52:
731:
810:
120:
2852:
932:. Dukagjini then tried to ally himself with Venice by offering to accept Venetian suzerainty and granting them control of Dagnum. However, Venice refused any kind of involvement in his plan and the revolt in general. Dukagjini was not aware that Hasan Bey, the Ottoman governor of Dagnum, had requested Venetian assistance after his defeat. As Venice did not want to provoke Ottoman hostility, the captain of
1017:
781:(two-ninths of a ducat) to their lords. The Ottoman system aimed towards revenue increase to support military expenses, thus new taxes were imposed and existing ones were altered. In addition to 1/10 of agrarian production Muslim convert families were required to pay 22 akçe (~0.6 ducats) to the timar holders, while non-Muslim families had to pay 25
1007:
had been assembled. Despite the military victories the rebel leaders acted autonomously without a central leadership, the lack of which contributed greatly to their final defeat. Turahan's forces eventually subdued the revolt and marched through
Albania, committing widespread massacres of civilians.
1028:
In order to stabilize
Ottoman authority, Murat II appointed native Albanians like Yakup Bey Muzaka and Skanderbeg to high positions within the sanjak of Albania. The nobles who accepted Ottoman overlordship were granted their pre-Ottoman holdings and border estates as well as a degree of autonomy,
800:
Consequently, the changes in property rights, relations between feudal lords and peasants, the taxation system and the enactment of devşirme resulted in further resistance. As changes affecting both nobles and peasants were principally implemented through registration in the cadastral survey, many
700:
After the revolt had largely been suppressed, those who accepted
Ottoman suzerainty were initially allowed to retain their holdings and partial autonomy. Many timars were also granted to local Albanians holding high posts of the administration, especially during the rule of
979:
mention that many
Ottoman soldiers were captured, while Ishak Bey escaped with a small group. In April 1435, Arianiti defeated another Ottoman campaign and hostilities virtually ceased until the beginning of 1436, as Murat II's military efforts were focused against
697:, capital of the sanjak, gave the Ottoman army time to assemble large forces from other parts of the empire and to subdue the main revolt by the end of 1436. Ottoman forces conducted a number of massacres in the aftermath of the revolt.
713:
in 1437. As the empire further extended its area of rule in the
Balkans, centralization attempts and the replacement of local timar holders with Ottoman landowners resumed. These policies would lead in part to the formation of the
828:
defeated a small
Ottoman force in central Albania. His victory encouraged the other leaders and the revolt spread throughout Albania. Later that year the Ottomans lost control of the central seaport of
674:. Prompted by the replacement of large parts of the local nobility with Ottoman landowners, centralized governance, and the Ottoman taxation system, the population and the nobles, led principally by
212:
766:(feudal cavalry), while the remainder and especially remote areas, which were not under full Ottoman control, were granted to Albanian spahis, both Christian and Muslim. The replacement of the
1003:, a Bulgarian nobleman, and in early 1436 Daud, a pretender to the Ottoman throne, to negotiate the possibility of a coalition with the rebels. However, by mid-1436 a large force under
967:
in south-central
Albania in August 1434. After his defeat, all beys of the territories bordering Albania were ordered to gather their forces and attack the rebels. In December 1434
685:) holders were killed or expelled. As it spread, the nobles, whose holdings had been annexed by the Ottomans returned to join the revolt and attempts to form alliances with the
1589:
1029:
while others were exiled or continued warring. In 1436–37, rebels were active in the regions of
Gjirokastër and Vlorë and Theodor Corona Musachi led a revolt in the region of
1968:
205:
1915:
2906:
952:
began. Vlorë was lost to the rebels as early as May 1432, but must have been recovered by May 1434 as contemporary
Venetian documents mention an Ottoman official (
2911:
988:. At the end of 1435 reports of the Ragusan senate assessed the situation as calm and noted that the belligerents had retreated to their respective territories.
198:
689:
were initiated. While the leaders of the revolt were successful in defeating successive
Ottoman campaigns, they failed to capture many important towns of the
2726:
801:
families tried to avoid becoming registered in the 1431–2 survey and took refugee in mountainous areas, while the nobility prepared for armed conflict.
