1848:
1778:, while oxidation the cytochromes and by some enzymes in the gut epithelium produce S(β). Different species produce the R(+) and S(β) enantiomers in different quantities; humans, dogs, and most other species produce the R(+) enantiomer more (with the human AUC ratio being 80:20). Compared to the S(β) enantiomer, the R(+) has greater pharmacological activity, lasts longer in the bloodstream, is found in higher concentrations in the infected host tissues, and is found in higher concentrations within the parasites themselves. Some albendazole is also converted to hydroxyalbendazole, mainly by
569:
546:
40:
2881:. It is marketed for this purpose by Zoetis (formerly Pfizer Animal Health) in numerous countries (including the United States and Canada) as Valbazen in oral suspension and paste formulations; by Interchemie in the Netherlands and elsewhere as Albenol-100; by Channelle Animal Health Ltd. in the United Kingdom as Albex; and by Ravensdown in New Zealand (as Albendazole). Although most formulations are administered orally, Ricomax (ricobendazole, or albendazole sulfoxide) is administered by subcutaneous injection.
2866:
of dogs and cats having anorexia. Of dogs and cats, 1β10% experience elevated liver enzymes, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Less than 1% experience neutropenia or aplastic anemia, though these require a use of at least 5 days. While it is also associated with bone marrow suppression and toxicity in cats and dogs at high doses, albendazole has a higher margin of safety in other species. Thus, it is usually only prescribed in cats and dogs when an infection is present that is resistant to the commonly prescribed
1725:
1560:
7626:
2899:
31:
7654:
1578:
5204:
1121:. Albendazole has a similar efficacy to thiabendazole, but fewer side effects. It works best when given early, acting on the adult worms in the intestine before they generate larva that can penetrate the muscle and cause a more widespread infection. Corticosteroids are sometimes added on to prevent inflammation caused by dying larva.
1714:
better absorbed than other benzimidazole carbamates. Food stimulates gastric acid secretion, lowering the pH and making albendazole more soluble and thus more easily absorbed. Oral absorption is especially increased with a fatty meal, as albendazole dissolves better in lipids, allowing it to cross the lipid barrier created by the
5176:
4504:
3003:
in 1993, are 5000, 5000, 100, and 100 micrograms per kilogram of body weight (ΞΌg/kg) for kidney, liver, fat, and muscle, respectively, and 100 ΞΌg/L for milk. For analysis purposes, MRLs of various nations may pertain to concentration of a marker substance which has been correlated with concentrations
1713:
The absorption also largely depends on gastric pH. People have varying gastric pHs on empty stomachs, and thus absorption from one person to another can vary wildly when taken without food. Generally, the absorption in the GI tract is poor due to albendazole's low solubility in water. It is, however,
1370:
Side effects can be different when treating for hydatid disease versus neurocysticercosis: for example, those being treated for the former are more likely to experience elevated liver enzymes and abdominal pain, while those being treated for the latter are more likely to experience headache. Treating
1271:
2865:
Albendazole has been used as an antihelminthic and for control of flukes in a variety of animal species, including cattle, sheep, goats, swine, camels, dogs, cats, elephants, poultry, and others. Side effects include anorexia in dogs and lethargy, depression, and anorexia in cats, with more than 10%
2884:
Albendazole has greater bioavailability in ruminants: some albendazole sulfoxide, when released back into the rumen, is reduced to albendazole by the resident microbiota, with a preference of the (+) enantiomer being the substrate. Cats and dogs, having no rumen reservoir, sometimes need higher or
2995:
The limitations in early pregnancy are due to a limited period during which teratogenic effects may occur. Summarized research data relating to the durations of these preslaughter and early pregnancy periods when albendazole should not be administered are found in US FDA NADA 110-048 (cattle) and
1657:
needed for cell division, which in turn blocks egg production and development; existing eggs are prevented from hatching. Cell motility, maintenance of cell shape, and intracellular transport are also disrupted. At higher concentrations, it disrupts the helminths' metabolic pathways by inhibiting
1399:
of albendazole in rats was found to be 2,500 mg/kg. It takes 20 times the normal dose to kill a sheep, and 30 times the normal dose to kill cattle. Overdose affects the liver, testicles, and GI tract the most. It can manifest with lethargy, loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, intestinal
1379:
caused by the inflammatory reaction that occurs when parasites in the brain are killed. Steroids and anticonvulsants are often given with albendazole when treating neurocysticercosis to avoid these effects. Those being treated for retinal neurocysticercosis can face
4794:
Hoerauf A, Mand S, Fischer K, Kruppa T, Marfo-Debrekyei Y, Debrah AY, et al. (November 2003). "Doxycycline as a novel strategy against bancroftian filariasis-depletion of
Wolbachia endosymbionts from Wuchereria bancrofti and stop of microfilaria production".
1286:
occurs in 16% of patients receiving treatment specifically for hydatid disease and goes away when treatment ends. Liver enzymes usually increase to two to four times the normal levels (a mild to moderate increase). An estimated 1β10% of people experience
1838:
Albendazole, patented in 1975, was invented by Robert J. Gyurik and
Vassilios J. Theodorides and assigned to SmithKline Corporation. It was introduced in 1977 as an antihelminthic for sheep in Australia, and was registered for human use in 1982.
1847:
5243:
5202:, Gyurik R, Theodorides V, "Methods and compositions for producing polyphasic parasiticide activity using methyl 5-propylthio-2-benzimidazolecarbamate", published May 11, 1976, assigned to SmithKline Corporation
896:) when surgical excision is not possible. Alveolar and cystic echinococcosis may require lifelong treatment with albendazole, which only prevents the parasites from growing and reproducing rather than killing them.
1232:
D drug in
Australia. It is contraindicated in the first trimester of pregnancy, and should be avoided up to one month before conception. While studies in pregnant rats and rabbits have shown albendazole to be
1137:(whipworm infection), sometimes considered as an alternative to mebendazole and sometimes considered to be the drug of choice. Only a single dose of albendazole is needed. It can also be given with ivermectin.
2885:
more frequent doses as compared to ruminants. In dogs, albendazole sulfoxide is detectable in the plasma for less than 12 hours, but in sheep and goats, it remains at measurable levels for around three days.
3004:
of the administered substance and its metabolized products. For example, in Canada, the marker substance specified by Health Canada is albendazole-2-aminosulfone, for which the MRL in liver of cattle is 200
1649:(it binds much better to the Ξ²-tubulin of parasites than that of mammals). Albendazole leads to impaired uptake of glucose by the larval and adult stages of the susceptible parasites, and depletes their
1220:
Though albendazole is effective in treating many diseases, it is only FDA-approved for treating hydatid disease caused by dog tapeworm larvae and neurocysticercosis caused by pork tapeworm larvae.
1827:
In humans, the metabolites are excreted mostly in bile, with only a small amount being excreted in urine (less than 1%) and feces. In ruminants, 60β70% of the metabolites are excreted in urine.
5235:
4616:
Wen H, Zhang HW, Muhmut M, Zou PF, New RR, Craig PS (February 1994). "Initial observation on albendazole in combination with cimetidine for the treatment of human cystic echinococcosis".
1879:
donated 763 million albendazole tablets for the treatment and prevention of parasitic infections in developing countries, bringing the total to over 4 billion tablets donated since 1998.
933:. Albendazole can achieve good results (95β100% efficacy after a 10-day course of treatment) if treatment is initiated within 72 hours of ingestion of the egg-containing raccoon feces.
880:), which is caused by the larval form of the pork tapeworm (i.e. albendazole is the drug of choice for larval pork tapeworms, but not adult pork tapeworms). Old cysts are not affected.
219:
1497:
albendazole concentrations, increases the half-life of albendazole, and doubles albendazole sulfoxide levels in bile. It was originally thought to work by increasing albendazole
5574:
5503:
5393:
5114:
4262:
4105:
1371:
hydatid disease can also unmask undiagnosed neurocysticercosis. People receiving albendazole for the treatment of neurocysticercosis can have neurological side effects such as
870:. Though praziquantel is often better at treating tapeworm infections, albendazole is used more often in endemic countries due to being cheaper and having a broader spectrum.
1251:
Albendazole sulfoxide is secreted into breast milk at around 1.5% of the maternal dose, though oral absorption is poor enough that it is unlikely to affect nursing infants.
5423:
5174:, Gyurkik, Robert; Theodorides, Vassilios, "Methyl 5-propylthio-2-benzimidazolecarbamate", published October 28, 1975, assigned to SmithKline Corporation
5068:
Capece BP, Virkel GL, Lanusse CE (September 2009). "Enantiomeric behaviour of albendazole and fenbendazole sulfoxides in domestic animals: pharmacological implications".
4343:
4032:
1872:
increased the price after purchasing the rights to the drug, instead of lowering it as generics are predicted to do, drawing criticism from patients' rights advocates.
1505:. The half-life of albendazole sulfoxide thus increases from 7.4 hours to 19 hours. This might be a helpful interaction on more severe cases, because it boosts the
4195:"CYP2J2 and CYP2C19 are the major enzymes responsible for metabolism of albendazole and fenbendazole in human liver microsomes and recombinant P450 assay systems"
7699:
4259:"Albendazole toxicity, poisoning, intoxication, overdose, antidote: safety summary for veterinary use on dogs, cats, cattle, sheep, goats, swine and poultry"
4098:"Ricobendazole = Albendazole Sulfoxide for Veterinary Use on Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Pig Poultry, Dogs and Cats against roundworms, tapeworms and liver flukes"
164:
5257:
Gustavsen KM, Bradley MH, Wright AL (October 2009). "GlaxoSmithKline and Merck: private-sector collaboration for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis".
3638:
1804:. Other inactive metabolites include: 2-aminosulfone, Ο-hydroxysulfone, and Ξ²-hydroxysulfone. The major final metabolites that are excreted by humans are:
1006:
Albendazole has a similar effectiveness to ivermectin in these cases, though it needs to be given for 21 days rather than the 2 days needed for ivermectin.
4991:
Fargetton X, Galtier P, Delatour P (July 1986). "Sulfoxidation of albendazole by a cytochrome P450-independent monooxygenase from rat liver microsomes".
3669:
3616:
1824:
There are also some minor hydroxylated sulfated or glucuronidated derivatives. No unchanged albendazole is excreted, as it is metabolized too quickly.
1384:
damage if they are not first checked for ocular cysticeri, since changes to existing lesions in the eye by albendazole can cause permanent blindness.
6423:
3199:
1710:
Oral absorption of albendazole varies among species, with 1β5% of the drug being successfully absorbed in humans, 20β30% in rats, and 50% in cattle.
3093:
7563:
6500:
3611:
62:
6718:
4944:"Relative contribution of cytochromes P-450 and flavin-containing monoxygenases to the metabolism of albendazole by human liver microsomes"
4445:
1887:
Albendazole and related compounds or metabolites like albendazole sulfone (ALB-SO2) exhibit antibacterial effects via an unknown, possibly
1789:, while albendazole sulfoxide reaches systemic circulation and acts as the real antihelminthic. Albendazole sulfoxide is able to cross the
665:
6237:
6228:
5644:
5613:
5542:
5465:
4420:
3890:
3775:
3460:
3412:
3372:
1747:
in all species, such that the unchanged drug is undetectable in plasma. Most of it is oxidized into albendazole sulfoxide (also known as
3241:
6233:
3674:
3643:
3319:
3288:
3797:
3715:
3477:
5562:
5495:
5385:
5150:
4258:
4097:
3283:
2996:
140-934 (sheep). Some data and inferences regarding goats are found in US FDA Supplemental NADA 110-048 (approved
January 24, 2008).
1721:
Absorption is also affected by how much of the albendazole is degraded within the small intestine by metabolic enzymes in the villi.
