Akali movement - Knowledge

820: 647: 897: 719: 908:. The gurdwara was controlled by Udasi mahants including Pala Ram, the brother of Narain Das (who was responsible for the Nankana massacre). The mahant agreed to transfer the control of the gurdwara to SGPC, after being offered a pension. However, in August 1923, when the Akalis decided to eject the Udasi tenants housed in the gurdwara premises, they faced considerable resistance. On 4 December 1923, a group of Akalis damaged a mahant's residence attached to the shrine. The police arrested 11 Akalis following a complaint. In December, the Government recognized the SGPC as the manager of the gurdwara, but also ordered the Akalis to follow the legal process for ejecting the Udasi mahants out of the premises. On 1 January 1924, an Akali jatha forcibly took the possession of the property occupied by Pala Ram. Around 34 Akalis were arrested by the police for this action on the next day. In subsequent days, a number of Akali 575: 614: 29: 389:

composition, expressed in a large gathering at the Golden Temple on 16 November 1920 attended by over 10,000 Sikhs, the committee in charge of the Golden Temple was reformulated with 175 members to form a managing committee for all gurdwaras. The government, publicly pursuing a policy of neutral non-interference though still managing to have some appointees on the committee, allowed the new committee, and in December 1920 the committee was named the Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, or SGPC, which coordinated the activities of Akali

571:. The mahant's conduct had been widely condemned by the local congregation, though the large revenue from the gurdwara estates insulated him from public pressure. With the movement gaining momentum, public meetings passed resolutions condemning his conduct, and worried about being ousted by the Akalis, he turned to the government for help. When the government did not respond, Narain Das made his own arrangements, preemptively fortifying the premises and hiring approximately 80 mercenaries. 202: 153: 606:." The attending politicians utilized widespread anti-government feelings to exhort the Sikhs to join the national noncooperation movement, which was supported by a resolution passed by the SGPC in May 1921 appealing to Sikhs to begin civil disobedience. As the Sikh reformers were now aligned with the national movement, colonial administrators began to rethink its position on non-interference in gurdwara management and acceptance of the increasing control of the SGPC. 3844: 489: 3836: 7196: 7188: 6862: 6851: 4834: 543: 689:, or vault, to the committee, as he represented government control over the temple's treasures and artifacts. The government would take possession of the keys in November, when Sunder Singh would seek the advice of the Deputy Commissioner, who sent his subordinate Lala Amar Nath to take the keys. which prompted the SGPC to accuse the government of meddling in Sikh affairs, and appeal to Akali 130: 970:, or Sikh dagger, and black turbans traditionally signalling revolt, and penalties against publishers, editors, and presses supportive of the movement. The movement found support from almost all sections of the Sikh community, especially the peasantry, artisans, laborers, ex-soldiers, and emigrants returning from abroad. 567:. The gurdwara was under the control of a mahant called Narain Das, who was accused of allowing immoral activities in the temple premises, including licentiousness and the misappropriation of gurdwara funds. One of the clergymen at the gurdwara had allegedly raped the 13-year-old daughter of a Hindu devotee from 637:

from a moving press throughout Jalandhar and Hoshiarpur from August 1922 to May 1923, and in 1923 committed a series of political assassinations; they were declared unlawful in August 1923 and in under a year most Babbar Akali leaders would be arrested or killed. Those arrested would be tried in 1925

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during that time forced them to yield control of Sikh institutions to those without external identifiers; the Khalsa would subsequently focus on political power resulting in the Sikh Empire. The main aim of the Akali movement was to have the Sikh gurdwaras released from the control of the traditional

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The conflict between the Sikhs and the government also lead to the consolidation of ties between the Akalis and noncooperation leaders, and the allegations of government interference in religious affairs began to affect the public opinion of Sikh soldiers, disbanded soldiers, and peasantry, on which

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had been sympathetic to the Akali and the Indian nationalist cause, but was deposed by the British Government, made to abdicate to his minor son on 9 July 1923. The SGPC held protest meetings, and on 4 August resolved to take up the cause, condemning the act in a meeting at Jaito on 25 August. When

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two weeks prior had also been beaten. The next day, the Sikhs from the surrounding villages took control of the Gurdwara, and a managing committee appointed by the SGPC. Following this, the Akalis led by Kartar Singh then took control of five more gurdwaras, including the Gurdwara Guru ka Bagh near

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was under the control of Mahant Mitha Singh. Singh allowed sale of cigarettes inside the gurdwara, and was disliked by the Sikhs. The Akalis led by Kartar Singh Jhabbar took control of the gurdwara on 20 November 1920. However, the local Hindus, who also frequented the gurdwara for worship, opposed

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In 1925, after further demands and protests from SGPC, a new "Sikh Gurdwara Bill" was introduced in the Punjab Legislative Assembly on 7 May and adopted in July. It came into force on 1 November 1925, and awarded the control of all the historical shrines to SGPC. A tribunal was set up to judge the

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Gandhi's propaganda makes its appeal mainly to the urban classes, which lack both the stamina and physical courage to oppose successfully even small bodies of police; the Akali campaign is essentially a rural movement, and its followers are men of fine physique with a national history of which the

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to the gurdwara daily. Over 200 volunteers were arrested by August 25, and by October 19 over 2,450 would be arrested by authorities. As continuous waves of Akalis kept arriving, the authorities began to use violent methods, being declared an unlawful assembly, as bands of 50 to 100, and sometimes

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would react against the killing of the Nankana massacre, attempting assassinations against officials held responsible for the killings, as well as their native supporters. Arrests of the militant leaders would follow, but the Babbar Akali Jatha, founded in August 1922 with the aim of defending the

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Akalis headed to Nankana upon hearing the news in the thousands, and access to the gurdwara was restricted by the government, though eventually conceded. The British Government, finding itself under immense political pressure, agreed to transfer the control of the gurdwara to the Akalis on 3 March

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By this time, an estimated 30,000 people had been arrested by the British Government; over 400 had been killed and another 2,000 had been injured during the movement. The movement fueled the anti-British Government feeling among the Sikhs. It also led to an anti-Hindu sentiment among a section of

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The Government meanwhile launched a "Gurdwara Bill" to facilitate the settlement of the gurdwara disputes. The Bill provided setting up a Board of Commissioners for the management of the gurdwaras. However, the SGPC objected to the Government's right to appoint the Board members, and the bill was

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The Akali movement was started in 1920 by the Central Sikh League's political wing, the Akali Dal, which was founded in Amritsar in December 1920 and assisted the SGPC. The term Akali derives from the word Akal ("timeless" or "immortal") used in the Sikh scriptures. The movement was named for the

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of the SGPC on 17 January 1922, and agreed to the unconditional release of all Sikhs arrested, the number of whom had been increasing up to that point. As Sikh concerns were now linked with the wider non-cooperation movement, Gandhi would telegraph the SGPC in January 1922 with "Congratulations,

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and considered to be fighting for independence and Sikh rule, with six hangings in February 1926. Several organizations, including the Central Sikh League, would issued appeals to raise funds for the families of those killed and hanged, and they would be celebrated in poetry and literature.

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To pacify these sentiments, the colonial Punjab Government appointed a provisional committee of 36 members, entirely from Sikh landed aristocrat families, to formulate proposals regarding the operation of the Golden Temple. Following the Central Sikh League's disapproval of the committee's

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The Akalis warned the government that denying Sikhs the right to gather fuel for the community kitchen was to deliberately undermine their faith, and the arrests drew more Akali volunteers to the site, with the SGPC launching a campaign to send non-violent Akali

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The most notable conflict between the Akalis and the colonial government, highlighting the larger problem of private resource management of gurdwaras, occurred in August 1922 at the Guru-ka-Bagh ("garden of the guru") shrine 12 miles from Amritsar near

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of 500 Akalis, seen off from Amritsar by a crowd of 30,000, was sent to mark the third anniversary of the Nankana massacre, and was fired upon by on the command of British administrators in Nabha, with about 300 injured, resulting in about 100 deaths.

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In October 1921, the SGPC executive committee passed a resolution asking Sunder Singh Ramgharia, a mahant previously appointed by the government who subsequently assumed a position as an SGPC secretary, to relinquish the keys of the Golden Temple's

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arrangement. However, in March 1921, the mahant reneged on the agreement, forcibly occupying the committee's office and destroying its records. A year later in August 1922, Akali volunteers chopped wood on land to fuel the fires of the gurdwara's

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Harnam Singh. She initially resisted the takeover of the gurdwara by the Akalis, as it was her only source of income, but relented after she was offered a pension. The control of the gurdwara was then transferred to an elected committee headed by

525:(Sikh prayer) and declared that the gurdwara was now under their control. Henchmen employed by the mahants attacked the Akalis with crude bombs and bricks while the latter were sleeping. Two Akalis were killed and several wounded, and a 5233: 508:

this takeover. Around 5–6 thousand of them surrounded the gurdwara on the night of the Akali takeover, but were dispersed by the police. Nevertheless, the gurdwara was later successfully brought under the authority of the SGPC.