1582:
789:, an annual cash tax that affected households registered to the cadasters. Non-Muslims were also required to pay 45 akçe (~1.3 ducats) as part of the
2688:
1961:
857:, where he was ambushed and defeated by forces under Gjergj Arianiti. His victory prompted the Albanians in the area of Gjirokastër to call upon
885:, capital of the sanjak of Albania. At nearby Këlcyrë the rebels captured the castle, but the concurrent siege of Gjirokastër was prolonged and
671:
409:
837:, who was living at the Ottoman court as a hostage, was called by rebels to lead the revolt in his family's domains. In response, he fled from
416:
1575:
17:
1725:
484:
1954:
491:
477:
2385:
2024:
1855:
940:(Alessio) and by 1435 the fort had been returned to Ottoman control. In central Albania, Andrea Thopia unsuccessfully besieged the
709:. Throughout the pacification process, various primarily rural areas were still in revolt and new rebellions erupted, like that of
2434:
535:
1044:
As Ottoman rule in the Balkans expanded, Albanian timar holders and officials were once again replaced with Anatolian ones. The
528:
2086:
405:
1482:
Islami, Selim; Anamali, Skënder; Korkuti, Muzafer; Prendi, Frano; Shukriu, Edi (2002). Kristaq Prifti, Muzafer Korkuti (ed.).
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
1557:
1514:
1456:
1433:
1394:
1373:
2901:
2886:
2392:
1935:
1349:
Biçoku, Kasem (1970). "Mbi disa çështje lidhur me jetën dhe veprimtarinë e Gjergj Kastriotit-Skënderbeut para vitit 1443".
2891:
2752:
2017:
738:
Gradually in the late 14th and early 15th century the Ottoman Empire defeated local Albanian principalities, forming the
473:
51:
2916:
2731:
2012:
1820:
1687:
588:
889:
attacked and defeated the troops that surrounded the city in early 1433. Zenebishi himself was captured and executed.
1493:
2312:
1870:
770:
with the timar system led to conflicts, as a result of which many rural areas were not under complete Ottoman rule.
544:
2896:
2347:
1985:
349:
991:
During the revolt many attempts were made to form an anti-Ottoman coalition including the Holy Roman Empire. Pope
2424:
1900:
908:, who was also called to join the revolt, remained in Ottoman service in Anatolia. In August 1433, the senate of
900:, pillaged the areas of Kanina and Yannina and moved northwards, where they subdued the rebels in the domains of
1895:
1652:
975:
marched into south-central Albania but was defeated by Gjergj Arianiti. Contemporary sources from the senate of
936:(Scutari) was ordered to assist Hasan Bey in recapturing Dagnum. Arms were subsequently sent to the garrison of
916:
in the region too. However, by the end of October they re-evaluated the crisis and rejected the deployment of a
773:
Under the previous taxation code, farmers were required to pay a tenth of their seasonal agricultural output, 1
329:
297:
2429:
2380:
2076:
1775:
1682:
1598:
645:
580:
524:
457:
313:
866:
2091:
2081:
1830:
719:
2142:
1905:
2799:
2370:
2268:
2157:
1910:
1860:
1850:
1840:
1750:
465:
995:
requested troops to be sent to assist the revolt and tried to gather funds. In 1435, Holy Roman Emperor
2673:
2096:
1835:
963:
in the summer of 1434. Again under the command of Sinan Pasha, this Ottoman expedition was defeated by
2248:
2071:
1825:
1745:
1667:
321:
2459:
2454:
2354:
2066:
2007:
1677:
1672:
925:
572:
381:
339:
2147:
516:
2881:
2876:
2855:
2736:
2034:
1865:
1730:
1657:
1632:
305:
265:
2322:
2317:
2307:
1702:
1386:
The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest
981:
797:, which required the enlistment of young males in the Ottoman army and their conversion to Islam.
622:
552:
397:
2656:
2651:
2337:
2207:
2182:
2177:
2059:
2049:
2044:
2039:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1880:
1875:
1697:
1617:
614:
441:
389:
1642:
281:
2464:
2238:
2167:
2152:
1780:
1046:
996:
710:
365:
43:
2811:
2757:
2329:
1890:
1885:
433:
273:
2253:
1795:
2833:
2818:
2762:
2441:
2419:
2263:
1790:
1785:
1760:
1755:
972:
2228:
2187:
373:
8:
2828:
2779:
2536:
2283:
2243:
2233:
1845:
1815:
846:
793:
and had to supply regularly the Ottoman state with young recruits in accordance with the
166:
2576:
1805:
1800:
869:, to lead the rebels in the south. After spreading the revolt in nearby areas including
2823:
2806:
2774:
2586:
2581:
2541:
2526:
2476:
2202:
2112:
2054:
1567:
1445:
976:
921:
909:
449:
357:
155:
2258:
2122:
1054:
under Skanderbeg in 1444 and the beginning of a new era in the Ottoman-Albanian wars.
