Airport - Knowledge

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into one queue per active runway for a "straight-in" approach. While this system keeps the airspace free and is simpler for pilots, it requires detailed knowledge of how aircraft are planning to use the airport ahead of time and is therefore only possible with large commercial airliners on pre-scheduled flights. The system has recently become so advanced that controllers can predict whether an aircraft will be delayed on landing before it even takes off; that aircraft can then be delayed on the ground, rather than wasting expensive fuel waiting in the air.

1181: 1494:", except the traffic on runways. This includes planes, baggage trains, snowplows, grass cutters, fuel trucks, stair trucks, airline food trucks, conveyor belt vehicles and other vehicles. Ground Control will instruct these vehicles on which taxiways to use, which runway they will use (in the case of planes), where they will park, and when it is safe to cross runways. When a plane is ready to takeoff it will be turned over to tower control. Conversely, after a plane has landed it will depart the runway and be "handed over" from Tower to Ground Control. 2094: 2033: 7724: 2973: 153: 2270: 114: 106: 1562:, meaning all turns are made to the left. One of the main reason for this is that pilots sit on the left side of the airplane, and a Left-hand patterns improves their visibility of the airport and pattern. Right-handed patterns do exist, usually because of obstacles such as a mountain, or to reduce noise for local residents. The predetermined circuit helps traffic flow smoothly because all pilots know what to expect, and helps reduce the chance of a 988: 2520: 2045: 273: 1760: 508: 1100: 2145:

and with short turnaround times between different flights, the charging powers have to be substantial. To tackle these issues, more airports are starting to look into alternative energy production such as solar power and wind power, but also how to use airport areas for biomass production. Another solution investigated is to use energy storage to charge during the night and use to charge the aircraft during daytime.

2959: 1358: 1019: 2446: 1803: 1802: 1807: 1806: 1801: 1907: 1808: 1542:. And due to the so-called SLOT-times, the overall traffic planning tend to assure landing queues are avoided. If for instance an aircraft approaches runway 17 (which has a heading of approx. 170 degrees) from the north (coming from 360/0 degrees heading towards 180 degrees), the aircraft will land as fast as possible by just turning 10 degrees and follow the 1805: 1579: 2024:. Most civil aviation authorities have required levels of on-site emergency response capabilities based on an airport's traffic. At airports where civil and military operations share a common set of runways and infrastructure, emergency response is often managed by the relevant military unit as part of their base's operations. 1138:, and members of the airline's clubs. Premium services may sometimes be open to passengers who are members of a different airline's frequent flyer program. This can sometimes be part of a reciprocal deal, as when multiple airlines are part of the same alliance, or as a ploy to attract premium customers away from rival airlines. 2117:

showed all airports have a role to play in advancing greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction initiatives. Small airports have demonstrated leadership by using their less complex organizational structure to implement newer technologies and to serve as a proving ground for their feasibility. Large airports have

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The construction of airports has been known to change local weather patterns. For example, because they often flatten out large areas, they can be susceptible to fog in areas where fog rarely forms. In addition, they generally replace trees and grass with pavement, they often change drainage patterns

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Airports with international flights have customs and immigration facilities. However, as some countries have agreements that allow travel between them without customs and immigrations, such facilities are not a definitive need for an international airport. International flights often require a higher

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at Helsinki-Vantaa airport in Finland revealed that commonly touched surfaces in airports, especially the plastic security screening trays, are highly susceptible to contamination by respiratory viruses. These trays are touched by hundreds of passengers daily and, being made of plastic, a non-porous

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Many new airports include walkthrough duty-free stores that require air passengers to enter a retail store upon exiting security. Airport planners sometimes incorporate winding routes within these stores such that passengers encounter more goods as they walk towards their gate. Planners also install

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Airport operations are extremely complex, with a complicated system of aircraft support services, passenger services, and aircraft control services contained within the operation. Thus airports can be major employers, as well as important hubs for tourism and other kinds of transit. Because they are

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Like industrial equipment or facility management, airports require tailor-made maintenance management due to their complexity. With many tangible assets spread over a large area in different environments, these infrastructures must therefore effectively monitor these assets and store spare parts to

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Generally, this pattern is a circuit consisting of five "legs" that form a rectangle (two legs and the runway form one side, with the remaining legs forming three more sides). Each leg is named (see diagram), and ATC directs pilots on how to join and leave the circuit. Traffic patterns are flown at

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immediately surrounding the airport. Tower controllers may use radar to locate an aircraft's position in 3D space, or they may rely on pilot position reports and visual observation. They coordinate the sequencing of aircraft in the traffic pattern and direct aircraft on how to safely join and leave

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in the US opened in 1920 and has been in continuous commercial service since. It serves about 35,000,000 passengers each year and continues to expand, recently opening a new 11,000-foot (3,355 m) runway. Of the airports constructed during this early period in aviation, it is one of the largest and

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As a part of their sustainability efforts, more and more airports are starting to explore the consequences of more electric aircraft coming into service. Electric aircraft need a lot of energy; operating 49 small 50 passenger short range battery electric aircraft would demand at least 16 GWh/year,

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The construction of new airports or addition of runways to existing airports, is often resisted by local residents because of the effect on countryside, historical sites, and local flora and fauna. Due to the risk of collision between birds and aircraft, large airports undertake population control

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Every cargo terminal has a landside and an airside. The landside is where the exporters and importers through either their agents or by themselves deliver or collect shipments while the airside is where loads are moved to or from the aircraft. In addition, cargo terminals are divided into distinct

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used models and simulations to demonstrate that increasing hand cleanliness from 20% to 30% in all airports could reduce the potential global impact of a disease by 24%. If cleanliness levels reached 60%, this impact could decrease by 69%. Focusing on just the top 10 most influential airports for

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At controlled airports, a circuit can be in place but is not normally used. Rather, aircraft (usually only commercial with long routes) request approach clearance while they are still hours away from the airport; the destination airport can then plan a queue of arrivals, and planes will be guided

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Non-aeronautical revenue is gained through things other than aircraft operations. It includes lease revenue from compatible land-use development, non-aeronautical building leases, retail and concession sales, rental car operations, parking and in-airport advertising. Concession revenue is one big

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In Canada, the federal authority, Transport Canada, divested itself of all but the remotest airports in 1999/2000. Now most airports in Canada are operated by individual legal authorities, such as Vancouver International Airport Authority (although still owned by Transport Canada); some airports,

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Most major airports provide commercial outlets for products and services. Most of these companies, many of which are internationally known brands, are located within the departure areas. These include clothing boutiques and restaurants and in the US amounted to $ 4.2 billion in 2015. Prices

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Hand hygiene plays a pivotal role in preventing the spread of infectious diseases in airports. Research indicates that only about 70% of individuals wash their hands after using the toilet, and of those, only 50% do so correctly. In airport settings, just one in five individuals maintain clean

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Cargo Terminal Facilities are areas where international airports export cargo has to be stored after customs clearance and prior to loading the aircraft. Similarly, import cargo that is offloaded needs to be in bond before the consignee decides to take delivery. Areas have to be kept aside for

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The earliest aircraft takeoff and landing sites were grassy fields. The plane could approach at any angle that provided a favorable wind direction. A slight improvement was the dirt-only field, which eliminated the drag from grass. However, these functioned well only in dry conditions. Later,

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Some airport structures include on-site hotels built within or attached to a terminal building. Airport hotels have grown popular due to their convenience for transient passengers and easy accessibility to the airport terminal. Many airport hotels also have agreements with airlines to provide

2543:, airport design became more sophisticated. Passenger buildings were being grouped together in an island, with runways arranged in groups about the terminal. This arrangement permitted expansion of the facilities. But it also meant that passengers had to travel further to reach their plane. 1744:

can also be kept in view of the runway. Aviation windsocks are made with lightweight material, withstand strong winds and some are lit up after dark or in foggy weather. Because visibility of windsocks is limited, often multiple glow-orange windsocks are placed on both sides of the runway.

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revenue, non-aeronautical revenue, and non-operating revenue. Aeronautical revenue makes up 50% in 2021 (from 54% and 48% in 2019 and 2020, non-aeronautical revenue makes up 34% (40%, 39% in previous years), and non-operating revenue makes up 16% (6%, 14%) of the total revenue of airports.

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that produces a continuous slab with no disruptions along the length. The early 1960s also saw the introduction of jet bridge systems to modern airport terminals, an innovation which eliminated outdoor passenger boarding. These systems became commonplace in the United States by the 1970s.

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Airlines sometimes operate multiple lounges within the one airport terminal allowing ultra-premium customers, such as first class customers, additional services, which are not available to other premium customers. Multiple lounges may also prevent overcrowding of the lounge facilities.

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Most airports in the United States are designated "private-use airports" meaning that, whether publicly- or privately owned, the airport is not open or available for use by the public (although use of the airport may be made available by invitation of the owner or manager).

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Smaller or less-developed airfields, which represent the vast majority, often have a single runway shorter than 1,000 m (3,300 ft). Larger airports for airline flights generally have paved runways of 2,000 m (6,600 ft) or longer. Skyline Airport in

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are calculated through the landing weight and the size of the aircraft which varies but most of the airports have a fixed rate and a charge extra for extra weight. Passenger service fees are charges per passengers for the facilities used on a flight like water, food,

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to residents living near airports. Sleep can be affected if the airports operate night and early morning flights. Aircraft noise occurs not only from take-offs and landings but also from ground operations including maintenance and testing of aircraft. Noise can have

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disease spread, enhancing hand hygiene practices could still significantly reduce disease transmission rates from 45% to 37%. The findings underscore the importance of promoting hand-washing in airports as a key measure in preventing the global spread of diseases.

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hands—defined as washing with soap for at least 15 seconds in the preceding hour. Given the frequent touching of shared surfaces in airports, such as trays, railings, and touch panels, this poses a significant risk for disease transmission. A study from the

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Each civil aviation authority provides a source of information about airports in their country. This will contain information on airport elevation, airport lighting, runway information, communications facilities and frequencies, hours of operation, nearby

2090:- would lead to 100 airports being below mean sea level and 364 airports at risk of flooding. If global mean temperature rise exceeds this then as many as 572 airports will be at risk by 2100, leading to major disruptions without appropriate adaptation. 2442:, which opened in 1916. Increased aircraft traffic during World War I led to the construction of landing fields. Aircraft had to approach these from certain directions and this led to the development of aids for directing the approach and landing slope. 1671:

consists of white lights spaced out on both sides of the runway, indicating the edges. Some airports have more complicated lighting on the runways including lights that run down the centerline of the runway and lights that help indicate the approach (an

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Some of the airport administrations prepare and publish annual environmental reports to show how they consider these environmental concerns in airport management issues and how they protect environment from airport operations. These reports contain all

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An improvement in the landing field was the introduction of grooves in the concrete surface. These run perpendicular to the direction of the landing aircraft and serve to draw off excess rainwater that could build up in front of the plane's wheels.

