45:
324:, could take the initiative. In consequence Al-Muzaffar had to wait nine years before he could assume the title of Emir, and was only able to do so because a conference organised by Al-Mujahid at Tall Ajul near Gaza established the terms on which other Ayyubid rulers would recognise him. One of these terms was that Al-Mujahid should receive the fief of
307:
of Egypt. However, in
September 1237 (Muharram 635) the coalitionâs leader, Al-Ashraf of Damascus, died, leaving his allies dangerously exposed. Enlisting the help of Al Mujahidâs neighbour, Al-Muzaffar Mahmud of Hama, Al Kamil embarked on a military expedition to remove Al Mujahid from Homs. Al
239:
to punish the
Hospitallers for their constant raiding. The Ayyubid force laid siege to Tripoli, but eventually agreed to withdraw in return for the payment of tribute. In 1214-15 (611) both Al Mujahid of Homs and Al Mansur of Hama were threatened by a major incursion led by the Hospitallers, until
350:
and urging him to come and take power himself. In response, during April 1239 As-Salih Ayyub turned away from Homs and moved his forces south in preparation for an invasion of Egypt. As the threat receded, Al-Mujahid conspired with As-Salih Ayyubâs uncle, As-Salih Ismail, to take
Damascus and
345:
and persuaded him that he could usefully secure his position in Syria before attacking Egypt by removing Al-Mujahid from Homs. In March 1239 (Shaâban 636) As-Salih Ayyub set out with his forces to attack Homs, but soon after he received envoys from Egypt complaining of the rule of
253:
Al
Mujahid appears to have been an energetic military leader and he is recorded as having taken part in six major campaigns in which the various Ayyubid rulers combined their forces to attack external enemies. In a seventh major campaign the forces of Homs were led by his son,
266:
was successful in conquering territory, he would oblige the other
Ayyubid rulers to exchange their existing realms for new ones in Anatolia, leaving Al-Kamil in control of both Egypt and Syria. As a result, morale was low on the campaign, which was driven back by
359:
Before Al
Mujahid could benefit from the seizure of Damascus, he died in February 1240 (Rajab 637). He had ruled Homs for a remarkable 54 years, and during this time Homs was probably the most stable of the Ayyubid states. He was succeeded by his son
244:
put pressure on
Hospitallers to leave them alone. In 1229 or 1230 (627) al Mujahid was victorious over the Hospitallers of Krak des Chevalliers at the battle of Afnun, a village between Barâin and Hama, and many Franks were taken captive.
295:. Al Mujahid took part in the family conference held that year to try and resolve the differences between them. Some years later, in 1228-29 (626) he also took part in the siege of Damascus, which resulted in the removal of
226:, to repel Crusader raids and, on occasion, to make forays into Crusader territory. Thus in November 1197 (Muharram 594) Al Mujahid, together with Bahramshah of Baalbek and other emirs, sent forces to relieve the fortress of
234:
drew near. In May 1203 (Ramadan 599) Al
Mujahid was directed by the Sultan Al-Adil to support a campaign by Al Mansur of Hama to attack Krak des Chevalliers and in the spring of 1207 (603) he took part in a campaign led by
210:. The role of the emir of Hama was to prevent the Crusaders from raiding into northern Syria, despoiling the land, and threatening Aleppo or Damascus. Frequently Al-Mujahid worked together with his second cousins, the emir
230:, which was under siege from Crusader forces from the County of Tripoli. They were unable to drive the Franks off and the siege was not lifted until February 1198 (Rabiâ I 594) when an Egyptian army sent by the Sultan
328:. However, on taking control of the town, Al Mujahid built a great fortress nearby, which the ruler of Hama interpreted as a threat to him. This led to bad relations between the emirs, and when Al-Muzaffar joined
332:
of Egypt in a campaign to oust Al-Mujahid, the tensions between them broke out into open conflict. When Al-Kamil died Al-Mujahid attacked the territory of Hama, devastating the countryside and diverting both the
337:
and the canals which irrigated the fields around the city. However, he was unable to take the city, resulting in ongoing tensions and aggression between the two rulers for the remainder of their days.
308:
Kamil was only persuaded to desist from attacking Homs in return for a payment of 2 million dirhams. A few weeks later, Al Kamil suddenly died, on 11 March 1238 (23 Rajab 635).
