886:
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33:
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While he was associate chairman, Kotok was a member of the W3C management team, and worked closely with the W3C Advisory Board. He helped to establish a new W3C office in India and worked with an internal task force to reduce membership fees in developing countries. He was a major contributor to the
893:
Kotok joined W3C as associate chairman in May 1997. His role involved managing contractual relations with W3C hosts and member organizations, coordinating the worldwide W3C Systems and Web Team services to millions of pages and resources on the W3C website, and maintaining the W3C host site at the
434:
chess-playing program in 1959. Kotok described their work in the MIT Artificial
Intelligence Project Memo 41. The Kotok-McCarthy chess program at MIT would also become Kotok's S.B. thesis. "The chess group" graduated in 1962 and at that point their program was able to play chess "comparable to an
857:
Kotok was a corporate consulting engineer for
Digital 1962–1997, W3C Advisory Committee representative for Digital 1994–1996, vice president of marketing for GC Tech Inc. 1996–1997, member of the Science Advisory Board for Cylink Corp., a consultant for
1531:
2414:
987:
809:
As technical director of
Digital's Corporate Strategy Group, Kotok was instrumental in creating the Internet Business Group which advocated early adoption and integration of Internet and Web-based technologies. Digital created the
833:
returns. Digital continued its lead in
Internet and Web development through difficult times, but Kotok questioned a corporate strategy that he believed consumed Web and Internet resources to sell Digital products like the
1538:
1503:
1042:
1346:
2421:
994:
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as one of the company's first few dozen employees; in his 34-year career with the company, he held senior engineering positions in storage, telecommunications and software. He retired in 1996.
324:, and toured historic pipe organs in Sweden, Germany, Italy and Mexico. They had a daughter, Leah Kotok, and two stepchildren from Judith's prior marriage, Frederica and Daryl Beck.
910:. He briefly served as Domain Leader of the Technology and Society Domain which at that time included W3C's activity in digital signatures, electronic commerce, public policy,
865:
Digital and GC Tech were early W3C members and were among the sponsors of the Fourth
International World Wide Web Conference (WWW4) in 1995 in Boston. Kotok coordinated a
748:(known as Venus) was introduced in 1984 as the highest-performance computer in Digital's history to date, operating up to 4.2 times faster than the standard at the time.
895:
38:
241:
After leaving MIT, Kotok joined the computer manufacturer
Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), where he worked for over 30 years. He was the chief architect of the
1034:
1350:
1760:
245:
family of computers, and created the company's
Internet Business Group, responsible for several forms of Web-based technology including the first popular
335:, on May 26, 2006, seven months after the death of his wife during her treatment for cancer. He is survived by two daughters, a son, and two grandsons.
301:, his first practical experience of computing came at MIT; there he developed a habit of working late at night when more computer time was available.
751:
Kotok expanded his areas of expertise from engineering into teaching and business: following a suggestion of
Berlekamp, he taught logic design at the
740:. Bell, Thomas Hastings, Richard Hill and Kotok wrote that the DECSystem-10 accelerated the transition from batch-processing to time-sharing and
1331:
2484:
397:
display. Dennis oversaw the PDP-1 lab, located next door to the TX-0. Students from TMRC worked as support staff, programming the new computer.
2574:
2549:
519:
code, but he did travel to
Digital to obtain a sine-cosine routine that Russell needed. Graetz credited Kotok and Saunders with building the
378:, Robert A. Saunders and Robert A. Wagner, all friends from TMRC, reserved time on the TX-0. They were able to use the TX-0 as a personal,
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1306:
257:
through his work at the World Wide Web
Consortium, which he and Digital had helped to found, and where he served as associate chairman.