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material, provide an environment where viruses can survive for extended periods. In comparison, bathroom surfaces in the same airport tested negative for respiratory viruses, possibly indicating a heightened awareness of hygiene in these spaces.

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Airports have played major roles in films and television programs due to their very nature as a transport and international hub, and sometimes because of distinctive architectural features of particular airports. One such example of this is

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where aircraft or vehicles are in an inappropriate location, allowing these "hot spots" to be identified. These locations then undergo special attention by transportation authorities (such as the FAA in the US) and airport administrators.

1804: 2013:, bringing the plane to a relatively rapid halt as the material disintegrates. These surfaces are useful when the runway is located next to a body of water or other hazard, and prevent the planes from overrunning the end of the field. 232:

sites of operation for heavy machinery, a number of regulations and safety measures have been implemented in airports, in order to reduce hazards. Additionally, airports have major local environmental impacts, as both large sources of

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desks, shops and ground transportation facilities. The airside area includes all parts of the airport around the aircraft, and the parts of the buildings that are restricted to staff, and sections of these extended to travelling,

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charged for items sold at these outlets are generally higher than those outside the airport. However, some airports now regulate costs to keep them comparable to "street prices". This term is misleading as prices often match the

725:. Aircraft parking is also a major revenue source for airports. Aircraft are parked for a certain amount of time before or after takeoff and have to pay to park there. Every airport has its own rates of parking, for example, 4896: 519:

Most of the world's large airports are owned by local, regional, or national government bodies who then lease the airport to private corporations who oversee the airport's operation. For example, in the UK the state-owned

1616:(PAR), but these systems are more common at military air bases than civilian airports. The aircraft's horizontal and vertical movement is tracked via radar, and the controller tells the pilot his position relative to the 5915: 5910: 1200:

Airports require parking lots, for passengers who may leave the cars at the airport for a long period of time. Large airports will also have car-rental firms, taxi ranks, bus stops and sometimes a train station.

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Many US airports still lease part or all of their facilities to outside firms, who operate functions such as retail management and parking. All US commercial airport runways are certified by the FAA under the

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has shown this can be done safely. This can also be done on the roofs of the airports and it has been found that the solar panels on these buildings work more effectively when compared to residential panels.

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without having to depend on local bases for land-based aircraft. After their development in World War I, aircraft carriers replaced the battleship as the centrepiece of a modern fleet during World War II.

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outside the US) is possible. They may help to assure smooth traffic flow between departing and arriving aircraft. There is no technical need within modern commercial aviation for performing this pattern,

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Sometimes these premium services will be offered to a non-premium passenger if the airline has made a mistake in handling of the passenger, such as unreasonable delays or mishandling of checked baggage.

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Aeronautical revenue are generated through airline rents and landing, passenger service, parking, and hangar fees. Landing fees are charged per aircraft for landing an airplane in the airport property.

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which are financed by the AATF, as well as pays for the FAA's Operation and Maintenance (O&M) account. The funding of these accounts are dependent on the taxes the airports generate of revenues.

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sponsoring a privatization program since 1996), the government-owned, contractor-operated (GOCO) arrangement is the standard for the operation of commercial airports in the rest of the world.

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Weather observations at the airport are crucial to safe takeoffs and landings. In the United States and Canada, the vast majority of airports, large and small, will either have some form of

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2023 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles & International Transportation Electrification Conference (ESARS-ITEC)

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Airports, as major international travel hubs, have the potential to be significant transmission points for infectious diseases. A notable study conducted during the peak of the 2015–2016

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which helps maintain friction levels. The fields must be kept clear of debris using cleaning equipment so that loose material does not become a projectile and enter an engine duct (see

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where the air traffic controllers are based. Pilots are required to maintain two-way radio communication with the controllers, and to acknowledge and comply with their instructions. A "

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in agricultural areas, leading to more flooding, run-off and erosion in the surrounding land. Airports are often built on low-lying coastal land, globally 269 airports are at risk of

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Airport guidance signs provide direction and information to taxiing aircraft and airport vehicles. Smaller aerodromes may have few or no signs, relying instead on diagrams and charts.

4821: 1601:(DME) to determine the distance to the VOR. VORs are also located off airports, where they serve to provide airways for aircraft to navigate upon. In poor weather, pilots will use an 802:

and customs to access the landside area, in which they exit, unless in airside transit. Most multi-terminal airports have (variously termed) flight/passenger/air connections buses,

5160:(University of Minnesota Press). This book brings together leading scholars to examine how airports both shape and are shaped by current political, social, and economic conditions. 4892: 1069:

Apart from major fast food chains, some airport restaurants offer regional cuisine specialties for those in transit so that they may sample local food without leaving the airport.

2934: 1957:). In adverse weather conditions, ice and snow clearing equipment can be used to improve traction on the landing strip. For waiting aircraft, equipment is used to spray special 499:

stated that there were approximately 44,000 "airports or airfields recognizable from the air" around the world, including 15,095 in the US, the US having the most in the world.

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A comprehensive, consumer/business directory of commercial airports in the world (primarily for airports as businesses, rather than for pilots) is organized by the trade group

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have a transit system that connects some of the gates to a main terminal. Airports with more than one terminal have a transit system to connect the terminals together, such as

982: 4870: 1448:(CTAF) for the benefit of other aircraft in the area. The CTAF may be a Universal Integrated Community (UNICOM), MULTICOM, Flight Service Station (FSS), or tower frequency. 3817: 4344: 3751: 2002:. Microburst radar was developed as an aid to safety during landing, giving two to five minutes' warning to aircraft in the vicinity of the field of a microburst event. 1949:

Hazards to aircraft include debris, nesting birds, and reduced friction levels due to environmental conditions such as ice, snow, or rain. Part of runway maintenance is

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Major airports in such countries as Russia and Japan offer miniature sleeping units within the airport that are available for rent by the hour. The smallest type is the

2512:(ICAO). In the 1940s, the slope-line approach system was introduced. This consisted of two rows of lights that formed a funnel indicating an aircraft's position on the 2110:

measures performed by airport administration in terms of water, air, soil and noise pollution, resource conservation and protection of natural life around the airport.

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Some airports are located next to parks, golf courses, or other low-density uses of land. Other airports are located near densely populated urban or suburban areas.

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for inter-terminal airside transit. Their airlines can arrange for baggage to be routed directly to the passenger's destination. Most major airports issue a secure

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and Internet access, and power outlets that passengers may use for their electronic equipment. Some airline lounges employ baristas, bartenders and gourmet chefs.

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Airport security normally requires baggage checks, metal screenings of individual persons, and rules against any object that could be used as a weapon. Since the

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originally operated eight of the nation's major commercial airports – it was subsequently privatized in the late 1980s, and following its takeover by the Spanish

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Many airports are local monopolies. To prevent them from abusing their market power, governments regulate how much airports may charge to airlines, using

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DeVault, Travis L.; Belant, Jerrold L.; Blackwell, Bradley F.; Martin, James A.; Schmidt, Jason A.; Wes Burger, L.; Patterson, James W. (March 1, 2012).

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came into use. These indicated the proper direction and angle of descent. The colours and flash intervals of these lights became standardized under the

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examination of export and import cargo by the airport authorities. Designated areas or sheds may be given to airlines or freight forward ring agencies.

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is an important concern in the operation of an airport, and almost every airfield includes equipment and procedures for handling emergency situations.

1605:(ILS) to find the runway and fly the correct approach, even if they cannot see the ground. The number of instrument approaches based on the use of the 852:

is a building with passenger facilities. Small airports have one terminal. Large ones often have multiple terminals, though some large airports, like

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level of physical security, although in recent years, many countries have adopted the same level of security for international and domestic travel.

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which have significant parts of their story set within airports. In other programmes and films, airports are merely indicative of journeys, e.g.

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A ground power unit for supplying electricity. As the engines will be switched off, they will not be generating electricity as they do in flight.

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the circuit. Aircraft which are only passing through the airspace must also contact tower control to be sure they remain clear of other traffic.

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Title 14 Part 139, "Certification of Commercial Service Airports" but maintained by the local airport under the regulatory authority of the FAA.

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Airline lounges frequently offer free or reduced cost food, as well as alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. Lounges themselves typically have

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Following the war, some of these military airfields added civil facilities for handling passenger traffic. One of the earliest such fields was

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That is to say, all airports are aerodromes, but not all aerodromes are airports. In jurisdictions where there is no legal distinction between

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as well as incorporating all the aforementioned elements. Such airports rank among the most complex and largest of all built typologies, with

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ATC operations. In those cases, non-towered procedures apply when the tower is not in use, such as at night. Non-towered airports come under

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and is part of the public realm, while access to the airside zone is tightly controlled. Landside facilities may include publicly accessible

4832: 1546:, without orbit the runway for visual reasons, whenever this is possible. For smaller piston engined airplanes at smaller airfields without 4502:"Evaluating the role of solar photovoltaic and battery storage in supporting electric aviation and vehicle infrastructure at Visby Airport" 4060: 2430: 1777: 561: 3549: 3784: 2399:

in China, which was built to accommodate planes in 1904, and airships in 1907, opened in 1910. It was in operation until September 2019.

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handling the loading and unloading of passengers, crew, baggage and other services. Some groundcrew are linked to specific airlines.

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Along taxiways, blue lights indicate the taxiway's edge, and some airports have embedded green lights that indicate the centerline.

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as well. Other noises and environmental concerns are vehicle traffic causing noise and pollution on roads leading to the airport.

5380: 2725: 2586: 2501:, East Prussia. The airports of this era used a paved "apron", which permitted night flying as well as landing heavier aircraft. 1721:, whether an AWOS, ASOS, or AWSS, a human observer or a combination of the two. These weather observations, predominantly in the 1362: 1023: 798:

before being permitted to enter the airside zone. Conversely, passengers arriving from an international flight must pass through

674:(AIP), Facilities and Equipment (F&E), and Research, Engineering, and Development (RE&D) are the three major accounts of 3080: 5420: 3978:

Basner, Mathias; Clark, Charlotte; Hansell, Anna; Hileman, James I.; Janssen, Sabine; Shepherd, Kevin; Sparrow, Victor (2017).

