138:. The impetus to add alcohol packaging warning messages to containers of alcoholic beverages "reflect a growing evidence base relating to the relationship between alcohol consumption and a range of health problems including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, overweight and obesity, liver disease, fetal abnormalities, cognitive impairment, mental health problems, and accidental injury". Even light and moderate alcohol consumption increases cancer risk in individuals. As of 2014, alcohol warning labels are required in many countries, including Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, France, Guatemala, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, Taiwan, Thailand, and the United States. Modern
2371:
20:
672:
of alcohol consumption was still associated with some elevated risk for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (sRR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.56), oropharyngeal cancer (sRR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.29), and breast cancer (sRR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.08), but no discernable associations were seen for cancers of the colorectum, larynx, and liver.
201:(WTO): alcohol-exporting countries, including Australia, the European Union, New Zealand and the United States, argued that a label mandate was a "technical barrier to trade". Since then, there has been similar WTO opposition to warning labels proposed by Kenya, India, Ireland, Israel, Korea, Mexico, South Africa and Turkey.
671:
Clearly, the greatest cancer risks are concentrated in the heavy and moderate drinker categories. Nevertheless, some cancer risk persists even at low levels of consumption. A meta-analysis that focused solely on cancer risks associated with drinking one drink or fewer per day observed that this level
646:
The ASCO statement, published in the
Journal of Clinical Oncology, cautions that while the greatest risks are seen with heavy long-term use, even low alcohol consumption (defined as less than one drink per day) or moderate consumption (up to two drinks per day for men, and one drink per day for women
183:
Industry has sometimes argued that integrating warnings into the main label is too expensive, and should be banned. They prefer supplementary stick-on labels, with placement to be chosen by manufacturers, so that it does not interfere with the main label or detract from it. They then choose the most
142:
promotes alcoholic beverages heavily "as though it was not a toxic substance". The alcohol industry has tried to actively mislead the public about the risk of cancer due to alcohol consumption, in addition to campaigning to remove laws that require alcoholic beverages to have cancer warning labels.
159:
in 1990. Despite unequivocal scientific evidence, as of 2020, only South Korea had AWLs that warned of the link. The alcohol industry has lobbied hard against any measure that could lead to greater public awareness of the link between alcohol and cancer. These include preventing, delaying, and
192:
The alcohol industry has also taken to using international trade and investment law to slow the implementation of warning labels, introducing provisions into international agreements that forbid some types of warning labels. This allows them to threaten litigation under these international
269:
and the
Canadian Vintners Association alleged that the Yukon government had no legislative authority to add the labels, and would be liable for defamation, damages for lost sales, and packaging trademark and copyright infringement, because the labels had been added without their consent.
172:. They object more to warnings that are more graphic and those which are required to be in a prominent position on the bottle; given the choice, they hide the warnings as inconspicuously as possible. Lobbyists generally do not object to legislation requiring warnings about
220:. A lawsuit blocked the introduction of graphic warning labels in the US in 2013, following a ruling from the Court of Appeals for the DC circuit. As of 2023, the US still has only the small black-and-white plain-text warnings mandated by the 1988
88:
strategy to reduce alcohol-related harm. Adding health labels to alcohol containers is an important first step in raising awareness and has a longer-term utility in helping to establish a social understanding of the harmful use of
647:
because they absorb and metabolize it differently) can increase cancer risk. Among women, light drinkers have a four percent increased risk of breast cancer, while moderate drinkers have a 23 percent increased risk of the disease.
216:, and before an international tribunal. Uruguay, facing litigation from companies richer than it is, was only able to fight industry lawsuits and persist with its warning labelling legistaion by using charitable funding from the
197:. Even if their cases are thrown out, litigating in national, international, and supernational forums delays action and makes it much more expensive. In 2010, Thai legislation requiring alcohol warning labels was blocked in the
311:
must also be accompanied by one out of five predefined warning messages, lasting at least two seconds for video advertisements or occupying at least 25 percent of the advertisement area for print media.