641:
193:
2256:
1628:
2579:
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to discuss starting a new organization at MIT. In April 1994, Kotok, Steve Fink, Gail Grant and Brian Reid from Digital traveled to
2599:
2559:
2024:
2181:
1935:
1734:
1606:
911:
2467:
2395:
2554:
2529:
706:, designed and delivered in 1963–1964. Aiming at a scientific market, Digital machines had a 36-bit word length to accommodate
451:
2100:
2564:
286:
198:
95:
2447:
2589:
2584:
1977:
393:
to MIT. Although not an expensive machine, and with a tiny (by today's standards) 9K of memory, it had a Type 30 precision
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752:
352:
231:
1971:
1255:
2534:
1678:
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1782:
1396:
2160:
2129:
1499:
718:
455:
1756:
2539:
915:
866:
202:
2050:
1709:
673:
180:
156:
113:
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2320:
717:
computers. In 1965, in what may have been the first around-the-world networking connection, a PDP-6 at the
1998:
1909:
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1653:
442:
They came to learn a great deal about chess, but neither Kotok nor McCarthy were known as chess players.
304:
In 1977, at age 36, Kotok married Judith McCoy, a choir director and piano teacher on the faculty of the
2075:
1847:
212:, and after enrolling in MIT's first freshman programming class, he helped develop some of the earliest
2206:
208:
Kotok was a precocious child who skipped two grades before college. At MIT, he became a member of the
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during the 1975–1976 academic year; he also earned a master's degree in business administration from
633:
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184:
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109:
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met in May 2006 for a panel to celebrate the Computer History Museum's restoration of a PDP-1 (with
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535:
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209:
83:
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and coordinate Web development. Berners-Lee mentions the pivotal meeting with Digital in his book
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led a team, including Kotok as an assistant logic designer, which developed the first commercial
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that the Kotok–McCarthy program's "rule for rejecting moves was so constituted that the machine
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344:
309:
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on tape). Their presentations illustrated the contributions of TX-0 and PDP-1 users to early
332:
305:
873:
on April 7, 1997, at WWW6 in Santa Clara, California. In La Jolla, California, he presented
694:
instruction set. Under Harlan Anderson (vice president of engineering), principal architect
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8:
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285:. He was a precocious child, skipping two grades at high school, and he matriculated at
2028:
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1600:
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1371:
951:
714:
590:
Collaboration on computing waveforms with Dennis on the TX-0 led to Samson writing the
367:
176:
2266:. Department of Information Technology: Government of India. July 2005. Archived from
2185:
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system, thanks to Dennis, faculty advisors and John McKenzie, the operations manager.
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1967:
1325:
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923:
791:
443:
282:
246:
213:
2420:(Interview). Interviewed by Gardner Hendrie. Computer History Museum. Archived from
1537:(Interview). Interviewed by Gardner Hendrie. Computer History Museum. Archived from
1479:
1063:
2104:
1833:
1819:
1467:
1426:
919:
756:
591:
520:
459:
430:, Michael Lieberman, Charles Niessen and Wagner, Kotok began to develop McCarthy's
394:
383:
379:
362:
While a graduate student and member of TMRC, Dennis introduced his students to the
294:
146:
99:
1877:
1425:(Thesis). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Electrical Engineering.
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2372:
851:
787:
771:
584:
539:
427:
1957:
782:
While at Digital, Kotok recognized the Web's potential, and helped to found the
728:
Kotok became the principal architect and designer of several generations of the
1568:(Google Video). Mountain View, CA, USA: Computer History Museum. Archived from
799:
778:(W3F) in 2008. He mentions the 1994 meeting with Digital at CERN in his speech.
538:(Digital's first customer for the PDP-1), McCarthy, Russell, Samson, Kotok and
531:
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406:
278:
254:
235:
121:
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in Geneva to speak with Berners-Lee about the need for a consortium to create
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1963:
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767:
639:
Kotok and his classmates are described as the first true hackers in the book
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463:
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64:
60:
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1803:
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348:
188:
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628:
translated from the TX-0 over one weekend in 1961. Kotok later wrote an
568:
On a second PDP-1 in the physics department, Daniel L. Murphy wrote the
411:
2489:. WGBH Educational Foundation. Event occurs at 0:39:40. Archived from
1400:
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822:
509:
321:
221:
2209:. World Wide Web Consortium via Internet Archive. 2006. Archived from
2154:
2125:
1212:
885:
32:
811:
487:
226:
117:
1509:(Interview). Interviewed by Gardner Hendrie. Computer History Museum
238:
program which took part in the first chess match between computers.
