386:
58:
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385:
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have caused the value of the magnitude for a particular star to vary from manuscript to manuscript. Al-Ṣūfī organized the stars in each of his drawings into two groups: those that form the image depicted, and others that are in close proximity to the image. He identified and described stars not
477:
was written, Al-Ṣūfī added 12° 42' to all the longitudes values provided by
Ptolemy. Al-Ṣūfī differed from Ptolemy by having a three level scale to measure the magnitude of stars instead of a two level scale. This extra level increased the precision of his measurements. His methodology for
1013:. "… is the honored, the perfect, the most intelligent and the friend of the King Adud al-Dawla Fanakhasru Shahenshah Ibn Buwaih. He is the author of the most honored books in the science of astronomy. He was originally from Nisa and is of a Persian descent."
616:. "… is the honored, the perfect, the most intelligent and the friend of the King Adud al-Dawla Fanakhasru Shahenshah ibn Buwayh. He is the author of the most honored books in the science of astronomy. He was originally from Nisa and is of a Persian descent."
841:
Artistic
Aspects of Sultan Bayezid II's Book Treasury Collection: Extant Volumes Preserved at the Topkapı Palace Museum Library (Treasures of Knowledge: An Inventory of the Ottoman Palace Library (1502/3-1503/4) (2
817:
Artistic
Aspects of Sultan Bayezid II's Book Treasury Collection: Extant Volumes Preserved at the Topkapı Palace Museum Library (Treasures of Knowledge: An Inventory of the Ottoman Palace Library (1502/3-1503/4) (2
1175:
470:
included by
Ptolemy, but he did not include them in his own star charts. Stating that his charts were modelled after Ptolemy, he left the stars excluded in Ptolemy's catalogue out of his charts as well.
439:, and the other from the perspective of looking at the sky while standing on the Earth. He separated them into three groups; 21 seen from the north, 15 seen from the south, and the 12
332:, finding numerous additional uses for it: According to American Near Eastern scholar Adam L. Bean, Al-Ṣūfī's work reportedly described over 1000 different uses in areas as diverse as
1042:
Hafez, Ihsan; Stephenson, Richard; Orchiston, Wayne (2011). "Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi and his Book of the Fixed Stars". In
Orchiston, Wayne; Nakamura, Tsuko; Strom, Richard G. (eds.).
435:
with Arabic ones, linking those that were the same. He included two illustrations of each constellation, one showing the orientation of the stars from the perspective outside the
308:, but this seems to be a misunderstanding of a reference to some stars south of Canopus which he admits he has not seen. He also made the earliest recorded observation of the
1143:
New
Insights From Recent Studies in Historical Astronomy: Following in the Footsteps of F. Richard Stephenson: A Meeting to Honor F. Richard Stephenson on His 70th Birthday
228:ʿAbd al-Rahmān al-Ṣūfī (full name: Abū’l-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿUmar ibn Sahl al-Ṣūfī al-Rāzī) was one of the nine famous Muslim astronomers. He lived at the court of
1365:
1195:
Schaefer, Bradley E. (2013). "The
Thousand Star Magnitudes in the Catalogues of Ptolemy, Al Sufi, and Tycho are All Corrected for Atmospheric Extinction".
2756:
560:
1003:
Highlighting the history of astronomy in the Asia-Pacific region: proceedings of the ICOA-6 conference. Astrophysics and Space
Science Proceedings
606:
Highlighting the history of astronomy in the Asia-Pacific region: proceedings of the ICOA-6 conference. Astrophysics and Space
Science Proceedings
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1517:
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1426:
565:
57:
1492:
2771:
2751:
2643:
1358:
2786:
2416:
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261:
deviated from those by
Ptolemy; just over half of al-Ṣūfī's magnitudes being identical to Ptolemy's. A Persian, al-Ṣūfī wrote in
2171:
2776:
2192:
1942:
1267:
1155:
1057:
1032:
1010:
772:
613:
473:
To allow for the longitudinal placement of the stars within constellations having changed over the eight centuries since the
932:
1351:
1141:
304:
Al-Ṣūfī made his astronomical observations at a latitude of 32.7N° in Isfahan. It has been claimed that he identified the
2717:
1896:
2686:
2079:
1841:
2013:
1338:
Al-Sūfī’s Book of the Constellations of the Fixed Stars and its Influence on Islamic and Western Celestial Cartography
1076:
2043:
2033:
448:
447:, that included the names and numbers of the individual stars in each of the 48 constellations, and each star's
2781:
1901:
1836:
1185:
969:
489:, it took more than 1000 years until the first partial English translation of the book was published in 2010.