659:
Noelle K. LoConte; Abenaa M. Brewster; Judith S. Kaur; Janette K. Merrill & Anthony J. Alberg (7 November 2017). "Alcohol and Cancer: A Statement of the
American Society of Clinical Oncology".
330:, warning labels on alcoholic beverages are currently required to warn "of the risks of drinking and driving, operating machinery, drinking while pregnant, and other general health risks."
864:
106:
In many countries, alcoholic beverage packages are not required to have the information about energy and nutritional content required of all other foods and drinks, as of 2018.
103:
warning statements on alcoholic beverages constitute a potential means of increasing awareness about the relationship between alcohol consumption and cancer risk."
1782:
54:. They have been implemented in an effort to enhance the public's awareness of the harmful effects of consuming alcoholic beverages, especially with respect to
1035:
1706:
628:
1711:
1116:
762:"Cancer Warning Labels on Alcohol Containers: A Consumer's Right to Know, a Government's Responsibility to Inform, and an Industry's Power to Thwart"
2093:
1655:
885:
383:"The Effects of Alcohol Warning Labels on Population Alcohol Consumption: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis of Alcohol Sales in Yukon, Canada"
303:
may not be advertised in a manner which directly or indirectly claims benefits or promotes its consumption, and may not show the product or its
257:, next to existing federally-mandated 1991 warnings (about drinking while pregnant, or driving drunk). The labels were added as part of the
997:
431:
685:
241:, "Alcohol beverage makers must label their products with warning labels relating to the risks of drinking during pregnancy", as of 2019
737:
483:
Pettigrew, Simone; Jongenelis, Michelle; Chikritzhs, Tanya; Slevin, Terry; Pratt, Iain S; Glance, David; Liang, Wenbin (3 August 2014).
2296:
1866:
1848:
1198:
339:(1) According to the Surgeon General, women should not drink alcohol beverages during pregnancy because of the risk of birth defects.
258:
24:
1239:
809:
356:
1836:
1355:
451:
1718:
341:(2) Consumption of alcoholic beverages impairs your ability to drive a car or operate machinery, and may cause health problems.
261:, planned to run for eight months. Alcohol industry lobbyists stopped the study after only a few weeks, threatening to sue the
1819:
131:
828:
1332:
545:"Commentary on 'Communicating Messages About Drinking': Using the 'Big Legal Guns' to Block Alcohol Health Warning Labels"
2053:
1978:
2400:
1951:
1389:
1051:
361:
115:
2336:
2316:
2076:
1759:
963:
19:
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990:
123:
1946:
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1379:
321:
295:
221:
607:
1591:
1409:
1213:
1111:
850:
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1999:
1787:
1261:
1203:
1121:
1106:
1096:
661:
905:
2374:
1726:
1040:
983:
208:
requirements. The tobacco industry has lost some lawsuits, but
Australia had to fight litigation to the
2242:
2205:
1983:
1234:
1126:
204:
These tactics have previously been used by the tobbacco industry to oppose tobbacco warning labels and
2141:
1807:
1696:
1249:
1158:
1101:
458:
152:
74:
608:"Irish Cancer Society urges minister not to drop proposed cancer warning labels on alcohol products"
2270:
658:
217:
213:
198:
156:
114:
Increasing calls for the introduction of warning labels on alcoholic beverages have occurred after
1672:
2321:
2126:
2063:
1961:
1936:
1208:
955:
742:
209:
55:
1894:
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1650:
1441:
1414:
304:
177:
2083:
1687:
1271:
1266:
1170:
1132:
1025:
282:, the government of Ireland will place warning labels on alcoholic beverages, with regard to
725:
2247:
2234:
2178:
1993:
1611:
1404:
1323:
1256:
1153:
760:
Stockwell, Tim; Solomon, Robert; O’Brien, Paula; Vallance, Kate; Hobin, Erin (March 2020).