2054:
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830:
745:
683:
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467:
436:
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that MIT offered to freshmen. Outside classes, Kotok, David Gross,
250:
2319:. World Wide Web Consortium. September 23, 2003 – March 22, 2004.
1806:; Kotok, Alan; Hastings, Thomas N.; Hill, Richard (January 1978).
462:, which beat a person in tournament play, and more recently, from
826:
680:
431:
2316:
1903:
1035:"Alan Kotok; he tred vanguard of computers with brilliance, wit"
1286:(Google Video). Mountain View, CA, USA: Computer History Museum
1283:
The Mouse That Roared: PDP-1 Celebration Event Lecture 05.15.06
859:
759:
in 1978, which prepared him for later work at Digital and W3C.
729:
657:
558:
which enabled the group to operate the TX-0 and PDP-1 directly.
242:
1372:"Getting Going | Mastering the Game | Computer History Museum"
320:. The couple shared a love of 16th and 17th-century music and
2264:
Technology Development for Indian Languages (tdil.mit.gov.in)
1651:
721:
in Perth was operated from Boston in the United States via a
703:
691:
687:
665:
573:
508:
computer games, Spacewar!, and is sometimes called the first
390:
370:. In the spring of 1959, McCarthy taught the first course in
359:(TMRC), which he joined soon after starting college in 1958.
331:
in 2004. He died at his home in Cambridge, apparently from a
277:. During his childhood, he played with tools in his father's
234:
and other classmates, he was part of the team that wrote the
2383:
2210:
478:
chess program in the first match between computer programs.
2384:
MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
2053:. Richard Seltzer, B&R Samizdat Express. Archived from
947:"Paul A. Flaherty, a Developer of Web Indexing, Dies at 42"
907:
896:
MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
795:
580:
475:
363:
2184:. Electronic Payments Forum. January 1997. Archived from
2027:. WebMaster Magazine via Internet Archive. Archived from
1959:
Weaving the Web: Origins and Future of the World Wide Web
1780:
1754:
1731:"Twenty Years of 36-bit Computing with Digital 1964-1984"
1240:
Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution by Steven Levy
862:, and a content advisor for the Computer History Museum.
711:
290:
2365:
1733:. Digital Equipment Corporation via ultimate.com. 1984.
1152:
343:
At MIT, Kotok earned bachelor's and master's degrees in
2462:
2438:
1908:. Knight Foundation via Vimeo. Event occurs at 11:15.
1783:"1965: Early Networking, in Digital Computing Timeline"
906:
and chaired Patent Advisory Groups, including one for
446:, three times world chess champion, wrote in his book
2377:
297:
in 1978. Although his interest in computers began at
1955:
583:, an early page layout program, and implemented the
2317:"HTML Patent Advisory Group (PAG) Public Home Page"
2128:. World Wide Web Consortium. December 11–14, 1995.
1872:
1870:
1868:
1309:. Computer Museum via ed-thelen.org. Archived from
1304:
1092:"Alan Kotok, 64, a Pioneer In Computer Video Games"
871:
Selection of Payment Vehicle for Internet Purchases
1652:Digital Equipment Corporation (31 December 1962).
579:Samson wrote the type-justifying program known as
289:(MIT) at the age of 16 in the fall of 1958 and an
175:(November 9, 1941 – May 26, 2006) was an American
2444:"Mastering the Game: A History of Computer Chess"
1423:A Chess Playing Program for the IBM 7090 Computer
1344:
417:A Chess Playing Program for the IBM 7090 Computer
2506:
2126:"Fourth International World Wide Web Conference"
1929:
1865:
1565:The History of Computer Chess: An AI Perspective
1185:MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology
690:, before contributing to the development of the
466:, when he looked back on it in 2005. During the
355:and by his involvement in the student-organized
2294:. World Wide Web Consortium. February 5, 2004.
2284:
1603:and Creative Computing Video & Arcade Games
1443:
435:amateur with about 100 games experience" on an
220:program and what is sometimes called the first
1645:
838:. For example, he saw a missed opportunity in
523:that allowed two people to play side by side.
