109:
132:
265:. Snakes have long been grouped into families within Alethinophidia based on their morphology, especially that of their teeth. More modern phylogenetic hypotheses using genetic data support the recognition of 19 extant families (see below), although the taxonomy of alethinophidian snakes has long been debated, and ultimately the decision whether to assign a particular clade to a particular
2522:
1109:
1258:"Combining phylogenomic and supermatrix approaches, and a time-calibrated phylogeny for squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) based on 52 genes and 4162 species"
1011:
486:, 1825—boas (see article for comments on former families or subfamilies Calabariidae/inae, Sanziniidae/inae, Charinidae/inae, Erycidae/inae, Candoiidae/inae)
891:
752:
1767:
679:
1429:
Hsiang, Allison Y.; Field, Daniel J.; Webster, Timothy H.; Behlke, Adam DB; Davis, Matthew B.; Racicot, Rachel A.; Gauthier, Jacques A. (2015-05-20).
1300:
The Major Clades of Living Snakes: Morphological
Evolution, Molecular Phylogeny, and Divergence Dates in Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Snakes
882:
356:
927:
900:
352:
1431:"The origin of snakes: revealing the ecology, behavior, and evolutionary history of early snakes using genomics, phenomics, and the fossil record"
846:
683:
837:
371:
2517:
1562:
918:
377:
361:
1594:
936:
909:
873:
855:
391:
864:
295:
2140:
2440:
1028:
2512:
2445:
1496:
1024:
1344:
947:
208:
1140:
1379:
1110:"Toward a Tree-of-Life for the boas and pythons: multilocus species-level phylogeny with unprecedented taxon sampling"
1545:
1181:
2479:
1587:
1315:
The higher-level relationships of alethinophidian snakes inferred from seven nuclear and mitochondrial genes
2133:
131:
307:
2152:
1580:
1257:
2484:
2418:
1199:"A species-level phylogeny of extant snakes with description of a new colubrid subfamily and genus"
801:
586:
521:
1051:"A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes"
539:
2507:
2126:
455:
2471:
2380:
1012:"Mid-Cretaceous (Cenomanian) snakes from Wadi Abu Hashim, Sudan: The earliest snake assemblage"
784:
774:
643:
633:
616:
606:
596:
2466:
2458:
270:
2427:
1442:
1210:
1062:
8:
718:
511:
334:
1446:
1214:
1066:
2290:
1539:
1473:
1430:
1233:
1198:
1085:
1050:
808:
749:
560:
126:
787:, 1811—colubrids, typical snakes (subfamilies sometimes considered distinct families)
2453:
1698:
1478:
1460:
1385:
1375:
1313:
Vidal, N.; Delmas, A. S.; Hedges, S. B. (2007). Henderson, R. W.; Powell, R. (eds.).
1280:
1238:
1177:
1132:
1090:
762:
549:
501:
266:
742:
655:
2353:
2275:
2005:
1780:
1688:
1673:
1527:
1468:
1450:
1272:
1228:
1218:
1197:
Figueroa, A.; McKelvy, A. D.; Grismer, L. L.; Bell, C. D.; Lailvaux, S. P. (2016).
1173:
1169:
1124:
1080:
1070:
957:
725:
669:
483:
274:
108:
2363:
2215:
2048:
2015:
1958:
1678:
1223:
739:
546:
1276:
1128:
431:
distribution; they are notable for preserving evidence of vestigial hindlimbs.
2343:
2300:
2285:
2088:
1995:
1938:
1913:
1908:
1885:
1865:
1803:
1775:
1721:
1521:
983:
944:
715:
704:
665:
465:
462:
424:
408:
1531:
1455:
2501:
2403:
2348:
2335:
2325:
2280:
2255:
2210:
2200:
2043:
2033:
2000:
1987:
1963:
1928:
1918:
1855:
1850:
1828:
1683:
1464:
1389:
977:
964:
954:
791:
759:
732:
583:
576:
556:
366:
290:
262:
118:
62:
1298:
Scanlon, J. D.; Lee, M. S. Y. (2011). Aldridge, R. D.; Sever, D. M. (eds.).
