185:, in effect becoming the Caliph's chief minister and advisor. However, Fadl lacked the almost plenipotentiary powers over all affairs of government, as well as a free hand in choosing personnel that Harun had granted Yahya, and his remit was limited to a supervisory role over expenditure and in the handling of petitions, correspondence and execution of Caliph orders, commanding the Caliph's armies, drafting laws, dispensing justice, and generally managing the day-to-day running of the Caliphate, while the actual financial administration was entrusted to another official. He was mostly subordinate to the Caliph and consulted him in everything and could not have anything to do with the caliph's treasury or private matters, or exercise authority over everything and everyone at his will without considering the caliph's approval and decide something.
173:, "If Hārūn wanted to have someone brought to him secretly or to organize a test for someone he suspected of disloyalty, Fadl could be relied on to carry this out." Anecdotes from the court also serve to emphasize his "hard-headed, practical and somewhat unimaginative" (Kennedy) character, in stark contrast to the cultured
226:
Back in
Baghdad, Fadl remained Amin's leading advisor, but his role in the governance of the state seems to have been limited. Nevertheless, he was the leading figure among those in the Abbasid establishment who pressured Amin into reversing his father's succession plans, removing Ma'mun from his
284:
as caliph in the place of Ma'mun. However, when Ma'mun finally began to advance on
Baghdad, Ibrahim's support collapsed. Fadl re-emerged briefly from hiding during this time in support of Ibrahim, but when Ma'mun entered the capital in 819, he secured his pardon. During his last years, Fadl even
141:(servants, freedmen). Fadl effectively inherited his father's position at court, and benefited from the high esteem in which Harun al-Rashid held him: upon his accession, the Caliph placed Fadl in charge of his personal seal, and in 789/90 he was made head of the
214:. Amin, who had need of Fadl's experience, sent letters to him urging him to return to the capital, and to bring with him the treasury, which Harun had taken along, as well as the entire expeditionary army assembled to crush the rebellion. Harun's second heir,
272:, and Amin was executed. Ma'mun however remained in Khurasan and made no move to come to Baghdad, entrusting the governance of the Caliphate to Fadl ibn Sahl and his Khurasani friends. This provoked great resentment in Iraq, and when Ma'mun chose an
227:
place in the succession in favor of Amin's son Musa, and also as governor of
Khurasan. This policy increased the already existing polarization of the Abbasid elites between the two princes, with the Khurasani nobility, headed by Ma'mun's vizier,
293:
Despite his long and loyal service to the
Abbasids, Fadl's assessment by modern historians is negative, as he is considered the main instigator of the civil war through his machinations to remove Ma'mun from the succession. Thus
298:
calls him "an intriguer of mediocre personality and limited ability" who tried to use Amin's weak character for his own advantage, while
Kennedy sees in him the "evil genius" responsible for the destructive civil war.
231:, flocking to Ma'mun, whom they saw as the champion of their interests against the central government in Baghdad. The breach between the two sides was complete in November 810, when Amin dropped Ma'mun's name from the
265:, who were jealous of their pay and privileges, so that this project came to nothing. Seeing Amin's cause as lost, and with Ma'mun's troops approaching the capital, Fadl went into hiding.
243:, the situation became critical in Baghdad, where many began to accuse Amin of idleness and complacency and Fadl of inefficient leadership. As Ma'mun's general
644:
639:
218:, who was tasked with the governance of Khurasan, regarded the withdrawal of the entire army as a betrayal, and vainly tried to dissuade Fadl from this move.
177:, who until their sudden disgrace in 803 dominated the Abbasid court and government. Despite his apparently good personal relations to the Barmakid patriarch
285:
enjoyed a return to the Caliph's favour due to his long experience and loyal service to the
Abbasid house. He died in Baghdad in the spring of 823 or 824.
143:
181:, stories portray Fadl as the Barmakids' chief rival at court. Following the fall of the Barmakid family from power, Fadl succeeded Yahya as
152:
654:
649:
624:
565:
17:
524:
629:
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67:), whom he served as chamberlain and chief minister. Fadl played an important role as the chief instigator of the
269:
239:") between the two brothers. After Ma'mun's forces scored an unexpected victory over the caliphal army at the
258:
82:). After al-Ma'mun's victory he went into hiding, but eventually reconciled himself with the new ruler.
182:
517:
Encyclopædia
Iranica, Volume XV/1: Joči–Judeopersian communities of Iran V. Qajar period (1786-1925)
131:). Rabi's power relied on his control of the access of outsiders to the Caliph, as well as his
634:
508:
619:
614:
281:
235:. This led to a chain of mutual acts that resulted in the outbreak of open civil war (the "
8:
240:
103:. Rabi was a former slave who had risen to occupy the influential post of chamberlain (
593:
560:
546:
539:
520:
295:
193:
100:
42:
244:
228:
178:
169:
Utterly loyal to his master, Fadl served as Harun's trusted agent. In the words of
541:
When
Baghdad Ruled the Muslim World: The Rise and Fall of Islam's Greatest Dynasty
534:
512:
170:
147:(the "Bureau of Expenditure"). In 795/6 he was named to his father's old post of
46:
34:
578:
574:
306:
608:
597:
570:
254:
249:
232:
280:, as his heir, the old Abbasid elites of Baghdad rose up in 817 and raised
277:
236:
215:
96:
72:
68:
247:
advanced through Iran, Fadl tried to reinforce the
Baghdad troops (the
202:
197:
174:
110:
519:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 71–74.