544:
279:
135:
62:. In general, warnings used in different countries try to emphasize the same messages (see
1956:
8:
2326:
2200:
1941:
1926:
1876:
1581:
1571:
1350:
1280:
1068:
950:
Boyle, Peter; Boffetta, Paolo; Lowenfels, Albert B.; Burns, Harry; Brawley, Otis (2013).
633:
249:
In 2017, "Alcohol can cause cancer" warning labels were added to alcoholic products at a
139:
127:
67:
2405:
2158:
2101:
2017:
1916:
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169:
59:
51:
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351:
95:
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773:
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556:
506:
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394:
720:
2341:
2022:
2007:
1988:
1493:
1488:
1362:
205:
194:
47:
686:"How alcohol industry organisations mislead the public about alcohol and cancer"
2356:
2166:
2146:
2108:
1973:
1394:
1384:
1374:
1182:
1148:
1014:
865:"Cancer warning labels to be included on alcohol in Ireland, minister confirms"
543:
O’Brien, Paula; Gleeson, Deborah; Room, Robin; Wilkinson, Claire (1 May 2018).
81:
930:
778:
761:
399:
382:
2389:
2331:
2212:
2116:
2012:
1601:
1533:
1483:
1478:
1463:
1458:
1436:
1345:
1312:
1177:
1046:
829:"Booze industry brouhaha over Yukon warning labels backfired, study suggests"
629:"Alcohol Consumption Increases Risk of Breast and Other Cancers, Doctors Say"
612:
501:
327:
173:
119:
85:
43:
561:
2291:
2281:
2071:
1367:
890:
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712:
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408:
250:
2222:
2217:
2088:
1968:
1858:
1751:
1523:
1468:
1073:
308:
266:
254:
684:
Petticrew M, Maani
Hessari N, Knai C, Weiderpass E, et al. (2018).
381:
Zhao, Jinhui; Stockwell, Tim; Vallance, Kate; Hobin, Erin (March 2020).
84:
product labelling could be considered as a component of a comprehensive
23:
A warning label applied to alcohol containers in the Yukon, Canada (see
2351:
2183:
2131:
1931:
1904:
1814:
1596:
1576:
1505:
1088:
1078:
70:
for many years, although the content of the warnings differ by nation.
704:
2286:
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2027:
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1645:
1616:
1586:
1518:
1473:
1446:
1294:
1229:
1063:
1058:
975:
238:
851:"Liquor industry calls halt to cancer warning labels on Yukon booze"
683:
333:
As of 2014, the current alcoholic warning message reads as follows:
1886:
1550:
482:
16:
Warning messages about health issues appearing on alcohol packaging
886:"Ireland to introduce world-first alcohol health labelling policy"
584:
Chandler, Ellen (2012). "FASD - Fetal
Alcohol Spectrum Disorder".
2048:
1606:
1165:
911:. The Office of Alcohol Control Committee, Government of Thailand
738:"Lawmakers, Alcohol Industry Tussle Over Cancer Labels on Booze"
168:
Alcohol producers object strongly to warning labels saying that
759:
100:
485:"Developing cancer warning statements for alcoholic beverages"
2346:
2254:
1419:
262:
452:"Alcohol labelling: A discussion document on policy options"
949:
542:
380:
626:
224:. These do not reflect medical research done since 1988.
1783:
Ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks in the United States
184:
inconspicuous placement. Governments have opposed this.
810:"Mandatory warning labels to be introduced on alcohol"
286:. The policy should enter into force on May 22, 2026.
187:
1036:
Alcohol-related traffic crashes in the United States
122:
on alcoholic beverages is historically supported by
1707:
List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita
432:"Alcohol label 'will help prevent cancer' - Harris"
134:, as well as by medical organisations, such as the
1712:Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States
1117:Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism
2387:
478:
476:
474:
472:
470:
468:
2094:Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility
991:
729:
677:
627:Cheryl Platzman Weinstock (8 November 2017).