249:. Kotok is known for his contributions to the
1626:
1118:
1116:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
744:systems. With Kotok as system architect, the
2149:
2068:
1699:
1697:
1695:
898:(CSAIL), where he was a research scientist.
672:After graduating from MIT, Kotok started at
197:, describes Kotok and his classmates at the
2468:"Section 2.4: Opening Moves: Getting Going"
2340:
1895:
1330:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1234:
1232:
2093:
1956:Berners-Lee, Tim; Fischetti, Mark (1999).
1498:
1492:
1248:Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1113:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
966:
877:to the Electronic Payments Forum in 1997.
642:Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution
194:Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution
31:
2103:. Computer History Museum. Archived from
1823:
1692:
1629:"A Long Time Ago, in a Lab Far Away . . "
1589:
1587:
1461:
1446:"Control Strategies for Two-Player Games"
1349:. Computer History Museum. Archived from
993:. Computer History Museum. Archived from
786:. Early in 1994, in Zürich, Switzerland,
504:Kotok contributed to one of the earliest
1923:
1555:
1526:
1520:
1437:
1345:Olsen, Kenneth H. (September 15, 1961).
1264:
1229:
1032:
884:
766:
656:
491:
448:Computers, Chess and Long-Range Planning
410:
347:. He was influenced by teachers such as
2309:
2042:
1949:
1703:
1620:
1198:
1151:. MIT CSAIL (kotok.org). Archived from
1089:
1011:
985:
941:
2507:
2389:
2022:
2016:
1991:
1840:
1759:. Microsoft (research.microsoft.com).
1723:
1593:
1584:
1414:
1307:"The Computer Museum Report, Volume 8"
1143:
1141:
1122:
1102:from the original on November 13, 2012
1064:"Alan Kotok | Computer History Museum"
986:Hendrie, Gardner (November 15, 2004).
452:threw the baby out with the bath water
327:Kotok recorded an oral history at the
2409:
2249:
2132:from the original on 28 December 2008
2048:
1930:Berners-Lee, Tim (December 1, 2004).
1796:
1420:
1397:"MIT Artificial Intelligence Memo 41"
1394:
1388:
1338:
1085:
1083:
572:text editor, later used to implement
389:In September 1961, Digital donated a
287:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
273:, and was raised as an only child in
199:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
96:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2575:People from Cambridge, Massachusetts
2550:Digital Equipment Corporation people
2486:World Wide Web: Ten Year Anniversary
2143:
2082:. Microsoft (research.microsoft.com)
2005:. Microsoft (research.microsoft.com)
1912:from the original on 4 February 2009
1854:. Microsoft (research.microsoft.com)
1785:. Microsoft (research.microsoft.com)
1681:from the original on 22 January 2009
1562:McCarthy, John (September 8, 2005).
1504:"Oral History of Richard Greenblatt"
1245:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
597:Kotok and Samson worked together on
2398:from the original on 8 January 2007
2174:
1808:"The evolution of the DECsystem 10"
1305:TX-0 alumni reunion (Spring 1984).
1298:
1138:
652:
594:with which PDP-1 users coded music.
454:." The program drew criticism from
13:
2450:from the original on 8 August 2006
2392:"Alan Kotok, 64, created joystick"
2334:
2051:"DEC Internet Business Group page"
1757:"Digital Computing Timeline: 1965"
1627:Markoff, John (28 February 2002).
1181:"Alan Kotok, 64, created joystick"
1080:
753:University of California, Berkeley
14:
2611:
2390:Wright, Sarah H. (13 June 2006).
2359:
2323:from the original on 14 June 2006
2298:from the original on 16 July 2006
2163:from the original on 15 June 2006
1980:from the original on 15 June 2006
1763:from the original on 5 April 2009
1712:from the original on 15 June 2006
1609:from the original on 29 June 2006
1594:Graetz, J. Martin (Spring 1983).
