19:
1181:
457:
443:
158:. Its members consist of scholars from the Islamic reform group in Minangkabau or often called Kaum Muda (young people). Although Ahmad was the director, he was not a daily committee, which was served by Marah Muhammad. In the ranks of the editorial board, headed by Sutan Djamaluddin Abubakar, there were a number of prominent Islamic figures including Abdul Karim Amrullah (father of
317:
due to lack of funds. In the later editions, the magazine had repeatedly published announcements to agents and readers to send their subscriptions. In addition, the scholars who managed the magazine had absolutely no background in business. Publishing at the time was held only for the purpose of da'wah, without being accompanied by business skills and professionalism.
316:
ceased its publication on
January 31, 1915. In the essay included in the final edition, it was stated that "Al-Munir cannot be continued, but to the readers and the Islamic community it is advisable to continue to increase their knowledge with diligent reading." The termination of the magazine was
73:, the development of Islamic intellectual activity in the world, and chronicles usually translated from Islamic magazines in the Middle East. However, due to budget constraints, the magazine stopped its publishing in 1915. Even so, the birth of
197:, as in the early 20th century some Minang people were still proficient in writing and reading the Arabic-Malay script. However, the spelling used in the magazine followed the spelling standards used in the colonial government schools.
243:
magazine can be broadly grouped into sections; editorials, mailings, questions and answers, and domestic/foreign news. In addition, there was also a translation section from the Middle
Eastern magazines such as
364:
had reached no more than 2,000 copies, the magazine was widely read in a number of areas in
Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, and Java. In Minangkabau itself, the magazine raised both pro and counter-reactions.
69:
in the early 20th century. The magazine features some of the rubrics that include articles covering
Islamic religious matters, question and answer forums that are generally concerned with
305:(independent reasoning) to some of the problems previously forbidden by the traditional scholars, such as the legality of taking photographs, or illegality of wearing ties and hats.
1202:
1672:
1273:
1953:
955:
189:
means torch, which in turns connotes the light of enlightenment. The magazine was published every
Saturday, at the beginning and the middle of the month in the
131:, immediately met the leader of the magazine in Singapore. In his visit, Ahmad conveyed his intention to publish a magazine with the same vision and mission of
2426:
1214:
89:
magazine began its publishing in
Singapore under the direction of Sheikh Tahir Jalaluddin. This magazine had historically been in close connection with
2396:
977:
324:, on the proposal of Abdul Karim Amrullah, the mass organization based in West Sumatra Sumatra Thawalib had published a magazine under the name
1600:
1036:
853:
1117:
2186:
1657:
208:, and the Malay Peninsula. The factor caused the widespread distribution of this magazine is considered its utilization of a network of
2169:
256:. The written articles and the answers to the letters of the reader were mostly concerned with the issues of Islamic jurisprudence and
166:). Other writers not included in the governing structure include Ibrahim Musa Parabek, Abbas Abdullah, Zainuddin Labay El Yunusy, and
2416:
2142:
2130:
2039:
2411:
1610:
46:
in early April 1911, Al-Munir was listed as the first
Islamic mass media in Indonesia. The magazine was often associated with
2375:
967:
794:
2401:
1730:
1605:
2321:
1590:
376:
based in
Adabiyah School. The network of Sumatra Thawalib in various regions published limited issue magazines, such as
2406:
135:. Returning from a visit to Singapore, with the support of local merchants, Ahmad began initiating the publication of
1498:
1241:
1085:
1066:
1017:
989:
924:
896:
865:
843:
775:
97:
1988:
1110:
1725:
332:
in 1918. The magazine was led by the Muslim scholar
Zainuddin Labay El Yunusi, who was among the contributors to
2316:
1963:
2370:
2365:
1615:
1207:
2301:
2071:
1830:
1410:
262:(Islamic creed). In addition to advocacy on the compatibility of Islam and modern science and rationality,
2296:
1278:
1103:
66:
2421:
1689:
212:
magazine already spread throughout the archipelago. Later the magazine expanded its follower base into
2088:
2352:
2083:
1943:
1801:
1553:
470:
77:
was soon followed by a similar publication by various
Islamic movements throughout the archipelago.