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had them arrested for theft at the encouragement of the authorities, provoking a major struggle with the Akalis, who contended that the mahant could not claim private possession of the property, as it belonged to the Sikh

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As the British authorities came to see the Akali movement to be a movement to overthrow the British and therefore to be suppressed, in addition to the casualties and arrests, there had been confiscation of properties and

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Amid the ongoing agitations, the SGPC urged the British Government to release the protestors and legalize its control of the gurdwaras. On 1 May 1921, the influential Sikh leaders passed a resolution for launching a

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first decisive battle for India's freedom won." The government's attitude toward the Akalis would grow more contentious by midyear however, as the Akalis would begin to consider independence as their best option.

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places of worship) in India during the early 1920s. The movement led to the introduction of the Sikh Gurdwara Bill in 1925, which placed all the historical Sikh shrines in India under the control of

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in the temple premises, urging the Sikhs to give up the caste-based restrictions and reform the gurdwaras. On 28 June 1920, the Golden Temple came under the control of an elected committee called

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faith and political independence, would make overtures to ex-soldiers and the Akali reformers, as well as to Hindus and Muslims who opposed the authorities. They issued 15 issues of the

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and the Governor of the Punjab province visited the site, accompanied by a number of Sikh and Hindu leaders. Gandhi sympathized with the Sikhs and said that the Mahant had "out-Dyered

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under the control of representatives of the Sikh community (accomplished in November 1920 by negating government control through refusing government grants), liberating gurdwaras from

534:. The British, believing that gurdwara control could be contested in court, did not like the control of gurdwaras passing under the control of committees appointed by the SGPC. 718: 426:

s (clergymen) or managers appointed by the Governors. The Udasis had come to control Sikh shrines in the eighteenth century during the period of increased persecution of the

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in a general meeting in Lahore in March 1919 formed the Central Sikh League in March 1919, which was formally inaugurated in December of that year. In its periodical, the

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Sunder Das over the control of the site had resulted in the mahant keeping his position, though as part of a managing committee that would supervise him, similar to the

519:, a Hindu reform movement some of whose leaders had criticized Sikhism. A group of 40 Akalis, led by Kartar Singh, arrived at the gurdwara on 25 January 1921, performed 857:

from the Akal Takht to Jaito to complete the ceremony. The SGPC and Akali Dal were declared to be unlawful organizations on 12 October 1923, with the 60 members of the

646: 574: 893:. Nehru and others were arrested during one such march. Finally, the Government of Punjab relented and agreed to transfer the control of the gurdwara to the Akalis. 786:, visiting the site in September 1922, was shocked at the administration's brutality, describing Akali tactics as "a new lesson in moral warfare." He protested to 896: 5087: 3878: 3035: 844:. Subsequently, several marches were organized in support of the agitation. The protesters were arrested, beaten and shot at by the police at various instances. 701:

colonial stability depended, and the threat of a major civil disobedience at the beginning of 1922. To prevent unrest, the government relented, handing over the

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urged the Hindus to join the Sikhs in the struggle for taking control of the gurdwaras from mahants with personal interests. On 11 May, a number of Akali

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declared its support for the Akali agitation in at the special Congress Session in Delhi. The Akalis were then joined by several non-Sikhs, including

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would wane after Gandhi's release in February 1924 as he wanted to separate the political issue of independence from religion. Christian missionary

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s staged demonstrations at the site. A total of 5,251 persons were arrested for the demonstrations, and 3,092 of these were sent to the prison.

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control, and encouraging Sikhs to participate in the independence movement, lending support to the non-cooperation movement in October 1919.

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The Akalis then took control of the Gurdwara Sacha Sauda at Chuhar Kana (in present-day Pakistan). They then turned their attention to the

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in April 1919 during the course of the national independence movement, subsequent words of support from Arur Singh, the head priest of the

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Shahidi Jatha ('Band of Martyrs') from Shanghai involved in the Jaito Morcha (agitation) marching through a village, July–August 1925

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When a jatha of over 100 Sikh made an unscheduled trip to Nankana on 20 February 1921 without any intention yet of taking it, the

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Written message to Sikhs of Lyallpur district by Teja Singh Samundri requesting them to reach Nankana Sahib, ca.1921

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to meet at Amritsar and organize protest meetings. The government would in response affix their own locks to the

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newspaper article reporting on the events of the Guru-Ka-Bagh Morcha (Guru-Ka-Bagh movement) on 9 September 1922

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movement. The next day, a Sikh-Hindu conference was organized during the Punjab Congress Provincial Congress at

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Sikhs, who identified the pro-Udasi mahants such as Narain Das and their supporters with the Hindu community.

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Sikh casualties admitted to hospital during the Akali movement (Gurdwara reform movement) of the early 1920's

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Religion and Nationalism in India: The Case of the Punjab (Routledge Studies in the Modern History of Asia)

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National Non-cooperation leaders rallied to the cause by making speeches at the site, though support from

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of retired soldiers reached the site, which was deemed by the government to be potentially destabilizing.

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ceremony, the SGPC condemned the act and resolved to fight for the Sikh right of free worship, sending

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martial characteristics have been purposely kept alive both by Government and by the Sikhs themselves.

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guards of the Mahant opened fire without warning, killing 130 people in what came to be known as the

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By the early 20th century, a number of Sikh gurdwaras in British India were under the control of the

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to be transferred from the government to an elected representative body of Sikhs answerable to the

341: 3419: 930:'s civil disobedience movement. A 1921 memorandum signed by D. Petrie, the Assistant Director of 811:. All the Sikh and the Hindu members opposed the bill, but it was passed by 41 votes to 31 votes. 7230: 7225: 7170: 6886: 6353: 6323: 6060: 6040: 5875: 5784: 5507: 5497: 5487: 5477: 4675: 4670: 4613: 4388: 4373: 4148: 3921: 3808: 3785: 3383: 2895: 2870: 2505: 2308: 2133: 2108: 2015: 1993: 697:

in defiance, escalating the situation, and Akali protestors were arrested and given punishments.

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postponed. In On 17 November 1922, the "Sikh Gurdwaras and Shrines Bill" was introduced in the

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A section of Akalis rejected the peaceful methods adopted by SGPC, and formed the breakaway

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committee arrested for treason against the Crown, though the members were replaced and the

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D. Petrie, Secret CID Memorandum on Recent Developments in Sikh Politics (11 August 1921)

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While the Jaitu agitation was on, the Akalis also sought the control of the gurdwara at

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the SGPC launched an agitation, its leaders and members were arrested on the charge of

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Sikh Gurdwara Bill (1925) places historical Sikh shrines in India under the control of

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The garrison state: the military, government and society in colonial Punjab 1849–1947

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of Akali volunteers marching to Guru-ka-Bagh on 25 October 1922 during the movement

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The British Government considered the Akali movement to be a greater threat than

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In 1923, the Akalis made plans to bring under their control Gurdwara Gangsar at

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over 200 Akalis would take blows in non-violent resistance. On October 25, a

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to seize the control of the gurdwaras using violent methods. Some Akalis and

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s were asked to proceed to designated gurdwaras to take over their control.

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converts to offer prayers in the shrine. Kartar Singh Jhabbar walked to the

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Gurdwara Reform Movement, 1919–1925, an era of Congress-Akali collaboration

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were completed on 6 August 1925, establishing the right to free worship.

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Photograph of a Sikh crowd during the Akali movement, ca.1921–1922

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The Sikhs of the Punjab (The New Cambridge History of India II.3)

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Gurbakhsh Rai Sethi; Baron William Malcolm Hailey Hailey (1927).

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Peasants in India's non-violent revolution: practice and theory

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Photograph of a Sikh Jatha during the Akali movement, ca.1920's

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circles, and increased Sikh urgency to reclaim control of the

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The Central Sikh League demanded the administration of the

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In 1921, the Akalis turned their focus to the gurdwara at

76:) and Government-appointed managers to elected Sikh bodies 2690: 1705: 1257: 1642: 1640: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1632: 1619: 1617: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1607: 1605: 1603: 1601: 1519: 1517: 1515: 1255: 1253: 1251: 1249: 1247: 1245: 1243: 1241: 1239: 1237: 1433: 1107: 1105: 1103: 1101: 1099: 1097: 1084: 1082: 1044: 1042: 1040: 1038: 1036: 1034: 1032: 610:

1921. Narain Das and 26 of his henchmen were arrested.

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disputes, and all the Akali prisoners were released.