1347:"Letter to Professor Peter Elias"
1218:. World Wide Web Consortium. 1999
1166:
1045:from the original on 14 June 2006
880:
710:work in Lisp and to compete with
601:, a drafting program that used a
366:on loan to MIT indefinitely from
2580:People from Cape May, New Jersey
2570:People from Vineland, New Jersey
2525:MIT School of Engineering alumni
1938:from the original on 3 July 2006
1737:from the original on 26 May 2006
1395:Kotok, Alan (December 3, 2004).
1246:Levy, Steven (January 2, 2001).
1033:Marquard, Bryan (June 6, 2006).
889:Kotok speaking in Boston in 2004
570:Text Editor and Corrector (TECO)
260:
2600:20th-century American engineers
2560:American video game programmers
2483:Alan Kotok (December 1, 2004).
2224:
2199:
2118:
2049:Kotok, Alan (August 29, 2000).
1902:Berners-Lee, Tim (2008-09-14).
1781:Digital Equipment Corporation.
1774:
1755:Digital Equipment Corporation.
1748:
1667:
1532:"Oral History of Hans Berliner"
1364:
762:
719:University of Western Australia
515:Kotok did not write any of the
338:
1999:"Internet/Intranet: 1977-1997"
1090:Markoff, John (June 3, 2006).
1056:
1041:. The New York Times Company.
935:
846:system for buying and selling
679:He began in 1962 by writing a
605:controller to move the cursor.
474:played (and lost to) the best
1:
2555:American electrical engineers
2530:American video game designers
1934:. World Wide Web Consortium.
1905:Tim Berners-Lee announces W3F
1708:. World Wide Web Consortium.
1581:. McCarthy begins at 0:43:48.
1444:Abramson, Bruce (June 1989).
674:Digital Equipment Corporation
230:). Together with his teacher
183:(Digital, or DEC) and at the
181:Digital Equipment Corporation
157:Digital Equipment Corporation
114:Digital Equipment Corporation
2565:Scientists from Philadelphia
2415:"Oral History of Alan Kotok"
988:"Oral History of Alan Kotok"
481:
7:
2590:Engineers from Pennsylvania
2585:Vineland High School alumni
2345:. World Wide Web Consortium
1677:. Computer History Museum.
1675:"PDP-1 Restoration Project"
1399:. MIT CSAIL. Archived from
526:
16:American computer scientist
10:
2616:
2341:Kotok, Alan (April 1998).
2023:Stuart, Anne (June 1995).
1250:. Penguin (Non-Classics).
867:birds of a feather meeting
608:Gross and Kotok built the
485:
404:
2595:Engineers from New Jersey
2378:World Wide Web Consortium
2232:"In Memoriam: Alan Kotok"
2159:(Technical report). W3C.
1656:. Computer History Museum
1596:"The origin of Spacewar!"
784:World Wide Web Consortium
776:World Wide Web Foundation
634:Lisp programming language
563:Expensive Desk Calculator
185:World Wide Web Consortium
166:
161:World Wide Web Consortium
152:
142:
135:
127:
110:World Wide Web Consortium
105:
91:
72:
46:
30:
23:
2343:"Technology and Society"
1295:Kotok begins at 0:53:50.
1149:"Kotok Family Home Page"
929:
850:for fractions of a U.S.
620:Early PDP-1 users wrote
400:
357:Tech Model Railroad Club
314:Cambridge, Massachusetts
210:Tech Model Railroad Club
201:(MIT) as the first true
84:Cambridge, Massachusetts
2535:Clark University alumni
2464:Computer History Museum
2440:Computer History Museum
2238:. ERCIM EEIG. July 2006
1882:Computer History Museum
1376:www.computerhistory.org
1127:. MIT CSAIL (kotok.org)
1068:www.computerhistory.org
708:artificial intelligence
614:Expensive Tape Recorder
329:Computer History Museum
265:Alan Kotok was born in
2366:Kotok Family Home Page
1500:Greenblatt, Richard D.
890:
779:
669:
536:BBN Technologies (BBN)
501:
423:
345:electrical engineering
310:Harvard, Massachusetts
179:known for his work at
2540:Computer chess people
2427:on September 27, 2011
2413:(November 15, 2004).
