926:"Alcohol passes to the baby in small amounts in breast milk. The milk will smell different to the baby and may affect their feeding, sleeping or digestion. The best advice is to avoid drinking shortly before a baby's feed." "Alcohol inhibits a mother's let-down (the release of milk to the nipple). Studies have shown that babies take around 20% less milk if there's alcohol present, so they'll need to feed more often – although infants have been known to go on 'nursing strike', probably because of the altered taste of the milk." "There is little research evidence available about the effect that has on the baby, although practitioners report that, even at relatively low levels of drinking, it may reduce the amount of milk available and cause irritability, poor feeding and sleep disturbance in the infant. Given these concerns, a prudent approach is advised."
82:
1014:(NIAAA) defines the term "binge drinking" as a pattern of drinking that brings a person's blood alcohol concentration (BAC) to 0.08 percent or above. Whatever the numerical definition used, heavy drinking or rapid consumption over a short period of time with the intention of becoming intoxicated is often implied when the term is used colloquially, since four or five drinks consumed over the course of a whole day and as an accompaniment to meals will not have the same effects as the same amount consumed over a couple of hours on an empty stomach.
1116:". Better health outcomes among moderate drinkers that some studies reported may be due to the moderate alcohol consumption itself but they may also instead be caused by "other differences in behaviors or genetics between people who drink moderately and people who don't". According to the CDC, recent studies indicate moderate consumption may not have the protective health benefits. A systematic analysis found that "The level of alcohol consumption that minimised harm across health outcomes was zero (95% UI 0·0–0·8) standard drinks per week".
854:
4759:
163:
1160:. The size of a standard drink varies widely among the various guidelines, from 8g to 20g, as does the recommended number of standard drinks per day or week. The standard drink size is not meant as recommendations for how much alcohol a drink should contain, but rather to give a common reference that people can use for measuring their intake, though they may or may not correspond to a typical serving size in their country.
1172:
1896:
29:(also known formally as ethanol) vary from recommendations to be alcohol-free to daily or weekly drinking "safe limits" or maximum intakes. Many governmental agencies and organizations have issued guidelines. These recommendations concerning maximum intake are distinct from any legal restrictions, for example
1438:
However, even light alcohol use (≤1 drink daily) increases the risk of developing cancer, and heavier use (≥2-4 drinks daily) significantly increases morbidity and mortality. Given these and other risks, the
American Heart Association cautions that, if they do not already drink alcohol, people should
174:
The daily limits range from 10-30 g per day for men and 10-24 g per day for women. Weekly limits range from 27-252 g/week for men and 27-168 g/week for women. The weekly limits are lower than the daily limits, meaning intake on a particular day may be higher than one-seventh of the weekly amount, but
1061:
The recommended limits for daily or weekly consumption provided in the various countries' guidelines generally apply to the average healthy adult. However, many guidelines also set out numerous conditions under which alcohol intake should be further restricted or eliminated. They may stipulate that,
1099:
According to the CDC, it would be important to focus on the amount people drink on the days that they drink. However, few studies or guidelines distinguish between or compare "moderate consumption" patterns (i.e. frequency, timing and dosage/intensity per session) of occasional drinking and daily
872:
such as abnormal appearance and behavioral problems. Although low-to-moderate drinking of less than 12g/day is not known to significantly increase the chance of such disorders, most guidelines state that no safe amount of alcohol consumption has been established and recommend that pregnant women
1137:
In 2023, the World Health
Organization (WHO) stated that there is currently no conclusive evidence from studies that the potential benefits of moderate alcohol consumption for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes outweigh the increased cancer risk associated with these drinking levels for
1066:
risk factors, smaller body size, young or advanced age, those who have experienced issues with mental health, sleep disturbances, alcohol or drug dependency or who have a close family member who has, or who are taking medication that may interact with alcohol, or suffering or recovering from an
1091:
As of 2022, moderate consumption levels of alcoholic beverages are typically defined in terms of average consumption per day. However, when drinking becomes a chronic daily activity the consumption puts individuals at an increased health risk as it may lead to habituation, desensitization
1888:
170:
Some governments set the same recommendation for both sexes, while others give separate limits. The guidelines give drink amounts in a variety of formats, such as standard drinks, fluid ounces, or milliliters, but have been converted to grams of ethanol for ease of comparison.
1297:
Arora, Monika; ElSayed, Ahmed; Beger, Birgit; Naidoo, Pamela; Shilton, Trevor; Jain, Neha; Armstrong-Walenczak, Kelcey; Mwangi, Jeremiah; Wang, Yunshu; Eiselé, Jean-Luc; Pinto, Fausto J.; Champagne, Beatriz M. (22 July 2022).
965:
United
Kingdom: Children aged under 15 should never be given alcohol, even in small quantities. Children aged 15–17 should not be given alcohol on more than one day a week – and then only under supervision from carers or
3288:
873:
abstain entirely from alcohol. As there may be some weeks between conception and confirmation of pregnancy, most guidelines also recommend that women trying or likely to become pregnant should avoid alcohol as well.
946:; others advise to limit alcohol to occasional use in small amounts not exceeding the recommended maximums for non-breastfeeding woman as this is known to cause harm, and that daily or binge drinking be avoided.
1075:
Furthermore, the maximum amounts allowed do not apply to those involved with activities such as operating vehicles or machinery, risky sports or other activities, or those responsible for the safety of others.
996:, even at 20 g/day (1 large beer), the risk of developing an alcohol use disorder (AUD) is nearly 3 times higher than non-drinkers, and the risk of dying from an AUD is about 2 times higher than non-drinkers.
1452:
2376:
2013:
1772:
2724:
1695:
2810:
Barnes, Matthew. J.; Mündel, Toby; Stannard, Stephen. R. (1 January 2010). "Acute alcohol consumption aggravates the decline in muscle performance following strenuous eccentric exercise".
1951:
1538:
1366:
1396:
3205:
1797:
1275:
2979:
2213:
1100:
drinking. One review showed that among drinkers (not limited to moderate consumption levels), daily drinking in comparison to non-daily drinking was associated with incidence of
2241:
3277:
1486:
1667:
2327:
2293:
4170:
2183:
1067:
illness or accident, are urged to consider, in consultation with their health professionals, a different level of alcohol use, including reduction or abstention.
2372:
740:
defines risky consumption as 10 (Swedish) standard drinks per week (120 g), and 4 standard drinks (48 g) or more per occasion, once per month or more often.
2009:
1769:
5052:
4994:
3423:
3278:"Standard drink measures throughout Europe; peoples' understanding of standard drinks and their use in drinking guidelines, alcohol surveys and labelling"
5004:
4094:
1631:
2356:
1844:
1011:
2473:
2268:
1601:
1456:
4989:
4099:
3504:
2721:
1692:
2533:"The risk relationships between alcohol consumption, alcohol use disorder and alcohol use disorder mortality: A systematic review and meta‐analysis"
1152:
Guidelines generally give recommended amounts measured in grams (g) of pure alcohol per day or week. Some guidelines also express alcohol intake in
2163:
1745:
4481:
4043:
3087:
Roerecke, Michael; Vafaei, Afshin; Hasan, Omer SM; Chrystoja, Bethany R; Cruz, Marcus; Lee, Roy; Neuman, Manuela G; Rehm, Jürgen (October 2019).