3807: 3158: 3132: 3038: 2429:—which started operations in January 1920—to claim to be one of the world's oldest continuously operating commercial airports. 1726: 4336: 3743: 742:, bookstores, restaurants and money exchange. Car parking is a growing source of revenue for airports, as more people use the 7370: 5000: 4745: 4426: 4184: 3599: 3442: 1338: 1253: 726: 4261: 3922: 1938:

crews are equipped for dealing with airfield accidents, crew and passenger extractions, and the hazards of highly flammable

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On runways, green lights indicate the beginning of the runway for landing, while red lights indicate the end of the runway.

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in March 1920. In 1922, the first permanent airport and commercial terminal solely for commercial aviation was opened at

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Some airports have unofficial names, possibly so widely circulated that its official name is little used or even known.

454: 5435: 2344: 1474:, though a single controller may work both stations. The busiest airports may subdivide responsibilities further, with 1304: 925:, to transport baggage from the baggage drop-off to departing planes, and from arriving planes to the baggage reclaim. 545: 3605: 3407: 3265: 1325:

The distances passengers need to move within a large airport can be substantial. It is common for airports to provide

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the economic stability and staff resources necessary to grow in-house expertise and fund comprehensive new programs.

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predominate, and mainly enable a company's maintenance activity to be monitored, planned, recorded and rationalized.

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86.342 (2019): 300–335; In USA, airport size has a positive effect on local employment, with an elasticity of 0.04.

4306: 3718: 2767: 2435: 2324: 2057: 2017: 1991: 1793: 1437: 1424: 1035: 126: 4944: 1419: 180:, which comprises an aerially accessible open space including at least one operationally active surface such as a 6355: 6314: 6126: 2893: 2888:(CAA). Pooley's also contains information on some continental European airports that are close to Great Britain. 2299:

Most airport names include the location. Many airport names honour a public figure, commonly a politician (e.g.,

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An airport can have areas where collisions between aircraft on the ground tend to occur. Records are kept of any

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For both sets of passengers, there must be a link between the passenger facilities and the aircraft, such as

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In the US, commercial airports are generally operated directly by government entities or government-created

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opened in 1913 and remains in use, although it served as an American military field between 1945 and 1949.

2134: 2037: 1598: 1296:('freeways' or 'motorways') from which motor vehicles enter either the departure loop or the arrival loop. 1184: 577: 474: 387:, which term to use in the name of an aerodrome may be a commercial decision. In US technical/legal usage, 146: 2413:

opened in January 1911, making it the oldest commercial airport in the world which is still in operation.

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in New York City charges $ 45 per hour for a plane of 100,000 pounds and the price increases with weight.

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the wind to achieve maximum performance. Because pilots need instantaneous information during landing, a

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The majority of the world's airports are small facilities without a tower. Not all towered airports have

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which has the distinction of being the first privately owned public airport in Pakistan and South Asia.

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traffic. Runways were extended out to 3,000 m (9,800 ft). The fields were constructed out of

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Sample infrastructure of a typical airport. Larger airports usually contain more runways and terminals.

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The information is found in Pooley's Flight Guide, a publication compiled with the assistance of the

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often have their own on-site and adjacent infrastructure to transfer parcels between ground and air.

1061: 521: 1463:(RVT) is a system in which ATC is handled by controllers who are not present at the airport itself. 399:

means "a landing area used regularly by aircraft for receiving or discharging passengers or cargo".

7570: 6319: 6161: 6076: 5905: 5485: 5475: 5281: 4407:"Ground-based power supply system to operate hybrid-electric aircraft for future regional airports" 2813: 2763: 2683: 2505: 2486: 2378: 2107: 1754: 1673: 1613: 1530: 1516: 1466:

Air traffic control responsibilities at airports are usually divided into at least two main areas:

1460: 790:, dining, or waiting passengers. Depending on the airport, passengers and staff must be checked by 771: 683: 628: 373: 280: 55: 35: 2582: 2185: 528:

consortium in 2006, has been further divested and downsized to operating just Heathrow. Germany's

488:

in China. It has a length of 5,500 m (18,045 ft). The world's widest paved runway is at

7674: 7634: 7580: 6151: 6116: 6081: 5973: 5814: 5744: 5605: 5370: 3889: 2737: 2396: 1950: 1870:

The length of time an aircraft remains on the ground in between consecutive flights is known as "

1609:(GPS) is rapidly increasing and may eventually become the primary means for instrument landings. 1334: 1237: 1217: 922: 515:

is publicly financed by the states of Berlin and Brandenburg and the Federal Republic of Germany.

481: 340: 4052: 3556: 2918:

also includes extensive airport data but has been unavailable to the public at large since 2006.

1010:, airport security has dramatically increased and gotten tighter and stricter than ever before. 818:

to employees, to assist in their reliable, standardized and efficient verification of identity.

7332: 7312: 7056: 7051: 6803: 6276: 6239: 5791: 5543: 1730: 1346: 1233: 1135: 1127: 344:

Aerial view of Hong Kong's old airport Kai Tak airport. Taken the day after the airport closed.

142: 72: 4735: 3775: 2461: 2361:. This includes some airports that do not have scheduled international airline services (e.g. 1898: 1854:

A toilet waste truck to empty the tank which holds the waste from the toilets in the aircraft.

7689: 7669: 7484: 7317: 6977: 6659: 6465: 6266: 6184: 6156: 6146: 5693: 5600: 5553: 5490: 5296: 4083: 4031: 2789: 2713: 2439: 2404: 2400: 2358: 2232: 1968:. These tend to attract bird populations, which can pose a hazard to aircraft in the form of 1954: 1782: 837: 473:

In the United States, the minimum dimensions for dry, hard landing fields are defined by the

446: 369: 4791: 2750:

Several computer simulation games put the player in charge of an airport. These include the

2504:

The first lighting used on an airport was during the latter part of the 1920s; in the 1930s

1381:, there have been discussions on the need for systemic improvements in three primary areas: 372:

reserved exclusively for those aerodromes certified or licensed as airports by the relevant

7664: 7629: 7357: 7327: 7282: 7093: 6972: 6686: 6649: 6470: 6281: 6136: 6046: 6036: 5836: 5830: 5678: 5400: 5019: 4922: 4682: 4513: 4500:

Ollas; Sigarchian; Alfredsson; Leijon; Santos Döhler; Aalhuizen; Thiringer; Thomas (2023).

4455: 4129: 3313: 3043: 2929:(AIP) is provided by Japan Aeronautical Information Service Center, under the authority of 2689: 2485:, near Paris. The first airport to operate scheduled international commercial services was 2382: 2308: 2163: 2021: 2005:

Some airfields now have a special surface known as soft concrete at the end of the runway (

1935: 1225: 1221: 1205: 1003: 963:" are being designed which could be located out at sea and which would use designs such as 759: 4418: 1874:". Airlines seek to minimize turnaround times, with times scheduled as low as 25 minutes. 1248:

lines or other non-road public transport systems. Some examples of this would include the

255: 8: 7704: 7684: 7499: 7194: 7073: 6866: 6861: 6557: 6507: 6455: 6214: 6166: 6091: 6066: 6031: 6026: 5900: 5873: 5563: 5415: 5250: 2862: 2695: 2629: 2555: 1652: 1503: 1456: 1441: 1430: 690:

tax are the taxes that are paid by the passengers and airlines help fund these accounts.

485: 427: 221: 193: 5023: 4686: 4517: 4459: 4133: 2357:

Some airport names include the word "International" to indicate their ability to handle

1597:(VOR) to help pilots find the direction to the airport. VORs are often accompanied by a 1180: 7458: 7259: 6886: 6691: 6674: 6597: 6204: 5843: 5195: 5133: 5108: 4893:"Muscat International Airport to install USD10 million Aaronia counter-UAS system" 4761: 4716: 4628: 4601: 4190: 4014: 3979: 3688: 3465: 2846: 2611: 1943: 1668: 1555: 1396: 1289: 1273: 777:

Airports are divided into landside and airside zones. The landside is subject to fewer

260: 5092:

Horonjeff, Robert, Francis X. McKelvey, William J. Sproule, and Seth B. Young. (2010)

4652:"Study Shows The Huge Impact Our Gross Airport Hygiene Has on The Spread of Pandemics" 4602:"Deposition of respiratory virus pathogens on frequently touched surfaces at airports" 4220:

Anurag, Anurag; Zhang, Jiemin; Gwamuri, Jephias; Pearce, Joshua M. (August 12, 2017).

3404:"Airport and Airway Trust Fund: Preliminary Observations on Past, Present, and Future" 1620:. Once the pilots can see the runway lights, they may continue with a visual landing. 1589:

There are a number of aids, both visual and electronic, though not at all airports. A

7748: 7417: 7083: 7018: 6984: 6609: 6552: 6435: 6329: 6224: 6199: 6041: 5948: 5925: 5824: 5658: 5580: 5575: 5359: 5138: 5071: 4996: 4741: 4720: 4708: 4633: 4558: 4543:"Charging Technology for Electric Aircraft: State of the Art, Trends, and Challenges" 4479: 4471: 4422: 4387: 4383: 4243: 4194: 4180: 4147: 4019: 4001: 3680: 3595: 3535: 3438: 2743: 2653: 2617: 2524: 2228: 2208: 2093: 1860:

A refueling vehicle. The fuel may come from a tanker, or from underground fuel tanks.

1563: 1378: 1209: 1204:

Many large airports are located near railway trunk routes for seamless connection of

616: 553: 529: 217: 5199: 5008:"Ready for take-off? The economic effects of regional airport expansions in Germany" 3692: 3154: 3128: 3076: 1593:(VASI) helps pilots fly the approach for landing. Some airports are equipped with a 220:. In some countries, the US in particular, airports also typically have one or more 7728: 7644: 7608: 7598: 7555: 7550: 7530: 7525: 7407: 7352: 7322: 6813: 6773: 6711: 6592: 6577: 6572: 6492: 6450: 6402: 6096: 6056: 5953: 5920: 5848: 5683: 5663: 5648: 5615: 5610: 5495: 5470: 5344: 5316: 5187: 5128: 5120: 5067: 5037: 5027: 4698: 4690: 4623: 4613: 4550: 4526: 4521: 4501: 4463: 4414: 4379: 4233: 4172: 4137: 4009: 3991: 3812: 3670: 3587: 2978: 2826: 2774: 2719: 2701: 2390: 2264: 2243: 2224: 2216: 2189: 2083: 1979: 1924: 1491: 1123: 1107: 976: 960: 898: 873: 867: 849: 791: 782: 225: 201: 5191: 5124: 5032: 5007: 2731: 2032: 1664:

that help guide planes using the runways and taxiways at night or in rain or fog.