2076:
1878:
1760:
1750:
1740:
1694:
1620:
1440:
412:
181:
declared its intent when it was first published in early April 1911. According to Masoed Abidin in
58:, Muhammad Thaib Umar and Sutan Muhammad Salim were recorded in the ranks of the editorial board.
1835:
1781:
1630:
1595:
1585:
1458:
1140:
51:
2012:
54:
in Singapore during 1906-1909. In addition to Abdullah Ahmad, several religious figures such as
1928:
1786:
1745:
1635:
1523:
1375:
1337:
1145:
43:
2342:
1958:
1684:
1625:
1400:
167:
113:
70:
1893:
1883:
1667:
1395:
1380:
1219:
55:
8:
2147:
1933:
1888:
1483:
246:
2347:
1938:
1858:
1640:
1420:
1352:
1256:
1126:
352:, the magazine was published twice a month, at the beginning and middle of the month.
2274:
1923:
1873:
1868:
1704:
1548:
1503:
1385:
1342:
1310:
1246:
1081:
1062:
1013:
985:
963:
920:
892:
861:
839:
790:
787:
The Vernacular Press and the Emergence of Modern Indonesian Consciousness (1855-1913)
771:
112:. One of the regions that experienced the strongest influence of the publication was
94:
2006:
1791:
1709:
1679:
1538:
1468:
462:
190:
2311:
2306:
2291:
2044:
1918:
1853:
1662:
1513:
1357:
1266:
424:
105:
372:, soon magazines with the same spirit had appeared in Minangkabau area, such as
2109:
1863:
1848:
1533:
1528:
1508:
1478:
1463:
1347:
1320:
1226:
329:
101:
18:
2390:
2337:
2154:
2103:
1735:
1699:
1425:
1315:
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actively called on Muslims to return to pure Islamic teachings by abolishing
194:
35:
2248:
2243:
1796:
1645:
1493:
1473:
1415:
1390:
1300:
1295:
1236:
1231:
943:
448:
428:
117:
2253:
2174:
1755:
1543:
1430:
1405:
1330:
1325:
1290:
822:
272:(conformity to legal precedence) and opposing the practice of ecumenical
1180:
411:
In 1916, Abdullah Ahmad worked with the Chairman of the Islamic Sarekat
2191:
2120:
1948:
1840:
1580:
1518:
1435:
1305:
1285:
1261:
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in Padang Japang. Similarly, the conservative clerics, later dubbed as
340:
stalled after the death of Zainuddin Labay El Yunusi in 1924. However,
289:
217:
163:
1150:
336:. However, the magazine only lasted for six years. The publication of
65:(young people) movement, the magazine played an important role in the
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2205:
2199:
2135:
2034:
1900:
1251:
1095:
132:
674:
664:
662:
2210:
2181:
2125:
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483:
420:
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213:
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2115:
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1163:
1158:
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301:
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109:
517:
515:
2215:
2164:
2159:
2093:
2066:
2051:
2027:
2017:
1776:
1168:
713:
647:
495:
284:
268:
127:
stalled in 1909, Abdullah Ahmad, the Minangkabau delegation of
39:
598:
596:
2263:
1998:
1993:
1488:
875:
732:
730:
728:
613:
611:
512:
274:
193:. Most editions were 16 pages long, and the inscription used
159:
151:
703:
701:
559:
557:
162:), Muhammad Thaib Umar, and Sutan Muhammad Salim (father of
2258:
2238:
1983:
635:
593:
532:
530:
205:
725:
608:
1050:
Al-Munir dan Wacana Pembaharuan Pemikiran Islam 1911–1915
742:
698:
686:
554:
423:. The magazine marked the beginning of the acceptance of
1954:
Fatwa on Religious Pluralism, Liberalism, and Secularism
527:
154:, which also became the publishing and managing body of
836:
Ensiklopedia Islam, Jilid 4. Departemen Agama Indonesia
200:
To distribute the magazines and collect subscriptions,
42:
from 1911 until 1915. Inaugurated by the initiative of
542:
204:
had 31 agents in various areas spread across Sumatra,
998:
954:
680:
489:
408:
under the leadership of Abdul Majid and Hasan Basri.