1673:
Some parasites have evolved some resistance to albendazole by having a different set of acids constituting Ξ²-tubulin, decreasing the
4917:
3941:
1237:, albendazole has been found to be safe in humans during the second and third trimesters. It can, however, possibly cause infantile
6648:
5386:"Albendazole for veterinary use on cattle, sheep, goats, pig poultry, dogs and cats against roundworms, tapeworms and liver flukes"
4469:"Pharmacokinetic interaction between albendazole sulfoxide enantiomers and antiepileptic drugs in patients with neurocysticercosis"
1869:
7031:
7556:
5676:
1800:
Albendazole sulfoxide is converted to the inactive albendazole sulfone by cytochrome P450 oxidases, thought to include CYP3A4 or
1533:
1439:
5415:
1524:, for example, can increase the concentration by 56% by inhibiting the elimination of albendazole sulfoxide. The anti-parasitic
6144:
5960:
5811:
4335:
641:
4065:
4024:
3203:
6855:
6416:
6367:
5638:
5607:
5536:
5459:
5365:
5045:
4893:
4727:
4696:
4662:
4596:
4414:
4376:
4300:
4174:
4147:
3922:
3884:
3769:
3590:
3454:
3406:
3366:
3314:
3176:
3054:
810:
4702:
4602:
5115:"Inhibition and inactivation of human CYP2J2: Implications in cardiac pathophysiology and opportunities in cancer therapy"
2963:
7689:
7173:
6946:
5218:
4847:
Dayan AD (May 2003). "Albendazole, mebendazole and praziquantel. Review of non-clinical toxicity and pharmacokinetics".
4232:
2935:
1797:
at 43% of plasma concentrations; its ability to enter the central nervous system allows it to treat neurocysticercosis.
1598:
should be sorted by target molecule, specifically into tubulin-related (intestines, spindle, shape) and unrelated parts.
1501:
directly; however, it is now known that cimetidine inhibits the breakdown of albendazole sulfoxide by interfering with
1169:
710:
113:
7570:
5209:
5181:
4756:
3235:
2982:
1620:
685:
1923:
Albendazole is mainly used in cattle and sheep, but has found some use in cats and dogs as well; it is also used in
1392:
Because of its low solubility, albendazole often cannot be absorbed in high enough quantities to be toxic. The oral
7577:
6872:
6409:
6384:
6191:
6106:
5567:, parasitic whipworms of dogs, cats and livestock - cattle, sheep, goats and pigs: Biology, prevention and control"
2942:
1509:
of albendazole. Paradoxically, cimetidine also inhibits the absorption of albendazole by reducing gastric acidity.
1927:
birds for flagellate parasites and tapeworms. It is also used off-label to treat endoparasites in goats and pigs.
1718:
of the GI tract. To target intestinal parasites, albendazole is taken on an empty stomach to stay within the gut.
7594:
7503:
1760:
204:
94:
3648:
7549:
5762:
5654:
2920:
1860:
Brand names include: Albenza, Alworm, Andazol, Eskazole, Noworm, Zentel, Alben-G, ABZ, Cidazole, Wormnil etc.
1830:
Like all benzimidazoles, albendazole has no residual effect, and thus protects poorly against reinfestations.
1540:
inhibits the metabolism of albendazole within the intestinal mucosa. Finally, long-term administration of the
6911:
2949:
736:
5236:"Generic drug price gouging: How Shkreli and other monopolists cornered the market on essential medications"
3679:
3606:
6470:
2916:
1602:
693:
InChI=1S/C12H15N3O2S/c1-3-6-18-8-4-5-9-10(7-8)14-11(13-9)15-12(16)17-2/h4-5,7H,3,6H2,1-2H3,(H2,13,14,15,16)
564:
425:
7091:
6308:
5669:
1105:. Corticosteroids can be added in severe cases, and surgery might be required to repair secondary damage.
892:
525:
3085:
2931:
7644:
4851:. Preparing to control Schistosomiasis and Soil-transmitted Helminthiasis in the Twenty-First Century.
1899:
1245:
494:
6401:
7704:
7268:
5302:"A cell-based screen reveals that the albendazole metabolite, albendazole sulfone, targets Wolbachia"
3876:
Update
Gastroenterology 2004: New Developments in the Management of Benign Gastrointestinal Disorders
3255:
2604:
2302:
1593:
1637:, albendazole causes degenerative alterations in the intestinal cells of the worm by binding to the
7605:
7498:
7272:
7155:
7051:
7041:
6941:
5710:
2802:
1974:
1733:
1732:
The pharmacokinetics of albendazole differ slightly between men and women: women have a lower oral
1702:
from these filarial nematodes generally results in either death or sterility of the host nematode.
1528:
increases the maximum plasma concentration of albendazole sulfoxide by 50%, and the anti-parasitic
1517:
1050:
541:
2384:
1763:(FMO), which was discovered later. In humans, the cytochrome P450 oxidases are thought to include
514:
7679:
7036:
6860:
6372:
5496:"Albendazole dose for dogs, cats, horses, cattle, sheep, goats, swine and other domestic animals"
3819:
Sawamura R, Fernandes MI, Peres LC, GalvΓ£o LC, Goldani HA, Jorge SM, et al. (October 1999).
2909:
2555:
1790:
1756:
1360:
1174:
1026:
930:
887:
795:
772:
150:
52:
4441:
7674:
7322:
7111:
7081:
6816:
6598:
5662:
4686:
3578:
2070:
1737:
1688:
1506:
1376:
1001:
285:
5628:
5597:
5526:
5449:
5355:
5035:
4883:
4717:
4652:
4586:
4402:
4366:
4290:
3912:
3874:
3759:
3444:
3396:
3356:
1278:
The most common side effects of albendazole are experienced by over 10% of people and include
474:
7599:
7026:
6755:
6606:
6602:
6173:
4164:
3225:
2288:
1744:
1308:
1206:
1036:
987:
as an adjunct or replacement to diethylcarbamazine. Albendazole has an embryotoxic effect on
5300:
Serbus LR, Landmann F, Bray WM, White PM, Ruybal J, Lokey RS, et al. (September 2012).
6951:
6786:
6516:
6316:
6200:
3789:
3727:
3489:
2548:
2435:
2314:
1915:, this would mean that albendazole is targeting both the worm and its essential symbioant.
1659:
1421:
1319:. The headache, nausea, and vomiting are thought to be caused by the sudden destruction of
1113:
1009:
962:
957:
434:
349:
307:
4909:
3293:
1068:. Albendazole is effective against adult worms but not against the immature microfilariae.
414:
187:
8:
7694:
7684:
6996:
6656:
6637:
6587:
6542:
6349:
6037:
3953:
2956:
2747:
2308:
1794:
1548:
1445:
1356:
1064:
1016:
340:
157:
7263:
4764:
4523:"Effect of dose increase or cimetidine co-administration on albendazole bioavailability"
568:
545:
6579:
6461:
6266:
5900:
5328:
5301:
5282:
5142:
5016:
4968:
4943:
4820:
4776:
4552:
4496:
4219:
4001:
3976:
3850:
3536:
3000:
2710:
2533:
1663:
1393:
1229:
1043:
1022:
981:
977:
913:
877:
803:
748:
124:
4860:
4521:
Schipper HG, Koopmans RP, Nagy J, Butter JJ, Kager PA, Van Boxtel CJ (December 2000).
39:
7355:
6904:
6623:
5634:
5603:
5532:
5455:
5361:
5333:
5286:
5274:
5270:
5134:
5095:
5041:
5008:
4973:
4959:
4889:
4864:
4812:
4768:
4723:
4692:
4658:
4633:
4592:
4544:
4488:
4484:
4410:
4372:
4296:
4224:
4170:
4143:
4006:
3918:
3880:
3842:
3765:
3586:
3540:
3528:
3524:
3450:
3402:
3362:
3231:
3086:"Albenza, (albendazole) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more"
3050:
2763:
2207:
2178:
1999:
1670:. Due to diminished ATP production, the parasite is immobilized and eventually dies.
1588:
940:
866:
744:
256:
243:
231:
86:
7046:
5146:
5020:
4824:
4780:
4556:
4500:
4468:
4336:"ALBENZA- albendazole tablet, film coated (NDC Code(s): 52054-550-22, 52054-550-28)"
3854:
3720:
WHO Model
Prescribing Information: Drugs Used in Parasitic Diseases - Second Edition
3482:
WHO Model
Prescribing Information: Drugs Used in Parasitic Diseases - Second Edition
1274:
Close-up of a pork tapeworm cyst. Destruction of these cysts can cause inflammation.
7629:
7454:
7342:
6211:
6179:
5701:
5323:
5313:
5266:
5126:
5085:
5077:
5000:
4963:
4955:
4856:
4804:
4760:
4629:
4625:
4534:
4480:
4214:
4206:
4057:
3996:
3988:
3832:
3520:
3325:
3263:
3168:
2753:
2320:
2300:
For causative agents of various forms of capillariasis in cats and dogs (including
2156:
1674:
1340:
1336:
1324:
1259:
1152:
1124:
1080:
756:
581:
267:
177:
72:
1244:
In pregnant dogs, albendazole use has led to puppies with reduced weight and with
1087:. Albendazole can be given with diethylcarbamazine to lower microfilaremia levels.
7658:
7482:
7444:
7439:
7106:
6961:
6740:
6684:
6334:
6043:
5983:
5771:
5750:
5724:
5318:
5222:
5213:
5185:
3012:
2819:
2342:
2185:
1950:
1876:
1715:
1498:
1364:
1332:
1193:
1071:
1035:. A single dose of albendazole is sufficient to treat intestinal infestations by
996:
857:
840:
802:
has been reported and those with prior liver problems are at greater risk. It is
780:
768:
374:
295:
275:
7021:
7016:
7011:
5684:
4365:
Farrar J, Hotez PJ, Junghanss T, Kang G, Lalloo D, White NJ (October 26, 2013).
1400:
cramps, dizziness, convulsions, and sleepiness. There is no specified antidote.
1323:(tapeworm larvae), which causes acute inflammation. Fewer than 1% of people get
7518:
7464:
7429:
6866:
6794:
6763:
6692:
6660:
6591:
6550:
6527:
6492:
6378:
6344:
6302:
6089:
5969:
5802:
5081:
2773:
2720:
2648:
1904:
1541:
1513:
1288:
1201:
1095:
1059:
934:
883:
5216:
5188:
5130:
4808:
4539:
4522:
4166:
Drugs in
Pregnancy and Lactation: A Reference Guide to Fetal and Neonatal Risk
3837:
3820:
2999:
Maximum residue limits (MRLs) for albendazole in food, adopted by the FAO/WHO
7668:
7513:
7434:
7101:
7096:
7001:
6798:
6771:
6706:
6696:
6452:
6432:
6110:
6063:
5997:
5925:
5884:
5744:
5685:
5037:
Biochemical, Physiological, and
Molecular Aspects of Human Nutrition - E-Book
4194:
3260:
World Health
Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021)
2878:
2867:
2852:
2658:
2590:
2201:
1654:
1521:
1494:
1417:
1409:
1352:
1283:
1248:. Birds have lower rates of laying eggs and hatching when given albendazole.
1146:
1101:
968:
953:
908:
873:
861:
830:
764:
732:
728:
724:
652:
557:
22:
7523:
7508:
7459:
7228:
6897:
6822:
6812:
6732:
6722:
6554:
6531:
6482:
6443:
6140:
6094:
6084:
6079:
6017:
6011:
5956:
5853:
5807:
5697:
5693:
5689:
5337:
5278:
5199:
5171:
5138:
5099:
4977:
4868:
4816:
4772:
4548:
4492:
4228:
4010:
3846:
3532:
2871:
2376:
2127:
2024:
1966:
1642:
1525:
1344:
1134:
1090:
1084:
949:
849:
752:
505:
182:
172:
5012:
4637:
3511:
Horton J (April 2003). "Albendazole for the treatment of echinococcosis".