1051:
715:
2596:
2571:
2561:
2551:
2531:
2414:
2288:
2273:
1946:
1770:
1553:
1510:
1489:
1452:
1429:
1390:
1369:
767:
739:
690:
686:
232:
2137:
945:
912:
convened to evaluate the situation and deemed that the revolt posed a threat to the
858:
814:
143:
2621:
2606:
2556:
2342:
2212:
2162:
2132:
2127:
2117:
1707:
1627:
913:
751:
702:
630:
508:
257:
147:
1647:
289:
2767:
2678:
2668:
2626:
2591:
2566:
2514:
2491:
2446:
2197:
2192:
2172:
1765:
1717:
1622:
1532:
1504:
1483:
1423:
1412:
1384:
1363:
964:
874:
834:
675:
500:
425:
249:
190:
135:
77:
941:
2789:
2661:
2616:
2611:
2519:
2278:
901:
878:
667:
123:
1740:
1735:
1692:
882:
694:
2870:
825:
730:
139:
606:
119:
2402:
917:
870:
1810:
1533:"Sur les causes des insurrections des annees '30 du XVe siecle en Albanie"
785:(~0.7 ducats). Both groups were subject to additional taxes including the
743:
1637:
1612:
1004:
886:
850:
818:
241:
162:
809:
794:
2471:
1021:
905:
706:
933:
2794:
2784:
2486:
2407:
2397:
2375:
1038:
992:
968:
893:
663:
170:
112:
56:
A map of the military activities during the Albanian Revolt of 1432–6
1037:
as bases to launch raids into Ottoman territory, representatives of
953:
949:
786:
1016:
985:
854:
842:
778:
747:
937:
830:
1024:
became the leader of the prime phase of the Ottoman-Albanian wars
1000:
897:
782:
746:
the local feudal lords were largely replaced with Ottomans from
2481:
1050:
policies of the Ottomans gradually led to the formation of the
960:
929:
838:
763:
759:
755:
1041:
asked the Venetians to outlaw their activity in October 1436.
1034:
1030:
862:
790:
774:
682:
1033:. As many rebels used Venetian territories like Shkodër and
742:
as an administrative division of the empire. As part of the
1481:
1331:
1319:
1295:
1222:
1167:
1125:
1098:
1597:
904:, who was reduced again to vassal status, while his son
27:
Conflicts between Albanian rebels and the Ottoman Empire
841:
and returned to Albania. In the winter of 1432, Sultan
1976:
758:) of 1431–1432 indicates that about 75% to 80% of the
1475:
Hicr ̂ı835 tarihli sûret-i defter-i sancak-i Arvanid
1444:
892:In the summer of 1433 an army led by Sinan Pasha,
681:During the early phases of the revolt, many land (
220:
2868:
2907:Military campaigns involving the Ottoman Empire
718:under Skanderbeg in 1444, and a new era in the
2912:Albanian rebellions against the Ottoman Empire
1548:Shuteriqi, Dhimitër (2012). Zana Prela (ed.).
1477:(in Turkish). Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınlarından.
920:to the Venetian colonies. In northern Albania
1962:
1583:
206:
2732:Ottoman – Albanian nobility
1969:
1955:
1590:
1576:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
813:The castle of Gjirokastër was besieged by
213:
199:
2386:Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars
1550:Aranitët: Historia-Gjenealogjia-Zotërimet
1547:
1260:
1258:
1249:
1243:
1233:
1231:
1163:
1161:
881:his forces besieged the southern city of
1506:A Monetary History of the Ottoman Empire
1410:
1307:
1301:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1015:
924:captured territories of the pre-Ottoman
808:
729:
1786:Kelmendi & Dukagjin Uprising (1609)
1472:
1383:Fine, John Van Antwerp (15 June 1994).