1075:
2320:
2315:
2265:
2250:
2240:
2235:
2103:
2068:
1968:
1943:
1870:
1795:
1482:
1284:
1242:
1136:
1094:
708:
690:
676:
652:
593:
530:
518:
428:
416:
2412:
2358:
2305:
2270:
2260:
2225:
2093:
2078:
2058:
2010:
1948:
1923:
1880:
1842:
1823:
1745:
1731:
1693:
771:
623:
569:
536:
508:
492:
446:
420:
229:
37:
2295:
2230:
2083:
2063:
1757:
1716:
1708:
1668:
1317:. Eagle Mountain, Utah, USA: Eagle Mountain Publishing. pp. 27–33.
815:
798:
781:
630:
498:
412:
382:
330:
326:
254:
224:
98:
82:
47:
2205:
2038:
1978:
1953:
1933:
1860:
1808:
1650:
662:
640:
613:
452:
400:
348:
343:
312:
300:
278:
143:
87:
31:
2374:
1572:
2397:
2245:
2182:
2170:
2073:
1903:
1875:
1818:
1813:
1741:
1634:
1622:
1603:
1404:
701:
603:
183:
163:
77:
72:
57:
52:
42:
2432:
2176:
2118:
1895:
1785:
1628:
474:
404:
173:
92:
67:
745:, 1858—African burrowing asps, stiletto snakes, harlequin snakes
2220:
2164:
2053:
1616:
1330:
Herpetology: an introductory biology of amphibians and reptiles
1164:
Streicher, J. W.; Ruane, S. (2018). "Phylogenomics of Snakes".
480:
396:
258:
153:
2310:
2149:
2098:
1726:
1660:
1332:(4th ed.). Burlington: Academic Press. pp. 108–109.
386:
338:
193:
1566:
1196:
1428:
755:, 1975—Malagasy hognose snakes, brook snakes, and allies
721:, 1893—mole snake, western keeled snake, and mock vipers
347:
presents the vertebral morphology similar to modern-day
289:
1107:
1523:
351:. Two extinct families from the same location, the
1302:. Enfield, NH: Science Publishers. pp. 55–95.
1048:
1312:
1049:Pyron, R. A.; Burbrink, F.; Wiens, J. J. (2013).
2499:
1108:Reynolds, RG; Niemiller, ML; Revell, LJ (2014).
468:, 1951—Caribbean dwarf "boas" or thunder snakes
1163:
707:, 1827—Cobras, coral snakes, mambas, taipans,
579:Wallach & Günther, 1998—Spine-jawed snakes
2134:
1588:
1520:Gower, David J.; Zaher, Hussam (2022-08-11).
1249:
2523:Taxa named by Franz Nopcsa von Felső-Szilvás
1327:
2141:
2127:
1595:
1581:
1526:. Cambridge University Press. p. 58.
1519:
1297:
1255:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
365:is the earliest russellophiid. The family
325:Fossils of alethinophidians were found in
107:
1472:
1454:
1232:
1222:
1190:
1101:
1084:
1074:
636:, 1811—pitvipers (including rattlesnakes)
1497:"Search results | The Reptile Database"
1029:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
997:
668:, 1827 (merged with Colubroidea by the
395:(belongs to Aniliidae) appeared in the
2500:
1369:
1306:
2379:
2378:
2122:
1602:
1576:
1328:Vitt, L. J.; Caldwell, J. P. (2014).
1265:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1117:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
626:Liem, Marx and Rabb, 1971—Fea's viper
619:, 1811—vipers (including pit vipers)
359:, also belong to the Alethinophidia.