587:
Runciman S. Hunyadi Z., Laszlovszky J., The
Crusades and the Military Orders: Expanding the Frontier of Medieval Latin Christianity, CEU Medievalia, 2001,p.72
560:
Runciman S. Hunyadi Z., Laszlovszky J., The
Crusades and the Military Orders: Expanding the Frontier of Medieval Latin Christianity, CEU Medievalia, 2001,p.71
551:
Runciman S. Hunyadi Z., Laszlovszky J., The Crusades and the Military Orders: Expanding the Frontier of Medieval Latin Christianity, CEU Medievalia, 2001,p.70
542:
Runciman S. Hunyadi Z., Laszlovszky J., The Crusades and the Military Orders: Expanding the Frontier of Medieval Latin Christianity, CEU Medievalia, 2001,p.70
524:
Runciman S. Hunyadi Z., Laszlovszky J., The Crusades and the Military Orders: Expanding the Frontier of Medieval Latin Christianity, CEU Medievalia, 2001,p.69
497:
Runciman S. Hunyadi Z., Laszlovszky J., The Crusades and the Military Orders: Expanding the Frontier of Medieval Latin Christianity, CEU Medievalia, 2001,p.68
488:
Runciman S. Hunyadi Z., Laszlovszky J., The Crusades and the Military Orders: Expanding the Frontier of Medieval Latin Christianity, CEU Medievalia, 2001,p.65
479:
Runciman S. Hunyadi Z., Laszlovszky J., The Crusades and the Military Orders: Expanding the Frontier of Medieval Latin Christianity, CEU Medievalia, 2001,p.65
443:
Runciman S. Hunyadi Z., Laszlovszky J., The Crusades and the Military Orders: Expanding the Frontier of Medieval Latin Christianity, CEU Medievalia, 2001,p.66
416:
Runciman S. Hunyadi Z., Laszlovszky J., The Crusades and the Military Orders: Expanding the Frontier of Medieval Latin Christianity, CEU Medievalia, 2001,p.62
968:
958:
963:
341:
In the diplomatic manoeuvres which followed the death of Al-Kamil, the emir of Hama, Al-Mujahidâs old foe Al-Muzaffar, allied himself with
1109:
615:
316:
In 1219 (616) there was a succession crisis in the neighbouring emirate of Hama when emir Al-Mansur Muhammad died. His second son,
303:. Some years later Al Mujahid was one of the leading elements of a coalition of Syrian Ayyubid rulers who sought to oust Sultan
190:. Al Mujahid became emir at the age of thirteen when his father died unexpectedly in Homs on 4 March 1186 (10 Dhuâl Hijja 581).
1104:
993:
392:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1094:
1084:
1018:
747:
1013:
918:
742:
300:
694:
659:
1099:
608:
167:
35:
1054:
838:
271:. The campaign of 1235 (633) was more successful, and Al-Mujahid joined Al-Kamil once again as they took
351:
divide the Syrian domains between them. Their forces took Damascus on 28 September 1239 (27 Safar 637).
506:
Humphreys, R.S. From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus 1193-1260, SUNY Press 1977 p.225-6
470:
Humphreys, R.S. From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus 1193-1260, SUNY Press 1977 p.135-6
44:
578:
Humphreys, R.S. From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus 1193-1260, SUNY Press 1977 p.257
569:
Humphreys, R.S. From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus 1193-1260, SUNY Press 1977 p.252
533:
Humphreys, R.S. From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus 1193-1260, SUNY Press 1977 p.237
515:
Humphreys, R.S. From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus 1193-1260, SUNY Press 1977 p.227
461:
Humphreys, R.S. From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus 1193-1260, SUNY Press 1977 p.133
452:
Humphreys, R.S. From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus 1193-1260, SUNY Press 1977 p.107
722:
434:
Humphreys, R.S. From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus 1193-1260, SUNY Press 1977 p.58
382:
288:
1028:
601:
17:
1089:
883:
624:
878:
873:
868:
321:
1059:
863:
823:
757:
684:
258:. However Al-Mujahidâs behaviour during the campaign of 1234 (631) into the lands of the
219:
171:
93:
54:
939:
8:
953:
207:
203:
973:
858:
732:
317:
928:
923:
893:
833:
388:
361:
255:
199:
103:
787:
259:
198:
Within the Ayyubid confederacy Hama was a marcher realm, bordering on the Crusader
628:
135:
593:
1033:
1023:
913:
798:
782:
762:
752:
737:
689:
679:
654:
342:
296:
292:
241:
231:
407:
Lane-Poole, S. The Mohammedan Dynasties, Constable & Co. London 1894, p.77
1048:
334:
287:
On the death of Saladin in 1193, there was a power struggle between his sons
71:
1003:
792:
145:
320:
succeeded in usurping power before his older brother, the rightful heir
1008:
998:
948:
904:
674:
347:
268:
211:
727:
664:
425:
Ibn Khallikanâs Biographical Dictionary Vol 1, Cosimo Inc. 2010 p.627
325:
236:
888:
708:
669:
329:
304:
263:
187:
75:
50:
984:
818:
717:
649:
215:
183:
179:
175:
130:
773:
636:
276:
272:
640:
227:
164:
63:
849:
809:
704:
223:
67:
262:
was quite remarkable. He spread a rumour that if Sultan
57:, Baghdad (1237). The red beard denotes foreigness.