1325:
1313:
1282:
1209:
1137:
1109:
1107:
14:
2869:
1530:
1414:The history of Albania: a brief survey
1348:
1264:
1255:
1228:
1197:
1191:
1158:
1148:
1146:
1131:
1119:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
959:Another Ottoman army was assembled in
98:Restoration of Ottoman rule of Albania
1950:
1911:League of Prizren's Seccessionist War
1571:
1502:
1442:
1421:
1270:
1237:
1203:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1113:
1087:
194:
1766:Epirus & Acarnania Revolt (1585)
1599:Wars and battles involving Albanians
1382:
1361:
1276:
1152:
1104:
1081:
861:, who had settled in his estates in
845:gathered around 10,000 troops under
598:Resistance until the Fall of Shkodra
1143:
1064:
24:
1977:Albanians under the Ottoman Empire
1816:Malësia & Brda Uprising (1689)
865:after the Ottoman conquest of the
853:and reached the central valley of
662:was a series of conflicts between
25:
2928:
693:. Protracted sieges like that of
678:, revolted against the Ottomans.
2851:
2850:
1618:Epirote-Albanian War (1381-1384)
1389:. University of Michigan Press.
956:) stationed there at that time.
118:
50:
1821:Muhammad Ali's seizure of Egypt
1688:Skanderbeg's Italian expedition
762:were granted to Ottoman Muslim
1509:. Cambridge University Press.
1503:Pamuk, Şevket (9 March 2000).
1488:(in Albanian). Botimet Toena.
824:The revolt began in 1432 when
222:Medieval Albanian–Ottoman Wars
13:
1:
2082:Massacre of the Albanian Beys
1886:Montenegrin Civil War of 1847
1726:Albanian Landings (1481-1484)
1447:The Crusade of Varna, 1443–45
1425:The Ottoman Empire, 1300–1481
1341:
734:The Sanjak of Albania in 1431
725:
1906:Battles for Plav and Gusinje
1708:Siege of Shkodra (1478-1479)
1663:Albanian revolt of 1432–1436
1485:Historia e popullit shqiptar
1011:
660:Albanian revolt of 1432–1436
231:Early Ottoman invasions and
37:Albanian revolt of 1432–1436
18:Albanian revolt of 1432-1436
7:
2902:Medieval history of Albania
2887:1430s in the Ottoman Empire
2393:Declaration of Independence
1936:Declaration of Independence
1851:Second siege of Missolonghi
1841:Wallachian uprising of 1821
1741:Himara Uprising (1494-1509)
1693:Himara Uprising (1473-1479)
1451:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
867:Principality of Gjirokastër
670:during the early period of
10:
2933:
2892:1432 in the Ottoman Empire
1856:First Egyptian–Ottoman War
1806:Seven-fold barjak Uprising
928:and besieged and captured
672:Ottoman rule in the region
525:Ballaban's fourth Campaign
406:Mehmed II's first Campaign
2917:Battles involving Albania
2846:
2745:
2687:
2644:
2637:
2504:
2363:
2297:
2221:
2105:
2097:Mustafa Pasha's Rebellion
2000:
1993:
1982:
1716:
1605:
1411:Frashëri, Kristo (1964).
948:the siege of the fort of
944:, while in the region of
926:Principality of Dukagjini
804:
642:
563:Contemporaneous Campaigns
228:
176:
129:
106:
60:
49:
41:
36:
2348:1912 – 13
2343:1478 – 79
2323:1477 – 78
2313:1466 – 67
2035:1843 – 44
2030:1432 – 36
1866:Uprising of Dervish Cara
1791:Kelmendi Uprising (1613)
1756:Kelmendi Uprising (1538)
1057:
849:, who marched along the
2897:15th-century rebellions
1761:Malësia Uprising (1565)
1698:Siege of Shkodra (1474)
1473:İnalcık, Halil (1954).
1357:. University of Tirana.
2753:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2008:Skanderbeg's rebellion
1781:Convention of Dukagjin
1736:Himara Uprising (1488)
1673:Skanderbeg's rebellion
1552:(in Albanian). Toena.
1368:(in Albanian). Toena.