1952:
2069:
1977:
1856:
1441:
2632:
2511:
2385:
1431:
501:
1252:
1886:
1876:
1497:
1387:
1099:
627:
530:
1507:
1323:
Liber locis stellarum fixarum, 964, manoscritto del 1417 riprodotto il 1730 da www.atlascoelestis.com
2153:
1734:
1618:
1277:
Upton, Joseph M. (1933). "A Manuscript of "The Book of the Fixed Stars" by ʿAbd Ar-Raḥmān Aṣ-Ṣūfī".
1967:
1861:
1739:
1502:
1462:
1126:
1957:
1972:
1921:
1583:
1573:
1512:
957:
414:
380:
240:
185:
150:
17:
1131:
2390:
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2164:
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1891:
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341:
305:
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2038:
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1820:
1765:
1337:
752:
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452:
444:
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1866:
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1537:
1436:
1421:
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1103:
486:
1343:
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8:
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2436:
2370:
2355:
2226:
2185:
1906:
1881:
1568:
1487:
1327:
1322:
1254:
Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures
1532:
1218:
1107:
2681:
2622:
2300:
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2110:
1663:
1457:
1294:
1238:
1204:
511:
Al-Ṣūfī's astronomical work was subsequently used by many other astronomers, including
258:
137:
197:"), written in 964, included both textual descriptions and illustrations. The Persian
2712:
2707:
2581:
2441:
1982:
1916:
1911:
1628:
1263:
1242:
1230:
1181:
1151:
1072:
1053:
1043:
1028:
1006:
1001:
by Ihsan Hafez, Richard F. Stephenson, Wayne Orchiston (2011). In: Orchiston, Wayne,
768:
609:
604:
by Ihsan Hafez, Richard F. Stephenson, Wayne Orchiston (2011). In: Orchiston, Wayne,
478:
determining these magnitude measurements cannot be found in any of his extant texts.
337:
333:
232:
100:
1312:
726:
533:
in memory of the astronomer. The first competition was held in 2006 in the north of
63:
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2691:
2566:
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2213:
2178:
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2100:
2023:
2008:
2003:
1729:
1578:
1467:
1286:
1222:
1111:
845:
821:
309:
172:
1332:
1180:. Brill's Studies in Intellectual History. Leiden; New York; Cologne: E.J. Brill.
2627:
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1810:
1684:
1653:
1603:
1588:
1416:
1259:
1147:
1049:
1024:
1018:
999:ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Şūfī and his Book of the Fixed Stars: A Journey of Re-discovery
936:
914:ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ṣūfī and his book of the fixed stars: a journey of re-discovery
789:
764:
602:ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ṣūfī and his Book of the Fixed Stars: A Journey of Re-discovery
519:
436:
289:
31:
1643:
1177:
The 'Arabik' Interest of the Natural Philosophers in Seventeenth Century England
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2446:
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1724:
1709:
1694:
1658:
1527:
1226:
538:
363:
285:
217:
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422:
at the time. This book describes 48 constellations and the stars within them.
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1937:
1805:
1719:
1319:, and information and links relating to the work (self-published, in Italian)
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293:
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127:
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2315:
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1962:
1815:
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1522:
912:
545:. More than 100 attendees from Iran and Iraq participated in these events.