1058:

artworks next to the airport's shops in order to draw passengers into the stores.

7443: 7277: 7113: 6934: 6818: 6788: 6731: 6619: 6604: 6324: 6286: 6254: 6229: 6111: 6013: 5983: 5968: 5963: 5773: 5765: 5500: 5172: 3865: 2964: 2490: 2410: 2386: 2274: 2220: 2138: 2087: 2066: 1931: 1871: 1785: 1696: 1661: 1261: 1146: 992: 245: 237: 4542: 4406: 4291: 3675: 3658: 3287: 2914:(A/FD) (now officially termed the Chart Supplement) published in seven volumes. 2374:

concrete surfaces would allow landings regardless of meteorological conditions.

1886:

To manage these airport assets, several solutions are competing for the market:

1643: 928:

The area where the aircraft parks to load passengers and baggage is known as an

7659: 7560: 7540: 7376: 7297: 7088: 7013: 6942: 6736: 6527: 6360: 6296: 6271: 6249: 6219: 6194: 6176: 6121: 6071: 6061: 6051: 5890: 5750: 5740: 5688: 5653: 5570: 5548: 5510: 5349: 5339: 5052:

Airline network development in Europe and its implications for airport planning

4986:

Airport engineering: planning, design, and development of 21st century airports

4292:"Kandt and R. Romero . Implementing Solar Technologies at Airports NREL Report" 3840: 2751: 2426: 2422: 2414: 2251: 2098: 2062: 1647: 1629: 1326: 1131: 996: 881: 857: 803: 799: 795: 787: 739: 722: 687: 679: 620: 450: 287: 249: 240:

and other environmental impacts, making them sites that acutely experience the

213: 209: 4618: 4467: 4142: 4117: 1842:(in some airports) or stairs unit to allow passengers to embark and disembark. 1490:

Ground control is responsible for directing all ground traffic in designated "

639:

such as Boundary Bay Airport and Pitt Meadows Airport, are municipally owned.

477:. These include considerations for safety margins during landing and takeoff. 152: 7742: 7709: 7654: 7249: 7234: 7214: 7209: 6952: 6838: 6721: 6681: 6669: 6562: 6428: 6291: 6209: 5978: 5868: 5713: 5558: 5334: 5276: 5266: 5080:

Naked Airport: A Cultural History of the World's Most Revolutionary Structure

4562: 4554: 4475: 4391: 4247: 4151: 4005: 3684: 3550:"SCHEDULE OF CHARGES FOR AIR TERMINALS John F. Kennedy International Airport" 3011: 3001: 1939: 1817: 1408: 1241: 1166: 1077: 778: 431: 233: 205: 4670: 4577:"Airport security bins can be germier than the bathrooms, a new study finds" 4443: 2498: 2133:

The world's first airport to be fully powered by solar energy is located at

360:

may imply or confer a certain stature upon the aviation facility that other

212:, air traffic control centres, passenger facilities such as restaurants and 7723: 7694: 7679: 7479: 7463: 7453: 7422: 7402: 7386: 7347: 7307: 7302: 7287: 7244: 6967: 6746: 6654: 6567: 6482: 6445: 6086: 6003: 5993: 5988: 5958: 5806: 5735: 5668: 5620: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5538: 5520: 5286: 5173:"Evolution of domestic airport networks: A review and comparative analysis" 5142: 5058:

Gillen, David (2011). "The evolution of airport ownership and governance".

4712: 4637: 4483: 4368:"Fully solar powered airport: A case study of Cochin International airport" 4023: 3996: 3581: 3403: 2972: 2677: 2647: 2605: 2559: 2551: 2540: 2269: 2246:

is a warship that functions as a mobile airbase. Aircraft carriers allow a

2236: 2122: 1942:. The crews are also trained to deal with situations such as bomb threats, 1771: 1374: 1249: 815: 807: 467: 376:

after meeting specified certification criteria or regulatory requirements.

177: 3374: 2777:

and contact information where prior arrangement for landing is necessary.

2215:, provide facilities similar to their civilian counterparts. For example, 1377:. After thousands of ground operations staff left the industry during the 7699: 7337: 7199: 7169: 7159: 6947: 6914: 6894: 6751: 6512: 6306: 6260: 6131: 5997: 5770: 5727: 5643: 4703: 4581: 3343: 2470: 2438:

near Bangkok, Thailand, opened 1914, is also a contender, as well as the

2137:, India. Another airport known for considering environmental concerns is 1972:. Airport crews often need to discourage birds from taking up residence. 1969: 1126:

and dedicated check-in counters. These services are usually reserved for

1007: 743: 713: 699: 604:. In Pakistan nearly all civilian airports are owned and operated by the 593: 585: 326: 113: 105: 5515: 5042: 4222:"General Design Procedures for Airport-Based Solar Photovoltaic Systems" 3707: 1554:

one specific altitude, usually 800 or 1,000 ft (244 or 305 m)

1399:

where ground operations occur are generally divided into three regions:

1369:

Airport operations are made possible by an organized network of trained

650:

Despite the reluctance to privatize airports in the US (contrary to the

7639: 7509: 7229: 7224: 7144: 7046: 6924: 6904: 6856: 6823: 6793: 6758: 6701: 6629: 6624: 6587: 6517: 6502: 6477: 6460: 6423: 6350: 5698: 5505: 4957: 4694: 4444:"Airports Offer Unrealized Potential for Alternative Energy Production" 4307:"Airports could power 100,000 homes if we covered them in solar panels" 4238: 4221: 2822: 2659: 2641: 2635: 2591: 2482: 2421:

opened on September 16, 1916, as a military airfield, but has accepted

2154: 2040:, India, the world's first airport to be fully powered by solar energy. 1995: 1987: 1839: 1825: 1767: 1245: 914: 284: 276: 5219: 5109:"Airport risk of importation and exportation of the COVID-19 pandemic" 4993:

Imperial Airways – The Birth of the British Airline Industry 1914–1940

4091:

George Mason University Center for Air Transportation Systems Research

2792:, a government owned corporation charged with managing Australian ATC. 259:

Commercial jets wait for the "7am hold" to pass before departing from

7342: 7292: 7239: 7154: 7108: 7078: 7068: 7008: 6962: 6919: 6909: 6828: 6798: 6783: 6726: 6582: 6440: 6345: 5638: 3205: 2671: 2623: 2193: 2010: 2006: 1927:'s runway. The movable barrier closes when aircraft land or take off. 1543: 1081: 1039: 987: 537: 525: 361: 330: 295: 169: 6763: 2519: 2044: 2020:

to respond to emergencies. These use specialized vehicles, known as

272: 7174: 7164: 7149: 7139: 7118: 7098: 7063: 7041: 7003: 6994: 6957: 6871: 6644: 6614: 6371: 6021: 5755: 5673: 5530: 5324: 4176: 3659:"Single Till or Dual Till at Airports: A Two-sided Market Analysis" 3591: 2991: 2800: 2180: 1920: 1759: 1741: 1502:

Tower control is responsible for aircraft on the runway and in the

1099: 918: 507: 423: 419: 321: 307: 301: 185: 173: 3437:. Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Airports Council International. 2023. 2711:. They have also played important parts in television series like 2550:

Airport construction boomed during the 1960s with the increase in

2532: 7489: 7366: 7204: 7036: 6876: 6848: 6778: 6768: 6664: 5943: 5935: 5760: 5723: 5462: 5329: 5258: 2986: 2381:

near Paris was established in 1907 and has been operating since.

1965: 1958: 1404: 1265: 903: 863:

The following facilities are essential for departing passengers:

811: 533: 439: 435: 189: 31: 4405:

Meindl, Markus; März, Martin; Weber, Kai Johannes (March 2023).

4165:

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering (October 23, 2019).

2935:

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan

2516:. Additional lights indicated incorrect altitude and direction. 2339:) or a prominent figure in aviation history of the region (e.g. 1357: 1018: 890:

The following facilities are essential for arriving passengers:

7189: 7184: 7103: 6808: 6634: 6487: 5708: 4541:

Liang, Yawen; Mouli, Gautham Ram Chandra; Bauer, Pavol (2023).

4499: 2528: 2454: 2113:

A 2019 report from the Cooperative Research Programs of the US

1789: 1400: 1288:(MBTA). Such a connection lowers risk of missed flights due to 1277: 1188: 944: 197: 181: 4984:

Ashford, Norman J., Saleh Mumayiz, and Paul H. Wright. (2011)

4164: 3628:"Economy Parking | Chicago O'Hare International Airport (ORD)" 983:

Airport security repercussions due to the September 11 attacks

263:

in Orange County (Santa Ana), California, on February 14, 2015

6899: 4945:"Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP), NOTAMs in Japan" 2915: 2850: 2148: 1831:

Among the vehicles that serve an airliner on the ground are:

1722: 1165:

In addition to people, airports move cargo around the clock.

1150: 1111: 1085: 1043: 718: 434:. Such a base typically includes a stretch of open water for 204:, to maintain and monitor aircraft. Larger airports may have 4737:

Soft Landing: Airline Industry Strategy, Service, and Safety

4441: 2445: 2027: 7264: 7219: 6833: 6696: 2574:

which have been installed on major international airports.

2247: 2219:

in the UK has a terminal that caters to passengers for the

1851:

A catering service to deliver food and drinks for a flight.

1835:

A tow tractor to move the aircraft in and out of the berth.

1452: 1370: 1122:

services. The premium and VIP services may include express

470:, has a runway that is only 122 m (400 ft) long. 334: 5163:

Sheard, Nicholas. (2019) "Airport size and urban growth."

4116:

Yesudian, Aaron N.; Dawson, Richard J. (January 1, 2021).

1240:. It is also common to connect an airport and a city with 1080:

popular in Japan. A slightly larger variety is known as a

6418: 4337:"world's first solar power airport is in Kerala - qoobon" 3977: 3317: 2167: 1764: 1578: 1119: 651: 4219: 1866:

A vehicle to transport luggage to and from the terminal.