2777:), and other ruminants (same species as those found in cattle and sheep).
7472:
7449:
7121:
6836:
6826:
6803:
6767:
6627:
6617:
6613:
6510:
6506:
6496:
6288:
6069:
5975:
5817:
5777:
4210:
3992:
3049:(7th ed.). Stockholm, Wisconsin; Ames, Iowa: Wiley. pp. 19β21.
2247:
2055:
1724:
1667:
1646:
1320:
1183:
1179:
1108:
1093:, also called "visceral larva migrans", when caused by the dog roundworm
1054:
1031:
918:
853:
835:
80:
4193:
Wu Z, Lee D, Joo J, Shin JH, Kang W, Oh S, et al. (November 2013).
3268:
1559:
394:
7528:
7477:
7385:
7337:
7151:
7141:
7136:
7126:
7006:
6775:
6744:
6728:
6700:
6564:
6560:
6431:
6329:
6280:
6261:
6169:
6163:
6155:
6150:
6130:
6119:
6003:
5989:
5905:
5864:
5859:
5845:
5090:
5004:
3946:
WHO Model Prescribing Information: Drugs Used in HIV-Related Infections
3446:
Neonatal and Pediatric Pharmacology: Therapeutic Principles in Practice
2923: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2839:
2824:
2269:
1958:
1775:
1677:
of albendazole. Some parasites (especially filarial nematodes) live in
1666:, with inhibition of the latter leading to less energy produced by the
1638:
1537:
1529:
1490:
1328:
1238:
1234:
1197:
1164:
1142:
973:
945:
923:
776:
740:
617:
405:
4743:
Landmann F (March 2019). Cossart P, Roy CR, Sansonetti P (eds.). "The
806:
D in Australia, meaning it may cause harm if taken by pregnant women.
7611:
7395:
7375:
7332:
7327:
7307:
7302:
7243:
7213:
7193:
7146:
7131:
7116:
6675:
6488:
6478:
6294:
6135:
6125:
5950:
5879:
5831:
5796:
5719:
2700:
2119:
1903:, turning them into a long "filament" shape as they grow and fail to
1893:
1698:
are necessary to the survival of the parasitic worms. Elimination of
1683:
1678:
1634:
1544:
1413:
1348:
1312:
1300:
1270:
1188:
886:
of the liver, lung, and peritoneum (caused by the larval form of the
799:
760:
360:
325:
320:
66:
3227:
Neonatal Formulary: Drug Use in Pregnancy and the First Year of Life
2898:
7380:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7317:
7253:
7248:
7223:
7203:
7188:
7183:
7086:
6832:
6633:
6439:
6436:
6339:
6274:
6223:
6206:
5872:
5839:
5170:
4916:. National Center for Biotechnology Information. October 17, 2015.
2634:
2238:
2149:
2046:
1991:
1691:
1650:
1296:
1279:
1128:
903:
825:
791:
454:
385:
108:
3911:
Finch RG, Greenwood D, Whitley RJ, Norrby SR (November 30, 2010).
640:
7350:
7312:
7294:
7258:
7218:
7198:
7178:
6920:
6520:
6322:
6218:
6054:
5916:
5735:
2812:
1786:
1372:
1304:
1262:
to the benzimidazole class of compounds contraindicates its use.
1212:
989:
956:
or corticosteroids are sometimes added to treatment. In cases of
845:
4467:
Lanchote VL, Garcia FS, Dreossi SA, Takayanagui OM (June 2002).
4466:
4142:(2nd ed.). St. Louis, Mo: Saunders/Elsevier. pp. 8β9.
3821:"Hepatic capillariasis in children: report of 3 cases in Brazil"
259: (for humans; veterinary suspension and paste are both OTC)
7390:
7238:
7233:
7208:
6976:
6956:
5825:
1924:
1779:
1771:, while those in the rats are thought to be CYP2C6 and CYP2A1.
1768:
1764:
1502:
1381:
1292:
787:
485:
4091:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4083:
980:
in order to suppress microfilaremia. It can also be given for
30:
1801:
1347:(drop in white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets),
1316:
631:
465:
300:
3818:
3764:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 379, 382β383.
3639:"CDC - Angiostrongylus - Resources for Health Professionals"
530:
7400:
4407:
Taenia Solium Cysticercosis: From Basic to Clinical Science
4080:
3910:
1888:
445:
5556:
5554:
5552:
4520:
2833:
Also treats giardiasis in humans, dogs, and small mammals
1563:
A microtubule is composed of polymers of Ξ±- and Ξ²-tubulin.
4252:
4250:
4248:
4246:
4244:
4242:
3949:
3723:
3485:
3254:
2652:
infections in dogs and toxocariasis in humans (caused by
4990:
4942:
Rawden HC, Kokwaro GO, Ward SA, Edwards G (April 2000).
4941:
4793:
4364:
3670:"CDC - Anisakiasis - Resources for Health Professionals"
1774:
Oxidation to albendazole sulfoxide by FMO produces R(+)
798:
which usually improves on discontinuing the medication.
5549:
5489:
5487:
5485:
5483:
5481:
5479:
5477:
5475:
5299:
5198:
4292:
Drug Therapy for Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat
3716:"Helminths: Intestinal nematode infection: Albendazole"
3449:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 470β472.
937:
are sometimes added in cases of eye and CNS infections.
926:, which can be cured with a single dose of albendazole.
811:
World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines
6889:
5256:
4888:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 306.
4239:
4052:
4050:
3478:"Helminths: Cestode (tapeworm) infection: Albendazole"
1851:
Discarded bottles of albendazole distributed in Africa
1645:, thus inhibiting its polymerization or assembly into
7642:
4527:
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
4400:
3825:
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
3607:"Zoonotic Anatrichosomiasis in a Mother and Daughter"
3197:
3175:. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
1817:
5-(n-propylsulfonyl)-1H-benzimidazole-2-yl amine, and
5472:
5379:
5377:
2806:
infections (microsporidiosis) in humans and rabbits
2707:
Most species, but those usually found in cattle are:
1728:
General metabolism of albendazole and its sulfoxides
794:. Rare but potentially serious side effects include
5067:
4047:
3583:
Logan Turner's Diseases of the Nose, Throat and Ear
2726:
Most species, but those usually found in sheep are:
1740:, while men have a lower serum peak concentration.
1653:stores. Albendazole also prevents the formation of
1547:, which works as a CYP3A4 inhibitor, decreases the
735:type. It is used for the treatment of a variety of
4585:Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ (August 28, 2014).
4584:
4442:"Albenza (Albendazole) β Warnings and Precautions"
4162:
2751:, causative agent of trichuriasis), dogs (usually
972:, albendazole is sometimes given as an adjunct to
5408:
5374:
5112:
4615:
4169:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 31.
3572:
3570:
2877:It is extensively used for ruminant livestock in
1551:of albendazole in the plasma as well as the AUC.
809:Albendazole was developed in 1975. It is on the
7666:
5357:Georgis' Parasitology for Veterinarians - E-Book
3585:(10th ed.). CRC Press. pp. 2227β2239.
3568:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3550:
1820:5-(n-propysulfinyl)-1H-benzimidazole-2-yl amine.
373:
7564:GlaxoSmithKline Services Unlimited v Commission
5033:
4881:
3974:
3761:Infectious Diseases of the Female Genital Tract
3438:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3422:
1520:plasma concentration of albendazole sulfoxide;
348:
4910:"Ricobendazole | C12H15N3O3S (CID=83969)"
4709:
4691:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 1054, 1062.
4654:Infectious Diseases in Immunocompromised Hosts
4588:Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases
3753:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3398:Comprehensive Dermatologic Drug Therapy E-Book
1785:For systemic parasites, albendazole acts as a
1155:, including ocular microsporidiosis caused by
993:adults and thus slowly reduces microfilaremia.
952:("pre-larva") can cause an allergic reaction,
7700:World Health Organization essential medicines
6905:
6417:
5670:
4736:
4715:
4684:
3612:National Center for Biotechnology Information
3547:
3200:"Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database"
1891:-related, mechanism. It inhibits division of
5259:Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology
4787:
4719:Medical Pharmacology and Therapeutics E-Book
4618:Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology
4460:
4192:
4058:"Albendazole (Albenza) Use During Pregnancy"
3710:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3576:
3504:
3472:
3470:
3419:
1424:of albendazole sulfoxide's R(+) enantiomer.
1131:. A single dose is sufficient for treatment.
948:; since albendazole's disintegration of the
513:
112:
5599:Biology, Medicine, and Surgery of Elephants
5034:Stipanuk MH, Caudill MA (August 13, 2013).
4650:
4609:
4330:
4328:
4326:
4324:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4316:
4314:
4312:
4188:
4186:
3742:
3442:
3230:. John Wiley & Sons. 2014. p. 64.
3163:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3131:
821:Albendazole is an effective treatment for:
186:
57:Albenza, Eskazole, Valbazen, Zentel, others
6912:
6898:
6424:
6410:
5677:
5663:
5447:
5113:Karkhanis A, Hong Y, Chan EC (July 2017).
4882:Boullata JI, Armenti VT (March 17, 2010).
4680:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4574:
4572:
4570:
4568:
4566:
3936:
3934:
3879:. John Libbey Eurotext. pp. 144β145.
3757:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3342:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3111:
1331:(drop in white blood cell levels) such as
1282:and abnormal liver function. Elevation of
860:and as an alternative to praziquantel for
567:
544:
413:
29:
5454:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 238.
5443:
5441:
5360:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 282.
5349:
5347:
5327:
5317:
5089:
5063:
5061:
5059:
5057:
5040:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 564.
4967:
4937:
4935:
4722:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 616.
4591:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 520.
4538:
4371:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 807.
4218:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4000:
3917:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 101.
3836:
3693:
3467:
3401:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 137.
3315:"Opisthorchiasis - Treatment Information"
3267:
2983:Learn how and when to remove this message
1621:Learn how and when to remove this message
433:
5560:
5493:
5383:
4948:British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
4842:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4742:
4688:Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics
4685:Riviere JE, Papich MG (March 17, 2009).
4403:"Pharmacology of Anticysticeral Therapy"
4309:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4183:
4163:Briggs GG, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ (2011).
4095:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3812:
3577:Turner A, Horton J (December 30, 1987).
3354:
1846:
1723:
1558:
1269:
7557:Christopher v. SmithKline Beecham Corp.
5626:
5620:
5616:from the original on September 8, 2017.
5524:
4671:
4563:
4396:
4394:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4346:from the original on September 12, 2015
3931:
3619:from the original on September 28, 2023
3513:Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology
3415:from the original on September 8, 2017.
3375:from the original on September 8, 2017.
3339:
3198:Australian Government (March 3, 2014).
3179:from the original on September 23, 2015
3108:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3028:
1375:, increased intracranial pressure, and
657:208 to 210 Β°C (406 to 410 Β°F)
540:
393:
85:
7667:
5602:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 174.
5595:
5438:
5353:
5344:
5233:
5054:
4932:
4885:Handbook of Drug-Nutrient Interactions
4605:from the original on December 7, 2016.
4358:
4295:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 247.
4156:
4137:
4120:
3975:Francesconi F, Lupi O (January 2012).
3510:
3248:
1842:
1567:
558:
237:
7032:Recherche et Industrie ThΓ©rapeutiques
6893:
6405:
5658:
4846:
4831:
4716:Waller DG, Sampson T (June 4, 2017).
4401:Jung H, GonzΓ‘les-Esquivel DF (2002).
4288:
4277:
4199:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
4140:Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs
3897:
3872:
3861:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3262:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
3080:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3044:
2263:infections in dogs, cats, and humans
1083:, as an alternative to ivermectin or
864:. It is also given for infections by
493:
473:
250:
103:
71:
5531:. Teton NewMedia. pp. 91, 142.