4795:
310:
115:(recognized by the World Health Organization as its leading NGO partner) (2022) recommends against any alcohol intake for optimal heart health.
1943:
737:
3318:
1534:
1358:
939:
New
Zealand: Abstinence recommended, especially in the first month of breastfeeding so that sound breastfeeding patterns can be established.
122:"Since no safe limit for alcohol consumption can be provided, the recommendation in NNR2023 is that everyone should avoid drinking alcohol."
4979:
3385:
3008:
1388:
1080:
1512:
3201:
2144:
2122:
1789:
1267:
1112:
Emerging evidence suggests that "even drinking within the recommended limits may increase the overall risk of death from various causes,
3146:"Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016"
2971:
2448:
2205:
4684:
4254:
2618:
2596:
2592:
1035:: A recurring message of the campaign is that consuming 5 or more units of alcohol (70 g pure ethanol) at a single sitting constitutes
156:
34:
2663:
2238:
2079:
5024:
5009:
4871:
4236:
3586:
1571:
38:
2401:
474:"Stop drinking before reaching five drinks on the same occasion". 1 standard drink in Iceland = 8 g ethanol. 8 g x 4 drinks = 32 g.
3627:
131:
42:
4224:
3743:
2531:
Carr, Tessa; Kilian, Carolin; Llamosas‐Falcón, Laura; Zhu, Yachen; Lasserre, Aurélie M.; Puka, Klajdi; Probst, Charlotte (2024).
1478:
166:
Alcohol consumption per person in 2016. Consumption of alcohol is measured in liters of pure alcohol per person aged 15 or older.
3341:
1656:
4106:
3357:
2037:"The Association of Mild, Moderate, and Binge Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Child Neuropsychological Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis"
1872:
315:
The scale states that at 27 g or less per week, "you are likely to avoid alcohol-related consequences for yourself or others".
175:
consumption on other days of the week should be lower. The limits for women are often but not always lower than those for men.
421:
The German Centre for
Addiction Issues recommends everyone to reduce alcohol consumption, regardless of the amounts consumed.
4207:
3328:
1431:
2319:
1924:
3720:
2514:
2099:
1984:
4899:
4366:
2743:
5123:
4999:
4788:
4339:
4165:
3777:
3439:
2179:
858:
130:
recommends that those who do not already consume alcoholic beverages should not start doing so because of the negative
5014:
4984:
4724:
4704:
4464:
4147:
2035:
Flak, Audrey L.; Su, Su; Bertrand, Jacquelyn; Denny, Clark H.; Kesmodel, Ulrik S.; Cogswell, Mary E. (January 2014).
585:
5057:
4158:
3954:
3378:
3351:
2759:
El-Sayed, Mahmoud S.; Ali, Nagia; Ali, Zeinab El-Sayed (1 March 2005). "Interaction
Between Alcohol and Exercise".
1093:
889:
Iceland: Advise that pregnant women abstain from alcohol during pregnancy because no safe consumption level exists.
86:
4334:
3814:
3767:
869:
149:
81:
3979:
3797:
3601:
2353:
1623:
4974:
4889:
4781:
3499:
1836:
5087:
4962:
4420:
4387:
4175:
3649:
3591:
3509:
3494:
3484:
2477:
1593:
30:
2257:
5113:
5108:
4813:
4762:
4114:
3428:
3371:
2622:
2160:
1128:
recommends 150 mL of red wine (about one glass) every day, in combination with other several food items.
37:. To varying degrees, these recommendations are also distinct from the scientific evidence, such as the
4927:
4917:
4630:
4593:
4371:
3622:
3514:
1737:
961:
Countries have different recommendations concerning the administration of alcohol to minors by adults.
868:
Excessive drinking during pregnancy, especially in the first eight to twelve weeks, is associated with
127:
4952:
4922:
4894:
4529:
4195:
4084:
3637:
3546:
3489:
3229:"Governmental standard drink definitions and low-risk alcohol consumption guidelines in 37 countries"
943:
920:
743:
95:
4658:
2855:"The Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Recovery Following Resistance Exercise: A Systematic Review"
2142:
2009 Australian
Guidelines to Reduce Health Risks from Drinking Alcohol: Frequently Asked Questions
898:
New
Zealand: "Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant should avoid drinking alcohol."
4060:
4969:
4856:
4709:
4514:
4451:
4349:
4324:
3596:
3004:
5047:
4851:
4821:
4282:
4229:
4185:
4070:
4038:
3829:
3802:
1508:
112:
4471:
2141:
2119:
5042:
4957:
4831:
4075:
3659:
3654:
3558:
3520:
3413:
2588:
2441:
848:
2626:
5118:
5082:
4836:
4826:
4635:
4622:
4566:
4381:
3999:
3792:
3711:
3644:
3541:
2696:
2076:
4344:
8:
4846:
4714:
4588:
4329:
4314:
4264:
3969:
3959:
3738:
3668:
3456:
2405:
72:
3089:"Alcohol consumption and risk of liver cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
2565:
2532:
4944:
4861:
4546:
4489:
4405:
4304:
4297:
4259:
4219:
4025:
3926:
3841:
3819:
3673:
3632:
3394:
3178:
3145:
3121:
3088:
3064:
3031:
2948:
2913:
2889:
2854:
2792:
2683:
2498:
1334:
1299:
1244:
1219:
1113:
1079:
Moreover, studies suggest even moderate alcohol consumption may significantly impair –
1063:
1051:
1032:
956:
3161:
1563:
85:
Share of over-fifteen-year-old population who haven't drunk alcohol in the past year (
4576:
4446:
4309:
4287:
4190:
4065:
4009:
3787:
3726:
3716:
3688:
3664:
3338:
3324:
3258:
3250:
3183:
3165:
3126:
3108:
3069:
3051:
2953:
2935:
2894:
2876:
2835:
2827:
2784:
2776:
2772:
2688:
2570:
2552:
2058:
1427:
1339:
1321:
1249:
989:
4773:
3144:
Griswold, Max G.; Fullman, Nancy; Hawley, Caitlin; et al. (22 September 2018).
2796:
1869:
1220:"Making Sense of Advice About Drinking During Pregnancy: Does Evidence Even Matter?"
4909:
4881:
4866:
4559:
4509:
4153:
4089:
4055:
4048:
3931:
3898:
3888:
3240:
3173:
3157:
3116:
3100:
3059:
3043:
2943:
2925:
2884:
2866:
2819:
2768:
2720:
Centre for
Addiction and Mental Health / Centre de toxicomanie et de santé mentale
2678:
2560:
2544:
2048:
1423:
1329:
1311:
1239:
1231:
853:
3104:
4841:
4729:
4410:
4395:
4376:
3881:
3876:
3750:
3345:
2747:
2728:
2518:
2360:
2245:
2167:
2148:
2126:
2103:
2083:
1928:
1921:
1876:
1776:
1699:
1389:"Less meat, more plant-based: Here are the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023"
1177:
1101:
2823:
2511:
2096:
1300:"The Impact of Alcohol Consumption on Cardiovascular Health: Myths and Measures"
402:
Alcoholic beverages pose health risks and ideally should be avoided completely.
