:Died
61:1478
1916:in
1641:of
700:of
341:as
2332::
1383:^
1338:^
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1906:e
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1490:.
1471:.
1462:.
1032:.
719:;
712:;
693:;
253:(
239:(
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