1748: 1329:, buses, and rail transport systems. Some airports like 1177:

areas – export, import, and interline or transshipment.

856:, still have one terminal. The terminal has a series of 738:

part of non-aeronautical revenue airports makes through

192:, and often includes adjacent utility buildings such as 5820:

Air route authority between the United States and China

4792:"Pearson Field - Fort Vancouver National Historic Site" 3402:

Office, U. S. Government Accountability (May 4, 2005).

2566:

The malicious use of UAVs has led to the deployment of

1863:

A conveyor belt unit for loading and unloading luggage.

670:

which finances aviation programs in the United States.

5171:

Wandelt, Sebastian; Sun, Xiaoqian; Zhang, Jun (2019).

4599: 2839:

European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation

1857:

A water truck to fill the water tanks of the aircraft.

1091:

Some airports provide smoking areas and prayer areas.

698:

Airports revenues are divided into three major parts:

356:

are often interchanged. However, in general, the term

3708:"Single-Till versus Dual-Till Regulation of Airports" 2086:

now. A temperature rise of 2C – consistent with the

860:, which provide passengers with access to the plane. 348:

In colloquial use in certain environments, the terms

4118:"Global analysis of sea level rise risk to airports" 3129:"Helipad – Definition of helipad by Merriam-Webster" 3077:"Airport – Definition of airport by Merriam-Webster" 3029:

List of cities with more than one commercial airport

2954: 2489:

in August 1919, but it was closed and supplanted by

4921:. Airservices.gov.au. July 16, 2010. Archived from 4547:

IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification

3530: 3528: 2377:The title of "world's oldest airport" is disputed. 897:Baggage reclaim facilities, often in the form of a 4956: 4366:Sukumaran, Sreenath; Sudhakar, K. (July 1, 2017). 3808:"Your Misery at the Airport Is Great for Business" 3774: 3155:"Hangar – Definition of hangar by Merriam-Webster" 3103:"Runway – Definition of runway by Merriam-Webster" 2121:A growing number of airports are installing solar 1292:. Large airports usually have access also through 502: 418:An airport solely serving helicopters is called a 4867:"Heathrow picks C-UAS to combat drone disruption" 4365: 4036:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 ( 3949:"Improve your airport maintenance with your CMMS" 2337:Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport 2258: 1888:CMMS (computerized maintenance management system) 1084:. An even larger type is provided by the company 949:Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport 878:Passport control (for some international flights) 244:. Airports are also vulnerable infrastructure to 7740: 5101:Wayfinding, Consumption, and Air Terminal Design 4668: 4084:"Introduction to Airports Design and Operations" 3867:Wayfinding, Consumption, and Air Terminal Design 3525: 1331:Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport 627:authority that oversees several airports in the 574:Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport 492:in Russia and is 105 m (344 ft) wide. 412:Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport 172:with extended facilities, mostly for commercial 5859:Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives 5170: 4540: 4404: 2865:(Federal Office for Civil Aviation of Germany). 1361:The apron from the top floor observation room, 1149:, showers, quiet areas, televisions, computer, 750:in Chicago charges $ 2 per hour for every car. 5106: 4115: 3980:"Aviation Noise Impacts: State of the Science" 2876:edited by Delville and published by Breitling. 1883:maintain them at an optimal level of service. 1725:format, are available over the radio, through 894:Passport control (international arrivals only) 770:"Airside" redirects here. For other uses, see 582:Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport 364:may not have achieved. In some jurisdictions, 137:Simón Bolívar International Airport (Colombia) 6387: 5235: 4949:Japan Aeronautical Information Service Center 4262:"7 cool solar installations at U.S. airports" 2078:programs where they frighten or shoot birds. 1902:"FLF Panther" airport crash tender in Germany 1550:equipment, things are very different though. 765: 3879:USA Today newspaper, October 17, 2006, p. 2D 2577: 2431:Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport 2125:arrays to offset their electricity use. The 1964:Many airports are built near open fields or 1520: 1160: 1073:overnight lodging for displaced passengers. 721:and shows which is paid while paying for an 562:Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport 5005: 3705: 2434:busiest that is still currently operating. 2288:Airports are uniquely represented by their 1195: 1094: 732: 325:refer to airports dedicated exclusively to 6394: 6380: 5242: 5228: 2368: 2149:Airport hygiene and public health concerns 1436:A "towered" or "controlled" airport has a 1385:Improving talent acquisition and retention 1286:Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority 449:has additional facilities for customs and 5132: 5041: 5031: 4702: 4627: 4617: 4525: 4305:Melville, Sabrina Fearon (May 21, 2021). 4237: 4141: 4013: 3995: 3942: 3940: 3776:"The Airline Pilots Forum & Resource" 3674: 3656: 2853:services for multiple European countries. 2803:is responsible for the airports in Brazil 2570:(C-UAS) technologies such as the Aaronia 2510:International Civil Aviation Organization 2321:Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport 2028:Environmental concerns and sustainability 1877: 1482:, and/or other specialized ATC stations. 558:Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport 91:Learn how and when to remove this message 5085:Halpern, Nigel, and Anne Graham. (2013) 4304: 4168:Airport Greenhouse Gas Reduction Efforts 4050: 3838: 3344:"Airport & Airway Trust Fund (AATF)" 3186:16 July 2020 to 0901Z 10 September 2020. 2900:also publishes an online AIP for the UK. 2784:Information can be found on-line in the 2581: 2518: 2460: 2444: 2385:in Maryland, US, established in 1909 by 2268: 2199:An airbase, sometimes referred to as an 2184: 2092: 2043: 2031: 2009:or blastpad) that behaves somewhat like 1986:During the 1980s, a phenomenon known as 1905: 1897: 1798: 1776: 1758: 1708: 1680:to save electricity and staffing costs. 1676:, or ALS). Low-traffic airports may use 1651: 1577: 1418: 1356: 1303: 1179: 1098: 1060: 1054:(MSRP) but are almost never discounted. 1029: 1017: 1013: 986: 938: 836: 825: 570:Thiruvananthapuram International Airport 506: 455:15 of the top 50 buildings by floor area 406: 339: 271: 254: 151: 141: 131: 120: 112: 104: 54:This article includes a list of general 5249: 4772:from the original on September 25, 2019 4272:from the original on September 16, 2017 3294:from the original on September 13, 2015 2886:United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority 2587:Washington Dulles International Airport 2425:only since December 17, 1920, allowing 2343:), sometimes even famous writers (e.g. 1686: 1363:Halifax Stanfield International Airport 1024:Halifax Stanfield International Airport 706: 14: 7741: 5180:Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics 5057: 4919:"En route Supplement Australia (ERSA)" 4733: 4201:from the original on February 21, 2020 4081: 4051:Drescher, Cynthia (November 5, 2018). 3946: 3937: 3820:from the original on September 7, 2017 3754:from the original on September 9, 2022 3657:Malavolti, Estelle (January 1, 2016). 3401: 3161:from the original on November 17, 2015 3135:from the original on November 17, 2015 3083:from the original on December 10, 2018 3039:List of defunct international airports 2757: 1727:automatic terminal information service 1414: 1118:Airports may also contain premium and 1065:Smoking area inside Abu Dhabi airport. 668:Airport and Airway Development in 1970 311:also refer to airports, and the terms 6375: 5223: 5209:from the original on October 9, 2022. 4899:from the original on November 9, 2019 4873:from the original on November 9, 2019 4495: 4493: 4419:10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114820 4347:from the original on January 26, 2022 4111: 4109: 4107: 4100:from the original on October 9, 2022. 3805: 3583:Guidebook for Managing Small Airports 3476:from the original on February 6, 2021 3391:from the original on October 9, 2022. 1749:Airport ground crew (ground handling) 1558:(AGL). Standard traffic patterns are 1352: 1339:John F. Kennedy International Airport 1299: 1264:that runs from the heart of downtown 1254:John F. Kennedy International Airport 1052:manufacturers' suggested retail price 532:is managed by the quasi-private firm 475:FAR Landing And Takeoff Field Lengths 6401: 5082:(University of Chicago Press, 2008). 4063:from the original on January 6, 2023 3715:Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper 3665:. Transport Research Arena TRA2016. 3494: 3372: 3034:List of countries without an airport 2927:Aeronautical Information Publication 2843:Aeronautical Information Publication 2754:series, SimAirport and Airport CEO. 2726:America's Next Top Model (season 10) 2363:Port Elizabeth International Airport 2317:Soekarno–Hatta International Airport 2305:George Bush Intercontinental Airport 2174: 1893: 1573: 1388:Implementing global standardizations 1321:List of airport people mover systems 1270:Seattle–Tacoma International Airport 402: 250:climate change caused sea level rise 40: 5151:Airports: A Century of Architecture 5060:Journal of Air Transport Management 4802:from the original on March 30, 2021 4669:Nicolaides, C; et al. (2020). 4372:Journal of Air Transport Management 3959:from the original on March 28, 2019 3947:Mothes, Daphné (January 15, 2019). 3841:"Why is airport food so expensive?" 3839:Crockett, Zachary (July 20, 2019). 3806:Gross, Daniel (September 7, 2017). 3638:from the original on March 26, 2019 3410:from the original on April 30, 2019 3375:"The Airport and Airway Trust Fund" 3354:from the original on April 17, 2019 3216:from the original on April 10, 2018 2595:; the movie was actually filmed at 2451:Bender Qassim International Airport 2333:Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport 1391:Digitizing and automating processes 970: 753: 542:Indira Gandhi International Airport 442:, and seaplane docks for tying-up. 27:Facility with a runway for aircraft 24: 7566:Transit-oriented development (TOD) 4490: 4104: 3772: 3324:from the original on July 29, 2010 3109:from the original on June 12, 2018 2345:Allama Iqbal International Airport 1510: 693: 657: 546:Rajiv Gandhi International Airport 540:operates, through joint ventures, 60:it lacks sufficient corresponding 30:For the Apple product series, see 25: 7770: 5797:Environmental effects of aviation 5215: 5107:Nakamura, H.; Managi, S. (2020). 4317:from the original on May 23, 2021 3915:"Why do airports have windsocks?" 3890:"CNS Partnership Conference 2023" 3870:(London: Routledge, 2020), 44-47. 3787:from the original on May 10, 2021 3724:from the original on June 7, 2023 3373:Tang, Rachel (January 31, 2017). 3064:Historical dictionary of aviation 2997:Environmental effects of aviation 2597:Los Angeles International Airport 2467:New Orleans International Airport 2207:, provides basing and support of 2097:Open area near the runway at the 1763:An aircraft tow tractor moving a 1719:automated airport weather station 1701:Automated airport weather station 1485: 1446:common traffic advisory frequency 1343:Mexico City International Airport 633:Los Angeles International Airport 606:Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority 242:environmental effects of aviation 176:. Airports usually consist of a 7722: 7576:Transportation demand management 5072:10.1016/j.jairtraman.2010.10.003 4384:10.1016/j.jairtraman.2017.04.004 3663:Transportation Research Procedia 3608:from the original on May 6, 2019 3314:"Part 139 Airport Certification" 3206:"AirNav: 1ID9 – Skyline Airport" 2971: 2957: 2829:provides equivalent information. 2768:Aeronautical Information Service 2436:Don Mueang International Airport 2325:King Shaka International Airport 2313:O.R. Tambo International Airport 2058:Environmental impact of aviation 1990:became a growing concern due to 1794:King Shaka International Airport 1623: 1612:Larger airports sometimes offer 1497: 1425:Kempegowda International Airport 1036:Kempegowda International Airport 936:(or incorrectly, "the tarmac"). 127:Kempegowda International Airport 45: 6356:Aviation taxation and subsidies 6315:Aircraft maintenance technician 6127:Pre-flight safety demonstration 5094:Planning and Design of Airports 4977: 4937: 4911: 4885: 4859: 4850: 4814: 4784: 4754: 4727: 4662: 4644: 4600:Ikonen, N; et al. (2018). 4593: 4569: 4534: 4435: 4398: 4359: 4329: 4298: 4284: 4254: 4213: 4158: 4075: 4044: 4000:(inactive September 12, 2024). 3971: 3907: 3882: 3873: 3858: 3832: 3799: 3766: 3736: 3699: 3650: 3620: 3574: 3542: 3488: 3458: 3422: 3395: 3366: 3336: 3306: 3280: 3254: 2894:Air Navigation Service Provider 2469:passenger terminal building in 2239:in India are examples of this. 1816:) of ground crew operations at 1591:visual approach slope indicator 1584:Visual Approach Slope Indicator 1313:Hong Kong International Airport 1104:Shahjalal International Airport 831:Cape Town International Airport 676:Federal Aviation Administration 664:Airport & Airway Trust Fund 566:Mangalore International Airport 550:Bengaluru International Airport 503:Airport ownership and operation 117:Airport distribution as of 2008 4988:(John Wiley & Sons, 2011). 4527:10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121946 4053:"How Airports Keep Birds Away" 3382:Congressional Research Service 3228: 3198: 3189: 3173: 3147: 3121: 3095: 3069: 3056: 2944:Airports Council International 2666:Home Alone 2: Lost in New York 2341:Sydney Kingsford Smith Airport 2259:Airport designation and naming 870:, including a baggage drop-off 267: 13: 1: 6548:Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit 6235:Flight cancellation and delay 5864:European Common Aviation Area 5192:10.1080/21680566.2017.1301274 5125:10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.06.018 5050:Burghouwt, Guillaume. (2012) 5033:10.1080/00343404.2019.1659948 5006:Breidenbach, Philipp (2020). 