1372:Abrégé du dictionnaire grec français
735:Dowling, 1967—sand snakes and allies
305:), meaning "truthful, genuine", and
261:that includes all snakes other than
2518:Extant Cretaceous first appearances
1345:"Serpentes at The Reptile Database"
1336:
1017:
831:Based on Gower & Zaher (2022):
13:
2148:
1402:
14:
2534:
1556:
572:Hoffstetter, 1946—Splitjaw snakes
1405:"Greek-french dictionary online"
1342:
728:Gray, 1849—shovel-snouted snakes
514:, 1861—Mexican burrowing pythons
320:
130:
35:
1513:
1489:
1422:
1396:
1363:
1321:
1010:J.-C. Rage and C. Werner. 1999.
986:, overview of all snake genera.
1370:Bailly, Anatole (1981-01-01).
1291:
1174:10.1002/9780470015902.a0027476
1157:
1042:
980:, blind snakes, thread snakes.
826:
794:Dunn, 1928—hinged-teeth snakes
439:
434:
263:blind snakes and thread snakes
1:
1544:: CS1 maint: date and year (
1501:reptile-database.reptarium.cz
990:
2513:Cenomanian first appearances
1256:Zheng, Y; Wiens, JJ (2016).
1224:10.1371/journal.pone.0161070
284:
7:
1277:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.009
1129:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.11.011
971:
542:, 1832—shield-tailed snakes
10:
2539:
1569:. Accessed 14 August 2007.
913:Szyndlar & Bohme, 1996
609:, 1811—snail-eating snakes
589:, 1831—wart or file snakes
306:
294:
2387:
2334:
2191:
2159:
2024:
1986:
1977:
1894:
1841:
1794:
1766:
1753:
1740:
1707:
1659:
1643:
1611:
1532:10.1017/9781108938891.027
1456:10.1186/s12862-015-0358-5
868:Szyndlar & Rage, 2003
697:., 2023—two-headed snakes
375:from Wadi Abu Hashim and
221:
216:
127:Scientific classification
125:
115:
106:
23:
1435:BMC Evolutionary Biology
1055:BMC Evolutionary Biology
686:, 2017—Philippine snakes
599:, 1811—odd-scaled snakes
563:, 1993—dwarf pipe snakes
552:, 1843—Asian pipe snakes
399:. It is also existed in
1076:10.1186/1471-2148-13-93
931:Holman & Case, 1992
895:Scanferla et al., 2013
658:, 1864—Asian mudsnakes
369:includes both aquatic
2467:Paleobiology Database
940:Rage & Ford, 1980
922:Rage & Auge, 2010
559:Cundall, Wallach and
524:, 1845—sunbeam snakes
407:. The extinct marine
1349:The Reptile Database
458:, 1907—red pipesnake
337:in Wadi Abu Hashim,
317:), meaning "snake".
1447:2015BMCEE..15...87H
1374:. Paris: Hachette.
1215:2016PLoSO..1161070F
1067:2013BMCEE..13...93P
765:, 1843—lamprophiids
411:are known from the
335:Wadi Milk Formation
2291:Pseudoxyrhophiidae
809:Pseudoxenodontinae
750:Pseudoxyrhophiidae
646:, 1811—true vipers
2495:
2494:
2454:Open Tree of Life
2381:Taxon identifiers
2372:
2371:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2111:
1837:
1836:
1768:Gymnophthalmoidea
1699:Sphaerodactylidae
1409:www.tabularium.be
1403:Bailly, Anatole.
1271:(Pt B): 537–547.
237:
236:
212:
2530:
2488:
2487:
2475:
2474:
2462:
2461:
2449:
2448:
2436:
2435:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2376:
2375:
2354:Leptotyphlopidae
2276:Psammodynastidae
2143:
2136:
2129:
2120:
2119:
2006:Leptotyphlopidae
1984:
1983:
1781:Gymnophthalmidae
1751:
1750:
1689:Phyllodactylidae
1674:Carphodactylidae
1597:
1590:
1583:
1574:
1573:
1550:
1549:
1543:
1535:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1476:
1458:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1262:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1236:
1226:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1145:
1139:. Archived from
1114:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1088:
1078:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1025:"Alethinophidia"
1021:
1015:
1008:
804:, 1838—keelbacks
670:Reptile Database
316:
310:
304:
298:
281:) is arbitrary.