104:
in Paris, France. The magazine was widespread in the
438:
1075:
768:
Tokoh-tokoh Pembaruan Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia
668:
400:(old people), published counter magazines, such as
914:
581:
506:
2388:
1026:
815:Islamic Revivalism in a Changing Peasant Economy
803:
719:
1007:
521:
1601:Indonesian Association of Muslim Intellectuals
886:
812:
1111:
1041:Etos Iman, Ilmu, dan Amal dalam Gerakan Islam
976:
833:
602:
67:second wave of Islamic reform in West Sumatra
1047:
1035:
942:
905:
827:Gerakan Moderen Islam di Indonesia 1900–1942
765:
736:
653:
641:
563:
299:, the scholars of Kaum Muda expressed their
1001:A History of Modern Indonesia Since C. 1200
908:“Booming” Surat Kabar di Sumatra's Westkust
852:
821:
692:
617:
2427:Political magazines published in Indonesia
1118:
1104:
1056:
984:. Pusat Pengkajian Islam dan Minangkabau.
933:
860:. Pusat Pengkajian Islam dan Minangkabau.
784:
748:
707:
536:
231:. Many of the issues already contained in
50:magazine published under the direction of
344:is often referred as the continuation of
2397:Defunct magazines published in Indonesia
919:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
917:Islam and the Secular State in Indonesia
404:under the leadership of Khatib Ali, and
93:, a magazine published by the prominent
17:
2389:
1611:Indonesian Islamic Propagation Council
1125:
1078:Perjuangan dan Pengabdian Muhammadiyah
1099:
948:Sejarah Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia
874:
587:
548:
61:Carrying the mission as a medium for
1731:Indonesian Nahdlatul Community Party
1606:Indonesia Institute of Islamic Dawah
1031:. Jakarta: IAIN Syarif Hidayatullah.
34:was an Islamic magazine, written in
838:. Jakarta: Ichtiar Baru van Hoeve.
806:Gerakan Pembaharuan Pemikiran Islam
142:The association of the founders of
13:
936:Historiografi Pers Islam Indonesia
14:
2438:
1959:Operation Tinombala / Madago Raya
1242:Ismail al-Khalidi al-Minangkabawi
2417:Magazines disestablished in 1915
1179:
455:
441:
1029:Gerakan Kaum Tua di Minangkabau
891:. Jakarta: Penerbit Djambatan.
758:
623:
1964:December 2016 Jakarta protests
1845:Islamic Kingdoms in Indonesia
1010:Ensiklopedi Agama dan Filsafat
999:Merle Calvin Ricklefs (2001).
569:
308:
1:
2412:Magazines established in 1911
1616:Indonesian Mujahedeen Council
1059:Inteligensia Muslim dan Kuasa
476:
320:Three years after the end of
2376:National Heroes of Indonesia
2302:Islamic criminal law in Aceh
1831:Spread of Islam in Indonesia
1658:Muslim Students' Association
1411:Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi
1076:Yusuf Abdullah Puar (1989).
1003:. Stanford University Press.
360:Although the circulation of
355:
7:
2402:Defunct political magazines
2297:Islam Yes, Islamic Party No
1052:. Padang: IAIN Imam Bonjol.
950:. Jakarta: Hidakarya Agung.
915:Luthfi Assyaukanie (2009).
889:Ensiklopedi Islam Indonesia
434:
227:had some similarities with
183:Encyclopedia of Minangkabau
10:
2443:
1203:Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari
962:. Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
681:Marthias Dusky Pandoe 2001
490:Merle Calvin Ricklefs 2001
80:
2407:Defunct Islamic magazines
2361:
2330:
2284:
2224:
2084:Musabaqah Tilawatil Quran
1976:
1944:Maluku sectarian conflict
1909:
1821:
1814:
1802:Mujahidin Indonesia Timur
1769:
1718:
1573:
1566:
1554:Muhammad Luthfi bin Yahya
1449:
1366:
1195:
1188:
1177:
1133:
1027:M. Sanusi Latief (1989).
858:Kamus Sejarah Minangkabau
804:Burhanuddin Daya (1990).