523:
253:. He made corrections to Ptolemy's star list, and his estimations of star
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2551:
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2219:
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The Astronomy Society of Iran – Amateur Committee has held international
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1998:
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123:
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296:, which were completely unrelated and overlapped in complicated ways.
272:
Al-Ṣūfī was a major contributor to the translation into Arabic of the
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2018:
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1313:
Abd ar-Rahman as-Sufi (903-986): Liber locis stellarum fixarum, 964
986:
686:
589:
456:
431:
245:
205:
198:
179:; 7 December 903 – 25 May 986) was a Persian Muslim
1209:
796:. Foundation for Science, Technology and Civilisation, UK (FSTCUK)
761:
Encyclopedia of Time: Science, Philosophy, Theology, & Culture
2506:
2496:
2431:
2380:
2320:
2310:
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1633:
542:
426:
394:
250:
236:
67:
1340:– with comprehensive bibliography and list of known manuscripts.
1140:
Orchiston, Wayne; Green, David A.; Strom, Richard, eds. (2014).
1045:
Highlighting the History of Astronomy in the Asia-Pacific Region
425:
Al-Ṣūfī compared Greek constellations and stars as described in
2481:
2476:
868:
497:
462:
440:
397:
313:
262:
209:
71:
Imagines coeli septentrionales cum duodecim imaginibus zodiaci
2546:
2411:
2335:
357:
353:
312:
in 964, describing it as a "small cloud". This was the first
281:
96:
551:
commemorated Al-Ṣūfī's 1113th birthday on 7 December, 2016.
1373:
537:
Province, and the second was held in the summer of 2008 in
418:") in 964, and dedicated it to Adud al-Dawla, the ruler of
349:
2204:
1041:
701:
1020:
The Amateur Astronomer's Guide to the Deep-Sky Catalogs
933:"A night full of memories; the first Sufi competition"
664:
662:
660:
645:
406:
365:
186:
151:
1139:
874:
674:
657:
30:"Azophi" redirects here. For the lunar crater, see
1251:
970:"Abd al-Rahman Al-Sufi's (Azophi) 1113th Birthday"
880:
561:List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars
1092:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
892:
856:
2743:
1067:Kepple, George Robert; Sanner, Glen W. (1998).
707:
443:constellations. He included a complete set of
284:. His was the first to attempt to relate the
1359:
389:“Sign of Sagittarius” by al-Sufi in his book
1066:
566:List of scientists in medieval Islamic world
1366:
1352:
787:
239:, and worked on translating and expanding
56:
2757:Astronomers of the medieval Islamic world
1208:
1124:
1115:
651:
506:The Depiction of Celestial Constellations
465:errors within the 35 surviving copies of
1194:
668:
496:
449:longitudinal and latitudinal coordinates
384:
1375:Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world
1173:
14:
2744:
2172:Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity
1518:Khalid ibn Abd al‐Malik al‐Marwarrudhi
1085:
991:Ikhbār al-ʿulamāʾ bi-akhbār al-ḥukamāʾ
886:
702:Hafez, Stephenson & Orchiston 2011
594:Ikhbār al-ʿulamāʾ bi-akhbār al-ḥukamāʾ
515:who was both a prince and astronomer.
2193:The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries
2131:
1385:
1347:
1276:
1249:
1016:
910:
898:
862:
838:
814:
680:
455:, and location north or south of the
2142:
1197:Journal for the History of Astronomy
958:رقابت صوفي، درآمدي بر سال جهاني نجوم
750:
625:
276:astronomy that had been centered in
1164:
781:
713:
176:
24:
1328:Ulug Beg in www.atlascoelestis.com
719:
619:
25:
2798:
1306:
875:Orchiston, Green & Strom 2014
204:wrote that al-Ṣūfī's work on the
2772:Scholars under the Buyid dynasty
2752:10th-century Iranian astronomers
1399:
935:. Nojum Magazine. Archived from
269:of the scientific Muslim world.