4804:
4744:
4554:
4534:
4496:
4361:
3782:
3772:
3762:
3570:
3536:
3402:
1976:
1889:"Anbefaling angående inntak av alkohol ved forebygging av hjerte- og karsykdom"
1185:
1153:
1147:
1036:
26:
3047:
2740:
1235:
588:
recommends an alcohol consumption level of zero or no more than 10 g per day.
5102:
4719:
4600:
4504:
4400:
3989:
3921:
3871:
3866:
3851:
3846:
3824:
3733:
3700:
3565:
3434:
3254:
3169:
3112:
3055:
2939:
2880:
2831:
2780:
2556:
1325:
993:
76:
1083:
and -demanding – exercise (possibly including the recovery and adaptation).
4679:
4669:
4459:
3755:
3262:
3187:
3130:
3073:
2957:
2898:
2839:
2788:
2692:
2574:
2062:
1343:
1253:
936:
Iceland: Total abstinence advised because no safe consumption level exists.
910:
US: Total abstinence during pregnancy and while planning to become pregnant
886:
Hong Kong: "Abstinence from alcohol during pregnancy is the safest choice."
3032:"Frequency and intensity of alcohol consumption: new evidence from Sweden"
2239:
Food and
Nutrition Guidelines for Healthy Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women
1712:
4610:
4605:
4476:
4356:
4246:
4139:
3911:
3856:
3461:
1062:
among other things, people with liver, kidney, or other chronic disease,
880:
Canada: "Don't drink if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant."
54:
19:
2871:
1439:
not start drinking for the purported cardiovascular benefits of alcohol.
892:
Israel: Women should avoid consuming alcohol before and during pregnancy
877:
Australia: Total abstinence during pregnancy and if planning a pregnancy
711:
Also suggests a maximum of no more than twice this on any one occasion.
620:
At least two alcohol-free days every week. 30 g for men, 20 g for women
4739:
4571:
4519:
4319:
4292:
4202:
3984:
3964:
3893:
3476:
3466:
2120:
2020 Australian Guidelines to Reduce Health Risks from Drinking Alcohol
2053:
2036:
100:
3245:
3228:
2930:
2648:
2548:
291:"Not drinking has benefits, such as better health, and better sleep."
4674:
4581:
4415:
4214:
4180:
4033:
4004:
3974:
3906:
3861:
3834:
3682:
3617:
3451:
3446:
3363:
3348:
page describes pros and cons of drinking alcohol while breastfeeding.
862:
719:"Not possible to specify a limit for risk-free alcohol consumption."
148:
For Standard drinks (stated in the references) to grams ethanol, see
1944:"Nya gränsvärden för riskbruk av alkohol till hälso- och sjukvården"
1535:"Australian guidelines to reduce health risks from drinking alcohol"
1316:
808:"People who do not drink should not start drinking for any reason."
4274:
3938:
1125:
162:
3320:
Australian Guidelines to Reduce Health Risks from Drinking Alcohol
4436:
3994:
3553:
59:
These guidelines apply to men, and women who don't belong to the
1359:"Want a healthier heart? Seriously consider skipping the drinks"
1086:
942:
United Kingdom: Total abstinence advised by some, such as the
4734:
4642:
3807:
3086:
2530:
3358:
Drinking Guidelines: Pregnancy and Breastfeeding by Country
2589:"Alcohol & Public Health: Fact Sheets - Binge Drinking"
1418:
Mechanick, Jeffrey I.; Kushner, Robert F. (21 April 2016).
1096:), progressively increasing average dosages and addiction.
979:
Japan: Less than 29 g/day for the elderly (and women).
3220:
2972:"Mayo Clinic Q and A: Is daily drinking problem drinking?"
2402:"Alcohol and breastfeeding (2009) - Retrieved 23 May 2014"
2010:"What's low-risk drinking? - Rethinking Drinking - NIAAA"
138:
4171:
Ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks in the United States
3202:"No level of alcohol consumption is safe for our health"
1268:"No level of alcohol consumption is safe for our health"
746:
is offered for people who exceed these recommendations.
3227:
Kalinowski, Agnieszka; Humphreys, Keith (1 July 2016).
1693:
Action Plan to Reduce Alcohol-related Harm in Hong Kong
1296:
566:
Recommends an alcohol consumption level of zero grams.
107:"there is no safe amount that does not affect health"'.
66:
3030:
Heckley, Gawain; Jarl, Johan; Gerdtham, Ulf-G (2017).
2661:
2320:"New recommended drinking guidelines welcomed by NICE"
1765:
1763:
150:
Standard drink § Definitions in various countries
4803:
3317:
National Health and Medical Research Council (2020).
3316:
3143:
2429:
3424:
Alcohol-related traffic crashes in the United States
2912:
Vella, Luke D.; Cameron-Smith, David (August 2010).
2809:
2474:"Consultation on children, young people and alcohol"
1167:
1119:
4095:
List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita
3226:
3029:
2034:
1843:. International Alliance for Responsible Drinking.
1760:
1411:
3352:Drinking Guidelines: General Population by Country
2911:
2153:
1938:
1936:
1790:"Japan draws up guidelines on alcohol consumption"
1455:. American Heart Association (AHA). Archived from
1420:Lifestyle Medicine: A Manual for Clinical Practice
1012:National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
4100:Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States
3505:Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism
3269:
2365:
2077:Routine antenatal care for healthy pregnant women
789:112 g a week, spread across 3 days or more.
626:On any single occasion, to reduce risk of injury.
5100:
2859:Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
1713:"Recommendations from the Directorate of Health"
1417:
1107:
933:Hong Kong: "Avoid alcohol and alcoholic drinks."
782:"There's no completely safe level of drinking."
120:The 2023 Nordic Nutrition Recommendations state
4482:Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility
2739:Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand (ALAC)
2114:
2112:
1933:
1868:Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand (ALAC)
1213:
1211:
2758:
2041:Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
311:Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction
4789:
3379:
3204:. World Health Organization. 4 January 2023.
2442:"Family Health Service, Department of Health"
2396:
2394:
2237:New Zealand Ministry of Health Manatū Hauora
2161:Canada's Low-Risk Alcohol Drinking Guidelines
2140:National Health and Medical Research Council
2118:National Health and Medical Research Council
1864:
1862:
4044:International Women's Collaboration Brew Day
2914:"Alcohol, Athletic Performance and Recovery"
2109:
1685:
1208:
1141:
1087:Daily consumption, habituation and addiction
25:Recommendations for consumption of the drug
3276:Mongan, Deirdre; Long, Jean (22 May 2015).