1825:10.1145/359327.359335
1654:"Sine-cosine Routine"
1000:on September 27, 2011
888:
770:
660:
495:
414:
306:Longy School of Music
2371:7 April 2023 at the
2101:"Exhibition Credits"
1932:"How It All Started"
1502:(January 12, 2005).
1421:Kotok, Alan (1962).
1280:Kotok, Alan (2006).
875:Micropayment Systems
622:programming software
556:Expensive Typewriter
318:Cape May, New Jersey
299:Vineland High School
275:Vineland, New Jersey
2394:. MIT News Office.
2292:"W3C Patent Policy"
2207:"People of the W3C"
1472:10.1145/66443.66444
382:tool rather than a
2545:Computer designers
2466:(September 2005).
2442:(September 2005).
1966:. pp. 77–78.
1633:The New York Times
1601:Creative Computing
1544:on August 11, 2011
1353:on October 1, 2007
1096:The New York Times
952:The New York Times
891:
780:
670:
502:
496:A control box for
458:, who later wrote
456:Richard Greenblatt
424:
368:Lincoln Laboratory
177:computer scientist
2076:"Millicent: 1997"
2025:"Digital Rewired"
1818:(1). ACM: 44–63.
1530:(March 7, 2005).
1450:Computing Surveys
945:(24 March 2006).
904:W3C Patent Policy
792:Michael Dertouzos
534:, at one time at
444:Mikhail Botvinnik
283:model railroading
214:computer software
170:
169:
137:Scientific career
2607:
2501:
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2197:
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2182:"Meeting Report"
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1848:"VAX 8600: 1984"
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992:
983:
964:
963:
961:
959:
939:
757:Clark University
653:Digital: 1962–96
636:in TECO macros.
592:Harmony Compiler
521:game controllers
426:With classmates
384:batch processing
308:. They lived in
295:Clark University
147:Computer science
100:Clark University
79:
57:November 9, 1941
56:
54:
35:
21:
20:
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1804:Bell, C. Gordon
1801:
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1456:(2). ACM: 137.
1442:
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984:
967:
957:
955:
940:
936:
932:
883:
817:, the Internet
804:Weaving the Web
788:Tim Berners-Lee
774:announcing the
772:Tim Berners-Lee
765:
664:and Kotok at a
655:
540:Harlan Anderson
529:
490:
484:
428:Elwyn Berlekamp
409:
403:
341:
263:
92:Alma mater
87:
81:
77:
68:
58:
52:
50:
42:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2503:
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2480:
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2478:
2436:
2407:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2361:
2360:External links
2358:
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2333:
2308:
2283:
2248:
2223:
2198:
2173:
2142:
2117:
2092:
2067:
2041:
2015:
1990:
1972:
1948:
1922:
1894:
1864:
1839:
1812:Communications
1795:
1773:
1747:
1722:
1691:
1666:
1644:
1619:
1583:
1554:
1528:Berliner, Hans
1519:
1491:
1436:
1413:
1387:
1363:
1337:
1297:
1263:
1256:
1242:. p. 729.
1228:
1197:
1187:. 13 June 2006
1165:
1137:
1112:
1079:
1055:
1010:
965:
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882:
881:W3C: 1997–2006
879:
800:open standards
764:
761:
702:computer, the
654:
651:
618:
617:
606:
595:
588:
577:
566:
559:
532:Edward Fredkin
528:
525:
486:Main article:
483:
480:
472:Kotok-McCarthy
421:Kotok-McCarthy
407:Kotok-McCarthy
405:Main article:
402:
399:
340:
337:
279:hardware store
262:
259:
255:World Wide Web
236:Kotok-McCarthy
191:, in his book
168:
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133:
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122:computer chess
107:
106:Known for
103:
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80:(aged 64)
74:
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59:
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2493:on 2013-05-12
2492:
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2461:particularly
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2318:
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2297:
2293:
2287:
2273:on 2016-03-03
2269:
2265:
2258:
2257:"Farma Final"
2252:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2213:on 2006-02-02
2212:
2208:
2202:
2188:on 2006-09-01
2187:
2183:
2177:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2146:
2131:
2127:
2121:
2107:on 2006-06-22
2106:
2102:
2096:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2057:on 2006-04-12
2056:
2052:
2045:
2031:on 2005-02-08
2030:
2026:
2019:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1979:
1975:
1973:0-06-251586-1
1969:
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1964:HarperCollins
1961:
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1707:
1704:Kotok, Alan.