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The Gurdwara Reform Movement and the Sikh Awakening

277: 1569: 1368: 1194: 814: 435:clergy, which had become powerful and ritualized. 320:against the British Government, and supported the 3886: 1352:Encyclopaedia Indica: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh 1215: 1117: 1008: 985: 983: 438:The non-violent movement began in 1920, with the 397:Akalis, a Khalsa militant order from the time of 7207: 5405: 1456: 1297:Harajindara Singha Dilagira; A. T. Kerr (1995). 1775: 1691:. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 130. 1657: 1655: 1548: 1546: 1544: 1542: 1540: 1538: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1290: 1054: 454:. It was under the control of the widow of the 1403: 1273: 993:. All India Congress Committee. Archived from 980: 889:(later the first Prime Minister of India) and 6834: 5391: 4747: 3872: 2724: 1860: 1478: 1345: 1343: 1060: 1652: 1529: 1412: 1349: 1321: 1267: 1211: 1209: 466:The next major target of the Akalis was the 6947:Pakistan Sikh Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee 6848: 4761: 1427: 1276:The Akali struggle: a retrospect (Volume 1) 1148: 1142: 6957:Haryana Sikh Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee 6841: 6827: 5906:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association 5398: 5384: 4754: 4740: 3937:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association 3879: 3865: 2731: 2717: 1867: 1853: 1756: 1680: 1552: 1450: 1340: 835:. The erstwhile Maharaja (ruler) of Nabha 740:. The struggle between the Akalis and the 27: 3040:List of battles involving the Sikh Empire 1484: 1408:. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. 1397: 1206: 6952:Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee 1218:The Indian army and the making of Punjab 964:, fines, court-martials for wearing the 895: 818: 717: 645: 612: 573: 563:, the birthplace of the first Sikh Guru 541: 487: 301:, was a campaign to bring reform in the 7221:1925 disestablishments in British India 6942:Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee 1419:Sikh Cultural Centre, Calcutta (2005). 1315: 1173: 641: 483:Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee 311:Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee 125:Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee 104:Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee 7208: 1792: 1723: 1711: 1646: 1623: 1523: 1261: 1220:. Orient Blackswan. pp. 213–218. 1111: 1088: 1048: 6822: 5379: 4735: 3860: 2712: 1848: 915: 412: 7216:1920 establishments in British India 1816: 1592: 1391: 1200: 1136: 1023: 847:With the disruption of a subsequent 401:which had risen to prominence under 316:The Akalis also participated in the 1780:. Ashoka International Publishers. 1180:. Bloomsburg Academic. p. 86. 537: 13: 6932:All India Sikh Students Federation 1733: 1177:Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed 1174:Mandair, Arvind-Pal Singh (2013). 14: 7262: 1742:Sikh struggle for Gurdwara reform 1666:. M.D. Publications. p. 64. 1485:Mukherjee, Mridula (2004-09-22). 7194: 7186: 6917:Shiromani Akali Dal (Democratic) 6860: 6849: 5600:Muslim nationalism in South Asia 5116:Intelligence Bureau for the East 4832: 3843: 3842: 3834: 3645:Sikhs in the British Indian Army 1434:Clinton Herbert Loehlin (1958). 1406:The Akali struggle: a retrospect 801: 270: 200: 151: 128: 7241:Nonviolent resistance movements 6998:Sant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale 5840:Provisional Government of India 5212:Provisional Government of India 3835: 2738: 2686:Contemporary Sant Mat movements 1687:Bakhshish Singh Nijjar (1996). 815:Jaito and Bhai Pheru agitations 713: 405:, one of the commanders of the 6897:Shiromani Akali Dal (Longowal) 6892:Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar) 3739:Sikhism and sexual orientation 1436:The Sikhs and their scriptures 1167: 16:Former campaign within Sikhism 1: 6927:Shiromani Akali Dal (Sanyukt) 6912:Shiromani Akali Dal (Panthic) 5252:Indian Political Intelligence 5217:Hindu–German Conspiracy Trial 5106:Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg 4706:Howrah-Sibpur Conspiracy case 4701:Hindu–German Conspiracy Trial 3888:Indian Revolutionary Movement 1662:Surinder Singh Johar (1998). 1557:. Concept. pp. 171–179. 1153:. Hemkunt Press. p. 13. 973: 874:continued to Jaito until 101 736:, built to mark a visit from 513:Gurdwara Sri Tarn Taran Sahib 65:Transferring control of Sikh 6449:Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari 5725:Chauri Chaura incident, 1922 5407:Indian independence movement 5340:Ingress into India Ordinance 5192:Lahore Conspiracy Case trial 5078:Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari 4777:Indian independence movement 4716:Lahore Conspiracy Case trial 4569:Thakur Zorawar Singh Barhath 4379:Pandurang Sadashiv Khankhoje 3979:Abinash Chandra Bhattacharya 1689:History of the United Panjab 327: 318:Indian independence movement 250:400 killed, >2000 injured 7: 6639:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya 6026:Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty 4691:Delhi Conspiracy Commission 4604:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya 4564:Thakur Kesari Singh Barhath 4274:Kunwar Pratap Singh Barhath 1874: 1464:. SUNY Press. p. 175. 1151:The encyclopedia of Sikhism 809:Punjab Legislative Assembly 593: 499:Next, the Akalis headed to 10: 7267: 6374:Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi 5926:Indian Independence League 5643:Partition of Bengal (1947) 5638:Partition of Bengal (1905) 4399:Pradyot Kumar Bhattacharya 3963:Workers and Peasants Party 3099:British East India Company 1555:Freedom Movement in Punjab 1462:Indian critiques of Gandhi 1216:Rajit K. Mazumder (2003). 919: 552: 7246:Protests in British India 7184: 7111: 6965: 6922:Shiromani Akali Dal Delhi 6869: 6765: 6664: 6549:Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi 6349:Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi 6169: 6046:Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar 5966: 5921:Indian Home Rule movement 5863: 5760:Fourteen Points of Jinnah 5700:Jallianwala Bagh massacre 5628: 5565: 5413: 5355:Jallianwala Bagh massacre 5335:Defence of India Act 1915 5322: 5232: 5161: 5098: 5013: 4948: 4841: 4830: 4769: 4658: 4627: 4234:Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee 4129:Chittapriya Ray Chaudhuri 3971: 3894: 3832: 3794: 3565: 3525: 3511:Treaty of Amritsar (1846) 3491:Treaty of Amritsar (1809) 3483: 3457: 3440:Johann Martin Honigberger 3397: 3299:Chattar Singh Attariwalla 3191: 3184: 3148: 3076: 3050: 3018: 2985: 2952: 2909: 2801: 2792: 2746: 2701: 2578: 2322: 2200: 2132: 2014: 1964: 1895: 1882: 1063:Akali movement, 1926–1947 665:Jagat Guru Shankaracharya 367:Jallianwala Bagh massacre 244: 239: 226:>30,000 courted arrest 220: 215: 173: 168: 114: 109: 98: 80: 69:from traditional clergy ( 61: 49: 41: 26: 21: 7023:Harcharan Singh Longowal 6788:Indian annexation of Goa 6634:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar 6146:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar 5911:Indian National Congress 5710:Non-cooperation movement 5051:Amarendranath Chatterjee 4721:Rodda company arms heist 4599:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar 3501:Treaty of Chushul (1842) 3496:Tripartite Treaty (1838) 1776:M. L. Ahluwalia (1985). 1491:. SAGE. pp. 35–36. 1278:. Atlantic. p. 20. 883:Indian National Congress 342:Khalsa College, Amritsar 322:non-cooperation movement 299:Gurdwara Reform Movement 7171:Operation Black Thunder 6887:Haryana State Akali Dal 6793:Indian Independence Act 6379:Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan 6354:Jatindra Mohan Sengupta 6324:Dukkipati Nageswara Rao 6061:Kandukuri Veeresalingam 6041:Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai 5876:All-India Muslim League 5830:Royal Air Force strikes 5795:Round table conferences 5785:Chittagong armoury raid 5675:Hindu–German Conspiracy 5658:Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy 5428:Porto Grande de Bengala 4763:Hindu–German Conspiracy 4676:Chittagong Armoury Raid 4671:Barisal Conspiracy Case 4614:Vishwanath Vaishampayan 4389:Pramod Ranjan Choudhury 4374:Pandurang Mahadev Bapat 4304:Manoranjan Bhattacharya 4149:Ganesh Damodar Savarkar 3922:Communist Consolidation 3506:Treaty of Lahore (1846) 3384:Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana 2309:Samadhi of Ranjit Singh 1423:. Sikh Cultural Centre. 