770:. Raja Grafindo Persada.
471:List of theology journals
223:In terms of its content,
150:, a council consisted of
123:After the publication of
1879:Samudera Pasai Sultanate
1761:United Development Party
1751:Prosperous Justice Party
1741:National Awakening Party
1621:Indonesian Ulema Council
1274:Abdus Samad al-Palimbani
1008:Mochtar Effendy (2001).
808:. Jakarta: Tiara Wacana.
669:Yusuf Abdullah Puar 1989
278:(religious innovation),
173:
1836:Ottoman embassy to Aceh
1631:Islamic Defenders Front
1596:Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia
1586:Campus Dakwah Institute
982:Ensiklopedi Minangkabau
887:Harun Nasution (1992).
817:. London: Curzon Press.
813:Cristian Dobin (1987).
507:Luthfi Assyaukanie 2009
52:Sheikh Tahir Jalaluddin
1929:Tanjung Priok massacre
1787:Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid
1746:National Mandate Party
1524:Muhammad Rizieq Shihab
834:Dewan Redaksi (2002).
368:After the presence of
26:
1636:Liberal Islam Network
1626:Al-Irshad Al-Islamiya
1401:Muhammad Jamil Jambek
1316:Maulana Malik Ibrahim
1048:Syamsuri Ali (1997).
956:Marthias Dusky Pandoe
906:Hendra Naldi (2008).
766:Abuddin Nata (2005).
720:Burhanuddin Daya 1990
348:magazine. Similar to
168:Muhammad Jamil Jambek
71:Islamic jurisprudence
21:
2371:History of Indonesia
2366:Mosques in Indonesia
1894:Yogyakarta Sultanate
1459:Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif
1396:Tahir bin Jalaluddin
1381:Abdul Karim Amrullah
910:. Yogyakarta: Ombak.
522:Mochtar Effendy 2001
98:Jamal-al-Din Afghani
56:Abdul Karim Amrullah
1934:Talangsari incident
1726:Crescent Star Party
1484:Abdullah Gymnastiar
1057:Yudi Latif (2005).
1043:. Pustaka Panjimas.
938:. Jakarta: Quantum.
934:Mafri Amir (2000).
785:Ahmat Adam (1995).
656:, pp. 193–194.
282:(superstition) and
235:were re-enacted in
1939:Insurgency in Aceh
1859:Kingdom of Kaimana
1641:Majelis Rasulullah
1421:Sulaiman ar-Rasuli
1353:Burhanuddin Ulakan
1257:Tuanku Imam Bonjol
1232:Yusuf al-Makassari
1127:Islam in Indonesia
1080:. Pustaka Antara.
882:. Jakarta: Uminda.
603:Masoed Abidin 2005
239:. The contents of
108:and the island of
95:Islamic reformists
27:
2422:Monthly magazines
2384:
2383:
2275:Tafsir Al-Mishbah
1972:
1971:
1924:Petition of Fifty
1884:Ternate Sultanate
1874:Mataram Sultanate
1869:Malacca Sultanate
1810:
1809:
1719:Political parties
1705:Sumatera Thawalib
1695:Rabithah Alawiyah
1562:
1561:
1549:Abdurrahman Wahid
1504:Nurcholish Madjid
1343:Ali Mughayat Syah
1338:Abdurrauf Singkil
1311:Sunan Gunung Jati
1247:Abdullah al-Misri
1215:Nawawi al-Bantani
1061:. Mizan Pustaka.
969:978-979-709-002-9
829:. Jakarta: LP3ES.
796:978-0-87727-716-3
737:Rusydi Hamka 1986
654:Syamsuri Ali 1997
642:Syamsuri Ali 1997
564:Abuddin Nata 2005
551:, p. 99-100.