5293:
4385:
4256:
3025:
2921:adding citations to reliable sources
2892:
1571:
1327:reactions such as rashes and hives,
1254:
176:
6947:GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Ltd
5577:from the original on August 8, 2017
5506:from the original on August 8, 2017
5426:from the original on August 8, 2017
5422:. US National Library of Medicine.
5396:from the original on August 8, 2017
4797:Medical Microbiology and Immunology
4765:10.1128/microbiolspec.bai-0018-2019
4265:from the original on August 8, 2017
4068:from the original on August 8, 2017
1705:
1428:Antiepileptics and pharmacokinetics
1420:lower the plasma concentration and
453:
364:
13:
5416:"VALBAZEN- albendazole suspension"
4993:Veterinary Research Communications
4920:from the original on March 6, 2016
4705:from the original on June 3, 2016.
4448:from the original on March 2, 2011
4405:. In Singh G, Prabhakar S (eds.).
4108:from the original on March 4, 2016
4035:from the original on July 11, 2017
3914:Antibiotic and Chemotherapy E-Book
3800:from the original on June 21, 2021
3394:
3379:
3358:Essentials of Medical Pharmacology
3355:Tripathi KD (September 30, 2013).
3206:from the original on April 8, 2014
3096:from the original on March 1, 2014
3063:
1512:Several other interactions exist.
1209:, though ivermectin is much better
1170:Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis
1145:, as an alternative or adjunct to
848:(tapeworms), as an alternative to
14:
7716:
7571:United States v. Glaxo Group Ltd.
5451:Rebhun's Diseases of Dairy Cattle
4757:American Society for Microbiology
4368:Manson's Tropical Diseases E-Book
4138:Papich MG (2007). "Albendazole".
1918:
213:
135:
7652:
7625:
7624:
7578:United States v. GlaxoSmithKline
6107:Glutamate-gated chloride channel
5647:from the original on 2017-09-08.
5561:Junquera P (December 12, 2016).
5545:from the original on 2017-09-08.
5468:from the original on 2017-09-08.
5384:Junquera P (February 11, 2017).
5271:10.1179/000349809X12502035776478
5246:from the original on 2015-11-06.
4960:10.1046/j.1365-2125.2000.00170.x
4510:from the original on 2017-08-08.
4485:10.1097/00007691-200206000-00003
4235:from the original on 2015-09-04.
3893:from the original on 2017-09-08.
3778:from the original on 2017-09-08.
3525:10.1046/j.1472-8206.2003.00171.x
3463:from the original on 2017-09-08.
3244:from the original on 2017-09-08.
3047:Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook
3045:Plumb DC (2011). "Albendazole".
2897:
2324:) and intestinal capillariasis (
1743:Albendazole undergoes very fast
1576:
1014:Hepatic capillariasis caused by
929:Baylisascariasis, caused by the
598:
592:
38:
7595:Drug Industry Documents Archive
5633:. Teton NewMedia. p. 142.
5589:
5518:
5494:Junquera P (December 8, 2016).
5250:
5227:
5192:
5164:
5106:
5027:
4984:
4902:
4875:
4644:
4514:
4434:
4423:from the original on 2023-01-14
4025:"Albenza New FDA Drug Approval"
4017:
3968:
3782:
3662:
3631:
3599:
3361:. JP Medical Ltd. p. 850.
2908:needs additional citations for
2855:, caused by various species of
1761:flavin-containing monooxygenase
1554:
1403:
1265:
890:, or of the alveoli (caused by
816:
698:Key:HXHWSAZORRCQMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
7550:Canada v. GlaxoSmithKline Inc.
4630:10.1080/00034983.1994.11812834
3307:
3284:"CDC - Clonorchis - Treatment"
3276:
3218:
3191:
2745:infections in humans (usually
1855:
1536:(total drug exposure) by 75%.
737:intestinal parasite infections
610:
604:
586:
226:
1:
5596:Fowler ME (October 2, 2006).
4861:10.1016/S0001-706X(03)00031-7
3981:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
3790:"Quick thinking saves a life"
3018:
2741:Albendazole is also used for
1311:, meningeal signs, temporary
1241:when given during pregnancy.
1196:, when combined with topical
1163:, when combined with topical
1029:caused by hookworms of genus
5354:Bowman DD (March 12, 2014).
5319:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002922
4096:Junquera P (July 26, 2015).
3678:. 2020-05-20. Archived from
3647:. 2020-05-20. Archived from
3443:Yaffe SJ, Aranda JV (2010).
3324:. 2013-11-29. Archived from
3292:. 2018-02-20. Archived from
1863:
1223:
1172:, when caused by the amoeba
786:Common side effects include
7:
5448:Divers TJ, Peek SF (2008).
4473:Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
3794:Alberta College of Pharmacy
3758:Sweet RL, Gibbs RS (2009).
2143:cysts in horses and humans
1951:Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
1931:Albendazole use in animals
1882:
1868:The pharmaceutical company
1596:. The specific problem is:
1387:
10:
7721:
7690:Drugs developed by GSK plc
6145:+esafoxolaner/praziquantel
5961:+esafoxolaner/eprinomectin
5812:+esafoxolaner/eprinomectin
5082:10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.11.010
4657:. CRC Press. p. 695.
4409:. CABI. pp. 368β371.
3395:Wu JJ (October 18, 2012).
3272:. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
1900:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
1833:
1658:metabolic enzymes such as
1343:(reduced platelet count),
960:(elephantiasis) caused by
673:CCCSc2ccc1nc(NC(=O)OC)c1c2
576:Chemical and physical data
7620:
7587:
7541:
7491:
7420:
7413:
7287:
7166:
7074:
7067:
7060:
7052:Smith, Kline & French
6987:
6971:
6934:
6927:
6850:
6785:
6754:
6683:
6674:
6647:
6578:
6541:
6469:
6460:
6451:
6362:
6249:
6190:
6105:
6052:
6036:
5942:
5914:
5899:
5788:
5761:
5733:
5718:
5711:Antiplatyhelmintic agents
5709:
5131:10.1016/j.bcp.2017.02.017
4809:10.1007/s00430-002-0174-6
4540:10.4269/ajtmh.2000.63.270
4289:Wiebe VJ (May 11, 2015).
3838:10.4269/ajtmh.1999.61.642
3256:World Health Organization
3011:There is a 27-day cattle
2781:
2236:
2118:
1957:
1948:
1430:of albendazole sulfoxide
706:
681:
661:
651:
629:
616:
580:
575:
556:
524:
504:
484:
464:
444:
424:
404:
384:
359:
339:
334:
319:
306:
294:
284:
274:
266:
203:
198:
163:
149:
123:
93:
79:
61:
51:
46:
37:
28:
7042:S. E. Massengill Company
6942:GlaxoSmithKline Pakistan
5627:Webster C (March 2001).
5525:Webster C (March 2001).
5234:Greene JA (2015-09-23).
5119:Biochemical Pharmacology
1757:cytochrome P450 oxidases
1149:, especially in children
1076:Oesophagostomum bifurcum
1051:Intestinal capillariasis
783:, among other diseases.
7037:Reliant Pharmaceuticals
6919:
6599:Pentavalent antimonials
6471:African trypanosomiasis
5212:March 19, 2016, at the
5172:US patent 003915986
2888:
2049:(ex. llama and alpaca)
1361:bone marrow suppression
1175:Balamuthia mandrillaris
1127:, as an alternative to
1053:, as an alternative to
1027:cutaneous larva migrans
796:bone marrow suppression
773:cutaneous larva migrans
5184:July 24, 2013, at the
4651:St Georgiev V (1997).
3952:. 1999. Archived from
3726:. 1995. Archived from
3488:. 1995. Archived from
2239:Nematodes (roundworms)
1852:
1738:volume of distribution
1729:
1689:intracellular parasite
1564:
1275:
1178:, in combination with
1157:Encephalitozoon hellem
1119:T. pseudospiralis
1002:Gnathostoma spinigerum
893:E. multilocularis
790:, abdominal pain, and
7600:GlaxoSmithKline Prize
7027:Human Genome Sciences
6607:Sodium stibogluconate
6603:Meglumine antimoniate
5630:Clinical Pharmacology
5528:Clinical Pharmacology
4749:Microbiology Spectrum
2686:T. colubriformis
2677:T. colubriformis
2399:infections in horses
1978:(lancet liver fluke)
1850:
1745:first-pass metabolism
1727:
1562:
1549:maximum concentration
1309:intracranial pressure
1273:
1207:Head lice infestation
6997:Allen & Hanburys
6952:Stiefel Laboratories
6517:naphthalenesulfonate
6317:naphthalenesulfonate
6201:tetrahydropyrimidine
6038:Antinematodal agents
5265:(Suppl 1): S11βS15.
5200:US patent 956499
4211:10.1128/AAC.00843-13
3993:10.1128/CMR.00010-11
3942:"Drugs: Albendazole"
2917:improve this article
2823:(causative agent of
2694:infection in humans
2556:O. circumcincta
2120:Cestodes (tapeworms)
1911:relies on symbiotic
1694:. In such cases the
1660:malate dehydrogenase
1603:improve this section
1592:to meet Knowledge's
1114:Trichinella spiralis
1072:Oesophagostomumiasis
963:Wuchereria bancrofti
958:lymphatic filariasis
723:is a broad-spectrum
6350:Tetrachloroethylene
2608:in dogs and humans
2581:O. columbianum
2215:infections in dogs
2114:infections in cats
2094:infections in cats
1932:
1843:Society and culture
1795:cerebrospinal fluid
1791:bloodβbrain barrier
1641:-sensitive site of
1568:Mechanism of action
1431:
1408:The antiepileptics
1357:acute kidney injury
1125:Trichostrongyliasis
1065:Mansonella perstans
1023:Hookworm infections
1017:Capillaria hepatica
246:(Prescription only)
222:(Prescription only)
25:
7504:Silas M. Burroughs
7047:SmithKline Beecham
7012:Burroughs Wellcome
6877:Never to phase III
6389:Never to phase III
6267:Diethylcarbamazine
5221:2024-07-01 at the
5070:Veterinary Journal
5005:10.1007/BF02213995
3956:on August 29, 2015
3730:on August 31, 2015
3492:on August 31, 2015
3090:Medscape Reference
3001:Codex Alimentarius
2045:in South American
1930:
1853:
1814:methyl carbamate,
1811:methyl carbamate,
1808:methyl carbamate,
1755:) in the liver by
1730:
1664:fumarate reductase
1565:
1427:
1276:
1213:Intestinal myiasis
1044:Necator americanus
978:diethylcarbamazine
914:Angiostrongyliasis
878:neurocysticercosis
867:T. crassiceps
804:pregnancy category
800:Liver inflammation
749:hookworm infection
330:Kidney (ruminants)
21:
7640:
7639:
7537:
7536:
7409:
7408:
7283:
7282:
6983:
6982:
6887:
6886:
6846:
6845:
6670:
6669:
6624:phosphorylcholine
6574:
6573:
6399:
6398:
6358:
6357:
6032:
6031:
6028:
6027:
5895:
5894:
5640:978-1-893441-37-8
5609:978-0-8138-0676-1
5538:978-1-893441-37-8
5461:978-1-4160-3137-6
5367:978-1-4557-3988-2
5047:978-0-323-26695-6
4895:978-1-60327-362-6
4729:978-0-7020-7190-4
4698:978-0-8138-2061-3
4664:978-0-8493-8553-7
4598:978-1-4557-4801-3
4416:978-0-85199-839-8
4378:978-0-7020-5306-1
4342:. February 2013.
4302:978-1-118-55747-1
4261:. Parasitipedia.
4205:(11): 5448β5456.
4176:978-1-60831-708-0
4149:978-1-4160-2888-8
3924:978-0-7020-4765-7
3886:978-2-7420-0538-3
3873:Gouma DJ (2004).