1047:status quo ante bellum
1025:
997:Sigismund of Luxemburg
821:
817:, who was defeated by
735:
711:Theodor Corona Musachi
646:Wars involving Albania
340:Skanderbeg's Rebellion
130:Commanders and leaders
44:Ottoman Wars in Europe
2072:Ali Pasha's Rebellion
2067:Albanian–Venetian War
1891:Epirus Revolt of 1854
1801:Siege of Kotor (1657)
1703:Siege of Krujë (1478)
1678:Albanian–Venetian War
1658:Kastrioti-Ottoman War
1638:Siege of Ohrid (1395)
1613:Siege of Ohrid (1375)
1531:Pulaha, Sami (1967).
1443:Imber, Colin (2006).
1422:Imber, Colin (1990).
1019:
812:
733:
720:Ottoman–Albanian wars
177:Casualties and losses
2442:Partition of Albania
2371:Albanian Renaissance
2087:Mehmed II's campaign
1861:Uprisings of 1833-39
1643:Zenevisi-Ottoman War
1633:Bayezid I's Campaign
1362:Buda, Aleks (2002).
914:Venetian territories
266:Bayezid I's Campaign
2077:Ballaban's campaign
2018:Macedonian campaign
1846:Battle of Karpenisi
1836:Bushati-Ottoman War
1776:Palabardhi Uprising
1683:Dukagjini Civil War
581:Dukagjini Civil War
474:Macedonian Campaign
2013:Italian expedition
1826:Yanina-Ottoman War
1796:Convention of Kuçi
1731:Liberation of Zeta
1653:Muzaka-Ottoman War
1332:Islami et al. 2002
1320:Islami et al. 2002
1296:Islami et al. 2002
1252:, pp. 129–130
1223:Islami et al. 2002
1168:Islami et al. 2002
1126:Islami et al. 2002
1099:Islami et al. 2002
1026:
982:Ibrahim of Karaman
973:sanjakbey of Üsküb
922:Nicholas Dukagjini
822:
736:
589:Italian Expedition
156:Nicholas Dukagjini
2864:
2863:
2842:
2841:
2500:
2499:
1944:
1943:
1901:Battle of Gjakova
1871:Uprising in Dibër
1771:Convention of Mat
1746:Dukagjini Landing
1559:978-99943-1-729-5
1516:978-0-521-44197-1
1458:978-0-7546-0144-9
1435:978-975-428-015-9
1396:978-0-472-08260-5
1375:978-99927-1-651-9
1365:Shkrime historike
1351:Studime Historike
768:existing nobility
740:sanjak of Albania
691:sanjak of Albania
687:Holy Roman Empire
653:
652:
635:
627:
619:
611:
602:
593:
585:
577:
568:
557:
549:
540:
533:
521:
513:
505:
496:
489:
482:
470:
462:
454:
446:
438:
430:
421:
414:
402:
394:
386:
378:
370:
362:
354:
345:
334:
326:
318:
310:
302:
294:
286:
278:
270:
262:
254:
246:
238:
189:
188:
102:
101:
16:(Redirected from
2924:
2854:
2853:
2642:
2641:
2025:Albanian revolts
1998:
1997:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1948:
1947:
1931:Uprising of 1912
1926:Uprising of 1911
1921:Uprising of 1910
1916:Uprising of 1909
1896:Uprising of 1862
1881:Uprising of 1847
1876:Uprising of 1845
1751:Mirdita Uprising
1648:Capture of Krujë
1628:Battle of Kosovo
1606:Medieval Albania
1592:
1585:
1578:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1544:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1499:
1478:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1450:
1439:
1418:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1379:
1358:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1293:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1226:
1220:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1156:
1150:
1141:
1135:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1102:
1096:
1085:
1079:
752:cadastral survey
703:Yakup Bey Muzaka
633:
625:
617:
609:
600:
591:
583:
575:
566:
555:
547:
538:
531:
519:
511:
503:
494:
487:
480:
468:
460:
452:
444:
436:
428:
419:
412:
400:
392:
384:
376:
368:
360:
352:
343:
332:
324:
316:
308:
300:
292:
284:
276:
268:
260:
252:
244:
236:
223:
215:
208:
201:
192:
191:
152:
122:
62:
61:
54:
34:
33:
21:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2882:1430s in Europe
2877:1430s conflicts
2867:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2838:
2741:
2683:
2633:
2496:
2492:Vithkuqi script
2477:Skanderbeg myth
2451:Principalities
2435:North Macedonia
2359:
2293:
2217:
2101:
1989:
1978:
1975:
1945:
1940:
1712:
1623:Battle of Savra
1601:
1596:
1566:
1560:
1537:Studia Albanica
1521:
1519:
1517:
1496:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1436:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1376:
1353:(in Albanian).