465:
1656:International Women's Collaboration Brew Day
620:
577:
2297:Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933
1867:List of countries with alcohol prohibition
998:
984:
952:Alcohol: Science, Policy and Public Health
652:
601:
599:
1199:Short-term effects of alcohol consumption
777:
755:
753:
735:
560:
510:
500:
398:
259:Northern Territories Alcohol Labels Study
25:Northern Territories Alcohol Labels Study
826:
820:
583:
423:
357:Long-term effects of alcohol consumption
18:
1837:Legal drinking age in the United States
766:Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
596:
387:Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
66:). Such warnings have been required in
2388:
1005:
906:"Alcohol Control Act B.E. 2551 (2008)"
883:
750:
736:Chaudhuri, Saabira (9 February 2018).
538:
536:
534:
532:
530:
444:
1820:List of dry communities by U.S. state
979:
430:Wayne, O'Connor (27 September 2018).
429:
1333:List of methanol poisoning incidents
843:
2054:Alcohol consumption recommendations
1979:Temperance and Good Citizenship Day
527:
188:Countermeasures in trade agreements
163:
118:proved successful. The addition of
77:report, published in 2017, stated:
13:
1778:Alcohol packaging warning messages
1390:Alcohol use among college students
1052:Drunk driving in the United States
362:Tobacco packaging warning messages
146:
132:Woman's Christian Temperance Union
116:tobacco packaging warning messages
32:Alcohol packaging warning messages
14:
2417:
2337:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
2317:Index of alcohol-related articles
1760:Administrative License Suspension
284:alcohol's carcinogenic properties
60:alcohol's carcinogenic properties
2370:
2369:
1771:Alcoholic beverage control state
1567:Andrew Johnson alcoholism debate
605:
315:
46:that appear on the packaging of
1380:Alcohol in association football
943:
923:
898:
877:
857:
802:
322:Alcoholic Beverage Labeling Act
296:Alcohol advertising in Thailand
222:Alcoholic Beverage Labeling Act
63:
1592:List of deaths through alcohol
1410:Epidemiology of binge drinking
1214:Subjective response to alcohol
827:Windeyer, Chris (9 May 2020).
374:
1:
2077:Sweat alcohol content monitor
1112:Alcoholism in rural Australia
853:. CBC News. 28 December 2017.
367:
227:
2000:Adult Children of Alcoholics
1788:Drunk driving law by country
1204:Long-term effects of alcohol
1122:Disease theory of alcoholism
1107:Alcoholism in family systems
1097:Alcohol and Native Americans
662:Journal of Clinical Oncology
265:government. Spirits Canada,
232:
7:
1727:International whisk(e)y day
1041:Driving under the influence
884:Carrol, Rory (2023-05-22).
345:
289:
160:weakening AWL legislation.
10:
2422:
2243:Christian views on alcohol
1849:List of alcohol laws of US
1127:High-functioning alcoholic
932:คลอดแล้ว 5 คำเตือนขวดเหล้า
319:
293:
273:
109:
2401:Health effects of alcohol
2365:
2309:
2263:
2233:
2157:
2142:Alcoholic spirits measure
2127:Low-alcoholic malt drinks
2041:
1885:
1857:
1808:Ignition interlock device
1750:
1741:
1697:Drunken monkey hypothesis
1630:
1559:
1530:Routes of administration
1311:
1222:
1191:
1159:Alcohol congener analysis
1141:
1102:Alcoholism in adolescence
1087:
1024:
1013:
814:Food & Drink Business
779:10.15288/jsad.2020.81.284
459:World Health Organization
400:10.15288/jsad.2020.81.225
244:
153:World Health Organization
75:World Health Organization
931:
502:10.1186/1471-2458-14-786
214:World Trade Organization
210:highest Australian court
199:World Trade Organization
176:, underage drinking, or
2322:Alcohol and spaceflight
2064:Alcohol server training
1937:Managed alcohol program
1515:Binge drinking devices
1209:Pharmacology of ethanol
956:Oxford University Press
939:(in Thai). 8 June 2010.