3771:978-0-7817-7815-2
3592:978-0-340-92767-0
3456:978-0-7817-9538-8
3408:978-1-4557-3801-4
3368:978-93-5025-937-5
3056:978-0-470-95964-0
2993:
2992:
2985:
2967:
2863:
2862:
2771:), pigs (usually
2761:), cats (usually
2549:O. ostertagi
2326:C. philippinensis
2303:C. philippinensis
2074:in cats and dogs
1753:albendazole oxide
1631:
1630:
1623:
1594:quality standards
1585:This section may
1487:
1486:
1255:Contraindications
1228:Albendazole is a
1111:, when caused by
1099:or cat roundworm
1074:, when caused by
1038:A. duodenale
941:Pinworm infection
931:raccoon roundworm
909:Anatrichosomiasis
745:pinworm infection
718:
717:
642:Interactive image
526:CompTox Dashboard
254:
241:
229:
217:
139:
106:
16:Chemical compound
7712:
7705:Propyl compounds
7657:
7656:
7655:
7648:
7628:
7627:
7455:Patrick Vallance
7418:
7417:
7147:Wellbutrin/Zyban
7072:
7071:
7065:
7064:
6932:
6931:
6914:
6907:
6900:
6891:
6890:
6681:
6680:
6467:
6466:
6458:
6457:
6426:
6419:
6412:
6403:
6402:
6212:pyrantel pamoate
6180:Milbemycin oxime
6050:
6049:
6044:macrofilaricides
5912:
5911:
5731:
5730:
5725:schistosomicides
5716:
5715:
5679:
5672:
5665:
5656:
5655:
5649:
5648:
5624:
5618:
5617:
5593:
5587:
5586:
5584:
5582:
5558:
5547:
5546:
5522:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5511:
5491:
5470:
5469:
5445:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5431:
5412:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5401:
5381:
5372:
5371:
5351:
5342:
5341:
5331:
5321:
5297:
5291:
5290:
5254:
5248:
5247:
5231:
5225:
5208:
5207:
5203:
5196:
5190:
5180:
5179:
5175:
5168:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5149:. Archived from
5110:
5104:
5103:
5093:
5065:
5052:
5051:
5031:
5025:
5024:
4988:
4982:
4981:
4971:
4939:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4925:
4906:
4900:
4899:
4879:
4873:
4872:
4855:(2β3): 141β159.
4844:
4829:
4828:
4791:
4785:
4784:
4747:Endosymbionts".
4740:
4734:
4733:
4713:
4707:
4706:
4682:
4669:
4668:
4648:
4642:
4641:
4613:
4607:
4606:
4582:
4561:
4560:
4542:
4533:(5β6): 270β273.
4518:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4464:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4438:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4398:
4383:
4382:
4362:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4332:
4307:
4306:
4286:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4270:
4254:
4237:
4236:
4222:
4190:
4181:
4180:
4160:
4154:
4153:
4135:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4093:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4054:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4021:
4015:
4014:
4004:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3938:
3929:
3928:
3908:
3895:
3894:
3870:
3859:
3858:
3840:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3755:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3712:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3574:
3545:
3544:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3474:
3465:
3464:
3440:
3417:
3416:
3392:
3377:
3376:
3352:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3165:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3082:
3061:
3060:
3042:
2988:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2968:
2966:
2925:
2901:
2893:
2692:Trichostrongylus
2668:Trichostrongylus
1933:
1929:
1706:Pharmacokinetics
1675:binding affinity
1626:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1606:
1580:
1579:
1572:
1483:50β63% decrease
1472:50β63% decrease
1461:50β63% decrease
1432:
1426:
1341:thrombocytopenia
1337:granulocytopenia
1325:hypersensitivity
1260:Hypersensitivity
1161:E. cuniculi
1153:Microsporidiosis
1129:pyrantel pamoate
1081:Strongyloidiasis
757:strongyloidiasis
714:
713:
644:
624:
612:
606:
600:
594:
588:
571:
560:
549:
548:
534:
532:
517:
497:
477:
457:
437:
417:
397:
377:
367:
366:
352:
311:
252:
249:
239:
236:
228:
225:
215:
212:
190:
180:
137:
134:
116:
105:
102:
89:
75:
42:
33:
26:
24:
20:
7720:
7719:
7715:
7714:
7713:
7711:
7710:
7709:
7665:
7664:
7663:
7653:
7651:
7643:
7641:
7636:
7616:
7583:
7533:
7487:
7483:Laurie Glimcher
7450:Manvinder Banga
7445:Roy M. Anderson
7440:Simon Dingemans
7422:
7405:
7279:
7162:
7056:
6989:
6979:
6967:
6962:ViiV Healthcare
6923:
6918:
6888:
6883:
6882:
6867:Clinical trials
6842:
6807:
6787:Dientamoebiasis
6781:
6750:
6666:
6643:
6570:
6537:
6524:
6462:Trypanosomiasis
6447:
6430:
6400:
6395:
6394:
6379:Clinical trials
6354:
6335:Hexylresorcinol
6245:
6186:
6101:
6042:
6040:
6024:
5938:
5903:
5891:
5784:
5772:phosphonic acid
5757:
5751:Triclabendazole
5722:
5720:Antitrematodals
5705:
5683:
5653:
5652:
5641:
5625:
5621:
5610:
5594:
5590:
5580:
5578:
5559:
5550:
5539:
5523:
5519:
5509:
5507:
5492:
5473:
5462:
5446:
5439:
5429:
5427:
5414:
5413:
5409:
5399:
5397:
5382:
5375:
5368:
5352:
5345:
5312:(9): e1002922.
5298:
5294:
5255:
5251:
5232:
5228:
5223:Wayback Machine
5214:Wayback Machine
5205:
5197:
5193:
5186:Wayback Machine
5177:
5169:
5165:
5156:
5154:
5111:
5107:
5066:
5055:
5048:
5032:
5028:
4989:
4985:
4940:
4933:
4923:
4921:
4908:
4907:
4903:
4896:
4880:
4876:
4845:
4832:
4792:
4788:
4741:
4737:
4730:
4714:
4710:
4699:
4683:
4672:
4665:
4649:
4645:
4614:
4610:
4599:
4583:
4564:
4519:
4515:
4507:
4465:
4461:
4451:
4449:
4440:
4439:
4435:
4426:
4424:
4417:
4399:
4386:
4379:
4363:
4359:
4349:
4347:
4334:
4333:
4310:
4303:
4287:
4278:
4268:
4266:
4255:
4240:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4161:
4157:
4150:
4136:
4121:
4111:
4109:
4094:
4081:
4071:
4069:
4056:
4055:
4048:
4038:
4036:
4023:
4022:
4018:
3973:
3969:
3959:
3957:
3940:
3939:
3932:
3925:
3909:
3898:
3887:
3871:
3862:
3817:
3813:
3803:
3801:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3772:
3756:
3743:
3733:
3731:
3714:
3713:
3694:
3685:
3683:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3654:
3652:
3637:
3636:
3632:
3622:
3620:
3605:
3604:
3600:
3593:
3575:
3548:
3509:
3505:
3495:
3493:
3476:
3475:
3468:
3457:
3441:
3420:
3409:
3393:
3380:
3369:
3353:
3340:
3331:
3329:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3299:
3297:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3253:
3249:
3238:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3209:
3207:
3196:
3192:
3182:
3180:
3167:
3166:
3109:
3099:
3097:
3084:
3083:
3064:
3057:
3043:
3026:
3021:
3013:withdrawal time
2989:
2978:
2972:
2969:
2926:
2924:
2914:
2902:
2891:
2790:Encephalitozoon
2735:
2731:
2727:
2718:
2714:
2708:
2684:
2675:
2571:Oesophagostomum
2510:
2501:
2448:
2439:
2369:
2360:
2169:
2160:
2112:Opisthorchiidae
2100:Opisthorchiidae
2028:(liver flukes)
1995:(liver flukes)
1970:(liver flukes)
1921:
1885:
1877:GlaxoSmithKline
1866:
1858:
1845:
1836:
1708:
1627:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1600:
1581:
1577:
1570:
1557:
1514:Corticosteroids
1499:bioavailability
1449:
1429:
1406:
1397:
1390:
1365:aplastic anemia
1359:, irreversible
1333:agranulocytosis
1268:
1257:
1230:pregnancy class
1226:
1194:Crusted scabies
1062:when caused by
1010:Gongylonemiasis
999:when caused by
997:Gnathostomiasis
935:Corticosteroids
841:Opisthorchiasis
819:
781:gnathostomiasis
769:opisthorchiasis
709:
707:
702:
699:
694:
689:
688:
677:
674:
669:
668:
647:
622:
609:
603:
597:
591:
552:
528:
520:
500:
480:
460:
440:
420:
400:
380:
363:
355:
329:
309:
286:Protein binding
276:Bioavailability
268:Pharmacokinetic
262:
194:
152:
145:
126:
119:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7718:
7708:
7707:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7687:
7682:
7680:Benzimidazoles
7677:
7662:
7661:
7638:
7637:
7635:
7634:
7621:
7618:
7617:
7615:
7614:
7609:
7602:
7597:
7591:
7589:
7585:
7584:
7582:
7581:
7574:
7567:
7560:
7553:
7545:
7543:
7539:
7538:
7535:
7534:
7532:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7519:Henry Wellcome
7516:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7499:Thomas Beecham
7495:
7493:
7489:
7488:
7486:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7467:
7465:Lynn Elsenhans
7462:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7430:Philip Hampton
7426:
7424:
7415:
7411:
7410:
7407:
7406:
7404:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7356:Goody's Powder
7353:
7348:
7345:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7297:
7291:
7289:
7285:
7284:
7281:
7280:
7278:
7277:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7170:
7168:
7164:
7163:
7161:
7160:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7078:
7076:
7069:
7062:
7058:
7057:
7055:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7022:Glaxo Wellcome
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6993:
6991:
6985:
6984:
6981:
6980:
6975:
6973:
6969:
6968:
6966:
6965:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6938:
6936:
6929:
6925:
6924:
6917:
6916:
6909:
6902:
6894:
6885:
6884:
6881:
6880:
6879:
6878:
6875:
6864:
6858:
6852:
6851:
6848:
6847:
6844:
6843:
6841:
6840:
6830:
6820:
6809:
6808:
6801:
6795:nitroimidazole
6791:
6789:
6783:
6782:
6780:
6779:
6764:nitroimidazole
6760:
6758:
6756:Trichomoniasis
6752:
6751:
6749:
6748:
6737:
6736:
6726:
6715:
6714:
6704:
6693:nitroimidazole
6689:
6687:
6678:
6672:
6671:
6668:
6667:
6665:
6664:
6661:Amphotericin B
6653:
6651:
6645:
6644:
6642:
6641:
6631:
6621:
6596:
6595:
6592:Amphotericin B
6584:
6582:
6576:
6575:
6572:
6571:
6569:
6568:
6558:
6551:nitroimidazole
6547:
6545:
6543:Chagas disease
6539:
6538:
6536:
6535:
6528:nitroimidazole
6525:
6514:
6504:
6486:
6475:
6473:
6464:
6455:
6449:
6448:
6433:Antiparasitics
6429:
6428:
6421:
6414:
6406:
6397:
6396:
6393:
6392:
6391:
6390:
6387:
6376:
6370:
6364:
6363:
6360:
6359:
6356:
6355:
6353:
6352:
6347:
6345:Tribendimidine
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6326:
6325:
6313:
6312:
6311:
6303:benzylammonium
6299:
6298:
6297:
6285:
6284:
6283:
6271:
6270:
6269:
6264:
6253:
6251:
6247:
6246:
6244:
6243:
6242:
6241:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6215:
6214:
6196:
6194:
6188:
6187:
6185:
6184:
6183:
6182:
6177:
6160:
6159:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6115:
6113:
6103:
6102:
6100:
6099:
6098:
6097:
6092:
6090:Ciclobendazole
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6059:
6057:
6047:
6034:
6033:
6030:
6029:
6026:
6025:
6023:
6022:
6021:
6020:
6008:
6007:
6006:
5994:
5993:
5992:
5980:
5979:
5978:
5970:salicylanilide
5966:
5965:
5964:
5946:
5944:
5940:
5939:
5937:
5936:
5935:
5934:
5921:
5919:
5909:
5897:
5896:
5893:
5892:
5890:
5889:
5888:
5887:
5882:
5869:
5868:
5867:
5862:
5850:
5849:
5848:
5836:
5835:
5834:
5822:
5821:
5820:
5815:
5805:
5803:Arpraziquantel
5792:
5790:
5786:
5785:
5783:
5782:
5781:
5780:
5767:
5765:
5763:AChE inhibitor
5759:
5758:
5756:
5755:
5754:
5753:
5740:
5738:
5728:
5713:
5707:
5706:
5686:Antiparasitics
5682:
5681:
5674:
5667:
5659:
5651:
5650:
5639:
5619:
5608:
5588:
5565:Trichuris spp.