241:ancient Greek astronomical works
1897:Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr al‐Farisi
1386:
1315:- illustrations from copies of
1167:"Star Tales: al-Şūfī's nebulae"
980:
962:
951:
925:
904:
839:Atbaş, Zeynep (1 August 2019).
832:
815:Atbaş, Zeynep (1 August 2019).
808:
2787:Astronomical instrument makers
2386:Schema for horizontal sundials
1902:Abu Ali al-Hasan al-Marrakushi
1427:Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī
1127:"ʿAbd-al-Raḥmān b. ʿOmar Ṣūfī"
1088:"On Al Sufi's star magnitudes"
1071:. Vol. 1. Willmann-Bell.
1069:The Night Sky Observer's Guide
744:
583:
13:
1:
911:Hafez, Ihsan (October 2010).
576:
328:Al-Ṣūfī also wrote about the
2644:Constantinople (Taqi al-Din)
323:
320:to be mentioned in writing.
299:
223:
27:Persian astronomer (903–986)
7:
2633:University of al-Qarawiyyin
1837:Ibn al-Banna' al-Marrakushi
1279:Metropolitan Museum Studies
1174:Russell, G.A., ed. (1994).
820:. Brill. pp. 161–211.
554:
531:Sufi Observing Competitions
407:
391:Ṣuwar al-kawākib al-thābita
366:
187:
152:
10:
2803:
2132:
1877:Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi
1227:10.1177/002182861304400103
1100:Royal Astronomical Society
788:Winterburn, Emily (2005).
481:Despite the importance of
378:
29:
2718:Medieval European science
2700:
2669:
2610:
2399:
2266:
2202:
2149:
2138:
2127:
2088:
2052:
1991:
1978:Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar
1930:
1829:
1758:
1735:Ibrahim ibn Said al-Sahli
1677:
1546:
1450:
1409:
1398:
1394:
1381:
850:10.1163/9789004402508_005
826:10.1163/9789004402508_005
526:are named after Al-Ṣūfī.
492:
143:
133:
119:
107:
78:
55:
48:
41:
2777:Greek–Arabic translators
1968:Nizam al-Din al-Nisapuri
1862:Muhyi al-Din al-Maghribi
1503:Ali ibn Isa al-Asturlabi
1333:Al-Sufi's constellations
1017:Cavin, Jerry D. (2011).
626:van Gent, Robert Harry.
571:
62:Al-Ṣūfī, as depicted in
49:
2070:Baha' al-din al-'Amili
2044:'Abd al-'Aziz al-Wafa'i
1922:Fakhr al-Din al-Akhlati
1842:Ibn al‐Ha'im al‐Ishbili
1317:The Book of Fixed Stars
1250:Selin, Helaine (1997).
483:The Book of Fixed Stars
467:The Book of Fixed Stars
415:The Book of Fixed Stars
381:The Book of Fixed Stars
373:The Book of Fixed Stars
212:. Al-Ṣūfī lived at the
195:The Book of Fixed Stars
160:The Book of Fixed Stars
2351:Navigational astrolabe
2106:Al Achsasi al Mouakket
1872:Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
1791:Al-Samawal al-Maghribi
1740:Ibn Mu'adh al-Jayyani
1669:Abu al-Hasan al-Ahwazi
1125:Kunitzsch, P. (1988).
1117:10.1093/mnras/45.8.417
1086:Knobel, E. B. (1885).
1005:. New York: Springer.
995:History of Learned Men
844:. Brill. p. 195.
751:Bean, Adam L. (2009).
628:"Biography of al-Sūfī"
608:. New York: Springer.