342:Al-Munir Al-Manar
338:Al-Munir Al-Manar
326:Al-Munir Al-Manar
2434:
2353:Central Sulawesi
2195:
2178:
2151:
2139:
2048:
2007:Babad Tanah Jawi
1889:Tidore Sultanate
1819:
1818:
1792:Jamaah Islamiyah
1710:Wahdah Islamiyah
1680:Nahdlatul Wathan
1571:
1570:
1539:Said Aqil Siradj
1469:Abu Bakar Bashir
1282:
1223:
1211:
1193:
1192:
1183:
1120:
1113:
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973:
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883:
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818:
809:
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781:
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746:
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734:
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696:
693:Deliar Noer 1982
690:
684:
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672:
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651:
645:
639:
633:
627:
621:
618:Gusti Asnan 2003
615:
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585:
579:
573:
567:
561:
552:
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534:
525:
519:
510:
504:
493:
487:
465:
463:Indonesia portal
460:
459:
458:
451:
446:
445:
444:
427:with the use of
191:Islamic calendar
91:Al-Urwatul Wusqa
2442:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2357:
2326:
2312:Jemaah Tarbiyah
2307:Jama’ah Tabligh
2292:Islam Nusantara
2280:
2220:
2189:
2172:
2145:
2133:
2077:Istiqlal Mosque
2042:
1968:
1919:Jakarta Charter
1911:
1905:
1854:Demak Sultanate
1823:
1806:
1765:
1714:
1663:Nahdlatul Ulama
1558:
1514:Mohammad Natsir
1451:
1445:
1368:
1362:
1358:Usman bin Yahya
1276:
1267:Tuanku Tambusai
1217:
1205:
1184:
1175:
1129:
1124:
1094:
1088:
1069:
1020:
1012:. Vol. 3.
992:
970:
927:
899:
868:
846:
797:
778:
761:
756:
755:
749:Yudi Latif 2005
747:
743:
735:
726:
718:
714:
708:Yudi Latif 2005
706:
699:
691:
687:
679:
675:
667:
660:
652:
648:
640:
636:
628:
624:
616:
609:
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594:
586:
582:
574:
570:
562:
555:
547:
543:
537:Yudi Latif 2005
535:
528:
520:
513:
505:
496:
488:
484:
479:
461:
456:
454:
447:
442:
440:
437:
425:Islam Nusantara
358:
311:
176:
106:Malay Peninsula
83:
38:, published in
12:
11:
5:
2440:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
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2356:
2355:
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2334:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2322:Traditionalist
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
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2184:
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2118:
2113:
2110:Sejarah Banten
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2101:
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2010:
2003:
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2001:
1996:
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1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
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1931:
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1904:
1903:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1864:Gowa Sultanate
1861:
1856:
1851:
1849:Aceh Sultanate
1843:
1838:
1833:
1827:
1825:
1816:
1812:
1811:
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1804:
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1633:
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1588:
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1568:
1564:
1563:
1560:
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1557:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1529:Quraish Shihab
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1509:Harun Nasution
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1479:Djohan Effendi
1476:
1471:
1466:
1464:Azyumardi Azra
1461:
1455:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1386:Hasyim Asy'ari
1383:
1378:
1376:Abdullah Ahmad
1372:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1348:Tuanku Nan Tuo
1345:
1340:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1321:Sunan Kalijaga
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1283:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1227:Hamzah Fansuri
1224:
1212:
1199:
1197:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1155:Old divisions
1153:
1148:
1143:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1123:
1122:
1115:
1108:
1100:
1093:
1092:
1086:
1073:
1067:
1054:
1045:
1033:
1024:
1018:
1005:
996:
990:
974:
968:
952:
940:
931:
925:
912:
903:
897:
884:
872:
866:
850:
844:
831:
819:
810:
801:
795:
782:
776:
762:
760:
757:
754:
753:
751:, p. 105.
741:
724:
722:, p. 119.
712:
710:, p. 182.
697:
685:
683:, p. 296.
673:
658:
646:
644:, p. 193.
634:
622:
620:, p. 167.
607:
605:, p. 295.
592:
580:
568:
553:
541:
539:, p. 181.
526:
524:, p. 411.
511:
494:
492:, p. 214.