5548:
5537:
5517:
5471:
5460:
5437:
5407:
5373:
5366:
5343:
5306:PLOS Pathogens
5292:
5249:
5226:
5191:
5163:
5105:
5076:(3): 241β250.
5053:
5046:
5026:
4999:(4): 317β324.
4983:
4954:(4): 313β322.
4931:
4901:
4894:
4874:
4830:
4803:(4): 211β216.
4786:
4735:
4728:
4708:
4697:
4670:
4663:
4643:
4608:
4597:
4562:
4513:
4479:(3): 338β345.
4459:
4433:
4415:
4384:
4377:
4357:
4308:
4301:
4276:
4238:
4182:
4175:
4155:
4148:
4119:
4079:
4046:
4016:
3967:
3930:
3923:
3896:
3885:
3860:
3831:(4): 642β647.
3811:
3781:
3770:
3741:
3692:
3661:
3630:
3598:
3591:
3546:
3519:(2): 205β212.
3503:
3466:
3455:
3418:
3407:
3378:
3367:
3338:
3306:
3275:
3247:
3236:
3217:
3190:
3107:
3062:
3055:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3017:
2991:
2990:
2905:
2903:
2896:
2890:
2887:
2861:
2860:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2816:
2808:
2807:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2739:
2724:
2705:
2696:
2695:
2688:
2679:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2630:
2629:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2605:S. stercoralis
2600:
2597:
2594:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2505:
2503:N. helvetianus
2496:
2490:
2489:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2474:Metastrongylus
2470:
2469:
2467:
2462:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2443:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2401:
2400:
2393:
2388:
2381:
2372:
2371:
2364:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2339:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:B. phlebotomum
2273:
2265:
2264:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2243:
2242:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2226:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2211:in humans and
2193:
2190:
2182:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2164:
2153:
2145:
2144:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2123:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2059:(lung flukes)
2051:
2050:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2020:
2019:
2008:
2003:
1996:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1982:D. dendriticum
1979:
1975:D. dendriticum
1971:
1962:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1920:
1919:Veterinary use
1917:
1884:
1881:
1865:
1862:
1857:
1854:
1844:
1841:
1835:
1832:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1793:and enter the
1707:
1704:
1655:spindle fibers
1629:
1628:
1584:
1582:
1575:
1569:
1566:
1556:
1553:
1542:antiretroviral
1532:increases the
1485:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1436:
1405:
1402:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1289:abdominal pain
1267:
1264:
1256:
1253:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1204:
1202:salicylic acid
1186:
1167:
1150:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1132:
1122:
1106:
1096:Toxocara canis
1088:
1078:
1069:
1060:Mansonelliasis
1057:
1048:
1020:
1012:
1007:
994:
954:antihistamines
943:
938:
927:
921:
916:
911:
901:
900:
899:
898:
897:
884:Echinococcosis
881:
862:pork tapeworms
858:beef tapeworms
843:
838:
833:
818:
815:
716:
715:
704:
703:
701:
700:
697:
695:
692:
684:
683:
682:
679:
678:
676:
675:
672:
664:
663:
662:
659:
658:
655:
649:
648:
646:
645:
637:
635:
627:
626:
620:
614:
613:
607:
601:
595:
589:
584:
578:
577:
573:
572:
562:
554:
553:
551:
550:
537:
535:
522:
521:
519:
518:
510:
508:
502:
501:
499:
498:
490:
488:
482:
481:
479:
478:
470:
468:
462:
461:
459:
458:
450:
448:
442:
441:
439:
438:
430:
428:
422:
421:
419:
418:
410:
408:
402:
401:
399:
398:
390:
388:
382:
381:
379:
378:
370:
368:
357:
356:
354:
353:
345:
343:
337:
336:
332:
331:
323:
317:
316:
313:
304:
303:
298:
292:
291:
288:
282:
281:
278:
272:
271:
264:
263:
261:
260:
247:
234:
223:
209:
207:
201:
200:
196:
195:
193:
192:
169:
167:
161:
160:
155:
153:administration
147:
146:
144:
143:
141:
131:
129:
121:
120:
118:
117:
99:
97:
91:
90:
83:
77:
76:
69:
59:
58:
55:
49:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7717:
7706:
7703:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7675:Anthelmintics
7673:
7672:
7670:
7660:
7650:
7649:
7646:
7633:
7632:
7623:
7622:
7619:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7607:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7592:
7590:
7586:
7580:
7579:
7575:
7573:
7572:
7568:
7566:
7565:
7561:
7559:
7558:
7554:
7552:
7551:
7547:
7546:
7544:
7540:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7514:John K. Smith
7512:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7496:
7494:
7490:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:Jesse Goodman
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7435:Emma Walmsley
7433:
7431:
7428:
7427:
7425:
7419:
7416:
7412:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7292:
7290:
7286:
7276:
7275:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7171:
7169:
7165:
7159:
7158:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7127:Paxil/Seroxat
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7079:
7077:
7073:
7070:
7066:
7063:
7059:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7002:Beecham Group
7000:
6998:
6995:
6994:
6992:
6988:Predecessors,
6986:
6978:
6974:
6970:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6939:
6937:
6933:
6930:
6926:
6922:
6915:
6910:
6908:
6903:
6901:
6896:
6895:
6892:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6853:
6849:
6838:
6834:
6831:
6828:
6824:
6821:
6818:
6814:
6811:
6810:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6799:Metronidazole
6796:
6793:
6792:
6790:
6788:
6784:
6777:
6773:
6772:Metronidazole
6769:
6765:
6762:
6761:
6759:
6757:
6753:
6746:
6742:
6741:aminoacridine
6739:
6738:
6734:
6730:
6727:
6724:
6720:
6717:
6716:
6712:
6708:
6707:benzimidazole
6705:
6702:
6698:
6697:Metronidazole
6694:
6691:
6690:
6688:
6686:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6673:
6662:
6658:
6655:
6654:
6652:
6650:
6646:
6639:
6635:
6632:
6629:
6625:
6622:
6619:
6615:
6612:
6611:
6610:
6608:
6604:
6600:
6593:
6589:
6586:
6585:
6583:
6581:
6580:Leishmaniasis
6577:
6566:
6562:
6559:
6556:
6552:
6549:
6548:
6546:
6544:
6540:
6533:
6529:
6526:
6522:
6518:
6515:
6512:
6508:
6505:
6502:
6498:
6494:
6490:
6487:
6484:
6480:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6472:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6453:Discicristata
6450:
6445:
6441:
6438:
6434:
6427:
6422:
6420:
6415:
6413:
6408:
6407:
6404:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6365:
6361:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6324:
6321:
6320:
6319:
6318:
6314:
6310:
6307:
6306:
6305:
6304:
6300:
6296:
6293:
6292:
6291:
6290:
6286:
6282:
6279:
6278:
6277:
6276:
6272:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6259:
6258:
6255:
6254:
6252:
6250:Other/unknown
6248:
6239:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6213:
6210:
6209:
6208:
6205:
6204:
6203:
6202:
6198:
6197:
6195:
6193:
6189:
6181:
6178:
6175:
6171:
6168:
6167:
6166:
6165:
6161:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6146:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6123:
6122:
6121:
6117:
6116:
6114:
6112:
6111:GABA receptor
6108:
6104:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6067:
6066:
6065:
6064:benzimidazole
6061:
6060:
6058:
6056:
6051:
6048:
6045:
6039:
6035:
6019:
6016:
6015:
6014:
6013:
6009:
6005:
6002:
6001:
6000:
5999:
5998:butyrophenone
5995:
5991:
5988:
5987:
5986:
5985:
5984:aminoacridine
5981:
5977:
5974:
5973:
5972:
5971:
5967:
5962:
5958:
5955:
5954:
5953:
5952:
5948:
5947:
5945:
5943:Other/unknown
5941:
5933:
5930:
5929:
5928:
5927:
5926:benzimidazole
5923:
5922:
5920:
5918:
5913:
5910:
5907:
5902:
5901:Anticestodals
5898:
5886:
5885:Tartar emetic
5883:
5881:
5878:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5870:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5857:
5856:
5855:
5851:
5847:
5844:
5843:
5842:
5841:
5837:
5833:
5830:
5829:
5828:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5816:
5813:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5800:
5799:
5798:
5794:
5793:
5791:
5789:Other/unknown
5787:
5779:
5776:
5775:
5774:
5773:
5769:
5768:
5766:
5764:
5760:
5752:
5749:
5748:
5747:
5746:
5745:benzimidazole
5742:
5741:
5739:
5737:
5732:
5729:
5726:
5721:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5708:
5703:
5699:
5695:
5691:
5690:Anthelmintics
5687:
5680:
5675:
5673:
5668:
5666:
5661:
5660:
5657:
5646:
5642:
5636:
5632:
5631:
5623:
5615:
5611:
5605:
5601:
5600:
5592:
5576:
5572:
5571:Parasitipedia
5568:
5566:
5557:
5555:
5553:
5544:
5540:
5534:
5530:
5529:
5521:
5505:
5501:
5500:Parasitipedia
5497:
5490:
5488:
5486:
5484:
5482:
5480:
5478:
5476:
5467:
5463:
5457:
5453:
5452:
5444:
5442:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5411:
5395:
5391:
5390:Parasitipedia
5387:
5380:
5378:
5369:
5363:
5359:
5358:
5350:
5348:
5339:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5303:
5296:
5288:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5260:
5253:
5245:
5241:
5237:
5230:
5224:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5211:
5201:
5195:
5189:
5187:
5183:
5173:
5167:
5153:on 2019-04-27
5152:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5120:
5116:
5109:
5101:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5071:
5064:
5062:
5060:
5058:
5049:
5043:
5039:
5038:
5030:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4994:
4987:
4979:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4961:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4938:
4936:
4919:
4915:
4911:
4905:
4897:
4891:
4887:
4886:
4878:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4843:
4841:
4839:
4837:
4835:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4802:
4798:
4790:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4739:
4731:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4712:
4704:
4700:
4694:
4690:
4689:
4681:
4679:
4677:
4675:
4666:
4660:
4656:
4655:
4647:
4639:
4635:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4612:
4604:
4600:
4594:
4590:
4589:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4517:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4470:
4463:
4447:
4443:
4437:
4422:
4418:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4380:
4374:
4370:
4369:
4361:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4331:
4329:
4327:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4304:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4285:
4283:
4281:
4264:
4260:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4245:
4243:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4189:
4187:
4178:
4172:
4168:
4167:
4159:
4151:
4145:
4141:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4107:
4103:
4102:Parasitipedia
4099:
4092:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4084:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4053:
4051:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4020:
4012:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3987:(1): 79β105.