1344:
1339:
1338:
1330:
1326:
1318:
1314:
1306:
1302:
1294:
1283:
1275:
1271:
1263:
1256:
1248:
1244:
1236:
1229:
1221:
1210:
1202:
1198:
1190:
1186:
1178:
1174:
1166:
1159:
1151:
1144:
1136:
1132:
1124:
1120:
1112:
1105:
1097:
1088:
1080:
1065:
1060:
1052:League of Lezhë
1014:
965:Gjergj Arianiti
942:castle of Krujë
835:Gjergj Arianiti
807:
728:
716:League of Lezhë
676:Gjergj Arianiti
666:rebels and the
656:
655:
654:
649:
638:
330:Arianiti Revolt
314:Albanian Revolt
224:
221:
219:
169:
165:
161:
154:
148:
142:
138:
136:Gjergj Arianiti
94:
88:Ottoman victory
80:
78:Ottoman Albania
55:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2930:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2800:Western Thrace
2797:
2792:
2787:
2777:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2760:
2755:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2693:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2654:
2648:
2646:
2639:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2417:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2395:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2378:
2373:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2332:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2004:
2002:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1951:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1811:Siege of Medun
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1722:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1595:
1594:
1587:
1580:
1572:
1565:
1564:
1558:
1545:
1528:
1515:
1500:
1494:
1479:
1470:
1457:
1440:
1434:
1428:. Isis Press.
1419:
1408:
1395:
1380:
1374:
1359:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1324:
1312:
1300:
1281:
1269:
1267:, pp. 142
1254:
1250:Shuteriqi 2012
1242:
1227:
1208:
1196:
1184:
1172:
1157:
1142:
1130:
1118:
1103:
1086:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1020:In the 1440s,
1013:
1010:
902:Gjon Kastrioti
859:Depë Zenebishi
815:Depë Zenebishi
806:
803:
727:
724:
668:Ottoman Empire
651:
650:
643:
640:
639:
637:
636:
628:
620:
612:
595:
594:
586:
578:
559:
558:
550:
542:
522:
514:
506:
498:
471:
463:
455:
447:
439:
431:
423:
403:
395:
387:
379:
371:
363:
355:
336:
335:
327:
319:
311:
303:
295:
287:
279:
271:
263:
255:
247:
229:
226:
225:
218:
217:
210:
203:
195:
187:
186:
183:
179:
178:
174:
173:
158:
144:Depë Zenebishi
132:
131:
127:
126:
124:Ottoman Empire
116:
109:
108:
104:
103:
100:
99:
96:
90:
89:
86:
82:
81:
76:
74:
70:
69:
66:
58:
57:
47:
46:
39:
38:
32:
31:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2929:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2857:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2727:Grand Viziers
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2636:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:Congregations
2220:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1981:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1960:
1958:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1831:Albanian Beys
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1668:Muzaka Revolt
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1581:
1579:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1561:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1539:(in French).