481:
480:
478:
475:
474:
473:
467:
466:
452:
436:
433:
384:in Sungayang,
357:
354:
330:Padang Panjang
310:
307:
175:
172:
102:Muhammad Abduh
82:
79:
44:Abdullah Ahmad
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2439:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2155:Tabligh Akbar
2153:
2149:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1736:Masyumi Party
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1700:Sarekat Islam
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1574:Civil society
1572:
1569:
1567:Organizations
1565:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1499:Kartosoewirjo
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1441:Tjokroaminoto
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1426:Mohammad Roem
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1369:Awakening era
1365:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1189:Major figures
1187:
1182:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1089:
1087:979-801-300-X
1083:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1068:979-433-400-6
1064:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1019:979-587-151-X
1015:
1011:
1006:
1002:
997:
993:
991:979-3797-23-1
987:
983:
979:
978:Masoed Abidin
975:
971:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
932:
928:
926:981-230-889-X
922:
918:
913:
909:
904:
900:
898:979-428-134-4
894:
890:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
867:979-97407-0-3
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
845:979-8276-65-5
841:
837:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
811:
807:
802:
798:
792:
788:
783:
779:
777:979-3654-58-9
773:
769:
764:
763:
750:
745:
739:, p. 72.
738:
733:
731:
729:
721:
716:
709:
704:
702:
695:, p. 43.
694:
689:
682:
677:
671:, p. 83.
670:
665:
663:
655:
650:
643:
638:
632:. No. 1/1911.
631:
626:
619:
614:
612:
604:
599:
597:
590:, p. 99.
589:
584:
578:. No. 1/1911.
577:
572:
566:, p. 15.
565:
560:
558:
550:
545:
538:
533:
531:
523:
518:
516:
509:, p. 38.
508:
503:
501:
499:
491:
486:
482:
472:
469:
468:
464:
453:
450:
439:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
415:to establish
414:
413:Tjokroaminoto
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
366:
363:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
318:
315:
306:
304:
303:
298:
293:
291:
287:
286:
281:
277:
276:
271:
270:
265:
261:
260:
255:
254:
249:
248:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
198:
196:
195:Jawi alphabet
192:
188:
184:
180:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
148:Sjarikat Ilmu
145:
140:
138:
134:
130:
126:
121:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
96:
92:
88:
78:
76:
72:
68:
64:
59:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
32:
24:
20:
16:
2343:West Sumatra
2273:
2249:Kitab kuning
2244:Jamiat Kheir
2232:
2231:
2198:
2108:
2005:
1989:Architecture
1912:independence
1824:independence
1797:Laskar Jihad
1646:Muhammadiyah
1591:Hidayatullah
1494:Wahid Hasyim
1474:Idham Chalid
1452:independence
1416:Haji Misbach
1391:Ahmad Dahlan
1301:Sunan Drajat
1296:Sunan Bonang
1237:Malikussaleh
1077:
1058:
1049:
1040:
1037:Rusydi Hamka
1028:
1009:
1000:
981:
960:A Nan Takana
959:
947:
944:Mahmud Yunus
935:
916:
907:
888:
879:
857:
835:
826:
814:
805:
786:
767:
759:Bibliography
744:
715:
688:
676:
649:
637:
629:
625:
583:
575:
571:
544:
485:
449:Islam portal
429:Latin script
419:magazine in
416:
410:
405:
402:Suluh Malayu
401:
397:
393:
385:
381:
380:in Parabek,
377:
373:
369:
367:
361:
359:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
325:
321:
319:
313:
312:
300:
296:
294:
283:
279:
273:
267:
263:
257:
251:
245:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
222:
209:
201:
199:
186:
182:
178:
177:
155:
147:
143:
141:
136:
128:
124:
122:
118:West Sumatra
90:
86:
84:
74:
62:
60:
47:
36:Arabic-Malay
30:
29:
28:
22:
15:
2254:Kota santri
2190: [
2173: [
2146: [
2134: [
2043: [
1782:Darul Islam
1756:Ummah Party
1544:Abdul Somad
1534:Ma'ruf Amin
1431:Rasuna Said
1406:Mas Mansoer
1331:Sunan Murya
1326:Sunan Kudus
1291:Sunan Ampel
1277: [
1218: [
1206: [
1196:Classic era
854:Gusti Asnan
823:Deliar Noer
309:Termination
185:, the name
139:in Padang.