3431:Airport Economics 2023 Report 3049: 2890:National Air Traffic Services 2788:(ERSA) which is published by 2786:En route Supplement Australia 2589:, ostensibly the setting for 2329:Liverpool John Lennon Airport 2127:National Renewable Energy Lab 2115:Transportation Research Board 1648:Runway § Runway lighting 1644:Taxiway § Taxiway lights 1529:At all airports the use of a 1373:, specialized equipment, and 965:pneumatic stabilized platform 906:(international arrivals only) 821: 610:Sialkot International Airport 460: 188:to take off and to land or a 7604:Passenger information system 5096:5th ed. (McGraw-Hill, 2010). 3497:"SUMMARY OF AIRPORT CHARGES" 3007:List of the busiest airports 2223:'s scheduled flights to the 2038:Cochin International Airport 1946:, and terrorist activities. 1630:Taxiway § Taxiway signs 1599:distance measuring equipment 1185:Recife International Airport 748:O'Hare International Airport 578:Jaipur International Airport 147:Bangkok Suvarnabhumi Airport 7: 6742:Demand-responsive transport 6640:Medium-capacity rail system 6190:Airline reservations system 6142:Special visual flight rules 4991:Bluffield, Robert. (2009). 4953:Japan Civil Aviation Bureau 3919:Piggotts Flags And Branding 3676:10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.489 3195:49 U.S.C. § 40102(a) (2012) 2950: 2931:Japan Civil Aviation Bureau 2568:counter unmanned air system 2327:), a cultural leader (e.g. 2050:São Paulo-Congonhas Airport 1818:Osaka International Airport 1729:(ATIS), via the ATC or the 1693:Surface weather observation 1637: 1282:Logan International Airport 1230:Hamad International Airport 995:as passengers walk through 921:. There also needs to be a 844:'s security clearance gates 672:Airport Improvement Program 645:Code of Federal Regulations 602:Airports Authority of India 598:Airports Authority of India 490:Ulyanovsk Vostochny Airport 414:is the busiest in the world 158:Dubai International Airport 10: 7775: 7505:Public transport timetable 6536:Passenger rail terminology 6245:Government contract flight 6107:Flight information service 5886:Hague Hijacking Convention 5879:EU–US Open Skies Agreement 5471:Pilot in command (Captain) 4796:U.S. National Park Service 4734:Thomas, Andrew R. (2011). 3024:Index of aviation articles 2911:Airport/Facility Directory 2898:public–private partnership 2841:(EUROCONTROL) provides an 2819:Water Aerodrome Supplement 2761: 2479:Paris – Le Bourget Airport 2419:Amsterdam Airport Schiphol 2262: 2211:. Some airbases, known as 2178: 2141:in the Galapagos Islands. 2055: 2000:Delta Air Lines Flight 191 1752: 1690: 1641: 1627: 1540:provided there is no queue 1514: 1318: 1294:controlled-access highways 1214:Amsterdam Airport Schiphol 980: 974: 854:Amsterdam Airport Schiphol 769: 766:Landside and airside areas 666:(AATF) was created by the 625:Los Angeles World Airports 590:Public Private Partnership 522:British Airports Authority 513:Berlin Brandenburg Airport 335:short take-off and landing 29: 7718: 7622: 7589: 7536:Green transport hierarchy 7518: 7472: 7436: 7395: 7273:Automated fare collection 7258: 7127: 7027: 6993: 6933: 6885: 6847: 6710: 6526: 6409: 6338: 6305: 6175: 6102:Flight information region 6012: 5934: 5805: 5782: 5722: 5704:Low-cost carrier terminal 5629: 5529: 5461: 5358: 5315: 5272:Airline holding companies 5257: 5099:Hubregtse, Menno. (2020) 5078:Gordon, Alastair. (2008) 4619:10.1186/s12879-018-3150-5 4468:10.1007/s00267-011-9803-4 4266:solarpowerworldonline.com 4143:10.1016/j.crm.2020.100266 2578:Airports in entertainment 2359:international air traffic 2349:Venice Marco Polo Airport 2301:Charles de Gaulle Airport 1781:Ground operations with a 1736:Planes take-off and land 1705:Automatic weather station 1678:pilot-controlled lighting 1607:Global Positioning System 1603:instrument landing system 1595:VHF omnidirectional range 1525:Left-hand circuit pattern 1161:Cargo and freight service 991:Baggage is scanned using 482:longest public-use runway 457:being airport terminals. 7571:Transportation authority 6320:Aircraft ground handling 6162:Upper information region 6077:Civil aviation authority 5906:Paris Convention of 1919 5153:(Harry N. Abrams, 2004). 4555:10.1109/TTE.2023.3333536 4448:Environmental Management 3781:www.theairlinepilots.com 3180:Canada Flight Supplement 2874:Aviation Generale Delage 2814:Canada Flight Supplement 2764:Civil aviation authority 2487:Hounslow Heath Aerodrome 2379:Toussus-le-Noble airport 2108:environmental protection 1755:Ground support equipment 1713:Automated weather system 1674:approach lighting system 1614:precision approach radar 1517:Airfield traffic pattern 1461:Remote and virtual tower 1196:Access and onward travel 1095:Premium and VIP services 909:A landside meeting place 772:Airside (disambiguation) 733:Non-aeronautical revenue 629:Greater Los Angeles area 422:. An airport for use by 374:civil aviation authority 125:Bangalore's new Airport 36:Airport (disambiguation) 7635:Bus rapid transit creep 7581:Transportation planning 6152:Terminal control center 6117:Instrument flight rules 5974:Baggage handling system 5815:Air transport agreement 5606:In-flight entertainment 5158:Politics at the Airport 4762:"再见！南苑机场的最后一晚和曾经辉煌的第一次" 4740:. Apress. p. 154. 4606:BMC Infectious Diseases 4122:Climate Risk Management 2825:under the authority of 2738:Air Crash Investigation 2397:Beijing Nanyuan Airport 2369:History and development 1951:airfield rubber removal 1457:area (en-route) control 1335:London Stansted Airport 1238:London Stansted Airport 1218:London Heathrow Airport 923:baggage handling system 842:Helsinki–Vantaa Airport 281:Oslo Gardermoen Airport 75:more precise citations. 7333:Manual fare collection 7313:Farebox recovery ratio 6804:Personal rapid transit 6277:Round-the-world ticket 6240:Frequent-flyer program 5149:Pearman, Hugh. (2004) 4768:. September 25, 2019. 4654:. 2020. Archived from 4585:. 2018. Archived from 4082:Sherry, Lance (2009). 3997:10.4103/nah.NAH_104_16 3706:Czerny; Zhang (2015). 2811:Two publications, the 2599: 2536: 2474: 2458: 2347:) and explorers (e.g. 2281: 2196: 2102: 2053: 2041: 1928: 1903: 1878:Maintenance management 1821: 1796: 1774: 1731:flight service station 1714: 1657: 1586: 1526: 1427: 1366: 1347:London Gatwick Airport 1316: 1309:Automated People Mover 1234:London Gatwick Airport 1192: 1115: 1066: 1046: 1027: 1022:Food court and shops, 999: 952: 845: 834: 727:John F Kennedy airport 516: 415: 345: 290: 264: 161: 149: 139: 129: 118: 110: 34:. For other uses, see 7690:Sustainable transport 7670:Passenger load factor 7485:Clock-face scheduling 7318:Free public transport 7170:Bus turnout (bus bay) 6867:Real-time ridesharing 6660:Platform screen doors 6267:Passenger name record 6185:Airline booking ploys 6157:Uncontrolled airspace 6147:Terminal control area 5784:Environmental effects 5694:International airport 5601:Crew rest compartment 5554:Premium economy class 5297:Non-scheduled airline 3744:"Landside Facilities" 3066:, History Press 2008. 2790:Airservices Australia 2585: 2522: 2464: 2448: 2440:Rome Ciampino Airport 2405:Vancouver, Washington 2401:Pearson Field Airport 2272: 2263:Further information: 2233:Bardufoss Air Station 2188: 2096: 2056:Further information: 2047: 2035: 2022:airport crash tenders 1994:caused by microburst 1961:fluids on the wings. 1955:foreign object damage 1918: 1901: 1811: 1783:South African Airways 1780: 1762: 1712: 1655: 1642:Further information: 1628:Further information: 1581: 1524: 1422: 1360: 1307: 1183: 1102: 1064: 1033: 1021: 1014:Products and services 990: 942: 840: 829: 510: 447:international airport 410: 343: 275: 258: 252:and other disasters. 155: 145: 135: 124: 116: 108: 7729:Transport portal 7665:Outline of transport 7358:Reduced fare program 7328:Integrated ticketing 7283:Contract of carriage 7094:Personal transporter 6650:Narrow-gauge railway 6498:Rail replacement bus 6137:Special use airspace 6047:Airport crash tender 6037:Aircraft safety card 5837:Cross-strait charter 5831:Bermuda II Agreement 5156:Salter, Mark. 2008. 4895:. January 21, 2019. 4343:. January 26, 2022. 3717:. TI 2015-049/VIII. 3262:"The World Factbook" 3236:"The World Factbook" 3044:List of hub airports 2690:Unaccompanied Minors 2383:College Park Airport 2309:Lennart Meri Airport 2279:Lennart Meri Airport 2164:University of Cyprus 2072:other health effects 2065:is a major cause of 2018:on-site firefighters 2016:Airports often have 1936:Airport crash tender 1687:Weather observations 1669:Runway edge lighting 1226:Tokyo Narita Airport 1222:Tokyo Haneda Airport 1206:multimodal transport 1134:passengers, premium 1004:September 11 attacks 760:price-cap regulation 707:Aeronautical revenue 596:, the operator pays 222:fixed-base operators 7705:Transport economics 7500:On-time performance 7495:Night (owl) service 7195:Interchange station 7074:Horse-drawn vehicle 6862:Flexible carpooling 6670:Metro/Rapid Transit 6215:Codeshare agreement 6167:Visual flight rules 6092:Controlled airspace 6067:Area control center 6032:Air traffic service 6027:Air traffic control 5916:Sabotage Convention 5901:Montreal Convention 5874:Freedoms of the air 5564:Basic economy class 5251:Commercial aviation 5024:2020RegSt..54.1084B 4798:. August 10, 2020. 4687:2020RiskA..40..723N 4589:on August 12, 2023. 4518:2023ApEn..35221946O 4460:2012EnMan..49..517D 4134:2021CliRM..3100266Y 4057:Condé Nast Traveler 2863:Luftfahrt-Bundesamt 2847:aeronautical charts 2758:Airport directories 2696:Catch Me If You Can 2556:reinforced concrete 2497:near what was then 2319:), a monarch (e.g. 1848:A cleaning service. 1824:Most airports have 1660:Many airports have 1504:controlled airspace 1431:Air traffic control 1415:Air traffic control 1008:Real ID Act of 2005 868:Check-in facilities 617:airport authorities 486:Qamdo Bamda Airport 484:in the world is at 428:amphibious aircraft 391:is used instead of 7459:Standing passenger 6722:Auto rickshaw taxi 6692:Suspension railway 6675:Rubber-tyred metro 6598:Heritage streetcar 6503:Share taxi/Taxibus 6205:Bereavement flight 5854:Chicago Convention 5844:Beijing Convention 5833:(UK–US, 1978–2008) 5827:(UK–US, 1946–1978) 5302:Passenger airlines 5103:(Routledge, 2020). 5089:(Routledge, 2013). 4695:10.1111/risa.13438 4268:. March 24, 2016. 4239:10.3390/en10081194 3984:Noise & Health 3748:Airport Consulting 3632:www.flychicago.com 3562:on August 19, 2019 3495:Farooqui, Aaryan. 2881:The United Kingdom 2600: 2537: 2475: 2459: 2282: 2197: 2103: 2054: 2042: 1992:aircraft accidents 1929: 1919:Road crossing of ( 1904: 1822: 1797: 1775: 1715: 1658: 1587: 1556:above ground level 1527: 1476:clearance delivery 1428: 1367: 1353:Airport operations 1317: 1300:Internal transport 1290:traffic congestion 1193: 1116: 1067: 1047: 1034:Duty-free shop at 1028: 1000: 953: 846: 835: 744:parking facilities 517: 416: 346: 291: 265: 261:John Wayne Airport 218:emergency services 162: 150: 140: 130: 119: 111: 7759:Aviation industry 7736: 7735: 7428:Transport network 7418:Non-revenue track 7084:Inclined elevator 7019:Inclined elevator 6985:Inclined elevator 6610:Higher-speed rail 6553:Airport rail link 6436:Bus rapid transit 6369: 6368: 6330:Flight dispatcher 6225:Electronic ticket 6200:Airline timetable 6042:Airport authority 5949:Baggage allowance 5926:Warsaw Convention 5825:Bermuda Agreement 5659:Airport rail link 5581:Aircraft seat map 5576:Aircraft lavatory 5307:Regional airlines 5292:Low-cost airlines 5087:Airport marketing 5001:978-1-906537-07-4 4822:"Airport History" 4747:978-1-4302-3677-1 4428:979-8-3503-4689-3 4186:978-0-309-48079-6 3925:on April 26, 2018 3864:Menno Hubregtse, 3601:978-0-309-11787-6 3444:978-1-990290-44-2 3320:. June 19, 2009. 2905:The United States 2744:Good Will Hunting 2684:Final Destination 2560:slip-form machine 2525:Mariehamn Airport 2506:approach lighting 2457:, Somalia (2007). 2294:ICAO airport code 2290:IATA airport code 2229:Bardufoss Airport 2213:military airports 2209:military aircraft 2192:at an airbase in 2175:Military air base 2067:noise disturbance 1916: 1894:Safety management 1809: 1574:Navigational aids 1564:mid-air collision 1379:COVID-19 pandemic 1210:Frankfurt Airport 961:Floating airports 680:Passenger tickets 552:is controlled by 536:. While in India 530:Frankfurt Airport 403:Types of airports 283:captured from an 101: 100: 93: 18:Airside (airport) 16:(Redirected from 7766: 7754:Public transport 7727: 7726: 7645:Destination sign 7609:Platform display 7599:Destination sign 7556:Transit district 7551:Street hierarchy 7531:Complete streets 7526:Airport security 7408:Cross-city route 7353:Proof-of-payment 7323:Free travel pass 6814:Public light bus 6774:Hackney carriage 6593:Heritage railway 6578:Elevated railway 6573:Cross-city route 6493:Public light bus 6451:Cross-city route 6403:Public transport 6396: 6389: 6382: 6373: 6372: 6097:Evacuation slide 6057:Airport security 5954:Baggage carousel 5921:Tokyo Convention 5849:Cape Town Treaty 5684:Domestic airport 5664:Airport terminal 5649:Airport check-in 5611:Inflight smoking 5496:Flight attendant 5345:Vanilla Alliance 5282:Charter airlines 5244: 5237: 5230: 5221: 5220: 5210: 5208: 5177: 5146: 5136: 5113:Transport Policy 5075: 5054:(Ashgate, 2012). 