1700:
1698:
1696:
1680:
1676:
1670:
1655:
1648:
1634:
1630:
1623:
1608:
1604:
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1597:
1590:
1588:
1572:on 2006-06-14
1571:
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1424:
1417:
1403:on 2020-11-06
1402:
1398:
1391:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1352:
1348:
1341:
1333:
1327:
1313:on 2006-06-15
1312:
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1285:
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1274:
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1259:
1257:0-14-100051-1
1253:
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1214:
1208:
1206:
1204:
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1186:
1182:
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1174:
1172:
1170:
1155:on 2016-10-30
1154:
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948:
944:
943:Markoff, John
938:
934:
927:
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913:
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905:
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828:
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815:search engine
813:
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797:
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790:had met with
789:
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648:
644:
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637:
635:
631:
627:
624:including an
623:
615:
611:
610:digital audio
607:
604:
600:
596:
593:
589:
586:
582:
578:
575:
571:
567:
564:
561:Wagner wrote
560:
557:
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541:
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524:
522:
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464:Hans Berliner
461:
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353:John McCarthy
350:
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261:Personal life
258:
256:
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248:
247:search engine
244:
239:
237:
233:
232:John McCarthy
229:
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218:digital audio
215:
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49:
45:
40:
34:
29:
22:
19:
2495:. Retrieved
2491:the original
2485:
2471:. Retrieved
2452:. Retrieved
2429:. Retrieved
2422:the original
2410:
2400:. Retrieved
2347:. Retrieved
2336:
2325:. Retrieved
2311:
2300:. Retrieved
2286:
2275:. Retrieved
2268:the original
2263:
2251:
2240:. Retrieved
2235:
2226:
2215:. Retrieved
2211:the original
2201:
2190:. Retrieved
2186:the original
2176:
2165:. Retrieved
2155:
2151:Khare, Rohit
2145:
2134:. Retrieved
2120:
2109:. Retrieved
2105:the original
2095:
2084:. Retrieved
2080:DEC Timeline
2079:
2070:
2059:. Retrieved
2055:the original
2044:
2033:. Retrieved
2029:the original
2018:
2007:. Retrieved
2003:DEC Timeline
2002:
1993:
1982:. Retrieved
1958:
1951:
1940:. Retrieved
1925:
1914:. Retrieved
1904:
1897:
1885:. Retrieved
1878:"Alan Kotok"
1856:. Retrieved
1852:DEC Timeline
1851:
1842:
1815:
1811:
1798:
1787:. Retrieved
1776:
1765:. Retrieved
1750:
1739:. Retrieved
1725:
1714:. Retrieved
1706:"W3C Alumni"
1683:. Retrieved
1669:
1658:. Retrieved
1647:
1636:. Retrieved
1632:
1622:
1611:. Retrieved
1599:
1574:. Retrieved
1570:the original
1564:
1557:
1546:. Retrieved
1539:the original
1522:
1511:. Retrieved
1494:
1483:. Retrieved
1453:
1449:
1439:
1431:1721.1/17406
1422:
1416:
1405:. Retrieved
1401:the original
1390:
1379:. Retrieved
1375:
1366:
1355:. Retrieved
1351:the original
1340:
1315:. Retrieved
1311:the original
1300:
1288:. Retrieved
1282:
1247:
1239:
1220:. Retrieved
1189:. Retrieved
1184:
1157:. Retrieved
1153:the original
1129:. Retrieved
1123:Alan Kotok.