114:Minangkabau
2391:Categories
2121:Serak Gulo
2099:Sholawatan
1949:Poso riots
1841:Wali Sanga
1581:Alkhairaat
1519:Amien Rais
1436:Agus Salim
1306:Sunan Giri
1286:Wali Sanga
1262:Tuanku Rao
1141:Shia Islam
588:Hamka 1962
549:Hamka 1962
477:References
386:Al-Ittiqan
290:Sufi order
218:Kalimantan
164:Agus Salim
146:joined in
116:region in
2348:East Java
2331:By region
2317:Modernist
2285:Movements
2269:Pesantren
2225:Education
2206:Wetu Telu
2200:Tombo Ati
2187:Tirakatan
2062:Manakiban
1901:Padri War
1367:National
1146:Ahmadiyya
382:Al-Basyir
356:Reception
85:In 1906,
63:Kaum Muda
2233:Al-Munir
2211:Yaqowiyu
2182:Tausiyah
2170:Takbiran
2165:Tahlilan
2126:Slametan
2013:Costumes
1668:GP Ansor
1651:Aisyiyah
1134:Branches
1039:(1986).
980:(2005).
958:(2001).
946:(1996).
878:(1962).
856:(2003).
825:(1982).
630:Al-Munir
576:Al-Munir
435:See also
421:Surabaya
417:Al-Islam
406:Al-Mizan
398:Kaum Tua
390:Maninjau
378:Al-Bayan
374:Al-Akbar
370:Al-Munir
362:Al-Munir
350:Al-Munir
346:Al-Munir
334:Al-Munir
322:Al-Munir
314:Al-Munir
297:Al-Munir
295:Through
280:khurafat
264:Al-Munir
253:Al-Ahram
247:Al-Manar
241:Al-Munir
237:Al-Munir
225:Al-Munir
214:Sulawesi
202:Al-Munir
187:Al Munir
179:Al-Munir
156:Al-Munir
144:Al-Munir
137:Al-Munir
75:Al-Munir
31:Al-Munir
25:`s cover
23:Al-Munir
2216:Yasinan
2143:Suronan
2116:Sekaten
2089:Qasidah
2072:Mosques
2057:Lebaran
2023:Songkok
1977:Culture
1815:History
1770:Militia
1164:Priyayi
1159:Abangan
1151:Kejawèn
394:Al-Imam
302:ijtihad
259:aqeedah
233:Al-Imam
229:Al-Imam
210:Al-Imam
129:Al-Imam
125:Al-Imam
110:Sumatra
87:Al-Imam
81:History
48:Al-Imam
2160:Tabuik
2131:Suroan
2094:Rebana
2067:Maulid
2052:Kauman
2035:Hadroh
2028:Sarong
2018:Kupiah
1777:Banser
1685:PERSIS
1673:JATMAN
1169:Santri
1084:
1065:
1016:
988:
966:
923:
895:
880:Ayahku
864:
842:
793:
774:
392:, and
285:tariqa
269:taqlid
152:ulamas
133:da'wah
40:Padang
2264:LIPIA
2194:]
2177:]
2150:]
2138:]
2104:Saman
2047:]
2040:Khaul
1999:Tajug
1994:Bedug
1910:Post-
1690:PERTI
1489:Hamka
1450:Post-
1281:]
1252:Padri
1222:]
1210:]
876:Hamka
275:bidah
174:Issue
160:Hamka
2338:Aceh
2259:Kyai
2239:Iqro
1984:Adat
1822:Pre-
1082:ISBN
1063:ISBN
1014:ISBN
986:ISBN
964:ISBN
921:ISBN
893:ISBN
862:ISBN
840:ISBN
791:ISBN
772:ISBN
250:and
216:and
206:Java
100:and
388:in
328:in
292:).
2393::
2192:id
2175:id
2148:id
2136:id
2045:id
1279:id
1220:id
1208:id
789:.
727:^
700:^
661:^
610:^
595:^
556:^
529:^
514:^
497:^
431:.
220:.
170:.
120:.
1119:e
1112:t
1105:v
1090:.
1071:.
1022:.
994:.
972:.
929:.
901:.
870:.
848:.
799:.
780:.
288:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