623:
1046:
609:
387:. New York : Rizzoli. pp. 114â115.
380:
616:
602:
154:Al Malik Al-Mujahid Asad ad-Din Shirkuh II
43:
1047:
170:from 1186 to 1240. He was the son of
597:
311:
282:
125:February 1240 (aged 66–67)
193:
13:
248:
14:
1121:
178:and first cousin once removed of
23:Ayyubid Emir of Homs (1186â1240)
581:
572:
563:
554:
545:
536:
527:
518:
509:
500:
491:
482:
473:
1110:Muslims of the Barons' Crusade
464:
455:
446:
437:
428:
419:
410:
401:
381:Ettinghausen, Richard (1977).
374:
1:
367:
182:. His domains also included
172:An-Nasir Muhammad ibn Shirkuh
1105:Muslims of the Fifth Crusade
7:
1080:13th-century Ayyubid rulers
1075:12th-century Ayyubid rulers
1070:13th-century Kurdish people
1065:12th-century Kurdish people
10:
1126:
1095:13th-century Syrian people
1085:12th-century Syrian people
15:
982:
937:
902:
847:
807:
771:
703:
635:
141:
129:
121:
113:
109:
99:
89:
81:
62:
42:
33:
28:
354:
299:and the installation of
18:Mujahid (disambiguation)
889:al-Mu'ayyad Abu al-Fida
202:and close to the great
1029:SaĘżd al-Din al-Humaidi
884:al-Muzaffar III Mahmud
660:al-Mansur Nasir al-Din
318:An-Nasir Kilich Arslan
1100:Kurdish Sunni Muslims
879:al-Mansur II Muhammad
874:al-Muzaffar II Mahmud
869:al-Nasir Kilij Arslan
322:Al-Muzaffar II Mahmud
969:al-Muzaffar Sulaiman
864:al-Mansur I Muhammad
824:Muhammad ibn Shirkuh
758:al-Muazzam Turanshah
685:al-Muazzam Turanshah
168:Ayyubid emir of Homs
94:Muhammad ibn Shirkuh
55:Maqamat of al-Hariri
16:For other uses, see
1055:12th-century births
954:Tughtakin ibn Ayyub
819:Asad ad-Din Shirkuh
269:Ala ad-Din Kayqubad
208:Krak des Chevaliers
859:al-Muzaffar I Umar
312:Conflict with Hama
283:Internal struggles
220:Al-Mansur Muhammad
53:. Ayyubid period.
