173:
346:, issued a statement saying, "With the death of Boa Sr. and the extinction of the Bo language, a unique part of human society is now just a memory. Boa's loss is a bleak reminder that we must not allow this to happen to the other tribes of the Andaman Islands." Linguist Narayan Choudhary also explained what the loss of Boa Sr. meant in both academic and personal terms, "Her loss is not just the loss of the Great Andamanese community, it is a loss of several disciplines of studies put together, including
1108:
1094:
328:
on 26 January 2010. Boa Sr., who was approximately 85 years old, was the oldest living member of the Great
Andamanese tribes at the time. Boa Sr.'s death left just 52 surviving Great Andamanese people in the world, none of whom remembers any Bo. Their population is greatly reduced from the estimated
289:
Boa Sr.'s mother, who died approximately forty years before her death, was the only living speaker of Bo for a long time. Other members of the Great
Andamanese speech community had difficulty understanding the songs and narratives which she knew in Bo. She also spoke the Andamanese
270:
However, tribal identities became largely symbolic in the wake of the relocations. By 2006 the cultural and linguistic identity of the tribe had all but disappeared, due to intermarriage and other factors. The last speaker of the Bo language, a woman named
267:. In 1969 they were moved again to a reservation on Strait Island. By 1980 only three out of the 23 surviving Great Andamanese claimed to belong to the Bo tribe. By 1994 their numbers had grown to 15 (out of 40).
394:
according to which body part it is associated with (on the basis of shape, or functional association). Thus, for instance, the *aka- at the beginning of the language names is a prefix for objects related to the
239:
The original size of the Bo tribe, by 1858 has been estimated at 200 individuals. However, they were discovered by the colonial authorities only later, in the work leading to the 1901 census. Like other
665:
The basic pronouns are almost identical throughout the Great
Andamanese languages; Aka-Bea will serve as a representative example (pronouns given in their basic prefixal forms):
260:
tribes, and the Bo had resorted to killing all of their own who showed symptoms. Their number was up to 62 in 1911, but then decreased to 16 in 1921 and only 6 in 1931.
1034:
776:
803:
1158:
252:
and loss of territory. The census of 1901 recorded only 48 individuals. Census takers were told that an epidemic had come from the neighboring
1390:
1385:
366:. To me, Boa Sr. epitomised a totality of humanity in all its hues and with a richness that is not to be found anywhere else."
904:
842:
891:
985:
1370:
868:
A Grammar of the
Andamanese Languages, being Chapter IV of Part I of the Census Report on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands
1375:
1151:
314:
1062:
1299:
1009:
948:
1365:
135:
829:
1144:
738:
793:
159:
1380:
263:
In 1949, any remaining Bo were relocated, with all other surviving Great
Andamanese, to a reservation on
329:
5,000 Great
Andamanese living in the Andaman Islands at the time of the arrival of the British in 1858.
1175:
196:
86:
227:
at the beginning of the language name is a common Great
Andamanese prefix for words related to the
172:
1126:
286:, the last person who remembered any Bo, died on 26 January 2010, at the age of approximately 85.
652:
343:
264:
940:
926:
662:
to complete them, so one cannot say "head" alone, but only "my, or his, or your, etc. head".
1324:
1167:
659:
656:
391:
1121:
901:
8:
1249:
1039:
798:
56:
1274:
1242:
749:— and their entire numerical lexicon is one, two, one more, some more, and all.
151:
1228:
1204:
1198:
1191:
944:
838:
241:
212:
1267:
1235:
1113:
299:
245:
63:
1315:
1289:
908:
895:
888:
204:
164:
78:
45:
981:
1346:
457:
378:
languages, with an extensive prefix and suffix system. They have a distinctive
336:
419:"round-soft", from the prefix attached to words relating to the head or heart.
244:, the Bo were decimated during colonial and post-colonial times, by diseases,
1359:
1304:
423:
375:
332:
200:
128:
1099:
1067:
960:
737:
Judging from the available sources, the
Andamanese languages have only two
347:
1013:
119:
1131:
831:
A grammar of
Akajeru: fragments of a traditional North Andamanese dialect
351:
310:
306:
257:
253:
1136:
780:. The Daily Telegraph, London, 5 February 2010. Accessed on 2010-02-22.
746:
742:
379:
359:
325:
434:
387:
144:
112:
1107:
1127:
Aka-Bo
Swadesh List by The Rosetta Project at the Internet Archive
321:, since 2005. Abbi studied and recorded Boa's language and songs.
408:
363:
355:
291:
283:
272:
69:
48:; east central coast of North Andaman island, North Reef island.
1330:
837:. Grammars of world and minority languages. London: UCL Press.