743:The Wall Street Journal
693:Drug and Alcohol Review
56:foetal alcohol syndrome
1927:Alcohol rehabilitation
1895:Alcohol detoxification
1798:Field sobriety testing
1683:Health effects of wine
1651:International Beer Day
1415:Holiday heart syndrome
549:Alcohol and Alcoholism
343:
178:fetal alcohol syndrome
91:
36:alcohol warning labels
28:
2179:Disulfiram-like drugs
1719:Ritual use of alcohol
1688:Wine and food pairing
1673:Apéritif and digestif
1324:Adulterated moonshine
1171:Blood alcohol content
1133:Seeing pink elephants
562:10.1093/alcalc/agx124
335:
320:Further information:
294:Further information:
193:agreements, creating
170:alcohol causes cancer
79:
22:
2248:Alcohol in the Bible
2235:Religion and alcohol
2201:General anaesthetics
1994:Alcoholics Anonymous
1952:List of mixed drinks
1405:Alcohol intoxication
1320:Adulterated alcohol
873:. 26 September 2018.
280:Irish Cancer Society
218:Bloomberg Foundation
136:Irish Cancer Society
2396:Alcohol advertising
2327:Gateway drug effect
2113:Low-alcohol drinks
1942:Non-alcoholic drink
1877:Temperance movement
1859:Alcohol prohibition
1582:Gilbert Paul Jordan
1572:Dionysian Mysteries
1356:on college campuses
1351:Alcohol advertising
1069:Public intoxication
634:Scientific American
586:White Ribbon Signal
337:GOVERNMENT WARNING:
326:Since 1989, in the
301:Alcoholic beverages
155:declared alcohol a
140:alcohol advertising
128:temperance movement
68:alcohol advertising
2159:Addiction medicine
2102:Get Your Sexy Back
2042:Alcohol limitation
2018:Sober living house
1984:Twelve-step groups
1917:Brief intervention
1910:Open-container law
1872:Neo-prohibitionism
1832:Legal drinking age
1638:Alcoholic beverage
1539:Alcohol inhalation
1454:Drinking in public
1432:Blackout Wednesday
1290:Beverage-specific
1007:Alcohol and health
816:. 15 October 2018.
157:Class I carcinogen
29:
2383:
2382:
2305:
2304:
2255:Islam and alcohol
2189:Calcium carbimide
2059:Alcohol education
1947:List of cocktails
1922:Designated driver
1900:Alcohol-free zone
1803:Hip flask defence
1737:
1736:
1678:Hangover remedies
1622:Whiskey Rebellion
1612:Six o'clock swill
1400:Austrian syndrome
1339:Surrogate alcohol
1329:Denatured alcohol
1301:Red wine headache
870:Belfast Telegraph
705:10.1111/dar.12596
606:Finn, Christina.
489:BMC Public Health
437:Irish Independent
352:Alcohol education
212:, and before the
96:BMC Public Health
50:concerning their
2413:
2373:
2372:
2172:Chlordiazepoxide
2122:Low-alcohol beer
1766:Alcohol monopoly
1748:
1747:
1668:Drinking culture
1661:Women in brewing
1544:Vodka eyeballing
1511:Passive drinking
1022:
1021:
1000:
993:
986:
977:
976:
970:
969:
947:
941:
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927:
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920:
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916:
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895:
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861:
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836:
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781:
757:
748:
747:
733:
727:
724:
690:
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514:
504:
480:
463:
462:
456:
448:
442:
441:
427:
421:
420:
402:
378:
195:chilling effects
164:Lobbying methods
99:concluded that "
93:A 2014 study in
48:alcoholic drinks
44:warning messages
2421:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2386:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2361:
2342:Self-medication
2301:
2259:
2229:
2167:Benzodiazepines
2153:
2037:
2023:Sobering center
2008:Sober companion
1989:Al-Anon/Alateen
1881:
1853:
1743:
1733:
1626:
1555:
1495:In vino veritas
1489:Hair of the dog
1307:
1223:Adverse effects
1218:
1187:
1137:
1083:
1027:
1026:Alcohol-related
1017:
1009:
1004:
974:
973:
966:
958:. p. 391.