598:History of Learned Men
508:
408:Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib
401:
367:Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib
306:Large Magellanic Cloud
188:Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib
169:ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ṣūfī
153:Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib
43:ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ṣūfī
2782:People from Ray, Iran
2687:Hellenistic astronomy
2658:Samarkand (Ulugh Beg)
2452:Deferent and epicycle
1852:Alam al-Din al-Hanafi
1821:Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi
1463:Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi
919:James Cook University
632:University of Utrecht
522:and the minor planet
500:
388:
379:Further information:
338:astrology, horoscopes
288:with the traditional
2677:Babylonian astronomy
2492:Gravitational energy
1867:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
1857:Najm al‐Din al‐Misri
1538:Yahya ibn Abi Mansur
1437:Mashallah ibn Athari
1422:Al-Fadl ibn Naubakht
1258:. Berlin; New York:
1132:Encyclopædia Iranica
1052:. pp. 121–138.
921:(phd). pp. 2–4.
790:"Using an Astrolabe"
487:history of astronomy
2618:Al-Azhar University
2437:Celestial mechanics
2227:Book of Fixed Stars
2186:The Book of Healing
2165:Aja'ib al-Makhluqat
1907:Ibn Ishaq al-Tunisi
1882:Zakariya al-Qazwini
1493:Al-Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf
1488:Abu Hanifa Dinawari
1219:2013JHA....44...47S
1108:1885MNRAS..45..417K
520:lunar crater Azophi
208:was carried out in
2682:Egyptian astronomy
2623:House of Knowledge
2301:Astronomical clock
2111:Muhammad al-Rudani
1508:Banū Mūsā brothers
1458:Abu Ali al-Khayyat
972:. 7 December 2016.
939:on 20 October 2009
727:"Andromeda Galaxy"
509:
404:Al-Ṣūfī published
402:
138:Islamic Golden Age
2739:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2713:Chinese astronomy
2708:Byzantine science
2582:Temporal finitism
2512:Islamic cosmology
2442:Celestial spheres
2262:
2261:
2154:Arabic star names
2123:
2122:
2119:
2118:
1983:Fathullah Shirazi
1917:Al-Ashraf Umar II
1629:Ibrahim ibn Sinan
1432:Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī
1269:978-1-4020-4960-6
1157:978-3-319-07614-0
1059:978-14419-8-161-5
1034:978-1-4614-0656-3
1011:978-1-4419-8161-5
774:978-1-4129-4164-8
614:978-1-4419-8161-5
243:, especially the
166:
165:
101:Abbasid Caliphate
16:(Redirected from
2794:
2723:Indian astronomy
2692:Indian astronomy
2660:
2653:
2646:
2567:Sublunary sphere
2557:Specific gravity
2457:Earth's rotation
2346:Mural instrument
2291:Armillary sphere
2214:Alfonsine tables
2179:Tabula Rogeriana
2159:Islamic calendar
2147:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2129:
2128:
2024:Sibt al-Maridini
2009:Jamshid al-Kashi
1730:Said al-Andalusi
1533:Thābit ibn Qurra
1468:Abu Said Gorgani
1442:Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq
1396:
1395:
1383:
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623:
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410:
369:
310:Andromeda Galaxy
190:
178:
177:عبدالرحمن الصوفی
155:
146:
114:
88:
86:
60:
50:عبدالرحمن الصوفي
39:
38:
21:
2802:
2801:
2797:
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2793:
2792:
2791:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2727:
2696:
2665:
2656:
2649:
2642:
2628:House of Wisdom
2606:
2562:Spherical Earth
2395:
2326:Equatorial ring
2306:Celestial globe
2281:Analog computer
2258:
2253:Sullam al-sama'
2198:
2134:
2115:
2084:
2048:
1987:
1926:
1825:
1811:Jabir ibn Aflah
1754:
1685:Abu Nasr Mansur
1673:
1654:Abolfadl Harawi
1589:Ahmad ibn Yusuf
1542:
1446:
1417:Ahmad Nahavandi
1405:
1390:
1377:
1372:
1309:
1291:10.2307/1522800
1270:
1260:Springer Nature
1188:
1158:
1148:Springer Nature
1079:
1060:
1050:Springer Nature
1035:
1025:Springer Nature
983:
978:
977:
968:
967:
963:
956:
952:
942:
940:
931:
930:
926:
909:
905:
897:
893:
885:
881:
873:
869:
861:
857:
837:
833:
813:
809:
799:
797:
794:Muslim Heritage
786:
782:
775:
749:
745:
735:
733:
725:
724:
720:
712:
708:
700:
687:
679:
675:
667:
658:
650:
646:
636:
634:
624:
620:
588:
584:
579:
574:
557:
495:
437:celestial globe
383:
377:
326:
316:other than the
302:
292:star names and