3986:
3982:
3978:
3971:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3937:
3935:
3926:
3920:
3916:
3915:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3892:
3888:
3882:
3878:
3877:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3815:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3785:
3777:
3773:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3682:on 2023-09-28
3681:
3677:
3676:
3671:
3665:
3651:on 2024-05-02
3650:
3646:
3645:
3640:
3634:
3618:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3602:
3594:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3579:"Albendazole"
3573:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3507:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3473:
3471:
3462:
3458:
3452:
3448:
3447:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3414:
3410:
3404:
3400:
3399:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3374:
3370:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3328:on 2015-09-13
3327:
3323:
3321:
3316:
3310:
3296:on 2024-02-25
3295:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3279:
3270:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3251:
3243:
3239:
3237:9781118819593
3233:
3229:
3228:
3221:
3205:
3201:
3194:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3169:"Albendazole"
3164:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3058:
3052:
3048:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3024:
3016:
3014:
3009:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2987:
2984:
2976:
2965:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2934: β
2933:
2932:"Albendazole"
2929:
2928:Find sources:
2922:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2906:This section
2904:
2900:
2895:
2894:
2886:
2882:
2880:
2879:Latin America
2875:
2873:
2869:
2868:metronidazole
2858:
2854:
2853:leishmaniasis
2850:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2591:Strongyloides
2588:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2512:N. filicollis
2509:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2328:) in humans.
2327:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2229:T. actinoides
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2208:T. crassiceps
2204:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2071:P. kellicotti
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1928:
1926:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1909:Brugia malayi
1906:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1880:
1878:
1873:
1871:
1861:
1849:
1840:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1759:(CYPs) and a
1758:
1754:
1750:
1749:ricobendazole
1746:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1716:mucus surface
1711:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1625:
1622:
1614:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1583:
1574:
1573:
1561:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1522:dexamethasone
1519:
1516:increase the
1515:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1466:Phenobarbitol
1465:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1455:Carbamazepine
1454:
1453:
1450:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1418:phenobarbital
1415:
1411:
1410:carbamazepine
1401:
1398:
1385:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1353:liver failure
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1284:liver enzymes
1281:
1272:
1263:
1261:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1246:cleft palates
1242:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1221:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1147:metronidazole
1144:
1141:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1102:T. catis
1098:
1097:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1085:thiabendazole
1082:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1003:
998:
995:
992:
991:
986:
984:
979:
975:
971:
970:
969:Brugia malayi
965:
964:
959:
955:
951:
950:microfilariae
947:
944:
942:
939:
936:
932:
928:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
905:
902:
895:
894:
889:
885:
882:
879:
875:
874:Cysticercosis
872:
871:
869:
868:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
831:Clonorchiasis
829:
828:
827:
824:
823:
822:
814:
812:
807:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
784:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
765:clonorchiasis
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
733:benzimidazole
731:agent of the
730:
729:antiprotozoal
726:
725:antihelmintic
722:
712:
705:
696:
691:
690:
687:
680:
671:
670:
667:
660:
656:
654:
653:Melting point
650:
643:
639:
638:
636:
633:
628:
621:
619:
615:
585:
583:
579:
574:
570:
566:
563:
561:
559:ECHA InfoCard
555:
547:
543:
542:DTXSID0022563
539:
538:
536:
527:
523:
516:
512:
511:
509:
507:
503:
496:
492:
491:
489:
487:
483:
476:
472:
471:
469:
467:
463:
456:
452:
451:
449:
447:
443:
436:
432:
431:
429:
427:
423:
416:
412:
411:
409:
407:
403:
396:
392:
391:
389:
387:
383:
376:
372:
371:
369:
362:
358:
351:
347:
346:
344:
342:
338:
333:
327:
324:
322:
318:
314:
312:
305:
302:
299:
297:
293:
289:
287:
283:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
258:
248:
245:
235:
233:
224:
221:
211:
210:
208:
206:
202:
197:
189:
184:
179:
174:
171:
170:
168:
166:
162:
159:
156:
154:
148:
142:
133:
132:
130:
128:
122:
115:
110:
101:
100:
98:
96:
92:
88:
84:
82:
78:
74:
70:
68:
64:
60:
56:
54:
50:
47:Clinical data
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
19:
7630:
7606:Side Effects
7604:
7576:
7569:
7562:
7555:
7548:
7524:Andrew Witty
7509:Mahlon Kline
7460:Vivienne Cox
7273:
7229:H5N1 vaccine
7156:
6990:acquisitions
6928:Subsidiaries
6823:tetracycline
6813:oxyquinoline
6733:Furazolidone
6723:Nitazoxanide
6710:
6597:
6555:Benznidazole
6532:Fexinidazole
6501:Tryparsamide
6483:Eflornithine
6435:directed at
6315:
6301:
6287:
6273:
6256:
6199:
6162:
6141:Eprinomectin
6118:
6095:Flubendazole
6085:Fenbendazole
6080:Tiabendazole
6074:
6062:
6018:Dichlorophen
6012:chlorophenol
6010:
5996:
5982:
5968:
5957:Praziquantel
5949:
5931:
5924:
5871:
5854:thioxanthone
5852:
5838:
5824:
5808:Praziquantel
5795:
5770:
5743:
5698:endectocides
5629:
5622:
5598:
5591:
5579:. Retrieved
5570:
5564:
5527:
5520:
5508:. Retrieved
5499:
5450:
5428:. Retrieved
5419:
5410:
5398:. Retrieved
5389:
5356:
5309:
5305:
5295:
5262:
5258:
5252:
5239:
5229:
5194:
5166:
5155:. Retrieved
5151:the original
5122:
5118:
5108:
5073:
5069:
5036:
5029:
4996:
4992:
4986:
4951:
4947:
4922:. Retrieved
4913:
4904:
4884:
4877:
4852:
4849:Acta Tropica
4848:
4800:
4796:
4789:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4738:
4718:
4711:
4687:
4653:
4646:
4624:(1): 49β52.
4621:
4617:
4611:
4587:
4530:
4526:
4516:
4476:
4472:
4462:
4450:. Retrieved
4436:
4425:. Retrieved
4406:
4367:
4360:
4350:September 7,
4348:. Retrieved
4339:
4291:
4267:. Retrieved
4257:Junquera P.
4202:
4198:
4165:
4158:
4139:
4110:. Retrieved
4101:
4070:. Retrieved
4061:
4037:. Retrieved
4028:
4019:
3984:
3980:
3970:
3958:. Retrieved
3954:the original
3945:
3913:
3875:
3828:
3824:
3814:
3802:. Retrieved
3793:
3784:
3760:
3732:. Retrieved
3728:the original
3719:
3684:. Retrieved
3680:the original
3673:
3664:
3653:. Retrieved
3649:the original
3642:
3633:
3621:. Retrieved
3610:
3601:
3582:
3516:
3512:
3506:
3494:. Retrieved
3490:the original
3481:
3445:
3397:
3357:
3330:. Retrieved
3326:the original
3318:
3309:
3298:. Retrieved
3294:the original
3287:
3278:
3269:10665/345533
3259:
3250:
3226:
3220:
3208:. Retrieved
3193:
3181:. Retrieved
3172:
3100:February 25,
3098:. Retrieved
3089:
3046:
3010:
3005:
2998:
2994:
2979:
2970:
2960:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2927:
2915:Please help
2910:verification
2907:
2883:
2876:
2872:fenbendazole
2864:
2856:
2838:
2818:
2811:
2801:
2789:
2782:
2772:
2769:T. campanula
2768:
2762:
2759:T. campanula
2758:
2752:
2748:T. trichiura
2746:
2742:
2736:
2733:T. globulosa
2732:
2728:
2719:
2716:T. globulosa
2715:
2709:
2699:
2691:
2685:
2681:
2676:
2672:
2667:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2633:
2625:
2613:
2603:
2589:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2562:
2554:
2547:
2542:
2532:
2520:
2511:
2508:N. spathiger
2507:
2502:
2499:N. spathiger
2498:
2493:
2485:
2473:
2465:M. marshalli
2464:
2457:Marshallagia
2456:
2446:H. contortus
2445:
2440:
2436:H. contortus
2434:
2429:
2421:
2417:
2404:
2396:
2390:
2385:D. viviparus
2383:
2377:Dictyocaulus
2375:
2367:C. oncophora
2366:
2361:
2358:C. oncophora
2357:
2352:
2341:
2333:
2325:
2319:
2315:C. aerophila
2313:
2307:
2301:
2287:
2275:
2268:
2260:
2246:
2237:
2228:
2220:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2196:
2184:
2177:
2166:
2161:
2155:
2148:
2141:Echinococcus
2140:
2128:Echinococcus
2126:
2111:
2099:
2092:Platynosomum
2091:
2080:Platynosomum
2079:
2069:
2054:
2042:
2036:
2031:
2025:Fascioloides
2023:
2016:F. gigantica
2015:
2011:
2005:
1998:
1990:
1981:
1973:
1967:Dicrocoelium
1965:
1949:
1922:
1912:
1908:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1874:
1867:
1859:
1837:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1799:
1784:
1773:
1752:
1748:
1742:
1731:
1720:
1712:
1709:
1699:
1695:
1687:, a type of
1682:
1672:
1647:microtubules
1632:
1617:
1611:January 2021
1608:
1601:Please help
1597:
1586:
1555:Pharmacology
1526:praziquantel
1518:steady-state
1511:
1489:The antacid
1488:
1480:66% decrease
1469:61% decrease
1458:49% decrease
1407:
1404:Interactions
1391:
1369:
1345:pancytopenia
1307:, increased
1277:
1266:Side effects
1258:
1250:
1243:
1227:
1219:
1173:
1160:
1156:
1135:Trichuriasis
1118:
1112:
1100:
1094:
1091:Toxocariasis
1075:
1063:
1042:
1037:
1030:
1025:, including
1015:
1000:
988:
982:
967:
961:
891:
888:dog tapeworm
876:(especially
865:
850:praziquantel
820:
817:Medical uses
808:
785:
753:trichuriasis
739:, including
720:
719:
708:
506:NIAID ChemDB
308:Elimination
205:Legal status
199:Legal status
95:License data
18:
7473:Judy Lewent
6863:from market
6837:Paromomycin
6827:Doxycycline
6804:Secnidazole
6768:Carnidazole
6711:Albendazole
6638:Paromomycin
6628:Miltefosine
6618:Pentamidine
6614:benzamidine
6511:Pentamidine
6507:benzamidine
6497:Melarsoprol
6375:from market
6289:quinolinium
6174:+fluralaner
6164:milbemycins
6120:avermectins
6075:Albendazole
6070:Mebendazole
5976:Niclosamide
5932:Albendazole
5906:taeniacides
5818:Oxamniquine
5778:Metrifonate
5091:11336/95707
4924:October 21,
4112:October 21,
4029:CenterWatch
2973:August 2017
2803:E. cuniculi
2729:T. discolor
2711:T. discolor
2704:(whipworm)
2576:O. radiatum
2563:O. bifurcum
2494:Nematodirus
2407:(lungworm)
2397:D. amfieldi
2380:(lungworm)
2362:C. punctata
2309:C. hepatica
2261:Ancylostoma
2248:Ancylostoma
2221:Thysanosoma
2197:T. saginata
2186:T. saginata
2162:M. benedini
2056:Paragonimus
2012:F. hepatica
2006:F. hepatica
2000:F. hepatica
1856:Brand names
1776:enantiomers
1668:Krebs cycle
1605:if you can.