1404:Mohinder Singh (1988). 1274:Mohinder Singh (1988). 7129:Punjab State Agitation 7073:Prem Singh Chandumajra 6978:Sardul Singh Caveeshar 6579:Syama Prasad Mukherjee 6484:Purushottam Das Tandon 5850:Praja Mandala movement 5664:The Indian Sociologist 5202:Silk Letter Conspiracy 4394:Pratul Chandra Ganguli 4109:Binod Bihari Chowdhury 3927:Dhaka Anushilan Samiti 3902:Abhinav Bharat Society 3339:Ajit Singh Sandhawalia 3324:Mangal Singh Ramgarhia 3314:Ranjodh Singh Majithia 3294:Sher Singh Attariwalla 3289:Sham Singh Attariwalla 3185:Officials and warriors 3094:Emirate of Afghanistan 3000:Battle of Chillianwala 2225:Darbar Sahib Kartarpur 1974:Beliefs and principles 1438:. Lucknow Pub. House. 1354:. Anmol Publications. 1326:. Sage. p. 1935. 1065:. Omsons. p. 16. 1061:Raghbir Singh (1997). 947: 901: 891:Kasturiranga Santhanam 824: 751:free community kitchen 728: 651: 618: 579: 550: 496: 182:Sunder Singh Lyallpuri 55:Punjab (British India) 7098:Rajinder Kaur Bhattal 7063:Gurcharan Singh Tohra 7053:Sundar Singh Majithia 7043:Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa 6937:Rashtriya Sikh Sangat 6803:Political integration 6544:Shyamji Krishna Varma 6329:Gopal Krishna Gokhale 6274:Bhupendra Kumar Datta 6106:Rettamalai Srinivasan 6066:Mahadev Govind Ranade 5871:All India Kisan Sabha 5835:Coup d'état of Yanaon 5735:Qissa Khwani massacre 5720:Coolie-Begar movement 5535:Second Anglo-Sikh War 4988:Abhinash Bhattacharya 4787:Shyamji Krishna Varma 4686:Delhi conspiracy case 4640:Bande Mataram (Paris) 4504:Shyamji Krishna Varma 4469:Sachindra Nath Sanyal 4434:Ram Chandra Bharadwaj 4369:Panchanan Chakraborty 4319:Mohan Kishore Namadas 4254:Krishnaji Gopal Karve 4089:Bhupendra Kumar Datta 4074:Bhagwati Charan Vohra 3953:Naujawan Bharat Sabha 3677:Fariduddin Ganjshakar 3420:François Henri Mouton 3410:Jean-Baptiste Ventura 3249:Khushal Singh Jamadar 3036:Panchayati Revolution 3032:Hill States–Sikh Wars 2987:Second Anglo-Sikh War 2299:Qila Mubarak, Patiala 1817:Deol, Harnik (2000). 1350:S. S. Shashi (1996). 1322:Tai Yong Tan (2005). 936: 922:Gurdwaras Act of 1925 899: 822: 794:sell the land to Sir 721: 649: 623:Babbar Akali movement 616: 577: 547:Gurdwara Janam Asthan 545: 491: 240:Casualties and losses 189:Buta Singh Lyallpuri 85:Nonviolent resistance 7149:1984 anti-Sikh riots 7119:Singh Sabha movement 7068:Simranjit Singh Mann 7003:Surjit Singh Barnala 6629:Veeran Sundaralingam 6584:Tara Rani Srivastava 6519:Sahajanand Saraswati 6409:Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi 6294:Chandra Shekhar Azad 6199:Alluri Sitarama Raju 6156:Vitthal Ramji Shinde 6111:Sahajanand Saraswati 6031:Gopal Ganesh Agarkar 5931:Indian National Army 5775:Dharasana Satyagraha 5680:Champaran Satyagraha 5530:First Anglo-Sikh War 5234:Counter-intelligence 4609:Vishnu Ganesh Pingle 4499:Shrish Chandra Ghosh 4259:Kartar Singh Sarabha 4124:Chandra Shekhar Azad 4119:Chempakaraman Pillai 4114:Bipin Behari Ganguli 4069:Bhagwan Singh Gyanee 4044:Basanta Kumar Biswas 3999:Anant Laxman Kanhere 3994:Alluri Sitarama Raju 3958:Paris Indian Society 3458:Influential families 3415:Claude Auguste Court 3405:Jean-François Allard 3319:Surat Singh Majithia 3309:Lehna Singh Majithia 3114:Hill States Alliance 2967:Battle of Ferozeshah 2954:First Anglo-Sikh War 2674:Akhand Kirtani Jatha 2652:Piara Singh Bhaniara 2531:United Arab Emirates 2269:Hazuri Bagh Baradari 1999:Cannabis and Sikhism 1149:H. S Singha (2000). 642:Resistance movements 505:Gurdwara Panja Sahib 493:Gurdwara Panja Sahib 444:Kartar Singh Jhabbar 332:Sikh leaders of the 178:Kartar Singh Jhabbar 7144:Operation Blue Star 7134:Anandpur Resolution 7078:Partap Singh Kairon 7058:Gian Singh Rarewala 7033:Lachhman Singh Gill 7018:Parkash Singh Badal 7013:Sukhbir Singh Badal 6993:Jagjit Singh Chohan 6882:Shiromani Akali Dal 6614:V. K. Krishna Menon 6559:Subhas Chandra Bose 6444:Muhammad Ali Jinnah 6439:Mohammad Ali Jauhar 6334:Govind Ballabh Pant 6314:Dayananda Saraswati 6239:Bal Gangadhar Tilak 6036:Gopal Hari Deshmukh 6016:Dhondo Keshav Karve 6011:Dayananda Saraswati 6006:Bal Gangadhar Tilak 5981:A. Vaidyanatha Iyer 5494:Anglo-Maratha Wars 5309:W. Somerset Maugham 4983:Bhupendranath Datta 4859:Pandurang Khankhoje 4559:Tarakeswar Sengupta 4554:Tarakeswar Dastidar 4474:Santosh Kumar Mitra 4404:Prem Krishna Khanna 4229:Jnanendra Das Gupta 4214:Jadugopal Mukherjee 4159:Gaya Prasad Katiyar 4094:Bhupendranath Datta 3749:Idolatry in Sikhism 3667:Nanakshahi calendar 3662:Sikh Light Infantry 3304:Amar Singh Majithia 3239:Mahan Singh Mirpuri 3030:, Katoch–Sikh War, 1757:Teja Singh (2010). 1714:, pp. 162–163. 1553:S C Mittal (1977). 762:, or congregation. 7236:History of Sikhism 7166:Operation Woodrose 7161:Khalistan movement 7139:Dharam Yudh Morcha 6798:Partition of India 6644:Yashwantrao Holkar 6609:V. O. Chidamabaram 6564:Subramania Bharati 6494:Rahul Sankrityayan 6479:Pritilata Waddedar 6389:Shri Krishna Singh 6289:C. Rajagopalachari 6279:Bidhan Chandra Roy 6264:Bhavabhushan Mitra 6249:Begum Hazrat Mahal 6204:Annapurna Maharana 6076:Muthulakshmi Reddy 6021:G. Subramania Iyer 5715:Christmas Day Plot 5590:Indian nationalism 5540:Sannyasi rebellion 5438:East India Company 5330:Lawrence of Arabia 5314:East Persia Cordon 5197:Christmas Day Plot 5036:Bhavabhushan Mitra 4681:Christmas Day Plot 4509:Sohan Singh Bhakna 4479:Satyendranath Bosu 4439:Ramakrishna Biswas 4409:Pritilata Waddedar 4359:Nirmal Jibon Ghosh 4344:Narendra Mohan Sen 4339:Munsha Singh Dukhi 4299:Manmath Nath Gupta 4204:Hemchandra Kanungo 4199:Harnam Singh Saini 4194:Hari Kishan Talwar 4179:Hare Krishna Konar 4099:Bhavabhushan Mitra 4019:Atul Krishna Ghosh 3984:Ambika Chakrabarty 3650:11th Sikh Regiment 3465:Sandhawalia family 3379:Sultan Mahmud Khan 3364:Jarnail Ghaus Khan 3349:Sangat Singh Saini 3244:Dewan Mokham Chand 3119:Kingdom of Mankera 2995:Battle of Ramnagar 2939:Battle of Peshawar 2934:Battle of Nowshera 2811:Battle of Bhangani 2289:Nanak Shahi bricks 2192:Tav-Prasad Savaiye 1984:Sikh Rehat Maryada 1979:Guru Maneyo Granth 916:Sikh Gurdwara Bill 902: 831:(or Jaito) in the 825: 729: 657:passive resistance 652: 619: 580: 551: 497: 413:Initial agitations 297:, also called the 207:Governor of Punjab 186:Tehal Singh Dhanju 7203: 7202: 7176:Punjab insurgency 6973:Master Tara Singh 6816: 6815: 6783:Republic of India 6619:Vallabhbhai Patel 6604:Ubaidullah Sindhi 6504:Ram Prasad Bismil 6399:M. Bhaktavatsalam 6359:Jatindra Nath Das 6284:Bipin Chandra Pal 6219:Babu Kunwar Singh 6189:Achyut Patwardhan 5946:Khudai Khidmatgar 5790:Gandhi–Irwin Pact 5730:Kakori conspiracy 5690:Rowlatt Committee 5653:Direct Action Day 5615:Swadeshi movement 5595:Khilafat Movement 5585:Hindu nationalism 5545:Rebellion of 1857 5468:Anglo-Mysore Wars 5458:Battle of Plassey 5373: 5372: 5350:Rowlatt Committee 5121:Max von Oppenheim 5073:Ubaidullah Sindhi 5056:Atulkrishna Ghosh 4891:Baba Gurdit Singh 4812:Alipore Bomb Case 4729: 4728: 4711:Kakori conspiracy 4666:Alipore Bomb case 4444:Ram Prasad Bismil 4364:Pandit Kanshi Ram 4354:Niranjan Sengupta 4289:Madan Lal Dhingra 4219:Jatindra Nath Das 3912:Bengal Volunteers 3854: 3853: 3535:Bandi Chhor Divas 3519: 3518: 3453: 3452: 3425:Alexander Gardner 3344:Kahan Singh Nakai 3329:Akali Phula Singh 3209:Diwan Bhawani Das 3046: 3045: 2977:Battle of Sobraon 2929:Battle of Shopian 2414:Jammu and Kashmir 2314:Well of Dina Nath 2142:Guru Granth Sahib 1955:Guru Granth Sahib 1950:Guru Gobind Singh 1945:Guru Tegh Bahadur 1830:978-0-415-20108-7 1768:978-1-177-78853-3 1698:978-81-7156-534-4 1673:978-81-7533-073-3 1664:Holy Sikh Shrines 1498:978-0-7619-9686-6 1471:978-0-7914-5910-2 1361:978-81-7041-859-7 