438:
412:
396:
228:
1122:
BBC Report on Aka-Bo and the Bo Language death, with recording
1063:"Ancient tribal language becomes extinct as last speaker dies"
941:
Andaman and Nicobar Tribes Restudied: Encounters and Concerns
399:. An adjectival example can be given by the various forms of
318:
295:
249:
208:
35:
449:
383:
802:, London, 10 February 2010. Accessed on 2010-02-22. Also
340:
211:. It was recorded as being mutually intelligible with
302:, a mix of the ten indigenous languages of Andamans.
199:
language. It was spoken on the west central coast of
1089:
1035:"Language lost as last member of Andaman tribe dies"
984:. Vanishing Voices of the Great Andamanese (VOGA).
382:system based largely on body parts, in which every
777:Language lost as last member of Andaman tribe dies
963:. Vanishing Voices of the Great Andamanese (VOGA)
1357:
1004:
1002:
870:. Superintendent's Printing Press: Port Blair.
1152:
827:
1012:. Andamanese.net. 2009-02-22. Archived from
788:
786:
999:
770:
768:
766:
764:
762:
430:, "pliable", from a prefix for long things.
1159:
1145:
171:
927:Tribal Development in the Andaman Islands
783:
215:, and the vocabularies are very similar.
1166:
1054:
882:
880:
878:
876:
828:Zamponi, Raoul; Comrie, Bernard (2021).
818:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
759:
275:, died at age 85 in late January, 2010.
930:, page 62. Sarup & Sons, New Delhi.
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
726:'This' and 'that' are distinguished as
1358:
1140:
1132:Aka-Bo word list at the ASJP Database
988:from the original on 10 February 2010
920:
918:
873:
1060:
851:
808:
445:, "pointed", from the tongue prefix.
933:
814:Radcliffe-Brown, Alfred R. (1922).
374:The Great Andamanese languages are
68:26 January 2010, with the death of
13:
915:
487:"good at languages" (tongue-good.)
14:
1402:
1085:
943:, page 149. Mittal Publications.
16:Extinct Great Andamanese language
1106:
1092:
456:, "rotten", from the prefix for
403:, "pliable, soft", in Aka-Bea:
203:and on North Reef Island of the
1391:2010 disestablishments in India
1027:
974:
1386:Languages extinct in the 2010s
953:
821:
324:Boa Sr. died at a hospital in
1:
1314:Unclassified (presumed to be
1061:Watt, Jonathan (2010-02-04).
752:
278:
1010:"People of Great Andamanese"
493:"virtuous" (head/heart-good)
7:
866:Temple, Richard C. (1902).
707:he, his, she, her, it, its
481:"sharp-sighted" (eye-good).
315:Jawaharlal Nehru University
231:, which includes language.
10:
1407:
1371:Great Andamanese languages
582:torso (shoulder to shins)
369:
234:
1376:Extinct languages of Asia
1340:
1313:
1288:
1259:
1220:
1183:
1174:
912:. Accessed on 2012-07-12.
170:
158:
142:
126:
110:
105:
75:
62:
52:
41:
31:
26:
21:
939:Rann Singh Mann (2005),
1366:Agglutinative languages
218:
886:George Weber (~2009),
344:Survival International
982:"Obituary for Boa Sr"
924:A. N. Sharma (2003),
894:May 31, 2012, at the
816:The Andaman Islanders
653:inalienably possessed
475:"clever" (hand-good).
1168:Andamanese languages
657:possessive adjective
602:eye/face/arm/breast
305:Boa Sr. worked with
1040:The Daily Telegraph
1016:on February 8, 2010
799:The Daily Telegraph
1381:Languages of India
1292:(South Andamanese)
907:2012-08-05 at the
804:on web.archive.org
794:"Lives Remembered"
497:The prefixes are:
460:or upright things.