1377:focal signs
1329:leukopenias
1235:teratogenic
1184:fluconazole
1180:miltefosine
1109:Trichinosis
1055:mebendazole
1032:Ancylostoma
919:Anisakiasis
854:niclosamide
836:Fasciolosis
721:Albendazole
625: gΒ·mol
565:100.053.995
475:CHEBI:16664
335:Identifiers
114:Albendazole
81:MedlinePlus
53:Trade names
23:Albendazole
7695:Thioethers
7685:Carbamates
7669:Categories
7542:Litigation
7529:Chris Gent
7478:Urs Rohner
7386:Parodontax
7194:Engerix-B
7007:Block Drug
6817:Iodoquinol
6776:Tinidazole
6745:Quinacrine
6729:nitrofuran
6719:thiazolide
6701:Tinidazole
6685:Giardiasis
6565:Nifurtimox
6561:nitrofuran
6330:Ascaridole
6281:Levamisole
6262:Piperazine
6257:piperazine
6170:Moxidectin
6156:Selamectin
6151:Ivermectin
6131:Doramectin
6041:(including
6004:Desaspidin
5990:Quinacrine
5865:Lucanthone
5860:Hycanthone
5846:Niridazole
5157:2019-09-07
4427:2017-08-08
3960:August 29,
3734:August 29,
3686:2024-03-06
3655:2024-05-02
3496:August 29,
3332:2015-09-07
3300:2024-03-06
3183:August 18,
3019:References
3015:for meat.
2943:newspapers
2859:, in dogs
2857:Leishmania
2840:Leishmania
2825:giardiasis
2820:G. lamblia
2764:T. serrata
2628:in horses
2626:S. equinus
2614:Strongylus
2565:in humans
2543:Ostertagia
2537:in horses
2534:P. equorum
2521:Parascaris
2430:Haemonchus
2405:Filaroides
2391:D. filaria
2289:Capillaria
2270:Bunostomum
2167:M. expansa
2157:M. expansa
2018:in people
1959:Trematodes
1639:colchicine
1538:Grapefruit
1530:levamisole
1493:heightens
1491:cimetidine
1444:Change in
1438:Change in
1321:cysticerci
1198:crotamiton
1189:Arthropods
1165:fumagillin
1143:Giardiasis
985:filariasis
974:ivermectin
946:Filariasis
924:Ascariasis
856:for adult
777:giardiasis
741:ascariasis
630:3D model (
618:Molar mass
495:ChEMBL1483
435:F4216019LN
406:ChemSpider
350:54965-21-8
341:CAS Number
315:8β12 hours
296:Metabolism
7612:Study 329
7423:Directors
7421:Board of
7396:Sensodyne
7376:Nicorette
7333:Emergen-C
7328:ChapStick
7308:BC Powder
7303:Aquafresh
7244:Pandemrix
7214:Hepatyrix
7112:Flixonase
7092:Augmentin
6873:Phase III
6861:Withdrawn
6833:neomycin
6676:Trichozoa
6489:arsenical
6479:ornithine
6440:parasites
6385:Phase III
6373:Withdrawn
6309:Bephenium
6295:Pyrvinium
6238:felsantel
6229:Carbantel
6136:Emamectin
6126:Abamectin
5951:quinoline
5880:Stibophen
5875:compounds
5832:Bithionol
5797:quinoline
5581:August 3,
5510:August 3,
5430:August 2,
5400:August 3,
5287:206837136
5125:: 12β21.
4745:Wolbachia
4072:August 4,
4062:Drugs.com
4039:August 8,
3977:"Myiasis"
3541:221750495
3210:April 22,
3173:Drugs.com
3092:. WebMD.
2754:T. vulpis
2743:Trichuris
2701:Trichuris
2488:in swine
2441:H. placei
2422:F. osleri
2418:F. hirthi
2334:Chabertia
2202:T. solium
2041:Also for
1913:Wolbachia
1894:Wolbachia
1875:In 2013,
1864:Economics
1734:clearance
1700:Wolbachia
1696:Wolbachia
1684:Wolbachia
1679:symbiosis
1643:Ξ²-tubulin
1635:vermicide
1545:ritonavir
1477:Phenytoin
1422:half-life
1414:phenytoin
1349:hepatitis
1313:hair loss
1301:dizziness
1224:Pregnancy
904:Nematodes
826:Flatworms
761:taeniasis
326:Bile duct
321:Excretion
310:half-life
151:Routes of
125:Pregnancy
73:Monograph
67:Drugs.com
7659:Medicine
7631:Category
7381:NiQuitin
7371:Nicoderm
7366:Lucozade
7361:Horlicks
7343:Excedrin
7318:Caltrate
7264:Shingrix
7254:Rabavert
7249:Pediarix
7224:Infanrix
7204:FluLaval
7189:Cervarix
7184:Boostrix
7167:Vaccines
7142:Ventolin
7132:Serlipet
7122:Lamictal
7117:Hycamtin
7102:Beconase
7061:Products
6634:neomycin
6437:excavata
6340:Santonin
6275:thiazole
6234:Febantel
6224:Morantel
6207:Pyrantel
5873:antimony
5840:thiazole
5688: β
5645:Archived
5614:Archived
5575:Archived
5543:Archived
5504:Archived
5466:Archived
5424:Archived
5420:DailyMed
5394:Archived
5338:23028321
5279:19843393
5244:Archived
5219:Archived
5210:Archived
5182:Archived
5147:43456597
5139:28237650
5100:19124257
5021:24053943
4978:10759686
4918:Archived
4869:12745134
4825:23349595
4817:12684759
4781:96448885
4773:30953430
4759:: 1β15.
4703:Archived
4603:Archived
4557:28550143
4549:11421376
4505:Archived
4501:25194606
4493:12021623
4452:March 9,
4446:Archived
4421:Archived
4344:Archived
4340:DailyMed
4269:July 24,
4263:Archived
4233:Archived
4229:23959307
4106:Archived
4066:Archived
4033:Archived
4011:22232372
3891:Archived
3855:39515343
3847:10548302
3804:June 19,
3798:Archived
3796:. 2021.
3776:Archived
3623:March 6,
3617:Archived
3615:. 2014.
3533:12667231
3461:Archived
3413:Archived
3373:Archived
3258:(2021).
3242:Archived
3204:Archived
3177:Archived
3094:Archived
2690:For any
2654:T. canis
2649:T. canis
2635:Toxocara
2424:in dogs
2353:Cooperia
2343:C. ovina
2321:C. plica
2150:Moniezia
2047:camelids
2043:F. magna
2037:F. magna
2032:F. magna
1992:Fasciola
1907:. Since
1883:Research
1692:bacteria
1651:glycogen
1587:require
1388:Overdose
1373:seizures
1351:, acute
1297:vomiting
1280:headache
846:Cestodes
792:headache
711:(verify)
386:DrugBank
328:(humans)
183:QP52AC11
165:ATC code
158:By mouth
127:category
109:DailyMed
7351:Geritol
7347:Flonase
7323:Centrum
7313:Biotene
7295:Actifed
7269:Twinrix
7259:Rotarix
7219:Hiberix
7199:Fluarix
7179:Bexsero
7137:Tagamet
7097:Avandia
7068:Current
6935:Current
6657:polyene
6588:polyene
6521:Suramin
6323:Suramin
6219:Oxantel
6055:tubulin
5917:tubulin
5736:tubulin
5329:3447747
5013:3739217
4969:2014938
4914:PubChem
4638:8192515
4220:3811268
4002:3255963
3008:ΞΌg/kg.
2957:scholar
2851:Treats
2813:Giardia
2774:T. suis
2737:T. ovis
2721:T. ovis
2682:T. axei
2673:T. axei
2659:T. cati
2486:M. apri
2449:
2370:
2189:larvae
2170:
1944:Others
1938:Cattle
1834:History
1787:prodrug
1589:cleanup
1507:potency
1382:retinal
1305:vertigo
990:Loa loa
983:Loa loa
582:Formula
395:DB00518
361:PubChem
230::
185: (
181:)
175: (
173:P02CA03
140: D
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87:a610019
7645:Portal
7414:People
7391:Ribena
7288:Former
7239:Menveo
7234:Kinrix
7209:Havrix
7174:Arexvy
7152:Zantac
7107:Boniva
7082:Advair
7075:Pharma
6977:Haleon
6972:Former
6957:Tesaro
6856:WHO-EM
6493:Atoxyl
6368:WHO-EM
6053:Binds
5915:Binds
5826:phenol
5734:Binds
5696:) and
5637:
5606:
5535:
5458:
5364:
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5326:
5285:
5277:
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2930:
2318:, and
2213:Taenia
2205:, and
2179:Taenia
1941:Sheep
1925:ratite
1905:divide
1870:Amedra
1780:CYP2J2
1769:CYP1A1
1765:CYP3A4
1503:CYP3A4
1416:, and
1363:, and
1315:, and
1293:nausea
1239:eczema
788:nausea
779:, and
666:SMILES
623:265.33
515:007895
486:ChEMBL
455:D00134
280:<5%
257:β-only
255:
242:
232:β-only
218:
107:
7588:Other
7492:Other
7299:Advil
7017:Glaxo
6964:(85%)
6236:(aka
5283:S2CID
5240:Slate
5143:S2CID
5017:S2CID
4821:S2CID
4777:S2CID
4755:(2).
4553:S2CID
4508:(PDF)
4497:S2CID
3851:S2CID
3537:S2CID
2964:JSTOR
2950:books
2783:Other
1802:CYP2C
1681:with
1633:As a
1495:serum
1317:fever
686:InChI
632:JSmol
466:ChEBI
301:Liver
7401:Tums
7274:more
7157:more
7087:Alli
6192:NMDA
5702:QP54
5635:ISBN
5604:ISBN
5583:2017
5533:ISBN
5512:2017
5456:ISBN
5432:2017
5402:2017
5362:ISBN
5334:PMID
5275:PMID
5135:PMID
5096:PMID
5042:ISBN
5009:PMID
4974:PMID
4926:2015
4890:ISBN
4865:PMID
4813:PMID
4769:PMID
4724:ISBN
4693:ISBN
4659:ISBN
4634:PMID
4593:ISBN
4545:PMID
4489:PMID
4454:2011
4411:ISBN
4373:ISBN
4352:2015
4297:ISBN
4271:2017
4225:PMID
4171:ISBN
4144:ISBN
4114:2015
4074:2017
4041:2017
4007:PMID
3962:2015
3919:ISBN
3881:ISBN
3843:PMID
3806:2021
3766:ISBN
3736:2015
3625:2024
3587:ISBN
3529:PMID
3498:2015
3451:ISBN
3403:ISBN
3363:ISBN
3232:ISBN
3212:2014
3185:2015
3102:2014
3051:ISBN
2936:news
2889:Meat
2870:and
2800:For
2767:and
2757:and
2656:and
2646:For
2624:For
2602:For
2561:For
2531:For
2484:For
2420:and
2416:For
2395:For
2259:For
2195:For
2139:For
2110:For
2090:For
2068:For
2014:and
2010:For
1897:and
1889:FtsZ
1767:and
1751:and
1736:and
1662:and
1435:Drug
1335:and
1200:and
1182:and
727:and
446:KEGG
426:UNII
415:1998
375:2082
270:data
63:AHFS
7338:Eno
6921:GSK
6649:PAM
6444:P01
5694:P02
5324:PMC
5314:doi
5267:doi
5263:103
5127:doi
5123:135
5086:hdl
5078:doi
5074:181
5001:doi
4964:PMC
4956:doi
4857:doi
4805:doi
4801:192
4761:doi
4626:doi
4535:doi
4481:doi
4215:PMC
4207:doi
3997:PMC
3989:doi
3950:WHO
3833:doi
3724:WHO
3675:CDC
3644:CDC
3521:doi
3486:WHO
3320:CDC
3289:CDC
3264:hdl
2919:by
1534:AUC
1448:max
1440:AUC
1303:or
1295:or
1159:or
1117:or
1041:or
976:or
966:or
852:or
531:EPA
365:CID
290:70%
244:POM
188:WHO
178:WHO
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