226:
144:
112:
103:
90:
89:December 7, 903
84:
82:
74:
51:
44:
35:
32:Azophi (crater)
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2800:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2472:Elliptic orbit
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2447:Circular orbit
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2272:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2233:Toledan Tables
2230:
2223:
2216:
2210:
2208:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2136:
2135:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2096:Yang Guangxian
2092:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1750:Ali ibn Khalaf
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1725:Kushyar Gilani
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1695:Ali ibn Ridwan
1692:
1687:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1659:Haseb-i Tabari
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1528:Sahl ibn Bishr
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1392:
1391:
1379:
1378:
1371:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1308:
1307:External links
1305:
1304:
1303:
1285:(2): 179–197.
1274:
1268:
1247:
1192:
1186:
1171:
1165:Ridpath, Ian.
1162:
1156:
1137:
1122:
1083:
1077:
1064:
1058:
1039:
1033:
1014:
982:
979:
976:
975:
961:
950:
924:
903:
891:
879:
867:
855:
831:
807:
780:
773:
767:. p. 59.
757:Birx, H. James
743:
718:
706:
685:
683:, p. 160.
673:
656:
644:
618:
581:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
569:
568:
563:
556:
553:
494:
491:
376:
362:
325:
322:
301:
298:
294:constellations
233:'Adud al-Dawla
225:
222:
164:
163:
147:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
121:
117:
116:
115:(aged 82)
109:
105:
104:
91:
80:
76:
75:
64:Albrecht Dürer
61:
53:
52:
46:
45:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2799:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
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2709:
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2699:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
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2675:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2659:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2638:Observatories
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2592:Triangulation
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
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2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2502:Heliocentrism
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
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2455:
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2405:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2392:
2389:
2387:
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2382:
2379:
2377:
2376:Shadow square
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
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2344:
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2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2246:Zij-i Sultani
2243:
2241:
2240:
2239:Zij-i Ilkhani
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2130:
2126:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2014:Kadızade Rumi
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1938:Ibn al-Shatir
1936:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1912:Ibn al‐Raqqam
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1806:Ibn al-Kammad
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1720:Ibn al-Saffar
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
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1597:
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1400:
1397:
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1376:
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1357:
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1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
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1280:
1275:
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1265:
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1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1203:(1): 47–A91.