244:advanced snakes.
207:
135:
134:
111:
97:
34:
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2483:
2478:
2470:
2465:
2457:
2452:
2444:
2439:
2431:
2426:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2383:
2373:
2368:
2364:Xenotyphlopidae
2330:
2241:Cylindrophiidae
2216:Atractaspididae
2187:
2155:
2147:
2117:
2108:
2069:Cylindrophiidae
2049:Atractaspididae
2020:
2016:Xenotyphlopidae
1973:
1959:Phrynosomatidae
1890:
1833:
1790:
1762:
1736:
1703:
1679:Diplodactylidae
1655:
1639:
1607:
1601:
1559:
1554:
1553:
1537:
1536:
1518:
1514:
1505:
1503:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1427:
1423:
1413:
1411:
1401:
1397:
1382:
1368:
1364:
1354:
1352:
1341:
1337:
1326:
1322:
1311:
1307:
1296:
1292:
1260:
1254:
1250:
1209:(9): e0161070.
1195:
1191:
1184:
1162:
1158:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1112:
1106:
1102:
1047:
1043:
1033:
1031:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1009:
998:
993:
974:
883:Hoffstetterella
829:
818:Bonaparte, 1838
740:Atractaspididae
547:Cylindrophiidae
442:
437:
427:, indicating a
357:Russellophiidae
323:
287:
206:
129:
102:
96:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
29:
28:
25:
17:
16:Clade of snakes
12:
11:
5:
2536:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2508:Alethinophidia
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2476:
2463:
2450:
2437:
2424:
2419:Alethinophidia
2409:
2393:
2391:
2389:Alethinophidia
2385:
2384:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2344:Anomalepididae
2340:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2301:Tropidophiidae
2298:
2293:
2288:
2286:Pseudaspididae
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2197:
2195:
2193:Alethinophidia
2189:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2146:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2123:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2089:Tropidophiidae
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2028:
2026:Alethinophidia
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1996:Anomalepididae
1992:
1990:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1939:Leiocephalidae
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1914:Corytophanidae
1911:
1909:Chamaeleonidae
1906:
1900:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1886:Diploglossidae
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1866:Helodermatidae
1863:
1858:
1853:
1847:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1804:Amphisbaenidae
1800:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1776:Alopoglossidae
1772:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1722:Gerrhosauridae
1719:
1713:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1665:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1600:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1563:Alethinophidia
1558:
1557:External links
1555:
1552:
1551:
1512:
1488:
1421:
1395:
1381:978-2010035289
1380:
1362:
1335:
1320:
1305:
1290:
1248:
1189:
1182:
1156:
1100:
1041:
1016:
995:
994:
992:
989:
988:
987:
984:List of snakes
981:
973:
970:
969:
968:
961:
951:
941:
932:
928:Tuscahomaophis
923:
914:
905:
901:Platyspondylia
896:
887:
878:
869:
860:
851:
842:
828:
825:
824:
823:
822:
821:
820:
819:
812:
811:McDowell, 1987
805:
795:
768:
767:
766:
756:
746:
736:
729:
722:
716:Pseudaspididae
712:
698:
687:
659:
649:
648:
647:
637:
627:
610:
600:
590:
580:
573:
566:
565:
564:
553:
543:
527:
526:
525:
515:
505:
504:, 1826—pythons
489:
488:
487:
471:
470:
469:
463:Tropidophiidae
459:
441:
438:
436:
433:
425:Eastern Europe
353:Anomalophiidae
322:
319:
286:
283:
251:Alethinophidia
247:
246:
235:
234:
233:
232:
227:
219:
218:
214:
213:
204:Alethinophidia
201:
197:
196:
191:
187:
186:
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
123:
122:
113:
112:
104:
103:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
26:
24:Alethinophidia