1333:978-0-7619-3336-6 1308:978-0-9695964-1-7 1227:978-81-7824-059-6 1187:978-1-4411-0231-7 1160:978-81-7010-301-1 1072:978-81-7117-163-7 934:, Punjab states: 707:Baba Kharak Singh 678:("Keys Campaign") 461:Baba Kharak Singh 403:Akali Phula Singh 399:Guru Gobind Singh 263: 262: 259: 258: 235: 234: 164: 163: 7258: 7198: 7190: 7088:Giani Zail Singh 6907:United Akali Dal 6902:Akali Dal (1920) 6864: 6853: 6843: 6836: 6829: 6820: 6819: 6808:Simla Conference 6599:Tiruppur Kumaran 6569:Subramaniya Siva 6524:Sangolli Rayanna 6514:Rash Behari Bose 6454:Nagnath Naikwadi 6364:Jawaharlal Nehru 6309:Dadabhai Naoroji 6304:Chittaranjan Das 6194:A. K. Fazlul Huq 6116:Savitribai Phule 5941:Khaksar movement 5896:Berlin Committee 5881:Anushilan Samiti 5845:Independence Day 5805:Aundh Experiment 5780:Vedaranyam March 5685:Kheda Satyagraha 5670:Singapore Mutiny 5453:Portuguese India 5400: 5393: 5386: 5377: 5376: 5187:Singapore mutiny 5083:Sufi Amba Prasad 4998:Herambalal Gupta 4973:M. P. T. Acharya 4950:Berlin Committee 4865:Hindustan Ghadar 4836: 4817:Delhi Conspiracy 4802:Anushilan Samiti 4756: 4749: 4742: 4733: 4732: 4650:Jugantar Patrika 4645:Hindustan Ghadar 4594:Veer Bhai Kotwal 4539:Suniti Choudhury 4494:Shivaram Rajguru 4464:Sachindra Bakshi 4454:Rash Behari Bose 4414:Pulin Behari Das 4329:M. P. T. Acharya 4169:Guran Ditt Kumar 4054:Batukeshwar Dutt 4034:Baikuntha Shukla 4009:Anantahari Mitra 3917:Berlin Committee 3907:Anushilan Samiti 3881: 3874: 3867: 3858: 3857: 3846: 3845: 3838: 3837: 3774:Punjabi language 3734:Women in Sikhism 3274:Balbhadra Kunwar 3234:Hari Singh Nalwa 3224:Misr Diwan Chand 3214:Diwan Buta Singh 3189: 3188: 3129:Barakzai dynasty 3104:Kingdom of Nepal 3058:Sikh Khalsa Army 3010:Battle of Gujrat 2972:Battle of Aliwal 2944:Battle of Jamrud 2924:Battle of Multan 2919:Battle of Attock 2911:Afghan–Sikh wars 2803:Mughal-Sikh Wars 2799: 2798: 2733: 2726: 2719: 2710: 2709: 2590:Sects of Sikhism 2556:Northern Ireland 2284:Moti Bagh Palace 2259:Bahadurgarh Fort 1957:(Sikh holy book) 1940:Guru Har Krishan 1869: 1862: 1855: 1846: 1845: 1841: 1839: 1837: 1813: 1789: 1772: 1753: 1727: 1721: 1715: 1709: 1703: 1702: 1684: 1678: 1677: 1659: 1650: 1644: 1627: 1621: 1596: 1590: 1567: 1566: 1550: 1527: 1521: 1510: 1509: 1507: 1505: 1482: 1476: 1475: 1458:Harold G. Coward 1454: 1448: 1447: 1431: 1425: 1424: 1416: 1410: 1409: 1401: 1395: 1389: 1366: 1365: 1347: 1338: 1337: 1319: 1313: 1312: 1299:Akal Takht Sahib 1294: 1288: 1287: 1271: 1265: 1259: 1232: 1231: 1213: 1204: 1198: 1192: 1191: 1171: 1165: 1164: 1146: 1140: 1134: 1115: 1109: 1092: 1086: 1077: 1076: 1058: 1052: 1046: 1027: 1021: 1006: 1005: 1003: 1002: 987: 945: 887:Jawaharlal Nehru 753:, for which the 598:Two days later, 588:Nankana massacre 555:Nankana massacre 549:at Nankana Sahib 538:Nankana massacre 296: 295: 292: 291: 288: 285: 282: 279: 276: 246: 245: 222: 221: 205: 204: 156: 155: 132: 116: 115: 31: 19: 18: 7266: 7265: 7261: 7260: 7259: 7257: 7256: 7255: 7206: 7205: 7204: 7199: 7180: 7107: 7008:Amarinder Singh 6961: 6865: 6847: 6817: 6812: 6773:Cabinet Mission 6761: 6665:British leaders 6660: 6649:Yogendra Shukla 6554:Siraj ud-Daulah 6509:Rani Lakshmibai 6499:Rajendra Prasad 6489:R. Venkataraman 6434:Mithuben Petit‎ 6414:Mahadaji Shinde 6394:Lala Lajpat Rai 6229:Bahadur Shah II 6214:Ashfaqulla Khan 6184:Accamma Cherian 6179:Abul Kalam Azad 6171: 6165: 6136:Syed Ahmad Khan 6126:Sister Nivedita 6091:Pandita Ramabai 6086:Niralamba Swami 6051:J. B. Kripalani 5976:Ashfaqulla Khan 5968: 5962: 5901:Ghadar Movement 5859: 5740:Flag Satyagraha 5648:Revolutionaries 5630: 5624: 5567: 5561: 5463:Battle of Buxar 5409: 5404: 5374: 5369: 5318: 5294:William Wiseman 5242:W. C. Hopkinson 5228: 5157: 5094: 5068:Mahmud al-Hasan 5009: 4993:Mahendra Pratap 4944: 4876:Ghadar Movement 4837: 4828: 4765: 4760: 4730: 4725: 4654: 4623: 4619:Yogendra Shukla 4514:Sohanlal Pathak 4429:Rajendra Lahiri 4349:Niralamba Swami 4309:Matangini Hazra 4014:Ashfaqulla Khan 3967: 3890: 3885: 3855: 3850: 3828: 3790: 3561: 3521: 3520: 3515: 3479: 3470:Majithia family 3449: 3430:Paolo Avitabile 3393: 3374:Fakir Azizuddin 3284:Mehta Basti Ram 3204:Diwan Dina Nath 3180: 3144: 3124:Namgyal dynasty 3072: 3051:Military forces 3042: 3014: 3005:Siege of Multan 2981: 2962:Battle of Mudki 2948: 2905: 2794: 2788: 2764:Nau Nihal Singh 2742: 2737: 2697: 2582:and communities 2581: 2574: 2318: 2304:Ramgarhia Bunga 2215:Harmandir Sahib 2196: 2128: 2010: 2006:Diet in Sikhism 1960: 1891: 1878: 1873: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1810: 1769: 1744:. Union press. 1736: 1734:Further reading 1731: 1730: 1722: 1718: 1710: 1706: 1699: 1685: 1681: 1674: 1660: 1653: 1645: 1630: 1622: 1599: 1591: 1570: 1551: 1530: 1522: 1513: 1503: 1501: 1499: 1483: 1479: 1472: 1455: 1451: 1432: 1428: 1421:The Sikh review 1417: 1413: 1402: 1398: 1390: 1369: 1362: 1348: 1341: 1334: 1320: 1316: 1309: 1295: 1291: 1272: 1268: 1260: 1235: 1228: 1214: 1207: 1199: 1195: 1188: 1172: 1168: 1161: 1147: 1143: 1135: 1118: 1110: 1095: 1087: 1080: 1073: 1059: 1055: 1047: 1030: 1022: 1009: 1000: 998: 989: 988: 981: 976: 946: 943: 924: 918: 837:Ripudaman Singh 817: 804: 788:Edward MacLagan 716: 680: 644: 596: 557: 540: 468:Harmandir Sahib 415: 330: 273: 269: 251: 227: 211: 210: 199: 196: 191: 188: 184: 180: 160: 150: 146: 136: 127: 123: 57: 37: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7264: 7254: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7231:1920s protests 7228: 7226:1920s in India 7223: 7218: 7201: 7200: 7192:Portal:Sikhism 7185: 7182: 7181: 7179: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7157: 7156: 7146: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7124:Akali movement 7121: 7115: 7113: 7109: 7108: 7106: 7105: 7103:Amritpal Singh 7100: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7075: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7050: 7045: 7040: 7038:Manmohan Singh 7035: 7030: 7025: 7020: 7015: 7010: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6969: 6967: 6963: 6962: 6960: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6873: 6871: 6867: 6866: 6846: 6845: 6838: 6831: 6823: 6814: 6813: 6811: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6769: 6767: 6763: 6762: 6760: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6668: 6666: 6662: 6661: 6659: 6658: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6589:Tarak Nath Das 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6539:Shuja-ud-Daula 6536: 6531: 6529:Sarojini Naidu 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6474:Prafulla Chaki 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6419:Mahatma Gandhi 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6175: 6173: 6167: 6166: 6164: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6141:Vakkom Moulavi 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6071:Mahatma Gandhi 6068: 6063: 6058: 6056:Jyotirao Phule 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5996:B. R. Ambedkar 5993: 5988: 5986:Ayya Vaikundar 5983: 5978: 5972: 5970: 5964: 5963: 5961: 5960: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5867: 5865: 5861: 5860: 5858: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5815:Cripps Mission 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5705:Noakhali riots 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5634: 5632: 5626: 5625: 5623: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5571: 5569: 5568:and ideologies 5563: 5562: 5560: 5559: 5552: 5550:Radcliffe Line 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5525:Vellore Mutiny 5522: 5517: 5516: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5492: 5491: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5419: 5417: 5411: 5410: 5403: 5402: 5395: 5388: 5380: 5371: 5370: 5368: 5367: 5365:Tōyama Mitsuru 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5345:Sidney Rowlatt 5342: 5337: 5332: 5326: 5324: 5323:Related topics 5320: 5319: 5317: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5299:Charles Tegart 5296: 5291: 5286: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5247:John