1738:"Health chiefs cut limits on safe drinking"
4796:
4782:
4685:Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933
4255:List of countries with alcohol prohibition
3386:
3372:
3275:
2999:
2997:
2593:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2391:
2294:"Ej längre bruk av alkohol vid graviditet"
1859:
1651:
1649:
1558:
1556:
157:List of countries with alcohol prohibition
48:
3587:Short-term effects of alcohol consumption
3244:
3177:
3120:
3063:
2947:
2929:
2888:
2870:
2852:
2682:
2564:
2425:
2423:
2052:
1916:
1914:
1837:"Drinking Guidelines: General Population"
1564:"Canada's Guidance on Alcohol and Health"
1450:
1333:
1315:
1243:
1217:
1018:
89:); in most countries, it exceeds a third.
60:
39:short-term effects of alcohol consumption
3093:The American Journal of Gastroenterology
3036:The European Journal of Health Economics
2812:Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
2233:
2231:
2136:
2134:
852:
161:
132:long-term effects of alcohol consumption
80:
43:long-term effects of alcohol consumption
4225:Legal drinking age in the United States
2994:
2581:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1646:
1553:
1527:
1356:
837:
5101:
3393:
2454:from the original on 17 September 2020
2420:
2186:from the original on 17 September 2020
2004:
2002:
1954:from the original on 30 September 2023
1922:Drinking guidelines — units of alcohol
1911:
1574:from the original on 11 September 2023
1451:Deedwania, Prakash (12 January 2015).
1399:from the original on 22 September 2023
1218:Armstrong, Elizabeth Mitchell (2017).
914:
139:Recommended alcohol intake limitations
35:countries that have prohibited alcohol
4777:
4208:List of dry communities by U.S. state
3367:
3005:"Facts about moderate drinking | CDC"
2853:Lakićević, Nemanja (September 2019).
2664:"Alcohol and medication interactions"
2379:from the original on 12 November 2014
2350:Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005
2274:from the original on 15 December 2017
2228:
2131:
1971:
1969:
1657:"Empfehlungen zum Umgang mit Alkohol"
1634:from the original on 24 February 2024
976:Italy: 12 g/day for men over 65.
3721:List of methanol poisoning incidents
3294:from the original on 8 December 2021
3208:from the original on 12 January 2023
3011:from the original on 26 January 2021
2733:
2714:
2342:
2330:from the original on 17 January 2024
2069:
1812:
1673:from the original on 24 October 2023
1664:Deutsche Hauptstelle für Suchtfragen
1278:from the original on 12 January 2023
1114:such as from several types of cancer
738:National Board of Health and Welfare
67:Teetotalism advocacy by organization
5078:Alcohol consumption recommendations
4442:Alcohol consumption recommendations
4367:Temperance and Good Citizenship Day
3194:
2611:
2499:Parents back alcohol free childhood
2206:"Proper Nutrition during Pregnancy"
2159:Canadian Center on Substance Abuse
2089:
2016:from the original on 31 August 2018
1999:
930:Australia: Total abstinence advised
13:
4166:Alcohol packaging warning messages
3778:Alcohol use among college students
3440:Drunk driving in the United States
1987:from the original on 14 March 2024
1966:
1899:from the original on 22 March 2024
1847:from the original on 23 April 2018
1800:from the original on 24 March 2024
1604:from the original on 22 March 2024
1586:
1515:from the original on 13 March 2024
1489:from the original on 16 March 2020
1224:The Journal of Perinatal Education
14:
5135:
4725:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
4705:Index of alcohol-related articles
4148:Administrative License Suspension
3310:
2216:from the original on 28 June 2021
2097:'No alcohol in pregnancy' advised
1950:(in Swedish). 12 September 2023.
1748:from the original on 1 March 2020
1541:from the original on 16 June 2021
1120:Alcohol promotion recommendations
999:
842:
586:Health Council of the Netherlands
31:countries with drunk driving laws
4758:
4757:
4159:Alcoholic beverage control state
3955:Andrew Johnson alcoholism debate
2982:from the original on 4 July 2022
2978:(in Spanish). 16 February 2018.
2773:10.2165/00007256-200535030-00005
2599:from the original on 12 May 2013
2512:'No alcohol' urged for under-15s
1479:"Alcohol consumption per person"
1369:from the original on 31 May 2024
1170:
870:fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
622:To reduce long-term health risks
4995:Alcohol-related traffic crashes
3768:Alcohol in association football
3137:
3080:
3023:
2964:
2905:
2846:
2803:
2752:
2662:Weathermon R, Crabb DW (1999).
2655:
2641:
2524:
2504:
2492:
2466:
2434:
2312:
2286:
2250:
2198:
2172:
2028:
1881:
1782:
1770:Alcol, zero o il meno possibile
1730:
1705:
1616:
1357:Salamon, Maureen (1 May 2022).
1056:
1004:
907:UK: Abstinence during pregnancy
313:has a sliding scale of intakes.
5005:Legal drinking age controversy
3980:List of deaths through alcohol
3798:Epidemiology of binge drinking
3602:Subjective response to alcohol
2354:Chapter 9: Alcoholic Beverages
1895:(in Norwegian). 5 March 2018.
1509:"Managing your alcohol intake"
1501:
1471:
1444:
1381:
1350:
1290:
1260:
1132:
861:promoting zero alcohol during
1:
4975:Alcohol consumption in Russia
4465:Sweat alcohol content monitor
3500:Alcoholism in rural Australia
3323:. Commonwealth of Australia.
3285:Reducing Alcohol Related Harm
3162:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31310-2
3105:10.14309/ajg.0000000000000340
2476:. Dcsf.gov.uk. Archived from
1191:
1108:Harmful physiological effects
1094:consumption-induced tolerance
1070:
624:50 g for men, 40 g for women
143:
5088:Drunk driving law by country
4990:Alcohol consumption by youth
4388:Adult Children of Alcoholics
4176:Drunk driving law by country
3592:Long-term effects of alcohol
3510:Disease theory of alcoholism
3495:Alcoholism in family systems
3485:Alcohol and Native Americans
3337:The Brilliant Breastfeeding
2722:Low-Risk Drinking Guidelines
2625:. March 2005. Archived from
1977:"Drink less - Better Health"
1081:neurobiologically beneficial
7:
5010:List of alcohol laws in USA
4115:International whisk(e)y day
3429:Driving under the influence
2824:10.1016/j.jsams.2008.12.627
2651:. SoShiok.com. 4 June 2008.