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2535:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2486:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2429:
2425:
2420:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2377:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2349:Gerrhopilidae
2347:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2336:Scolecophidia
2333:
2327:
2326:Xenophidiidae
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
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2017:
2014:
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1146:on 2015-12-02
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769:
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760:Lamprophiidae
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364:
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321:Fossil record
318:
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291:Ancient Greek
282:
280:
276:
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268:
267:Linnaean rank
264:
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245:
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242:Common names:
239:
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119:Natrix natrix
116:Grass snake,
114:
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79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
33:
22:
19:
2388:
2321:Xenopeltidae
2316:Xenodermidae
2266:Micrelapidae
2251:Homalopsidae
2236:Cyclocoridae
2192:
2104:Xenopeltidae
2025:
1969:Tropiduridae
1944:Leiosauridae
1871:Xenosauridae
1796:Amphisbaenia
1522:
1515:
1504:. Retrieved
1500:
1491:
1438:
1434:
1424:
1412:. Retrieved
1408:
1398:
1371:
1365:
1353:. Retrieved
1348:
1338:
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1323:
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1308:
1299:
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1165:
1159:
1148:. Retrieved
1141:the original
1120:
1116:
1103:
1058:
1054:
1044:
1032:. Retrieved
1019:
1014:. 35, 85-110
935:
926:
917:
908:
899:
890:
881:
877:Holman, 1976
872:
863:
854:
850:Albino, 2018
845:
836:
830:
711:, and others
694:
691:Micrelapidae
677:Cyclocoridae
653:Homalopsidae
594:Xenodermidae
531:Uropeltoidea
529:Superfamily
519:Xenopeltidae
491:Superfamily
473:Superfamily
445:Superfamily
417:North Africa
390:
389:. The genus
376:
370:
360:
342:
324:
313:
301:
288:
250:
248:
241:
240:
203:
200:Infraorder:
117:
18:
2413:Wikispecies
2359:Typhlopidae
2306:Uropeltidae
2271:Prosymnidae
2261:Loxocemidae
2226:Bolyeriidae
2094:Uropeltidae
2079:Loxocemidae
2059:Bolyeriidae
2011:Typhlopidae
1949:Liolaemidae
1924:Dactyloidae
1881:Anniellidae
1843:Anguimorpha
1824:Rhineuridae
1746:Lacertoidea
1732:Xantusiidae
1694:Pygopodidae
1123:: 201–213.
838:Afrotortrix
827:Fossil taxa
814:Subfamily:
807:Subfamily:
797:Subfamily:
790:Subfamily:
772:Colubroidea
726:Prosymnidae
639:Subfamily:
629:Subfamily:
624:Azemiopinae
622:Subfamily:
570:Bolyeriidae
537:Uropeltidae
509:Loxocemidae
493:Pythonoidea
447:Amerophidia
440:Extant taxa
435:Systematics
421:Middle East
372:Nubianophis
333:) sites of
271:superfamily
269:(such as a
230:Amerophidia
2502:Categories
2296:Pythonidae
2231:Colubridae
2084:Pythonidae
2064:Colubridae
1758:Lacertidae
1717:Cordylidae
1709:Scincoidea
1669:Gekkonidae
1506:2022-07-21
1414:January 7,
1150:2018-05-14
991:References
967:Rage, 1975
919:Szyndlaria
904:Rage, 1974
886:Rage, 1998
859:Rage, 1974
841:Rage, 2021
816:Dipsadinae
799:Natricinae
782:Colubridae
709:sea snakes
631:Crotalinae
499:Pythonidae
466:Brongersma
413:Cenomanian
403:and early
383:Palaeocene
378:Nigerophis
362:Krebsophis
331:Cretaceous
327:Cenomanian
255:infraorder
225:Afrophidia
217:Subclades
190:Suborder:
101:to Present
99:Cenomanian
30:94–0
2311:Viperidae
2206:Aniliidae
2163:Kingdom:
2099:Viperidae
2039:Aniliidae
1979:Serpentes
1954:Opluridae
1934:Iguanidae
1861:Varanidae
1809:Bipedidae
1727:Scincidae
1651:Dibamidae
1615:Kingdom:
1540:cite book
1465:1471-2148
1441:(1): 87.