1538:
1534:
1529:
1518:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1501:
1497:
1495:9789992716229
1491:
1487:
1486:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1460:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1441:
1437:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1409:
1398:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1334:, p. 340
1333:
1328:
1322:, p. 339
1321:
1316:
1309:
1308:Frashëri 1964
1304:
1298:, p. 338
1297:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1279:, p. 247
1278:
1273:
1266:
1261:
1259:
1251:
1246:
1240:, p. 115
1239:
1234:
1232:
1225:, p. 337
1224:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1205:
1200:
1193:
1188:
1182:, p. 114
1181:
1176:
1170:, p. 336
1169:
1164:
1162:
1155:, p. 246
1154:
1149:
1147:
1139:
1134:
1128:, p. 333
1127:
1122:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1101:, p. 331
1100:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1084:, p. 535
1083:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1063:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1023:
1018:
1009:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
989:
987:
983:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
957:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
827:
826:Andrea Thopia
820:
816:
811:
802:
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
771:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
732:
723:
721:
717:
712:
708:
704:
698:
696:
692:
688:
684:
679:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
648:
647:
641:
632:
629:
624:
621:
616:
613:
608:
605:
604:
603:
599:
590:
587:
582:
579:
574:
571:
570:
569:
565:
564:
554:
551:
546:
543:
537:
530:
526:
523:
518:
515:
510:
507:
502:
499:
493:
486:
479:
475:
472:
467:
464:
459:
456:
451:
448:
443:
440:
435:
432:
427:
424:
418:
411:
407:
404:
399:
396:
391:
388:
383:
380:
375:
372:
367:
364:
359:
356:
351:
348:
347:
346:
342:
341:
331:
328:
323:
322:Muzaka Revolt
320:
315:
312:
307:
306:Kastrioti War
304:
299:
296:
291:
288:
283:
280:
275:
272:
267:
264:
259:
256:
251:
248:
243:
240:
239:
235:
234:
227:
216:
211:
209:
204:
202:
197:
196:
193:
184:
181:
180:
175:
172:
168:
164:
159:
157:
153:
151:
145:
141:
140:Andrea Thopia
137:
134:
133:
128:
125:
121:
117:
114:
111:
110:
105:
97:
92:
91:
87:
84:
83:
79:
75:
72:
71:
67:
64:
63:
59:
53:
48:
45:
40:
35:
30:
19:
2722:20th century
2717:19th century
2712:18th century
2707:17th century
2702:16th century
2697:15th century
2657:Islamization
2415:Mësonjëtorja
2403:Bashi-Bazouk
2364:Other events
2092:Morea revolt
2029:
1984:
1662:
1549:
1540:
1536:
1520:. Retrieved
1505:
1484:
1474:
1462:. Retrieved
1446:
1424:
1413:
1400:. Retrieved
1385:
1364:
1354:
1350:
1327:
1315:
1310:, p. 65
1303:
1272:
1245:
1206:, p. 27
1199:
1194:, p. 39
1187:
1175:
1140:, p. 12
1138:İnalcık 1954
1133:
1121:
1116:, p. 46
1045:
1043:
1027:
990:
958:
891:
823:
799:
772:
744:Timar system
737:
699:
680:
659:
657:
644:
597:
596:
573:Venetian War
562:
561:
560:
338:
337:
282:Zenevisi War
230:
149:
107:Belligerents
42:Part of the
29:
2746:Communities
2420:Nationalism
2381:Balkan Wars
2269:Manastir II
1718:Ottoman era
1265:Biçoku 1970
1192:Pulaha 1967
1005:Turahan Bey
887:Turahan Bey
883:Gjirokastër
851:Via Egnatia
819:Turahan Bey
695:Gjirokastër
601:(1468–1479)
567:(1447–1462)
344:(1443–1468)
237:(1385–1443)
163:Turahan Bey
160:Sinan Pasha
93:Territorial
2871:Categories
2662:Bektashism
2472:Rum Millet
2264:Manastir I
1986:Background
1342:References
1238:Imber 1990
1204:Imber 2006
1180:Imber 1990
1114:Pamuk 2000
1022:Skanderbeg
918:war galley