2623:British Medical Association
1163:
983:
895:The Netherlands: Abstinence
10:
5142:
4807:-related topics by country
4631:Christian views on alcohol
4237:List of alcohol laws of US
3515:High-functioning alcoholic
2430:Australian Guidelines 2009
1870:What's in a Standard Drink
1453:"Alcohol and Heart Health"
1145:
1049:
1045:
970:
954:
918:
846:
154:
147:
128:American Heart Association
70:
52:
17:
5124:Health effects of alcohol
5070:
5035:
4943:
4936:
4908:
4880:
4812:
4753:
4697:
4651:
4621:
4545:
4530:Alcoholic spirits measure
4515:Low-alcoholic malt drinks
4429:
4273:
4245:
4196:Ignition interlock device
4138:
4129:
4085:Drunken monkey hypothesis
4018:
3947:
3918:Routes of administration
3699:
3610:
3579:
3547:Alcohol congener analysis
3529:
3490:Alcoholism in adolescence
3475:
3412:
3401:
3339:Alcohol and Breastfeeding
3048:10.1007/s10198-016-0805-2
1594:"Anbefalinger om alkohol"
1236:10.1891/1058-1243.26.2.65
1142:Units and standard drinks
1023:
950:
944:Royal College of Midwives
921:Alcohol and breast cancer
859:label on alcoholic drinks
788:
732:
729:
568:
458:
354:
351:
297:
253:
251:
248:
245:
209:
206:
203:
200:
195:
192:
189:
186:
180:
98:published a statement in
96:World Health Organization
3344:17 December 2007 at the
2976:Mayo Clinic News Network
2258:"Alkovett for den lille"
2244:26 December 2010 at the
919:Not to be confused with
883:France: Total abstinence
187:Teetotalism recommended
155:Not to be confused with
18:Not to be confused with
5015:USA open-container laws
4710:Alcohol and spaceflight
4452:Alcohol server training
4325:Managed alcohol program
3903:Binge drinking devices
3597:Pharmacology of ethanol
2373:"Alcohol and pregnancy"
1927:8 February 2007 at the
1775:16 January 2022 at the
1698:24 October 2019 at the
49:General recommendations
4315:Alcohol rehabilitation
4283:Alcohol detoxification
4186:Field sobriety testing
4071:Health effects of wine
4039:International Beer Day
3803:Holiday heart syndrome
3007:. CDC. 19 April 2022.
2746:9 January 2008 at the
2298:roi.socialstyrelsen.se
2180:"Department of Health"
1948:www.socialstyrelsen.se
1742:Alcohol Action Ireland
1624:"Alkoholin riskirajat"
1537:. Nhmrc.gov.au. 2020.
1138:individual consumers.
865:
167:
113:World Heart Federation
90:
4567:Disulfiram-like drugs
4107:Ritual use of alcohol
4076:Wine and food pairing
4061:Apéritif and digestif
3712:Adulterated moonshine
3559:Blood alcohol content
3521:Seeing pink elephants
2517:10 April 2015 at the
1875:23 April 2011 at the
1691:Department of Health
856:
849:Alcohol and pregnancy
165:
84:
5021:Beer classification
4636:Alcohol in the Bible
4623:Religion and alcohol
4589:General anaesthetics
4382:Alcoholics Anonymous
4340:List of mixed drinks
3793:Alcohol intoxication
3708:Adulterated alcohol
3156:(10152): 1015–1035.
2166:20 July 2020 at the
2147:13 June 2021 at the
2125:13 June 2021 at the
2082:11 July 2009 at the
1796:. 19 February 2024.
1511:. 21 February 2024.
1019:Specific populations
988:According to a 2024
838:Specific populations
193:Medium to high risk
61:specific populations
4715:Gateway drug effect
4501:Low-alcohol drinks
4330:Non-alcoholic drink
4265:Temperance movement
4247:Alcohol prohibition
3970:Gilbert Paul Jordan
3960:Dionysian Mysteries
3744:on college campuses
3739:Alcohol advertising
3457:Public intoxication
2872:10.3390/jfmk4030041
2649:"Young and Smashed"
2595:. 7 November 2012.
2408:on 12 November 2014
2359:1 July 2007 at the
2212:. State of Israel.
2102:30 May 2007 at the
915:Breastfeeding women
904:Sweden: Abstinence.
105:in April 2023 that
87:interactive version
73:Non-alcoholic drink
5114:Alcohol by country
5109:Alcohol and health
5025:Sweden and Finland
4547:Addiction medicine
4490:Get Your Sexy Back
4430:Alcohol limitation
4406:Sober living house
4372:Twelve-step groups
4305:Brief intervention
4298:Open-container law
4260:Neo-prohibitionism
4220:Legal drinking age
4026:Alcoholic beverage
3927:Alcohol inhalation
3842:Drinking in public
3820:Blackout Wednesday
3678:Beverage-specific
3395:Alcohol and health
2727:2 May 2012 at the
2671:Alcohol Res Health
2326:. 8 January 2016.
2210:Ministry of Health
2054:10.1111/acer.12214
1459:on 21 January 2016
1052:Alcohol and health
1033:Get Your Sexy Back
957:Legal drinking age
901:Norway: Abstinence
866:
168:
91:
5096:
5095:
5066:
5065:
4771:
4770:
4693:
4692:
4643:Islam and alcohol
4577:Calcium carbimide
4447:Alcohol education
4335:List of cocktails
4310:Designated driver
4288:Alcohol-free zone
4191:Hip flask defence
4125:
4124:
4066:Hangover remedies
4010:Whiskey Rebellion
4000:Six o'clock swill
3788:Austrian syndrome
3727:Surrogate alcohol
3717:Denatured alcohol
3689:Red wine headache
3330:978-1-86496-071-6
3246:10.1111/add.13341
3099:(10): 1574–1586.
2931:10.3390/nu2080781
2741:Low Risk Drinking
2549:10.1111/add.16456
1920:Drinking and You
1893:Helsedirektoratet
1598:Sundhedsstyrelsen
1483:Our World in Data
1433:978-3-319-24687-1
1197:Explanatory notes
990:systematic review
835:
834:
184:
5131:
4941:
4940:
4910:Alcoholic drinks
4882:Drinking culture
4798:
4791:
4784:
4775:
4774:
4761:
4760:
4560:Chlordiazepoxide
4510:Low-alcohol beer
4154:Alcohol monopoly
4136:
4135:
4056:Drinking culture
4049:Women in brewing
3932:Vodka eyeballing
3899:Passive drinking
3410:
3409:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3365:
3364:
3334:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3293:
3282:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3248:
3239:(7): 1293–1298.
3224:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3181:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3124:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3067:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3001:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2951:
2933:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2892:
2874:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2756:
2750:
2737:
2731:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2701:
2695:. Archived from
2686:
2668:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2619:"Binge drinking"
2615:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2568:
2543:(7): 1174–1187.
2528:
2522:
2508:
2502:
2501:17 December 2009
2496:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2453:
2446:
2438:
2432:
2427:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2404:. Archived from
2398:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2369:
2363:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2273:
2262:
2254:
2248:
2235:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2176:
2170:
2157:
2151:
2138:
2129:
2116:
2107:
2093:
2087:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2056:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2006:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1973:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1940:
1931:
1918:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1885:
1879:
1866:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1833:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1786:
1780:
1767:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1744:. 26 June 2012.