303:
189:
121:
309:
from the 13th century claimed to have Fadl as a common ancestor.
221:
211:
207:
156:
57:
41:, 757/8–823/4), was one of the most influential officials of the
137:
105:
273:
268:
Baghdad fell to Ma'mun's forces in
September 813, after a
200:
in March 809. There Fadl had the army pledge allegiance (
188:
In 808, Fadl accompanied Harun in his expedition to
135:
leadership of the Caliph's numerous and influential
564:
538:
151:, reportedly after succeeding in finding the poet
606:
90:
71:, siding with al-Amin against his half-brother
222:Career under al-Amin and role in the civil war
645:9th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate
640:8th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate
411:
409:
407:
379:
377:
358:
356:
354:
584:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
69:civil war that erupted after Harun's death
592:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 730–731.
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14:
607:
418:
318:
253:) with levies from the Arab tribes of
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99:138 (757/8 CE), Fadl was the son of
196:, and was with him when he died at
38:
24:
261:, but they soon fell out with the
25:
666:
655:9th-century government officials
650:8th-century government officials
625:Viziers of the Abbasid Caliphate
545:. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press.
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13:
1:
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210:, who had remained behind in
155:, who had been exiled under
91:Career under Harun al-Rashid
85:
7:
476:Kennedy (2006), pp. 110–111
467:Kennedy (2006), pp. 100–110
10:
671:
630:People of the Fourth Fitna
500:
192:to suppress the revolt of
458:Kennedy (2006), pp. 97–99
449:Kennedy (2006), pp. 89–96
440:Kennedy (2006), pp. 86–89
392:Kennedy (2006), pp. 85–87
348:Kennedy (2006), pp. 31–33
18:Al-Fadl ibn al-Rabi'
494:Biran (2009), pp. 71–74
509:"JOVAYNI, ṢĀḤEB DIVĀN"
507:Biran, Michal (2009).
431:Sourdel (1965), p. 731
415:Kennedy (2006), p. 207
339:Sourdel (1965), p. 730
270:brutal year-long siege
566:"al-Faḍl b. al-Rabīʿ"
485:Kennedy (2006), p. 99
401:Kennedy (2006), p. 87
383:Kennedy (2006), p. 79
371:Kennedy (2006), p. 42
362:Kennedy (2006), p. 33
289:Assessment and legacy
282:Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi
31:Al-Fadl ibn al-Rabi
561:Sourdel, Dominique
206:) to Harun's heir
526:978-1-934283-14-1
296:Dominique Sourdel
194:Rafi ibn al-Layth
101:al-Rabi ibn Yunus
45:in the reigns of
43:Abbasid Caliphate
16:(Redirected from
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513:Yarshater, Ehsan
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245:Tahir ibn Husayn
229:al-Fadl ibn Sahl
179:Yahya ibn Khalid
165:
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144:diwan al-Nafaqat
130:
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119:
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109:) under caliphs
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171:Hugh N. Kennedy
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47:Harun al-Rashid
39:الفضل بن الربيع
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164: 785–786
129: 775–785
118: 754–775
92:
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80: 813–833
65: 809–813
54: 786–809
27:Abbasid vizier
26:
9:
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250:abna al-dawla
246:
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241:Battle of Ray
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233:Friday prayer
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19:
635:Chamberlains
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278:Ali al-Ridha
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237:Fourth Fitna
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148:
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104:
94:
30:
29:
620:820s deaths
615:750s births
579:Schacht, J.
575:Pellat, Ch.
609:Categories
588:Volume II:
313:References
598:495469475
571:Lewis, B.
216:al-Ma'mun
175:Barmakids
111:al-Mansur
86:Biography
73:al-Ma'mun
581:(eds.).
563:(1965).
537:(2006).
257:and the
190:Khurasan
153:Ibn Jami
133:de facto
122:al-Mahdi
95:Born in
515:(ed.).
501:Sources
304:Persian
212:Baghdad
208:al-Amin
157:al-Hadi
58:al-Amin
596:
577:&
549:
523:
259:Jazira
203:bay'ah
183:vizier
120:) and
56:) and
35:Arabic
569:. In
511:. In
263:abna′
255:Syria
149:hajib
138:mawla
106:hajib
594:OCLC
547:ISBN
521:ISBN
302:The
274:Alid
590:C–G
198:Tus
166:).
611::
586:.
573:;
420:^
406:^
376:^
353:^
320:^
276:,
162:r.
127:r.
116:r.
97:AH
78:r.
63:r.
52:r.
37::
600:.
555:.
529:.
159:(
124:(
113:(
75:(
60:(
49:(
33:(
20:)
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