335:, director of the
242:Andamanese peoples
1353:
1352:
1347:extinct languages
1284:
1283:
844:978-1-80008-093-5
724:
723:
649:
648:
309:, a professor of
179:
178:
1398:
1181:
1180:
1176:Great Andamanese
1161:
1154:
1147:
1138:
1137:
1116:
1114:Languages portal
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781:
772:
739:cardinal numbers
668:
667:
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499:
300:Great Andamanese
197:Great Andamanese
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138:
122:
115:
87:Great Andamanese
81:
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18:
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979:
975:
966:
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938:
934:
923:
916:
909:Wayback Machine
899:. Chapter 7 in
896:Wayback Machine
885:
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852:
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834:
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809:
791:
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651:Body parts are
468:"good" yields:
372:
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237:
221:
205:Andaman Islands
191:(also known as
150:
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118:
111:
101:
82:
79:Language family
77:
46:Andaman Islands
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1086:External links
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961:"GA Community"
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902:The Andamanese
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655:, requiring a
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622:back/leg/butt
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106:Language codes
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85:
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32:Native to
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562:mouth/tongue
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398:
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385:
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377:
376:agglutinative
367:
365:
361:
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349:
345:
342:
338:
334:
333:Stephen Corry
330:
327:
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316:
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298:, as well as
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201:North Andaman
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174:
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129:Linguist List
125:
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109:
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74:
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1234:
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1210:
1209:
1197:
1190:
1100:India portal
1072:. Retrieved
1068:The Guardian
1066:
1056:
1045:. Retrieved
1043:. 2010-02-05
1038:
1029:
1018:. Retrieved
1014:the original
990:. Retrieved
976:
965:. Retrieved
955:
935:
925:
900:
887:
867:
830:
823:
815:
810:
797:
775:
736:
731:
727:
725:
718:
715:they, their
710:
700:
692:
682:
674:
664:
650:
496:
490:
484:
478:
472:
465:
463:
453:
442:
427:
416:
400:
373:
348:anthropology
331:
323:
304:
288:
282:
269:
265:Bluff island
262:
238:
224:
222:
192:
187:
186:
182:
180:
143:
94:
1325:Sentinelese
522:head/heart
485:aka-bēri-ŋa
464:Similarly,
390:may take a
352:linguistics
311:linguistics
307:Anvita Abbi
183:Bo language
1360:Categories
1250:A-Pucikwar
1074:2010-02-22
1047:2010-02-22
1020:2010-05-14
992:2010-02-05
967:2011-01-21
753:References
697:you, your
689:thou, thy
542:hand/foot
491:ot-bēri-ŋa
479:ig-bēri-ŋa
473:un-bēri-ŋa
380:noun class
360:psychology
326:Port Blair
279:Extinction
273:Boa Senior
1345:indicate
1275:Akar-Bale
1243:Oko-Juwoi
511:Bajigyâs?
448:A fallen
388:adjective
195:), was a
145:Glottolog
113:ISO 639-3
57:Bo people
53:Ethnicity
1260:Southern
1229:Aka-Kede
1205:Aka-Jeru
1199:Aka-Kora
1192:Aka-Cari
1184:Northern
986:Archived
905:Archived
892:Archived
741:—
679:we, our
466:beri-nga
213:Aka-Jeru
152:akab1248
136:akm.html
91:Northern
1343:Italics
1268:Aka-Bea
1236:Aka-Kol
1221:Central
889:Numbers
792:(2011)
774:(2010)
605:i-, ig-
508:Balawa?
443:aka-yop
428:ôto-yop
409:cushion
370:Grammar
364:biology
356:history
339:-based
337:British
292:dialect
284:Boa Sr.
246:alcohol
235:History
70:Boa Sr.
64:Extinct
1331:Jangil
1300:Jarawa
1211:Aka-Bo
947:
841:
671:I, my
660:prefix
642:waist
454:ar-yop
439:pencil
417:ot-yop
413:sponge
397:tongue
392:prefix
362:, and
229:tongue
188:Aka-Bo
165:Aka-Bo
42:Region
27:Aka-Bo
1316:Ongan
1290:Ongan
835:(PDF)
645:ôto-
537:ôto-
514:Juwoi
458:limbs
435:stick
319:Delhi
296:Hindi
250:opium
209:India
36:India
1305:Önge
945:ISBN
839:ISBN
745:and
730:and
617:er-
574:ókô-
568:aka-
565:âkà-
557:ôn-
551:ong-
548:ong-
545:ong-
534:ôto-
531:ote-
517:Kol
450:tree
424:cane
386:and
384:noun
258:Kora
256:and
254:Kari
225:Aka-
223:The
219:Name
181:The
747:two
743:one
637:a-
634:ra-
631:ar-
628:ar-
625:ar-
614:re-
611:ir-
608:id-
597:o-
591:ab-
588:ab-
585:ab-
577:o-
554:ôn-
528:ôt-
525:ot-
505:Bea
452:is
441:is
437:or
426:is
415:is
411:or
401:yop
341:NGO
317:in
313:at
294:of
207:in
160:ELP
120:akm
1362::
1065:.
1037:.
1001:^
917:^
875:^
853:^
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785:^
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734:.
732:t-
728:k-
719:l-
701:ŋ-
693:ŋ-
683:m-
675:d-
594:a-
571:o-
433:A
422:A
407:A
358:,
354:,
350:,
248:,
193:Ba
185:,
95:Bo
22:Bo
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1160:e
1153:t
1146:v
1077:.
1050:.
1023:.
995:.
970:.
847:.
711:a
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