Wallinger 5244: 5238: 5236: 5230: 5229: 5227: 5226: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5171: 5165: 5163: 5159: 5158: 5156: 5155: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5131:von Bernstorff 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5102: 5100: 5099:German figures 5096: 5095: 5093: 5092: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5017: 5015: 5014:Indian figures 5011: 5010: 5008: 5007: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4954: 4952: 4946: 4945: 4943: 4942: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4908:Bhai Parmanand 4905: 4900: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4871:Ghadar di gunj 4868: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4845: 4843: 4839: 4838: 4831: 4829: 4827: 4826: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4773: 4771: 4767: 4766: 4759: 4758: 4751: 4744: 4736: 4727: 4726: 4724: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4662: 4660: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4652: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4631: 4629: 4625: 4624: 4622: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4584:V. V. S. Aiyar 4581: 4579:Ullaskar Dutta 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4549:Tarak Nath Das 4546: 4541: 4536: 4534:Sukhdev Thapar 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4384:Prafulla Chaki 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4239:Kanailal Dutta 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4144:Durgawati Devi 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4084:Bhai Parmanand 4081: 4079:Bhai Balmukund 4076: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3975: 3973: 3969: 3968: 3966: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3898: 3896: 3892: 3891: 3884: 3883: 3876: 3869: 3861: 3852: 3851: 3833: 3830: 3829: 3827: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3800: 3798: 3792: 3791: 3789: 3788: 3783: 3782: 3781: 3771: 3766: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3720: 3719: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3653: 3652: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3571: 3569: 3563: 3562: 3560: 3559: 3554: 3553: 3552: 3542: 3537: 3531: 3529: 3523: 3522: 3517: 3516: 3514: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3487: 3485: 3481: 3480: 3478: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3461: 3459: 3455: 3454: 3451: 3450: 3448: 3447: 3445:Henry Lawrence 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3401: 3399: 3395: 3394: 3392: 3391: 3389:Sohan Lal Suri 3386: 3381: 3376: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3195: 3193: 3186: 3182: 3181: 3179: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3152: 3150: 3146: 3145: 3143: 3142: 3140:Maqpon Dynasty 3137: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3089:Durrani Empire 3086: 3080: 3078: 3074: 3073: 3071: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3054: 3052: 3048: 3047: 3044: 3043: 3024:Nepal–Sikh War 3022: 3020: 3016: 3015: 3013: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2991: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2980: 2979: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2958: 2956: 2950: 2949: 2947: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2915: 2913: 2907: 2906: 2904: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2853: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2807: 2805: 2796: 2790: 2789: 2787: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2750: 2748: 2744: 2743: 2736: 2735: 2728: 2721: 2713: 2707: 2705: 2699: 2698: 2696: 2695: 2694: 2693: 2683: 2678: 2677: 2676: 2671: 2669:Damdami Taksal 2661: 2656: 2655: 2654: 2644: 2643: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2586: 2584: 2576: 2575: 2573: 2572: 2571: 2570: 2560: 2559: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2536:United Kingdom 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2427: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2370: 2369: 2359: 2354: 2349: 2344: 2339: 2334: 2328: 2326: 2320: 2319: 2317: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2255: 2254: 2253: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2206: 2204: 2198: 2197: 2195: 2194: 2189: 2187:Sukhmani Sahib 2184: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2152:Sarbloh Granth 2149: 2144: 2138: 2136: 2130: 2129: 2127: 2126: 2121: 2116: 2111: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2029:Sikh practices 2026: 2020: 2018: 2012: 2011: 2009: 2008: 2003: 2002: 2001: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1970: 1968: 1962: 1961: 1959: 1958: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1937: 1932: 1930:Guru Hargobind 1927: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1901: 1899: 1893: 1892: 1883: 1880: 1879: 1872: 1871: 1864: 1857: 1849: 1843: 1842: 1829: 1814: 1808: 1790: 1773: 1767: 1761:. Nabu Press. 1754: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1726:, p. 163. 1716: 1704: 1697: 1679: 1672: 1651: 1649:, p. 161. 1628: 1626:, p. 160. 1597: 1568: 1528: 1526:, p. 164. 1511: 1497: 1477: 1470: 1449: 1426: 1411: 1396: 1367: 1360: 1339: 1332: 1314: 1307: 1289: 1266: 1264:, p. 159. 1233: 1226: 1205: 1193: 1186: 1166: 1159: 1141: 1116: 1114:, p. 158. 1093: 1091:, p. 157. 1078: 1071: 1053: 1051:, p. 162. 1028: 1007: 978: 977: 975: 972: 941: 928:Mahatma Gandhi 920:Main article: 917: 914: 816: 813: 803: 800: 715: 712: 679: 676:Morcha Chabian 673: 643: 640: 600:Mahatma Gandhi 595: 592: 553:Main article: 539: 536: 495:at Hasan Abdal 414: 411: 329: 326: 324:against them. 267:Akali movement 261: 260: 257: 256: 254: 252: 249: 242: 241: 237: 236: 233: 232: 230: 228: 225: 218: 217: 213: 212: 197: 192: 175: 174: 171: 170: 166: 165: 162: 161: 149: 147: 139: 137: 119: 112: 111: 107: 106: 100: 96: 95: 89:demonstrations 82: 78: 77: 63: 59: 58: 53: 51: 47: 46: 43: 39: 38: 32: 24: 23: 22:Akali movement 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7263: 7252: 7251:1920 in India 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7213: 7211: 7197: 7193: 7189: 7183: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7155: 7154:Wall of Truth 7152: 7151: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7116: 7114: 7110: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6970: 6968: 6964: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6874: 6872: 6870:Organisations 6868: 6863: 6859: 6856: 6852: 6844: 6839: 6837: 6832: 6830: 6825: 6824: 6821: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6770: 6768: 6764: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6669: 6667: 6663: 6657: 6656: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6534:Satyapal Dang 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6459:Nana Fadnavis 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6424:Mangal Pandey 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6384:Khudiram Bose 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6299:Chetram Jatav 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6269:Bhikaiji Cama 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6259:Bharathidasan 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6244:Basawon Singh 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6176: 6174: 6168: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6131:Sri Aurobindo 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6101:Ram Mohan Roy 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6081:Narayana Guru 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5973: 5971: 5965: 5959: 5958: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5868: 5866: 5864:Organisations 5862: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5825:Bombay Mutiny 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5810:Indian Legion 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5750:1928 Protests 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5695:Rowlatt Bills 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5665: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5635: 