1390:461974285
1061:(1): 93.
937:Vectophis
910:Rottophis
874:Goinophis
856:Eoanilius
802:Bonaparte
763:Fitzinger
663:Elapoidea
641:Viperinae
614:Viperidae
587:Bonaparte
550:Fitzinger
522:Bonaparte
502:Fitzinger
456:Stejneger
453:Aniliidae
401:Oligocene
392:Eoanilius
381:from the
349:Aniliidae
344:Coniophis
302:alēthinós
285:Etymology
279:subfamily
194:Serpentes
150:Kingdom:
144:Eukaryota
2433:46559500
2398:Wikidata
2246:Elapidae
2183:Squamata
2177:Reptilia
2171:Chordata
2169:Phylum:
2165:Animalia
2153:families
2074:Elapidae
1904:Agamidae
1876:Anguidae
1819:Cadeidae
1814:Blanidae
1742:Laterata
1635:Squamata
1629:Reptilia
1623:Chordata
1621:Phylum:
1617:Animalia
1606:families
1604:Squamata
1483:25989795
1285:26475614
1243:27603205
1203:PLOS ONE
1137:24315866
1095:23627680
972:See also
963:Family â€
958:Lydekker
953:Family â€
943:Family â€
865:Falseryx
780:Family:
758:Family:
748:Family:
738:Family:
731:Family:
724:Family:
714:Family:
702:Elapidae
700:Family:
689:Family:
675:Family:
651:Family:
612:Family:
604:Pareidae
602:Family:
592:Family:
582:Family:
575:Family:
568:Family:
555:Family:
545:Family:
535:Family:
517:Family:
507:Family:
497:Family:
479:Family:
461:Family:
451:Family:
329:(Middle
296:ἀληθινός
184:Squamata
174:Reptilia
164:Chordata
160:Phylum:
154:Animalia
140:Domain:
2459:5835348
2404:Q940396
2181:Order:
2175:Class:
1896:Iguania
1786:Teiidae
1661:Gekkota
1644:Dibamia
1633:Order:
1627:Class:
1567:Palaeos
1474:4438441
1443:Bibcode
1234:5014348
1211:Bibcode
1168:: 1–8.
1086:3682911
1063:Bibcode
934:Genus â€
925:Genus â€
916:Genus â€
907:Genus â€
898:Genus â€
892:Kataria
889:Genus â€
880:Genus â€
871:Genus â€
862:Genus â€
853:Genus â€
844:Genus â€
835:Genus â€
777:, 1811
753:Dowling
743:GĂĽnther
705:F. Boie
680:Weinell
666:F. Boie
656:GĂĽnther
561:Rossman
475:Booidea
429:Tethyan
405:Miocene
253:are an
180:Order:
170:Class:
2485:196113
2446:634390
2221:Boidae
2054:Boidae
1481:
1471:
1463:
1388:
1378:
1355:14 May
1351:. EMBL
1283:
1241:
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1093:
1083:
1034:14 May
960:, 1888
950:, 1925
948:Nopsca
682:&
540:MĂĽller
481:Boidae
423:, and
419:, the
397:Eocene
293:words
275:family
259:snakes
211:, 1923
209:Nopcsa
2480:WoRMS
2472:63404
2150:Snake
1261:(PDF)
1144:(PDF)
1113:(PDF)
847:Amaru
785:Oppel
775:Oppel
695:et al
684:Brown
644:Oppel
634:Oppel
617:Oppel
607:Oppel
597:Oppel
387:Niger
339:Sudan
314:Ăłphis
277:, or
2441:ITIS
1546:link
1479:PMID
1461:ISSN
1416:2019
1386:OCLC
1376:ISBN
1357:2018
1281:PMID
1239:PMID
1178:ISBN
1133:PMID
1091:PMID
1036:2018
719:Cope
693:Das
512:Cope
484:Gray
355:and
308:ὄφις
249:The
38:Preęž’
2428:EoL
1565:at
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1071:doi
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