948:
944:
933:
929:
928:
924:
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912:
908:
904:
903:
899:
882:
878:
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858:
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808:
807:
803:
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734:
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688:
682:
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604:
597:
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578:
541:
528:
481:
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450:
449:
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428:
424:
379:
375:
370:
348:
340:
338:
324:
318:
298:
292:
276:
247:
235:
230:
206:plain packaging
190:
166:
149:
147:Cancer warnings
112:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2419:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2366:
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2362:
2360:
2359:
2357:French paradox
2354:
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2250:
2239:
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2220:
2213:Sulfonic acids
2210:
2209:
2208:
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2186:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2163:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2147:Standard drink
2144:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2111:
2109:Liquor license
2106:
2105:
2104:
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2086:
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2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2004:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1981:
1976:
1974:Temperance bar
1971:
1966:
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1839:
1829:
1824:
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1812:
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1795:
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1444:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1395:Binge drinking
1392:
1387:
1385:Alcohol powder
1382:
1377:
1375:Alcohol myopia
1372:
1371:
1370:
1360:
1359:
1358:
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1343:
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1189:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1183:Wine chemistry
1180:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1151:
1149:Beer chemistry
1145:
1143:
1139:
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1124:
1119:
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1109:
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1099:
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1038:
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1019:
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995:
988:
980:
972:
971:
964:
942:
922:
897:
876:
856:
842:
819:
801:
772:(2): 284–292.
749:
728:
699:(3): 293–303.
676:
651:
619:
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555:(3): 333–336.
526:
464:
443:
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393:(2): 225–237.
372:
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309:advertisements
291:
288:
278:Backed by the
275:
272:
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231:
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189:
186:
165:
162:
148:
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130:, such as the
120:warning labels
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52:health effects
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2240:
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2207:
2206:Nitrous oxide
2204:
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2199:
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2118:
2117:Fermented tea
2115:
2114:
2112:
2110:
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2103:
2100:
2099:
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2040:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2013:Sober curious
2011:
2009:
2006:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
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1982:
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1703:
1702:Ladies' night
1700:
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1602:Rum Rebellion
1600:
1598:
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1578:
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1565:
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1535:
1534:Alcohol enema
1532:
1531:
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1525:
1522:
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1517:
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1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1484:Flaming drink
1482:
1480:
1479:Dutch courage
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1464:Drunk walking
1462:
1460:
1459:Drunk dialing
1457:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1437:Drinking game
1435:
1433:
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1418:
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1357:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1346:Alcohol abuse
1344:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1313:Social issues
1310:
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1292:
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1287:
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1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1250:breast cancer
1248:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
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1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
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1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1178:Fusel alcohol
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1169:
1168:
1167:
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1050:
1049:
1048:
1047:Drunk driving
1045:
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1023:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
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965:9780199655786
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623:
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614:
613:TheJournal.ie
609:
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568:
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328:United States
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225:
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200:
196:
185:
181:
179:
175:
174:drunk driving
171:
161:
158:
154:
144:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
124:organizations
121:
117:
107:
104:
102:
98:
97:
90:
87:
86:public health
83:
78:
76:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
26:
21:
2292:Gin Act 1751
2282:Bratt System
2275:
2271:
2138:Measurement
2072:Breathalyzer
1842:Shoulder tap
1777:
1494:
1368:Beer goggles
951:
945:
936:
925:
915:12 September
913:. Retrieved
900:
891:The Guardian
889:
879:
868:
859:
845:
833:. Retrieved
822:
813:
804:
769:
765:
741:
731:
696:
692:
679:
670:
666:
660:
654:
645:
638:. Retrieved
632:
622:
611:
589:
585:
579:
552:
548:
492:
488:
446:
435:
425:
390:
386:
376:
336:
332:
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299:
277:
251:liquor store
248:
236:
203:
191:
182:
167:
150:
113:
105:
94:
92:
80:
72:
39:
35:
31:
30:
2272:Beer Street
2223:Homotaurine
2218:Acamprosate
2089:Dry January
2068:Monitoring
1969:Teetotalism
1962:Malt drinks
1752:Alcohol law
1524:Yard of ale
1469:Drunkorexia
1281:intolerance
1074:Rum-running
640:13 November
267:Beer Canada
255:Yellowknife
2390:Categories
2352:Town drunk
2184:Disulfiram
2132:Small beer
2098:Campaigns
1932:Drunk tank
1905:Dry campus
1815:Dry county
1597:Rum ration
1577:Dipsomania
1506:Pantsdrunk
1299:Red wine:
1089:Alcoholism
1079:Wine fraud
835:29 October
831:. CBC News
495:(1): 786.