5633: 5627: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5572: 5570: 5564: 5558: 5557: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5495: 5493: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5470: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5420: 5418: 5416: 5412: 5408: 5401: 5396: 5394: 5389: 5387: 5382: 5381: 5378: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5327: 5325: 5321: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5289:Vincent Kraft 5287: 5285: 5284: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5272:Robert Nathan 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5257:Basil Thomson 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5239: 5237: 5235: 5231: 5225: 5224: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5207:Kabul Mission 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5182:February plot 5180: 5178: 5177: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5166: 5164: 5160: 5154: 5153: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5136:George Rodiek 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5103: 5101: 5097: 5091: 5090: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5063: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5031:Sachin Sanyal 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5018: 5016: 5012: 5006: 5005: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4947: 4941: 4940: 4936: 4934: 4933:Agnes Smedley 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4923:Vishnu Pingle 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4903:Bhagwan Singh 4901: 4899: 4898: 4897:Komagata Maru 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4866: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4846: 4844: 4840: 4835: 4825: 4824: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4792:Bhikaiji Cama 4790: 4788: 4785: 4782: 4778: 4775: 4774: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4757: 4752: 4750: 4745: 4743: 4738: 4737: 4734: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4696:Ghadar Mutiny 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4663: 4661: 4657: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4635:Bande Mataram 4633: 4632: 4630: 4626: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4519:Sri Aurobindo 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4484:Satish Sardar 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4294:Mahavir Singh 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4279:Kushal Konwar 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4269:Khudiram Bose 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4244:Kalpana Datta 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4224:Jiban Ghoshal 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4189:Harigopal Bal 4187: 4185: 4184:Haridas Dutta 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4049:Basawon Singh 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3976: 3974: 3970: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3899: 3897: 3895:Organizations 3893: 3889: 3882: 3877: 3875: 3870: 3868: 3863: 3862: 3859: 3849: 3841: 3831: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3814:Kesgarh Sahib 3812: 3810: 3809:Damdama Sahib 3807: 3805: 3802: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3793: 3787: 3784: 3779: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3761: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3718: 3715: 3714: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3657:Sikh Regiment 3655: 3651: 3648: 3647: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3564: 3558: 3555: 3551: 3548: 3547: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3524: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3488: 3486: 3482: 3476: 3475:Tiwana family 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3462: 3460: 3456: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3435:Josiah Harlan 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3402: 3400: 3396: 3390: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3279:Jawahar Singh 3277: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3254:Zorawar Singh 3252: 3250: 3247: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3196: 3194: 3190: 3187: 3183: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3166:Harkishangarh 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3153: 3151: 3147: 3141: 3138: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3084:Mughal Empire 3082: 3081: 3079: 3075: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3055: 3053: 3049: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3028:Sino-Sikh war 3025: 3021: 3017: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2984: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2951: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2908: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2896:Gurdas Nangal 2894: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2871:Chappar Chiri 2869: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2800: 2797: 2791: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2751: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2734: 2729: 2727: 2722: 2720: 2715: 2714: 2711: 2706: 2704: 2700: 2692: 2689: 2688: 2687: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2666: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2659:Agrahari Sikh 2657: 2653: 2650: 2649: 2648: 2645: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2592: 2591: 2588: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2580:Groups, sects 2577: 2569: 2568:U.S. Military 2566: 2565: 2564: 2563:United States 2561: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2538: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2411: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2368: 2365: 2364: 2363: 2360: 2358: 2355: 2353: 2350: 2348: 2345: 2343: 2340: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2330: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2321: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2280: 2279:Khanda museum 2277: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2251: 2250:North America 2248: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2232: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2212: 2211: 2208: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2199: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2131: 2125: 2122: 2120: 2117: 2115: 2112: 2110: 2107: 2105: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2079:Three Pillars 2077: 2075: 2074:Antam Sanskar 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2064:Amrit Sanchar 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2013: 2007: 2004: 2000: 1997: 1996: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1989:The 52 Hukams 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1963: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1915:Guru Amar Das 1913: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1902: 1900: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1881: 1877: 1870: 1865: 1863: 1858: 1856: 1851: 1850: 1847: 1832: 1826: 1822: 1821: 1815: 1811: 1809:9781316025338 1805: 1801: 1800: 1795: 1794:Grewal, J. S. 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1774: 1770: 1764: 1760: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1738: 1737: 1725: 1720: 1713: 1708: 1700: 1694: 1690: 1683: 1675: 1669: 1665: 1658: 1656: 1648: 1643: 1641: 1639: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1625: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1602: 1595:, p. 80. 1594: 1589: 1587: 1585: 1583: 1581: 1579: 1577: 1575: 1573: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1549: 1547: 1545: 1543: 1541: 1539: 1537: 1535: 1533: 1525: 1520: 1518: 1516: 1500: 1494: 1490: 1489: 1481: 1473: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1453: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1430: 1422: 1415: 1407: 1400: 1394:, p. 79. 