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hunters died falling through ice on a frozen lake. Second, Akaitcho did not receive ammunition supplies at Fort
Providence, something he needed in order to kill game. But the main reason was Akaitcho's belief that the expedition was folly, and that Franklin's party would not live to return to Fort Enterprise. Within weeks, Back returned to Fort Enterprise, before Franklin, and found it devoid of food. He set off for Fort Providence, eventually reaching it and convincing some of Akaitcho's men to return with him to Fort Enterprise. Back and three Yellowknives returned to Fort Enterprise on 7 November to find the starving Franklin party had arrived. The Yellowknives brought meat, caught fish, and tended to the survivors. A week later, the group left Fort Enterprise, safely reaching Fort Providence on 11 December.
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during its north-bound journey on the
Coppermine River, and they would leave food supplies for Franklin's return. But Akaitcho warned Franklin that food would not always be available. They reached the winter encampment of Fort Enterprise on Winter Lake, named by Franklin and chosen by Akaitcho, with food supplies running short and Franklin's men losing faith in him; it would be several months before weather would permit them to continue their travels.
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by July 14. After
Franklin issued orders to the Yellowknives to leave food caches along the way back to Fort Enterprise, and to restock Fort Enterprise, the Yellowknives left for their return trip home. However, for several reasons, they did not re-stock Fort Enterprise. First, three of Akaitcho
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John
Hepburn. They met at Fort Providence, on the north side of the lake, in July. Akaitcho's terms included cancellation of his tribe's debts to the North West Company, plus provisions of cloth, ammunition, tobacco, and iron products. In return, his men would hunt and guide for the expedition
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When the Fort
Providence trading post closed in 1823, Akaitcho had to trade into Fort Resolution, in competition with Chipewyan already established with that post. His power and influence began to diminish.
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Akaitcho became a peacemaker in 1825 when, at Mesa Lake, he participated in a famous peace treaty with Dogrib Chief Edzo, ending a long period of hostility and warfare between
Chipewyan and Dogrib.
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In 1820, when his tribe numbered about 190, Akaitcho and his men, including
Akaitcho's brothers, Humpy and White Capot, were recruited by the North West Company to serve as guides and hunters for a
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In their subsequently published journals, Franklin referred to the chief as "Akaitcho" or "Big Foot", Richardson referred to him as "Akaicho" or "Gros Pied", and Back referred to him as "Ekeicho".
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Of
Akaitcho's seven wives, the one that bore him his only son was his favorite. In old age, out of respect, Akaitcho and his elder wives were transported by younger men whenever the tribe moved.
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Akaitcho was considered a man "of great penetration and shrewdness" and an aggressive leader. His tribe, who spoke their own dialect, consisted of the northwesternmost
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In addition to brothers Humpy and White Capot (Annoethai-yazzeh), Akaitcho had at least one other brother, Keskarrah, who was known to accompany
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108:; translation: "Big-Foot" or "Big-Feet"; meaning: "like a wolf with big paws, he can travel long distances over snow") (ca. 1786–1838) was a
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535:. Volume 3 of Rupert's Land Record Society series. Rupert's Land Record Society. McGill-Queen's Press. p. 61.
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In 1833-34, when Back returned to Fort
Reliance, establishing it as a base camp during his search for the lost
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Arctic artist: the journal and paintings of George Back, midshipman with
Franklin, 1819-1822
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341:. University of Alberta. Association of Professors Emeriti. University of Alberta. pp.
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By the time he was 50, Akaitcho was in poor health and his power over his tribe diminished.
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Arctic Ordeal: The Journal of John Richardson, Surgeon-Naturalist With Franklin 1820-1822
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Richardson, John; C. Stuart Houston; H. Albert Hochbaum (1994). C. Stuart Houston (ed.).
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The people of Denendeh: ethnohistory of the Indians of Canada's Northwest Territories
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Back, Sir George (1994). Clarence Stuart Houston & I. S. MacLaren (ed.).
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The Franklin expedition restarted again in June 1821 and they reached the
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Echoes in the halls: an unofficial history of the University of Alberta
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Chief of the Yellowknives, an Indigenous Canadian group (ca. 1786–1838)
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expedition, Akaitcho's energy and resolve commanded Back's respect.
116:. His territory included the region from the eastern portion of the
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Helm, June; Teresa S. Carterette; Nancy Oestreich Lurie (2000).
375:(Digitized Oct 4, 2008 ed.). Key Porter Books. p. 63.
132:. He was recruited to act as interpreter, guide, and hunter for
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Minutes of Council, Northern Department of Rupert Land 1821-31
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Northwest Passage: the quest for an Arctic route to the east
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Portrait of Chief Akaitcho and his only son, by Robert Hood.
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191:. Besides Franklin, the expeditionary group consisted of
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Akaicho's legacy is honored with the formation of the
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A history of the original peoples of northern Canada
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Exploring polar frontiers: a historical encyclopedia
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335:McIntosh, Gordon; Mary Spencer; Kay Dier (1999).
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641:(2 ed.). McGill-Queen's Press. p. 79.
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560:"Partnerships: Akaitcho, Beaulieu, Mandeville"
482:. Toronto: The Champlain Society. p. 341.
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508:. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. pp. 239–240.
584:"Akaitcho, Great Chief of the Yellowknife"
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156:people. They traded meat supplies to the
614:. University of Iowa Press. p. 233.
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666:. Northern News Services. Archived from
586:. greatcanadianlakes.com. Archived from
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744:19th-century monarchs in North America
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698:"Akaitcho Treaty 7 Tribal Corporation"
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369:Struzik, Edward; Mike Beedell (1991).
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662:Barrera, Jorge (January 28, 2002).
314:. McGill-Queen's Press. p. 5.
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439:. BiblioBazaar, LLC. p. 271.
142:Coppermine Expedition of 1819–1822
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739:19th-century First Nations people
399:Helm, June; Beryl C. Gillespie.
257:chief. A sister was married to
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278:Akaitcho Territory Government
187:expedition, a search for the
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468:Franklin (2008), pp. 222-223
436:The Journey to the Polar Sea
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664:"Q&A with Fred Sangris"
492:Fleming (1941), pp. 149-150
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478:Fleming, H., ed. (1941).
459:Richardson (1994), pp. 42
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195:, doctor and naturalist,
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80:Chief of the Yellowknives
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72:"Big-Foot", or "Big-Feet"
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687:Franklin (2008), pp. 308
635:Crowe, Keith J. (1991).
433:Franklin, John (2008).
179:Coppermine Expedition
122:Northwest Territories
420:10.14430/arctic2266
112:, and Chief of the
357:akaitcho big foot.
158:North West Company
136:'s first of three
64:'s Yellowknife Bay
446:978-0-554-24676-5
401:"Arctic Profiles"
259:François Beaulieu
189:Northwest Passage
140:expeditions, the
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62:Great Slave Lake
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702:. Retrieved
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734:1838 deaths
724:Dene people
223:Later years
201:George Back
100:(variants:
52:Spring 1838
718:Categories
704:2009-09-17
674:2009-09-18
594:2009-09-16
569:2009-09-18
414:(2): 208.
296:References
251:Matonabbee
197:Midshipmen
185:Royal Navy
255:Chipewyan
236:John Ross
154:Chipewyan
120:, in the
85:Relatives
98:Akaitcho
44:ca. 1786
265:chief.
130:Nunavut
106:Ekeicho
102:Akaicho
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272:Legacy
203:, and
169:Dogrib
148:Career
138:Arctic
563:(PDF)
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263:MĂ©tis
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643:ISBN
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537:ISBN
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286:Dene
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