1734:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1709:
1703:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1672:
1661:
1653:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1560:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1424:Springer Science
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1337:
1319:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1247:
1215:
1180:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1158:units of alcohol
182:
178:
177:
5141:
5140:
5134:
5133:
5132:
5130:
5129:
5128:
5099:
5098:
5097:
5092:
5062:
5031:
4932:
4904:
4876:
4808:
4802:
4772:
4767:
4749:
4730:Self-medication
4689:
4647:
4617:
4555:Benzodiazepines
4541:
4425:
4411:Sobering center
4396:Sober companion
4377:Al-Anon/Alateen
4269:
4241:
4131:
4121:
4014:
3943:
3883:In vino veritas
3877:Hair of the dog
3695:
3611:Adverse effects
3606:
3575:
3525:
3471:
3415:
3414:Alcohol-related
3405:
3397:
3392:
3346:Wayback Machine
3331:
3313:
3308:
3307:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3280:
3274:
3270:
3225:
3221:
3211:
3209:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3142:
3138:
3085:
3081:
3028:
3024:
3014:
3012:
3003:
3002:
2995:
2985:
2983:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2910:
2906:
2851:
2847:
2808:
2804:
2761:Sports Medicine
2757:
2753:
2748:Wayback Machine
2738:
2734:
2729:Wayback Machine
2719:
2715:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2666:
2660:
2656:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2632:
2630:
2629:on 3 April 2005
2617:
2616:
2612:
2602:
2600:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2529:
2525:
2521:29 January 2009
2519:Wayback Machine
2509:
2505:
2497:
2493:
2483:
2481:
2480:on 14 June 2013
2472:
2471:
2467:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2411:
2409:
2400:
2399:
2392:
2382:
2380:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2361:Wayback Machine
2347:
2343:
2333:
2331:
2324:www.nice.org.uk
2318:
2317:
2313:
2303:
2301:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2246:Wayback Machine
2236:
2229:
2219:
2217:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2189:
2187:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2168:Wayback Machine
2158:
2154:
2149:Wayback Machine
2139:
2132:
2127:Wayback Machine
2117:
2110:
2104:Wayback Machine
2094:
2090:
2084:Wayback Machine
2074:
2070:
2033:
2029:
2019:
2017:
2008:
2007:
2000:
1990:
1988:
1983:. 6 July 2021.
1975:
1974:
1967:
1957:
1955:
1942:
1941:
1934:
1929:Wayback Machine
1919:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1877:Wayback Machine
1867:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1835:
1834:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1794:The Japan Times
1788:
1787:
1783:
1777:Wayback Machine
1768:
1761:
1751:
1749:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1721:
1719:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1700:Wayback Machine
1690:
1686:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1659:
1655:
1654:
1647:
1637:
1635:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1607:
1605:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1577:
1575:
1562:
1561:
1554:
1544:
1542:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1518:
1516:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1490:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1462:
1460:
1449:
1445:
1434:
1426:. p. 153.
1416:
1412:
1402:
1400:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1372:
1370:
1355:
1351:
1317:10.5334/gh.1132
1295:
1291:
1281:
1279:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1216:
1209:
1194:
1178:Medicine portal
1176:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1154:standard drinks
1150:
1144:
1135:
1122:
1110:
1102:liver cirrhosis
1089:
1073:
1059:
1054:
1048:
1026:
1021:
1007:
1002:
986:
973:
959:
953:
924:
917:
851:
845:
840:
779:United Kingdom
741:
320:Czech Republic
314:
160:
153:
146:
141:
79:
69:
57:
51:
23:
12:
11:
5:
5139:
5138:
5127:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5074:
5072:
5068:
5067:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5039:
5037:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5029:
5028:
5027:
5019:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4982:
4980:United Kingdom
4977:
4972:
4967:
4966:
4965:
4955:
4949:
4947:
4938:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4914:
4912:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4886:
4884:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4874:
4872:United Kingdom
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4818:
4816:
4810:
4809:
4801:
4800:
4793:
4786:
4778:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4754:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4747:
4745:French paradox
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4655:
4653:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4645:
4640:
4639:
4638:
4627:
4625:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4614:
4613:
4608:
4601:Sulfonic acids
4598:
4597:
4596:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4564:
4563:
4562:
4551:
4549:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4535:Standard drink
4532:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4499:
4497:Liquor license
4494:
4493:
4492:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4462:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4433:
4431:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4392:
4391:
4385:
4379:
4369:
4364:
4362:Temperance bar
4359:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4295:
4285:
4279:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4251:
4249:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4234:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4217:
4212:
4211:
4210:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4151:
4144:
4142:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4109:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4068:
4063:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4028:
4022:
4020:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3951:
3949:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3941:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3909:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3783:Binge drinking
3780:
3775:
3773:Alcohol powder
3770:
3765:
3763:Alcohol myopia
3760:
3759:
3758:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3736:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3714:
3705:
3703:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3693:
3692:
3691:
3685:
3676:
3671:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3571:Wine chemistry
3568:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3539:
3537:Beer chemistry
3533:
3531:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3481:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3432:
3426:
3420:
3418:
3407:
3399:
3398:
3391:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3355:
3349:
3335:
3329:
3312:
3311:External links
3309:
3306:
3305:
3268:
3219:
3193:
3136:
3079:
3042:(4): 495–517.
3022:
2993:
2963:
2924:(8): 781–789.
2904:
2845:
2818:(1): 189–193.
2802:
2767:(3): 257–269.
2751:
2732:
2713:
2702:on 28 May 2015
2654:
2640:
2610:
2580:
2523:
2503:
2491:
2465:
2433:
2419:
2390:
2364:
2341:
2311:
2285:
2249:
2227:
2197:
2171:
2152:
2130:
2108:
2088:
2068:
2047:(1): 214–226.
2027:
1998:
1965:
1932:
1910:
1880:
1858:
1811:
1781:
1759:
1729:
1704:
1702:September 2011
1684:
1645:
1630:(in Finnish).