1393: 1388: 1386: 1384: 1382: 1380: 1378: 1376: 1374: 1372: 1363: 1357: 1353: 1346: 1344: 1335: 1329: 1325: 1318: 1310: 1304: 1300: 1293: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1270: 1263: 1258: 1256: 1254: 1252: 1250: 1248: 1246: 1244: 1242: 1240: 1238: 1229: 1223: 1219: 1212: 1210: 1203:, p. 86. 1202: 1197: 1189: 1183: 1179: 1178: 1170: 1162: 1156: 1152: 1145: 1139:, p. 78. 1138: 1133: 1131: 1129: 1127: 1125: 1123: 1121: 1113: 1108: 1106: 1104: 1102: 1100: 1098: 1090: 1085: 1083: 1074: 1068: 1064: 1057: 1050: 1045: 1043: 1041: 1039: 1037: 1035: 1033: 1026:, p. 81. 1025: 1020: 1018: 1016: 1014: 1012: 997:on 2011-12-11 996: 992: 986: 984: 979: 971: 969: 968: 963: 962: 955: 951: 940: 935: 933: 929: 923: 913: 911: 907: 898: 894: 892: 888: 884: 879: 877: 873: 868: 865:continued. A 864: 860: 856: 852: 851: 845: 843: 838: 834: 830: 821: 812: 810: 802:Gurdwara Bill 799: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 776: 774: 769: 763: 761: 756: 752: 747: 743: 739: 735: 726: 725: 720: 711: 708: 704: 698: 696: 692: 688: 687: 677: 672: 670: 666: 662: 658: 648: 639: 636: 635: 632:Babbar Akali 628: 624: 615: 611: 607: 605: 601: 591: 589: 585: 576: 572: 570: 566: 562: 561:Nankana Sahib 556: 548: 544: 535: 533: 528: 524: 523: 518: 514: 509: 506: 502: 494: 490: 486: 484: 480: 476: 473: 469: 464: 462: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 436: 433: 432:Mughal Empire 429: 425: 424: 420: 410: 408: 404: 400: 394: 392: 386: 384: 380: 376: 372: 371:Golden Temple 368: 364: 360: 359: 354: 353:Golden Temple 349: 347: 343: 339: 335: 325: 323: 319: 314: 312: 308: 304: 300: 294: 268: 255: 253: 248: 247: 243: 238: 231: 229: 224: 223: 219: 214: 209: 208: 203: 195: 190: 187: 183: 179: 172: 167: 159: 154: 148: 145: 142: 138: 135: 131: 126: 122: 118: 117: 113: 108: 105: 101: 97: 94: 90: 86: 83: 79: 75: 72: 68: 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 44: 40: 35: 30: 25: 20: 7191: 7123: 7083:Gurnam Singh 7028:Gurnam Singh 6988:Swaran Singh 6983:Baldev Singh 6877:Ghadar Party 6778:Constitution 6766:Independence 6653: 6624:Vanchinathan 6254:Bhagat Singh 6209:Annie Besant 6170:Independence 6151:Vinoba Bhave 5955: 5951:Swaraj Party 5855:Lucknow Pact 5765:Purna Swaraj 5755:Nehru Report 5662: 5566:Philosophies 5554: 5520:Polygar Wars 5448:French India 5433:Dutch Bengal 5423:Colonisation 5360:Pan-Asianism 5281: 5277:Kirpal Singh 5222: 5175: 5169:Annie Larsen 5151: 5088: 5060: 5046:Pritam Singh 5003: 4968:A. R. Pillai 4938: 4918:Kartar Singh 4895: 4863: 4822: 4628:Publications 4589:Vanchinathan 4459:Roshan Singh 4419:P. V. Kurian 4314:Mohit Moitra 4284:Lokenath Bal 4154:Ganesh Ghosh 4139:Dinesh Gupta 4064:Bhagat Singh 4004:Ananta Singh 3932:Ghadar Party 3786:Sacred trees 3567:Other topics 3540:Hola Mohalla 3369:Ilahi Bakhsh 3229:Diwan Mulraj 3219:Pratap Singh 3176:Zorawar Fort 2831:2nd Anandpur 2826:1st Anandpur 2784:Duleep Singh 2759:Kharak Singh 2754:Ranjit Singh 2647:Mazhabi Sikh 2506:South Africa 2274:Kesgarh Qila 2220:Janam Asthan 2202:Architecture 2147:Dasam Granth 2114:Charhdi Kala 1994:Prohibitions 1935:Guru Har Rai 1920:Guru Ram Das 1834:. Retrieved 1819: 1798: 1777: 1758: 1741: 1719: 1707: 1688: 1682: 1663: 1554: 1502:. Retrieved 1487: 1480: 1461: 1452: 1435: 1429: 1420: 1414: 1405: 1399: 1351: 1323: 1317: 1298: 1292: 1275: 1269: 1217: 1196: 1176: 1169: 1150: 1144: 1062: 1056: 999:. Retrieved 995:the original 965: 959: 956: 952: 948: 937: 925: 909: 903: 880: 876:akhand paths 875: 871: 866: 862: 859:Jaito Morcha 858: 854: 848: 846: 826: 805: 791: 784:C.F. Andrews 777: 772: 767: 764: 754: 745: 741: 730: 722: 714:Guru-ka-Bagh 705:keys to the 702: 699: 694: 690: 684: 681: 675: 668: 653: 631: 620: 608: 597: 581: 558: 526: 520: 510: 498: 465: 450:gurdwara in 447: 437: 421: 416: 395: 390: 387: 375:General Dyer 356: 350: 345: 337: 331: 315: 298: 266: 264: 198: 193: 176: 169:Lead figures 7093:Beant Singh 6722:Mountbatten 6344:Hemu Kalani 6224:Bagha Jatin 6161:Vivekananda 5916:India House 5800:Act of 1935 5575:Ambedkarism 5443:British Raj 5267:Vernon Kell 5146:Niedermayer 5026:Rash Behari 5021:Bagha Jatin 4978:Barkatullah 4913:Ram Chandra 4854:Sohan Singh 4797:India House 4574:Udham Singh 4334:Mukundi Lal 4324:Motilal Roy 4264:Kishori Lal 4249:Kalyani Das 4209:Hemu Kalani 4039:Banwari Lal 4029:Bagha Jatin 4024:Badal Gupta 3942:India House 3824:Patna Sahib 3819:Hazur Sahib 3354:Hukma Singh 3269:Gulab Singh 3199:Dhian Singh 3171:Lahore Fort 3161:Multan Fort 3156:Jamrud Fort 3109:Qing Empire 3077:Adversaries 3063:Fauj-i-Khas 2740:Sikh Empire 2703:Sikh Empire 2681:Singh Sabha 2610:Nanakpanthi 2521:Switzerland 2511:South Korea 2471:New Zealand 2466:Netherlands 2337:Afghanistan 2167:Japji Sahib 2099:The Five Ks 2094:Vand Chhako 2059:Anand Karaj 1724:Grewal 1998 1712:Grewal 1998 1647:Grewal 1998 1624:Grewal 1998 1524:Grewal 1998 1504:17 December 1262:Grewal 1998 1112:Grewal 1998 1089:Grewal 1998 1049:Grewal 1998 850:Akhand Path 833:Nabha State 724:The Tribune 501:Hasan Abdal 448:Babe di Ber 407:Sikh Empire 379:Singh Sabha 334:Singh Sabha 194:Narain Das 158:British Raj 121:Singh Sabha 99:Resulted in 7210:Categories 7048:Jagir Kaur 6752:Linlithgow 6692:Chelmsford 6682:Cornwallis 6594:Tatya Tope 6464:Nana Saheb 6369:K. Kamaraj 6319:Dhan Singh 6234:Bakht Khan 5886:Arya Samaj 5820:Quit India 5770:Salt March 5629:Events and 5605:Satyagraha 5162:Conspiracy 5111:Zimmermann 4928:Kanshi Ram 4886:Guran Ditt 4881:Tarak Nath 4770:Background 4529:Subodh Roy 4489:Shiv Verma 4164:Gulab Kaur 4134:Deba Gupta 4059:Benoy Basu 3989:Ajoy Ghosh 3949:(Yugantar) 3804:Akal Takht 3744:In Fiction 3729:Ravidassia 3697:Dharamyudh 3620:Literature 3610:Panj Pyare 3550:Mela Maghi 3398:Foreigners 3359:Veer Singh 3334:Chandu Lal 3068:Fauj-i-Ain 2774:Sher Singh 2769:Chand Kaur 2625:Sewapanthi 2352:Bangladesh 2324:By country 2294:Pul Kanjri 2264:Fateh Burj 2177:Jaap Sahib 2162:Mul Mantar 2084:Kirat Karo 2069:Amrit Velā 2054:Naam Karan 2034:Sikh rites 1966:Philosophy 1925:Guru Arjan 1910:Guru Angad 1905:Guru Nanak 1001:2011-12-19 974:References 906:Bhai Pheru 746:toshakhana 738:Guru Arjan 703:toshakhana 695:toshakhana 686:toshakhana 661:Rawalpindi 627:Ghadarites 517:Arya Samaj 479:Akal Takht 363:Akal Takht 87:including 6727:Wellesley 6712:Dalhousie 6574:Surya Sen 6469:P. Kakkan 6429:Mir Qasim 6404:M. N. Roy 6339:Har Dayal 6172:activists 6001:Baba Amte 5991:Ayyankali 5969:reformers 5891:Azad Hind 5631:movements 5610:Socialism 5304:Guy Gaunt 5041:M. N. Roy 4544:Surya Sen 4524:Srish Pal 4449:Ram Rakha 4424:Rajat Sen 4174:Har Dayal 3754:Criticism 3672:Ramananda 3527:Festivals 3264:Lal Singh 3259:Tej Singh 3136:of Poonch 2886:Jalalabad 2795:conflicts 2779:Jind Kaur 2620:Nirankari 2501:Singapore 2431:Indonesia 2367:Vancouver 2342:Australia 2134:Scripture 2089:Naam Japo 2016:Practices 1593:Deol 2000 1563:609926003 1392:Deol 2000 1201:Deol 2000 1137:Deol 2000 1024:Deol 2000 796:Ganga Ram 472:low-caste 442:, led by 383:gurdwaras 328:Formation 303:gurdwaras 134:Akali Dal 93:petitions 67:gurdwaras 45:1920–1925 6858:politics 6757:Hastings 6717:Bentinck 5936:Jugantar 5580:Gandhism 5176:Maverick 5062:Deobandi 4849:Hardayal 4807:Jugantar 4781:militant 4104:Bina Das 3947:Jugantar 3848:Category 3778:Gurmukhī 3769:Punjabis 3712:Hinduism 3640:Politics 3600:Waheguru 3595:Ik Onkar 3557:Vaisakhi 3484:Treaties 2866:Sadhaura 2836:Chamkaur 2793:Military 2635:Ramraiya 2605:Namdhari 2546:Scotland 2526:Thailand 2486:Pakistan 2456:Malaysia 2332:Diaspora 2210:Gurdwara 1885:Glossary 1796:(1998). 1786:17772948 1750:17772948 1460:(2003). 1284:59911558 942:— 842:sedition 780:Congress 594:Reaction 532:Amritsar 503:, where 485:(SGPC). 313:(SGPC). 50:Location 6966:Leaders 6677:Canning 6096:Periyar 5745:Bardoli 5513:Gwalior 5415:History 4963:Champak 3840:Outline 3764:History 3707:Jainism 3580:Culture 3575:History 3192:Natives 3134:Sudhans 2881:Lohgarh 2861:Sirhind 2851:Sonepat 2846:Muktsar 2630:Nirmala 2541:England 2399:Germany 2389:Finland 2379:Denmark 2357:Belgium 2347:Austria 2172:Chaupai 2157:Gurbani 2119:Dasvand 1889:History 1876:Sikhism 1836:17 June 1444:5452996 584:Pashtun 452:Sialkot 430:by the 365:. 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