368:References
228:By country
64:By country
2406:Packaging
2287:Dry state
2194:Cyanamide
2028:Sobrietol
1827:Last call
1793:DWI court
1646:Beer mile
1617:Speakeasy
1587:Gin Craze
1519:Beer bong
1474:Dry drunk
1447:Pregaming
1295:Potomania
1277:Tolerance
1267:Pregnancy
1142:Chemistry
1064:Nip joint
1059:Moonshine
937:Thai Rath
796:218481696
417:218481829
305:packaging
239:Australia
233:Australia
2375:Category
2276:Gin Lane
2033:Quit lit
1957:Spritzer
1887:Sobriety
1742:Alcohol
1723:Whiskey
1551:Sconcing
1501:Nightcap
1427:Blackout
1257:Cortisol
1154:Congener
788:32359059
713:28881410
571:29346576
521:25087010
409:32359054
346:See also
290:Thailand
89:alcohol.
2310:Related
2264:History
2049:0-0-1-3
1744:control
1631:General
1607:Shebeen
1560:History
1230:Anxiety
1192:Effects
1166:Ethanol
1015:Alcohol
592:(2): 2.
512:4133604
274:Ireland
126:of the
110:History
82:Alcohol
42:s) are
2084:FRAMES
1293:Beer:
1286:Weight
1262:Memory
1245:Cancer
1028:crimes
962:
794:
786:
721:892691
719:
711:
569:
519:
509:
415:
407:
307:. All
245:Canada
101:Cancer
2347:Spins
2002:(ACA)
1996:(AA):
1762:(ALS)
1642:Beer
1420:Zapoy
1272:Sleep
1240:Brain
1235:Aging
1129:(HFA)
1043:(DUI)
909:(PDF)
792:S2CID
717:S2CID
689:(PDF)
669:(1).
455:(PDF)
413:S2CID
263:Yukon
2274:and
1442:list
960:ISBN
917:2017
837:2022
784:PMID
709:PMID
642:2018
567:PMID
517:PMID
405:PMID
151:The
58:and
1363:Sex
1018:use
774:doi
701:doi
590:117
557:doi
507:PMC
497:doi
395:doi
253:in
237:In
40:AWL
2392::
954:.
935:.
888:.
867:.
812:.
790:.
782:.
770:81
768:.
764:.
752:^
740:.
715:.
707:.
697:37
695:.
691:.
667:36
665:.
644:.
631:.
610:.
598:^
588:.
565:.
553:53
551:.
547:.
529:^
515:.
505:.
493:14
491:.
487:.
467:^
457:.
434:.
411:.
403:.
391:81
389:.
385:.
180:.
73:A
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839:.
798:.
776::
746:.
723:.
703::
616:.
573:.
559::
523:.
499::
461:.
440:.
419:.
397::
34:(
27:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