1615:
1585:
1552:
1526:
1500:
1470:
1443:
1432:
1410:
1393:www.norden.org
1380:
1363:Harvard Health
1349:
1289:
1259:
1206:
1205:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1186:Standard drink
1182:
1181:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1148:Standard drink
1146:Main article:
1143:
1140:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1121:
1118:
1109:
1106:
1088:
1085:
1072:
1069:
1058:
1055:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1037:binge drinking
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1006:
1003:
1001:
1000:Binge drinking
998:
985:
982:
981:
980:
977:
972:
969:
968:
967:
952:
949:
948:
947:
940:
937:
934:
931:
916:
913:
912:
911:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
847:Main article:
844:
843:Pregnant women
841:
839:
836:
833:
832:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
802:
801:
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792:
790:
787:
785:
783:
780:
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766:
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734:
731:
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724:
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663:
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641:
638:
635:
633:
629:
628:
618:
616:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
594:
590:
589:
582:
580:
578:
576:
574:
572:
570:
567:
564:
560:
559:
556:
554:
552:
550:
548:
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541:
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531:
528:
526:
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522:
520:
518:
516:
513:
510:
508:
504:
503:
500:
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492:
489:
486:
484:
482:
480:
476:
475:
472:
470:
468:
466:
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462:
460:
457:
455:
451:
450:
447:
445:
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441:
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432:
429:
427:
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415:
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411:
409:
407:
405:
403:
400:
396:
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388:
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384:
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378:
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368:
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364:
362:
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331:
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321:
317:
316:
307:
305:
303:
301:
299:
296:
294:
292:
289:
285:
284:
282:
280:
278:
276:
274:
272:
270:
267:
264:
262:
258:
257:
254:
252:
250:
247:
244:
242:
238:
237:
234:
231:
228:
225:
222:
219:
216:
212:
211:
208:
205:
202:
198:
197:
194:
191:
188:
185:
145:
142:
140:
137:
136:
135:
124:
118:
117:
116:
68:
65:
50:
47:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5137:
5136:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5073:
5069:
5059:
5058:United States
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5034:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
5000:Drunk driving
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4986:
4985:United States
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4946:
4942:
4939:
4935:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4911:
4907:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4883:
4879:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4815:
4811:
4806:
4799:
4794:
4792:
4787:
4785:
4780:
4779:
4776:
4764:
4756:
4755:
4752:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4720:Mood disorder
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4696:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4650:
4644:
4641:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4620:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4602:
4599:
4595:
4594:Nitrous oxide
4592:
4591:
4590:
4587:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4565:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4505:Fermented tea
4503:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4428:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4401:Sober curious
4399:
4397:
4394:
4389:
4386:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4244:
4238:
4235:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4204:
4201:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4134:
4128:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4090:Ladies' night
4088:
4086:
4083:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4054:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4017:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3990:Rum Rebellion
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3940:
3937:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3922:Alcohol enema
3920:
3919:
3917:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3872:Flaming drink
3870:
3868:
3867:Dutch courage
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3852:Drunk walking
3850:
3848:
3847:Drunk dialing
3845:
3843:
3840:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3825:Drinking game
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3752:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3734:Alcohol abuse
3732:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3701:Social issues
3698:
3690:
3686:
3684:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3638:breast cancer
3636:
3635:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3578:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3566:Fusel alcohol
3564:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3528:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3435:Drunk driving
3433:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3389:
3384:
3382:
3377:
3375:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3343:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3290:
3287:. p. 8.
3286:
3279:
3272:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3223:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3189:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3140:
3132:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3083:
3075:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3026:
3010:
3006:
3000:
2998:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2967:
2959:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2908:
2900:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2849:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2806:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2755:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2736:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2717:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2650:
2644:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2614:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2584:
2576:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2507:
2500:
2495:
2479:
2475:
2469:
2450:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2426:
2424:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2395:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2315:
2299:
2295:
2289:
2270:
2267:. AV OG TIL.
2266:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2234:
2232:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2156:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2137:
2135:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2115:
2113:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2092:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2072:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2031:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2003:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1970:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1939:
1937:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1917:
1915:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1865:
1863:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1766:
1764:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1701:
1697:
1694:
1688:
1669:
1666:(in German).
1665:
1658:
1652:
1650:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1603:
1600:(in Danish).
1599:
1595:
1589:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1557:
1540:
1536:
1530:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1458:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1435:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1414:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1384:
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1065:
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1034:
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784:
781:
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769:
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759:20–24 g
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750:
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739:
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723:
721:
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102:
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88:
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78:
77:Sober curious
74:
64:
62:
56:
46:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
21:
16:
5077:
4857:Saudi Arabia
4680:Gin Act 1751
4670:Bratt System
4663:
4659:
4526:Measurement
4460:Breathalyzer
4441:
4230:Shoulder tap
3882:
3756:Beer goggles
3319:
3298:26 September
3296:. Retrieved
3284:
3271:
3236:
3232:
3222:
3212:13 September
3210:. Retrieved
3196:
3153:
3149:
3139:
3096:
3092:
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3025:
3013:. Retrieved
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2862:
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2848:
2815:
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2805:
2764:
2760:
2754:
2735:
2716:
2704:. Retrieved
2697:the original
2677:(1): 40–54.
2674:
2670:
2657:
2643:
2631:. Retrieved
2627:the original
2613:
2601:. Retrieved
2583:
2540:
2536:
2526:
2506:
2494:
2482:. Retrieved
2478:the original
2468:
2458:16 September
2456:. Retrieved
2436:
2410:. Retrieved
2406:the original
2381:. Retrieved
2367:
2349:
2344:
2334:17 September
2332:. Retrieved
2323:
2314:
2304:24 September
2302:. Retrieved
2300:(in Swedish)
2297:
2288:
2276:. Retrieved
2264:
2252:
2218:. Retrieved
2209:
2200:
2190:16 September
2188:. Retrieved
2174:
2155:
2091:
2071:
2044:
2040:
2030:
2018:. Retrieved
1989:. Retrieved
1980:
1958:13 September
1956:. Retrieved
1947:
1901:. Retrieved
1892:
1883:
1849:. Retrieved
1840:
1802:. Retrieved
1793:
1784:
1779:January 2022
1750:. Retrieved
1741:
1732:
1720:. Retrieved
1716:
1707:
1687:
1675:. Retrieved
1663:
1636:. Retrieved
1627:
1618:
1606:. Retrieved
1597:
1588:
1578:25 September
1576:. Retrieved
1567:
1543:. Retrieved
1529:
1517:. Retrieved
1503:
1491:. Retrieved
1482:
1473:
1461:. Retrieved
1457:the original
1446:
1437:
1419:
1413:
1403:25 September
1401:. Retrieved
1392:
1383:
1371:. Retrieved
1362:
1352:
1307:
1304:Global Heart
1303:
1292:
1282:25 September
1280:. Retrieved
1271:
1262:
1230:(2): 65–69.
1227:
1223:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1151:
1136:
1111:
1098:
1090:
1078:
1074:
1060:
1057:Risk factors
987:
960:
925:
867:
751:Switzerland
744:intervention
668:18.5 g
625:
621:
593:New Zealand
563:Netherlands
173:
169:
121:
106:
99:
58:
24:
15:
5119:Food safety
5083:Prohibition
4963:Prohibition
4900:Philippines
4852:New Zealand
4822:Afghanistan
4660:Beer Street
4611:Homotaurine
4606:Acamprosate
4477:Dry January
4456:Monitoring
4357:Teetotalism
4350:Malt drinks
4140:Alcohol law
3912:Yard of ale
3857:Drunkorexia
3669:intolerance
3462:Rum-running
2706:25 February
2383:12 November
2265:avogtil.no/
2106:25 May 2007
1493:15 February
1272:www.who.int
1133:Controversy
831:Reference.
817:196 g
800:Reference.
774:Reference.
733:120 g
683:Reference.
655:Reference.
607:100 g
604:150 g
558:Reference.
530:Reference.
502:Reference.
491:140 g
488:170 g
449:Reference.
394:Reference.
380:168 g
366:Reference.
355:120 g
256:Reference.