1042:
1041:
929:al-Kamil Muhammad
924:al-Muzaffar Ghazi
894:al-Afdal Muhammad
834:al-Mansur Ibrahim
394:978-0-8478-0081-0
362:Al-Mansur Ibrahim
256:Al-Mansur Ibrahim
200:County of Tripoli
151:
150:
104:Al-Mansur Ibrahim
1117:
788:al-Aziz Muhammad
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611:
604:
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378:
260:Sultanate of Rum
194:External threats
72:BÄdiyat Ash-ShÄm
49:The Governor of
47:
26:
25:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1019:as-Salih Ismail
994:Ibn al-Muqaddam
978:
974:al-Mas'ud Yusuf
959:al-Muizz Ismail
940:Yemen and Hejaz
933:
898:
843:
803:
767:
748:as-Salih Ismail
733:al-Mu'azzam Isa
699:
631:
629:Ayyubid dynasty
622:
592:
591:
586:
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314:
285:
251:
249:Major campaigns
196:
58:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1123:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1090:Kurdish rulers
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1034:an-Nasir Yusuf
1031:
1026:
1024:as-Salih Ayyub
1021:
1016:
1014:al-Ashraf Musa
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
990:
988:
980:
979:
977:
976:
971:
966:
964:an-Nasir Ayyub
961:
956:
951:
945:
943:
935:
934:
932:
931:
926:
921:
919:al-Ashraf Musa
916:
914:al-Awhad Ayyub
910:
908:
900:
899:
897:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
855:
853:
845:
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842:
841:
839:al-Ashraf Musa
836:
831:
826:
821:
815:
813:
805:
804:
802:
801:
799:an-Nasir Yusuf
796:
790:
785:
783:az-Zahir Ghazi
779:
777:
769:
768:
766:
765:
763:an-Nasir Yusuf
760:
755:
753:as-Salih Ayyub
750:
745:
743:al-Ashraf Musa
740:
738:an-Nasir Dawud
735:
730:
725:
720:
714:
712:
701:
700:
698:
697:
695:al-Ashraf Musa
692:
690:Shajar al-Durr
687:
682:
680:as-Salih Ayyub
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
655:al-Aziz Uthman
652:
646:
644:
633:
632:
621:
620:
613:
606:
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571:
562:
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393:
372:
371:
369:
366:
356:
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343:As-Salih Ayyub
313:
310:
297:an-Nasir Dawud
293:Al-Aziz Uthman
284:
281:
250:
247:
242:Az-Zahir Ghazi
232:Al-Aziz Uthman
195:
192:
174:, grandson of
149:
148:
143:
139:
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127:
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119:
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901:
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851:
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840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
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822:
820:
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814:
811:
806:
800:
797:
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791:
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764:
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681:
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634:
630:
626:
619:
614:
612:
607:
605:
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584:
575:
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503:
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476:
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458:
449:
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396:
390:
386:
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384:Arab painting
377:
373:
365:
363:
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349:
344:
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335:River Orontes
331:
327:
323:
319:
309:
306:
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73:
69:
65:
61:
56:
52:
46:
41:
38:
37:
32:
27:
19:
828:
793:Dayfa Khatun
583:
574:
565:
556:
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538:
529:
520:
511:
502:
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484:
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466:
457:
448:
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430:
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412:
403:
383:
376:
358:
340:
315:
286:
252:
206:fortress of
197:
160:
157:
153:
152:
36:Emir of Homs
34:
1060:1240 deaths
1004:Farrukhshah
987:(1175â1260)
942:(1173â1228)
907:(1180â1260)
852:(1175â1341)
812:(1175â1262)
776:(1177â1260)
711:(1174â1260)
643:(1171â1250)
204:Hospitaller
146:Sunni Islam
90:Predecessor
1049:Categories
1009:Bahramshah
999:Turan-Shah
949:Turan-Shah
905:Diyar Bakr
829:al-Mujahid
675:al-Adil II
368:References
348:Al-Adil II
212:Bahramshah
163:, was the
29:Al-Mujahid
983:Emirs of
938:Emirs of
903:Emirs of
848:Emirs of
808:Emirs of
772:Emirs of
728:al-Adil I
665:al-Adil I
326:Salamiyah
301:Al-Ashraf
237:Al-Adil I
100:Successor
85:1186â1240
795:(regent)
723:al-Afdal
709:Damascus
670:al-Kamil
330:Al-Kamil
305:Al-Kamil
289:Al-Afdal
264:Al-Kamil
188:ar-Rahba
142:Religion
76:Al-Rahba
51:al-Rahba
985:Baalbek
718:Saladin
650:Saladin
637:Sultans
627:of the
216:Baalbek
184:Palmyra
180:Saladin
176:Shirkuh
165:Kurdish
158:Shirkuh
136:Ayyubid
131:Dynasty
774:Aleppo
625:Rulers
391:
277:Harran
273:Edessa
705:Emirs
641:Egypt
355:Death
228:Toron
82:Reign
64:Malik
850:Hama
810:Homs
389:ISBN
291:and
275:and
224:Hama
218:and
186:and
122:Died
117:1173
114:Born
74:and
68:Homs
707:of
639:of
222:of
214:of
156:or
66:of
1051::
364:.
279:.
161:II
70:,
617:e
610:t
603:v
397:.
20:.
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