1104:. Retrieved
1095:
1071:. Retrieved
1067:
1058:
1047:. Retrieved
1038:
1002:. Retrieved
995:the original
956:. Retrieved
950:
937:
903:
900:
892:
874:
870:
864:
856:
844:micropayment
839:
808:
803:
781:
763:Web: 1994–97
750:
738:DECSYSTEM-20
734:DECsystem-10
727:
700:time-sharing
678:
671:
640:
638:
619:
602:
554:Piner wrote
530:
516:
514:
503:
500:and T-Square
497:
447:
441:
425:
416:
388:
376:Peter Samson
361:
342:
339:MIT: 1958–62
333:heart attack
326:
303:
281:and learned
271:Pennsylvania
267:Philadelphia
264:
240:
225:
216:including a
207:
192:
172:
171:
153:Institutions
136:
131:Judith Kotok
78:(2006-05-26)
76:May 26, 2006
65:Pennsylvania
61:Philadelphia
18:
2520:2006 deaths
2515:1941 births
2411:Kotok, Alan
2156:W3C at WWW6
1213:"W3C Folio"
958:December 8,
848:Web content
836:AlphaServer
742:single-user
696:Gordon Bell
662:Gordon Bell
647:Steven Levy
630:interpreter
544:Gordon Bell
506:interactive
380:single-user
372:programming
349:Jack Dennis
322:pipe organs
253:and to the
189:Steven Levy
2509:Categories
2497:2012-08-20
2473:2006-07-01
2454:2006-07-01
2431:2006-07-01
2402:2006-12-27
2349:2006-07-01
2327:2006-07-01
2302:2006-07-01
2277:2009-02-11
2242:2009-02-11
2236:ERCIM News
2217:2009-02-11
2192:2006-07-01
2167:2006-07-01
2136:2009-01-23
2111:2006-07-01
2086:2006-07-01
2061:2006-07-01
2035:2006-07-01
2009:2006-07-01
1984:2006-07-01
1942:2006-07-01
1916:2009-02-04
1858:2006-07-01
1789:2009-01-23
1767:2009-02-25
1741:2006-07-01
1716:2006-07-01
1685:2009-01-23
1660:2006-07-20
1638:2009-01-22
1613:2006-07-01
1576:2006-07-01
1548:2006-07-02
1513:2006-07-01
1485:2009-01-23
1407:2006-07-01
1381:2022-09-13
1357:2006-07-01
1317:2006-07-01
1290:2020-11-16
1222:2006-07-01
1191:2022-09-13
1159:2006-07-01
1131:2009-02-04
1106:2006-07-01
1073:2022-07-12
1049:2006-07-01
1004:2009-01-23
918:metadata,
823:Web portal
587:card game.
510:video game
222:video game
173:Alan Kotok
53:1941-11-09
25:Alan Kotok
1458:CiteSeerX
840:Millicent
829:and live
812:AltaVista
715:mainframe
626:assembler
603:Spacewar!
517:Spacewar!
498:Spacewar!
488:Spacewar!
482:Spacewar!
419:known as
227:Spacewar!
118:Spacewar!
37:Kotok at
2448:Archived
2396:Archived
2369:Archived
2321:Archived
2296:Archived
2161:Archived
2153:(1999).
2130:Archived
1978:Archived
1936:Archived
1910:Archived
1887:June 17,
1761:Archived
1735:Archived
1710:Archived
1679:Archived
1607:Archived
1480:11526154
1326:cite web
1125:"McCoys"
1100:Archived
1043:Archived
924:security
831:election
819:firewall
746:VAX 8600
686:for the
684:compiler
632:for the
612:program
599:T-Square
548:software
527:Software
468:Cold War
460:Mac Hack
437:IBM 7090
251:Internet
2386:(CSAIL)
1834:1390979
920:privacy
827:webcast
681:Fortran
668:in 1964
432:IBM 704
203:hackers
187:(W3C).
41:in 2006
1970:
1832:
1478:
1460:
1254:
922:, and
860:Compaq
842:, the
825:, the
821:, the
730:PDP-10
725:link.
476:Soviet
316:; and
243:PDP-10
143:Fields
128:Spouse
86:, U.S.
67:, U.S.
2425:(PDF)
2418:(PDF)
2380:(W3C)
2271:(PDF)
2260:(PDF)
1830:S2CID
1542:(PDF)
1535:(PDF)
1507:(PDF)
1476:S2CID
1216:(PDF)
998:(PDF)
991:(PDF)
930:Notes
723:telex
704:PDP-6
692:PDP-5
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