906:Skanderbeg
726:Background
707:Skanderbeg
298:Muzaka War
2812:Arbëreshë
2795:Souliotes
2785:Arvanites
2603:Vilayets
2527:Pashaliks
2505:Geography
2487:Stratioti
2460:Kastrioti
2455:Dukagjini
2408:Devshirme
2398:Janissary
2376:Armatoles
2355:Svetigrad
2183:Oranik II
2143:Martinići
2001:Rebellion
1277:Buda 2002
1153:Buda 2002
1082:Fine 1994
1039:Mehmed II
1012:Aftermath
993:Eugene IV
969:Ishak Bey
894:beylerbey
634:(1478–79)
626:(1477–78)
610:(1473–79)
592:(1460–62)
584:(1456–57)
576:(1447–48)
548:(1466–67)
382:Svetigrad
350:Svetigrad
325:(1437–38)
317:(1432–36)
309:(1428–30)
301:(1415–17)
285:(1414–18)
171:Ishak Bey
68:1432–1436
2856:Category
2768:Arbanasi
2758:Bulgaria
2674:Nobility
2622:Manastir
2587:Monastir
2582:Ioannina
2548:Sanjaks
2515:Ioannina
2511:Eyalets
2334:Shkodër
2239:Dukagjin
2203:Torvioll
2178:Oranik I
2158:Mokra II
2113:Albulena
986:Anatolia
961:Manastir
855:Shkumbin
843:Murat II
795:devşirme
748:Anatolia
664:Albanian
450:Albulena
358:Torvioll
113:Albanian
73:Location
2834:Ukraine
2819:Romania
2763:Croatia
2645:Culture
2638:Society
2627:Scutari
2607:Albania
2597:Scutari
2572:Elbasan
2562:Delvina
2552:Albania
2537:Scutari
2520:Rumelia
2425:Albania
2289:Prizren
2284:Preveza
2249:Frashër
2244:Elbasan
2188:Otonetë
2168:Novšiće
2153:Mokra I
2106:Battles
1994:History
1522:31 July
1464:31 July
1402:31 July
1001:Fruzhin
934:Shkodër
898:Rumelia
875:Zagorie
871:Këlcyrë
847:Ali Bey
631:Shkodra
615:Shkodra
536:Kashari
410:Modrica
374:Otonetë
185:unknown
182:unknown
167:Ali Bey
150:†
95:changes
2829:Turkey
2780:Greece
2737:Pashas
2689:People
2679:Tribes
2617:Kosovo
2612:Janina
2577:Görice
2557:Avlona
2542:Yanina
2482:Spahiu
2465:Muzaka
2447:Piracy
2430:Kosovo
2304:Krujë
2298:Sieges
2213:Vaikal
2208:Ulcinj
2163:Murino
2133:Lopate
2128:Kosovo
2118:Ankara
1556:
1513:
1492:
1455:
1432:
1393:
1372:
977:Ragusa
954:subaşi
950:Kaninë
930:Dagnum
910:Venice
839:Edirne
805:Revolt
787:avarız
779:groshe
777:and 4
764:spahis
760:timars
756:defter
750:. The
618:(1474)
607:Himarë
556:(1467)
539:(1465)
532:(1465)
529:Vajkal
520:(1465)
512:(1465)
509:Vajkal
504:(1464)
495:(1462)
488:(1462)
485:Pollog
481:(1462)
469:(1462)
461:(1459)
453:(1457)
445:(1456)
442:Oranik
437:(1455)
429:(1453)
426:Pollog
420:(1452)
413:(1452)
401:(1450)
393:(1448)
390:Oranik
385:(1448)
377:(1446)
369:(1445)
361:(1444)
353:(1443)
333:(1443)
293:(1415)
277:(1395)
269:(1394)
261:(1389)
258:Kosovo
253:(1385)
245:(1375)
146:
115:rebels
85:Result
2824:Syria
2807:Italy
2775:Egypt
2669:Kanun
2592:Ohrid
2567:Dibra
2532:Berat
2330:Berat
2259:Lezhë
2234:Dibra
2229:Dibër
2198:Savra
2193:Polog
2173:Ohrid
2148:Meçad
2123:Deçiq
1058:Notes
1035:Parga
1031:Berat
999:sent
946:Vlorë
938:Lezhë
879:Pogon
863:Corfu
831:Vlorë
791:jizya
775:ducat
683:timar
623:Krujë
553:Krujë
545:Krujë
517:Meçad
501:Ohrid
492:Livad
478:Mokra
466:Mokra
434:Berat
417:Meçad
398:Krujë
366:Mokra
290:Krujë
274:Ohrid
250:Savra
242:Ohrid
2790:Cham
2652:Besa
2338:1474
2318:1467
2308:1450
2279:Peja
2254:Kuçi
2138:Lumë
2060:1912
2055:1911
2050:1910
2045:1847
2040:1845
1554:ISBN
1524:2012
1511:ISBN
1490:ISBN
1466:2012
1453:ISBN
1430:ISBN
1404:2012
1391:ISBN
1370:ISBN
877:and
783:akçe
705:and
658:The
458:Sati
233:rule
65:Date
2274:Mat
984:in
896:of
2873::
1535:.
1284:^
1257:^
1230:^
1211:^
1160:^
1145:^
1106:^
1089:^
1066:^
971:,
873:,
833:.
722:.
534:•
490:•
483:•
415:•
1970:e
1963:t
1956:v
1591:e
1584:t
1577:v
1562:.
1543:.
1541:4
1526:.
1498:.
1468:.
1438:.
1417:.
1406:.
1378:.
1355:7
754:(
541:)
527:(
497:)
476:(
422:)
408:(
214:e
207:t
200:v
20:)
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