249:100 g
183:(or region)
55:Teetotalism
20:Alcohol law
5103:Categories
5036:Historical
4832:Bangladesh
4740:Town drunk
4572:Disulfiram
4520:Small beer
4486:Campaigns
4320:Drunk tank
4293:Dry campus
4203:Dry county
3985:Rum ration
3965:Dipsomania
3894:Pantsdrunk
3687:Red wine:
3477:Alcoholism
3467:Wine fraud
3150:The Lancet
2086:March 2007
1677:30 October
1192:References
1071:Activities
1050:See also:
1005:By country
955:See also:
820:98 g
814:14 g
811:28 g
756:30 g
730:48 g
696:20 g
693:30 g
665:37 g
640:10 g
637:20 g
613:40 g
610:50 g
601:20 g
598:30 g
543:20 g
540:40 g
515:12 g
512:24 g
459:32 g
434:10 g
431:20 g
426:Hong Kong
383:84 g
352:48 g
328:16 g
325:24 g
298:27 g
269:16 g
266:24 g
246:40 g
241:Australia
144:By country
101:The Lancet
71:See also:
53:See also:
4953:Australia
4890:Australia
4837:Indonesia
4827:Australia
4814:Countries
4675:Dry state
4582:Cyanamide
4416:Sobrietol
4215:Last call
4181:DWI court
4034:Beer mile
4005:Speakeasy
3975:Gin Craze
3907:Beer bong
3862:Dry drunk
3835:Pregaming
3683:Potomania
3665:Tolerance
3655:Pregnancy
3530:Chemistry
3452:Nip joint
3447:Moonshine
3255:1360-0443
3233:Addiction
3170:0140-6736
3113:0002-9270
3056:1618-7598
2940:2072-6643
2918:Nutrients
2881:2411-5142
2865:(3): 41.
2832:1440-2440
2781:1179-2035
2557:0965-2140
2537:Addiction
2020:31 August
1717:Ísland.is
1326:2211-8179
1202:Citations
1010:USA: The
863:pregnancy
660:Portugal
190:Low risk
4847:Malaysia
4763:Category
4664:Gin Lane
4421:Quit lit
4345:Spritzer
4275:Sobriety
4130:Alcohol
4111:Whiskey
3939:Sconcing
3889:Nightcap
3815:Blackout
3645:Cortisol
3542:Congener
3360:IARD.org
3354:IARD.org
3342:Archived
3289:Archived
3263:27073140
3206:Archived
3188:30146330
3131:31464740
3074:27282872
3015:24 April
3009:Archived
2986:24 April
2980:Archived
2958:22254055
2899:33467356
2840:19230764
2797:33487248
2789:15730339
2744:Archived
2725:Archived
2693:10890797
2597:Archived
2575:38450868
2566:11156554
2515:Archived
2484:30 March
2449:Archived
2412:23 April
2377:Archived
2357:Archived
2328:Archived
2269:Archived
2242:Archived
2214:Archived
2184:Archived
2164:Archived
2145:Archived
2123:Archived
2100:Archived
2080:Archived
2063:23905882
2014:Archived
1991:14 March
1985:Archived
1952:Archived
1925:Archived
1897:Archived
1873:Archived
1845:Archived
1841:IARD.org
1798:Archived
1773:Archived
1746:Archived
1696:Archived
1668:Archived
1632:Archived
1602:Archived
1572:Archived
1539:Archived
1519:13 March
1513:Archived
1487:Archived
1463:4 August
1397:Archived
1367:Archived
1344:36051324
1276:Archived
1254:30723369
1164:See also
1126:Polymeal
984:By study
966:parents.
742:Alcohol
479:Ireland
454:Iceland
399:Germany
371:Finland
347:Denmark
261:Austria
196:Details
181:Country
5071:Related
5048:Iceland
4970:Germany
4945:Current
4862:Somalia
4805:Alcohol
4698:Related
4652:History
4437:0-0-1-3
4132:control
4019:General
3995:Shebeen
3948:History
3618:Anxiety
3580:Effects
3554:Ethanol
3403:Alcohol
3179:6148333
3122:6776700
3065:5387029
2949:3257708
2890:7739274
2684:6761694
2348:'USDA,
2278:23 June
2220:23 June
1903:12 June
1851:23 June
1804:12 June
1752:1 March
1722:12 June
1638:12 June
1608:12 June
1568:ccsa.ca
1545:10 June
1335:9306675
1245:6353268
1046:Caveats
971:Elderly
716:Sweden
632:Norway
288:Canada
27:alcohol
5053:Russia
5043:Canada
4928:Sweden
4918:Canada
4472:FRAMES
3681:Beer:
3674:Weight
3650:Memory
3633:Cancer
3416:crimes
3327:
3261:
3253:
3186:
3176:
3168:
3129:
3119:
3111:
3072:
3062:
3054:
2956:
2946:
2938:
2897:
2887:
2879:
2838:
2830:
2795:
2787:
2779:
2691:
2681:
2633:7 June
2603:7 June
2573:
2563:
2555:
2075:NICE,
2061:
1981:nhs.uk
1430:
1373:31 May
1342:
1332:
1324:
1252:
1242:
1064:cancer
1024:Youths
951:Minors
688:Spain
535:Japan
507:Italy
236:Women
230:Women
224:Women
218:Women
4958:India
4923:China
4895:Korea
4867:Sudan
4735:Spins
4390:(ACA)
4384:(AA):
4150:(ALS)
4030:Beer
3808:Zapoy
3660:Sleep
3628:Brain
3623:Aging
3517:(HFA)
3431:(DUI)
3292:(PDF)
3281:(PDF)
2793:S2CID
2700:(PDF)
2667:(PDF)
2452:(PDF)
2445:(PDF)
2272:(PDF)
2261:(PDF)
1671:(PDF)
1660:(PDF)
1310:(1).
569:10 g
210:Week
204:Week
4937:Laws
4842:Iran
4662:and
3830:list
3325:ISBN
3300:2017
3259:PMID
3251:ISSN
3214:2023
3184:PMID
3166:ISSN
3127:PMID
3109:ISSN
3070:PMID
3052:ISSN
3017:2022
2988:2022
2954:PMID
2936:ISSN
2895:PMID
2877:ISSN
2836:PMID
2828:ISSN
2785:PMID
2777:ISSN
2708:2007
2689:PMID
2635:2013
2605:2013
2571:PMID
2553:ISSN
2510:BBC
2486:2014
2460:2020
2414:2014
2385:2014
2336:2023
2306:2023
2280:2016
2222:2016
2192:2020
2095:BBC
2059:PMID
2022:2018
1993:2024
1960:2023
1905:2024
1853:2016
1806:2024
1754:2020
1724:2024
1679:2023
1640:2024
1628:Alko
1610:2024
1580:2023
1547:2021
1521:2024
1495:2020
1465:2016
1428:ISBN
1405:2023
1375:2024
1340:PMID
1322:ISSN
1284:2023
1250:PMID
1029:USA
992:and
805:USA
736:The
584:The
309:The
233:Men
227:Men
221:Men
215:Men
207:Day
201:Day
126:The
111:The
94:The
75:and
41:and
3751:Sex
3406:use
3241:doi
3237:111
3174:PMC
3158:doi
3154:392
3117:PMC
3101:doi
3097:114
3060:PMC
3044:doi
2944:PMC
2926:doi
2885:PMC
2867:doi
2820:doi
2769:doi
2679:PMC
2561:PMC
2545:doi
2541:119
2049:doi
1330:PMC
1312:doi
1240:PMC
1232:doi
1156:or
33:or
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