1202:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1172:
1168:
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1153:
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1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
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1080:
1078:0-943396-58-1
1074:
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1051:
1047:
1046:
1040:
1036:
1030:
1026:
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1021:
1015:
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1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
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988:
985:
984:
971:
965:
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954:
938:
934:
928:
920:
916:
915:
907:
900:
895:
888:
883:
876:
871:
864:
859:
851:
847:
843:
835:
827:
823:
819:
811:
795:
791:
784:
776:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
747:
732:
728:
722:
715:
710:
703:
698:
696:
694:
692:
690:
682:
677:
670:
669:Schaefer 2013
665:
663:
661:
653:
652:Kunitzsch1988
648:
633:
629:
622:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
586:
582:
567:
564:
562:
559:
558:
552:
550:
549:Google Doodle
546:
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321:
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291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
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268:
267:lingua franca
264:
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256:
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207:
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189:
182:
174:
170:
161:
157:
156:
154:
148:
142:
139:
136:
132:
129:
128:mathematician
125:
122:
120:Occupation(s)
118:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
81:
77:
72:
69:
65:
59:
54:
47:
40:
37:
33:
19:
2611:Institutions
2462:Eccentricity
2422:Astrophysics
2316:Compass rose
2251:
2244:
2237:
2225:
2218:
2203:
2191:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2029:Ibn al-Majdi
2004:Abd al‐Wajid
1963:Al-Wabkanawi
1958:Abū al‐ʿUqūl
1847:Jamal ad-Din
1816:Omar Khayyam
1644:Al-ʻIjliyyah
1619:Aṣ-Ṣaidanānī
1604:Ibn al-A'lam
1553:
1523:Al-Khwarizmi
1316:
1282:
1278:
1253:
1200:
1196:
1176:
1142:
1130:
1095:
1091:
1068:
1044:
1019:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
981:Bibliography
964:
953:
941:. Retrieved
937:the original
927:
918:
913:
906:
894:
882:
870:
858:
840:
834:
816:
810:
798:. Retrieved
793:
783:
760:
753:"Astrolabes"
746:
734:. Retrieved
730:
721:
709:
676:
647:
635:. Retrieved
621:
605:
601:
597:
593:
585:
547:
528:
524:12621 Alsufi
517:
510:
505:
482:
480:
474:
472:
466:
461:
430:
424:
413:
405:
403:
390:
372:
364:
327:
303:
271:
244:
227:
194:
184:
168:
167:
159:
149:
145:Notable work
70:
36:
2597:Tusi couple
2587:Trepidation
2552:Salah times
2487:Geocentrism
2361:Planisphere
2341:Graph paper
2268:Instruments
2220:Huihui Lifa
2101:Ehmedê Xanî
2060:Al-Birjandi
2039:al-Kubunani
1796:Abu al-Salt
1745:Al-Isfizari
1705:Ibn al-Samh
1584:Abu al-Wafa
1569:al-Khojandi
1473:Al-Farghani
1388:Astronomers
1102:: 417–425.
887:Knobel 1885
502:Sagittarius
445:star charts
350:timekeeping
274:Hellenistic
183:. His work
113:(986-05-25)
111:May 25, 986
2767:986 deaths
2762:903 births
2746:Categories
2701:Influenced
2670:Influences
2542:Precession
2522:Multiverse
2427:Axial tilt
2407:Almucantar
2391:Triquetrum
2331:Equatorium
2080:Takiyüddin
1953:al-Battiwi
1948:Ibn Shuayb
1943:Al-Khalili
1786:Al-Khazini
1781:Al-Kharaqī
1776:Ibn Tufail
1766:Al-Bitruji
1700:Al-Zarqālī
1664:al-Majriti
1614:Al-Saghani
1609:Al-Nayrizi
1594:al-Battani
1513:Iranshahri
1498:Al-Marwazi
1402:by century
1187:9004098887
899:Upton 1933
863:Cavin 2011
800:22 January
736:13 January
681:Selin 1997
637:11 January
577:References
400:, 1131 CE.
342:navigation
278:Alexandria
255:brightness
181:astronomer
124:Astronomer
2577:Supernova
2532:Obliquity
2517:Moonlight
2417:Astrology
2296:Astrolabe
2075:Piri Reis
2065:al-Khafri
2034:al-Wafa'i
2019:Ulugh Beg
1999:Ali Kuşçu
1973:al-Jadiri
1892:al-Abhari
1690:al-Biruni
1624:Ibn Yunus
1599:Al-Qabisi
1574:al-Khazin
1483:Al-Mahani
1243:119202231
1235:0021-8286
1210:1303.1833
943:7 January
731:Britannia
541:near the
513:Ulugh Beg
453:magnitude
346:surveying
334:astronomy
330:astrolabe
324:Astrolabe
318:Milky Way
300:Astronomy
259:magnitude
224:Biography
216:court in
202:Al-Biruni
85:903-12-07
2651:Maragheh
2602:Universe
2572:Sunlight
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