5047: 5045: 5035: 5018:(8): 1084–1097. 5012:Regional Studies 4971: 4970: 4968: 4966: 4961:on July 22, 2011 4960: 4955:. Archived from 4941: 4935: 4934: 4932: 4930: 4925:on March 1, 2011 4915: 4909: 4908: 4906: 4904: 4889: 4883: 4882: 4880: 4878: 4863: 4857: 4856:Bluffield (2009) 4854: 4848: 4847: 4845: 4843: 4838:on April 1, 2009 4837: 4831:. Archived from 4826: 4818: 4812: 4811: 4809: 4807: 4788: 4782: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4758: 4752: 4751: 4731: 4725: 4724: 4706: 4666: 4660: 4659: 4658:on June 4, 2023. 4648: 4642: 4641: 4631: 4621: 4597: 4591: 4590: 4573: 4567: 4566: 4538: 4532: 4531: 4529: 4497: 4488: 4487: 4439: 4433: 4432: 4413:. pp. 1–6. 4402: 4396: 4395: 4363: 4357: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4333: 4327: 4326: 4324: 4322: 4302: 4296: 4295: 4288: 4282: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4258: 4252: 4251: 4241: 4217: 4211: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4162: 4156: 4155: 4145: 4113: 4102: 4101: 4099: 4088: 4079: 4073: 4072: 4070: 4068: 4048: 4042: 4041: 4035: 4027: 4017: 3999: 3975: 3969: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3944: 3935: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3921:. Archived from 3911: 3905: 3904: 3902: 3900: 3886: 3880: 3877: 3871: 3862: 3856: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3836: 3830: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3803: 3797: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3778: 3770: 3764: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3740: 3734: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3723: 3712: 3703: 3697: 3696: 3678: 3654: 3648: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3624: 3618: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3578: 3572: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3561: 3555:. Archived from 3554: 3546: 3540: 3539: 3532: 3523: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3512: 3506:. Archived from 3501: 3492: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3462: 3456: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3436: 3426: 3420: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3399: 3393: 3392: 3390: 3379: 3370: 3364: 3363: 3361: 3359: 3340: 3334: 3333: 3331: 3329: 3310: 3304: 3303: 3301: 3299: 3284: 3278: 3277: 3275: 3273: 3264:. Archived from 3258: 3252: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3242:on June 25, 2014 3238:. Archived from 3232: 3226: 3225: 3223: 3221: 3202: 3196: 3193: 3187: 3182:. Effective 0901 3177: 3171: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3151: 3145: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3125: 3119: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3099: 3093: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3073: 3067: 3060: 2981: 2979:Transport portal 2976: 2975: 2967: 2962: 2961: 2960: 2908:The US uses the 2861:Provided by the 2827:Transport Canada 2720:The Amazing Race 2391:general aviation 2277:, also known as 2265:List of airports 2244:aircraft carrier 2225:Falkland Islands 2217:RAF Brize Norton 2190:Fighter aircraft 2084:coastal flooding 2036:Solar panels at 1925:Sumburgh Airport 1917: 1810: 1656:Airport lighting 1533:(often called a 977:Airport security 971:Airport security 833:'s check-in hall 788:airside shopping 783:airport check-in 754:Price regulation 746:of the airport. 621:port authorities 584:are operated by 495:As of 2009, the 451:passport control 226:general aviation 96: 89: 85: 82: 76: 71:this article by 62:inline citations 49: 48: 41: 21: 7774: 7773: 7769: 7768: 7767: 7765: 7764: 7763: 7739: 7738: 7737: 7732: 7721: 7714: 7618: 7591: 7585: 7514: 7468: 7444:Checked baggage 7432: 7391: 7278:Bus advertising 7262: 7254: 7123: 7114:Trackless train 7057:Scooter-sharing 7052:Bicycle-sharing 7029: 7023: 6989: 6929: 6881: 6843: 6819:Pulled rickshaw 6789:Motorcycle taxi 6732:Combination bus 6713: 6706: 6620:Inter-city rail 6605:High-speed rail 6522: 6405: 6400: 6370: 6365: 6334: 6325:Baggage handler 6301: 6255:Open-jaw ticket 6230:Fare basis code 6177:Airline tickets 6171: 6112:Flight recorder 6014:Aviation safety 6008: 5984:Checked baggage 5969:Baggage handler 5964:Baggage reclaim 5930: 5911:Rome Convention 5801: 5778: 5766:Travel document 5718: 5625: 5525: 5501:Flight engineer 5457: 5354: 5311: 5253: 5248: 5218: 5213: 5206: 5175: 4980: 4975: 4974: 4964: 4962: 4943: 4942: 4938: 4928: 4926: 4917: 4916: 4912: 4902: 4900: 4891: 4890: 4886: 4876: 4874: 4865: 4864: 4860: 4855: 4851: 4841: 4839: 4835: 4824: 4820: 4819: 4815: 4805: 4803: 4790: 4789: 4785: 4775: 4773: 4760: 4759: 4755: 4748: 4732: 4728: 4667: 4663: 4650: 4649: 4645: 4598: 4594: 4575: 4574: 4570: 4539: 4535: 4498: 4491: 4440: 4436: 4429: 4403: 4399: 4364: 4360: 4350: 4348: 4335: 4334: 4330: 4320: 4318: 4303: 4299: 4290: 4289: 4285: 4275: 4273: 4260: 4259: 4255: 4218: 4214: 4204: 4202: 4187: 4163: 4159: 4114: 4105: 4097: 4086: 4080: 4076: 4066: 4064: 4049: 4045: 4029: 4028: 3976: 3972: 3962: 3960: 3945: 3938: 3928: 3926: 3913: 3912: 3908: 3898: 3896: 3888: 3887: 3883: 3878: 3874: 3863: 3859: 3849: 3847: 3837: 3833: 3823: 3821: 3804: 3800: 3790: 3788: 3771: 3767: 3757: 3755: 3742: 3741: 3737: 3727: 3725: 3721: 3710: 3704: 3700: 3655: 3651: 3641: 3639: 3626: 3625: 3621: 3611: 3609: 3602: 3580: 3579: 3575: 3565: 3563: 3559: 3552: 3548: 3547: 3543: 3534: 3533: 3526: 3516: 3514: 3510: 3499: 3493: 3489: 3479: 3477: 3470:guides.erau.edu 3464: 3463: 3459: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3434: 3428: 3427: 3423: 3413: 3411: 3400: 3396: 3388: 3377: 3371: 3367: 3357: 3355: 3342: 3341: 3337: 3327: 3325: 3312: 3311: 3307: 3297: 3295: 3286: 3285: 3281: 3271: 3269: 3268:on May 30, 2016 3260: 3259: 3255: 3245: 3243: 3234: 3233: 3229: 3219: 3217: 3204: 3203: 3199: 3194: 3190: 3178: 3174: 3164: 3162: 3153: 3152: 3148: 3138: 3136: 3127: 3126: 3122: 3112: 3110: 3101: 3100: 3096: 3086: 3084: 3075: 3074: 3070: 3061: 3057: 3052: 2977: 2970: 2965:Aviation portal 2963: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2821:, published by 2770: 2760: 2580: 2495:Flughafen Devau 2491:Croydon Airport 2411:Hamburg Airport 2371: 2275:Tallinn Airport 2267: 2261: 2221:Royal Air Force 2183: 2177: 2151: 2139:Seymour Airport 2088:Paris Agreement 2060: 2030: 1932:Aviation safety 1906: 1896: 1880: 1872:turnaround time 1799: 1786:Airbus A320-200 1757: 1751: 1707: 1697:Weather station 1689: 1650: 1640: 1632: 1626: 1576: 1535:traffic circuit 1531:traffic pattern 1519: 1513: 1511:Traffic pattern 1500: 1488: 1423:Airport Tower, 1417: 1355: 1327:moving walkways 1323: 1302: 1262:Link light rail 1208:, for instance 1198: 1163: 1136:frequent flyers 1097: 1016: 997:metal detectors 985: 979: 973: 874:Security checks 824: 804:moving walkways 775: 768: 756: 735: 709: 696: 694:Airport revenue 660: 658:Airport funding 623:), such as the 619:(also known as 505: 463: 405: 270: 246:extreme weather 238:noise pollution 210:taxiway bridges 97: 86: 80: 77: 67:Please help to 66: 50: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7772: 7762: 7761: 7756: 7751: 7734: 7733: 7719: 7716: 7715: 7713: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7660:Land transport 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7626: 7624: 7620: 7619: 7617: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7595: 7593: 7587: 7586: 7584: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7561:Transit police 7558: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7541:Rail subsidies 7538: 7533: 7528: 7522: 7520: 7516: 7515: 7513: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7476: 7474: 7470: 7469: 7467: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7440: 7438: 7434: 7433: 7431: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7415: 7413:Network length 7410: 7405: 7399: 7397: 7393: 7392: 7390: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7377:Ticket machine 7374: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7298:Fare avoidance 7295: 7290: 7285: 7280: 7275: 7269: 7267: 7256: 7255: 7253: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7222: 7217: 7212: 7207: 7202: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7182: 7180:Ferry terminal 7177: 7172: 7167: 7162: 7157: 7152: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7131: 7129: 7125: 7124: 7122: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7089:Moving walkway 7086: 7081: 7076: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7060: 7059: 7054: 7044: 7039: 7033: 7031: 7025: 7024: 7022: 7021: 7016: 7014:Moving walkway 7011: 7006: 7000: 6998: 6991: 6990: 6988: 6987: 6982: 6981: 6980: 6975: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6943:Aerial tramway 6939: 6937: 6931: 6930: 6928: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6891: 6889: 6883: 6882: 6880: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6853: 6851: 6845: 6844: 6842: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6755: 6754: 6749: 6739: 6737:Cycle rickshaw 6734: 6729: 6724: 6718: 6716: 6708: 6707: 6705: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6687:Street running 6684: 6679: 6678: 6677: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6622: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6601: 6600: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6544: 6543: 6532: 6530: 6524: 6523: 6521: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6474: 6473: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6432: 6431: 6426: 6415: 6413: 6407: 6406: 6399: 6398: 6391: 6384: 6376: 6367: 6366: 6364: 6363: 6361:Mile high club 6358: 6353: 6348: 6342: 6340: 6336: 6335: 6333: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6311: 6309: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6299: 6297:Travel website 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6272:Red-eye flight 6269: 6264: 6257: 6252: 6250:One-way travel 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6220:Continent pass 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6195:Airline ticket 6192: 6187: 6181: 6179: 6173: 6172: 6170: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6122:Overwing exits 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6072:Brace position 6069: 6064: 6062:Airspace class 6059: 6054: 6052:Airport police 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6018: 6016: 6010: 6009: 6007: 6006: 6001: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5940: 5938: 5932: 5931: 5929: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5891:Hague Protocol 5888: 5883: 5882: 5881: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5840: 5839: 5834: 5828: 5822: 5811: 5809: 5803: 5802: 5800: 5799: 5794: 5788: 5786: 5780: 5779: 5777: 5776: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5751:Departure card 5748: 5741:Border control 5738: 5732: 5730: 5720: 5719: 5717: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5654:Airport lounge 5651: 5646: 5641: 5635: 5633: 5627: 5626: 5624: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5571:Aircraft cabin 5568: 5567: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5549:Business class 5546: 5535: 5533: 5527: 5526: 5524: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5511:Aircraft pilot 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5481:Second officer 5478: 5473: 5467: 5465: 5459: 5458: 5456: 5455: 5454: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5432:Other regions 5430: 5429: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5410: 5409: 5408: 5403: 5397:United States 5395: 5394: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5367:International 5364: 5362: 5356: 5355: 5353: 5352: 5350:U-FLY Alliance 5347: 5342: 5340:Value Alliance 5337: 5332: 5327: 5321: 5319: 5313: 5312: 5310: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5263: 5261: 5255: 5254: 5247: 5246: 5239: 5232: 5224: 5217: 5216:External links 5214: 5212: 5211: 5168: 5161: 5154: 5147: 5104: 5097: 5090: 5083: 5076: 5055: 5048: 5003: 4989: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4973: 4972: 4936: 4910: 4884: 4858: 4849: 4829:Sydney Airport 4813: 4783: 4753: 4746: 4726: 4681:(4): 723–740. 4661: 4643: 4592: 4568: 4533: 4506:Applied Energy 4489: 4454:(3): 517–522. 4434: 4427: 4397: 4358: 4341:www.qoobon.com 4328: 4297: 4283: 4253: 4212: 4185: 4177:10.17226/25609 4157: 4103: 4074: 4043: 3970: 3936: 3906: 3881: 3872: 3857: 3831: 3798: 3765: 3735: 3698: 3649: 3619: 3600: 3592:10.17226/14275 3573: 3541: 3524: 3513:on May 6, 2019 3487: 3466:"Landing fees" 3457: 3443: 3421: 3394: 3365: 3335: 3305: 3279: 3253: 3227: 3197: 3188: 3172: 3146: 3120: 3094: 3068: 3054: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3047: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3015: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2968: 2952: 2949: 2939: 2938: 2924: 2920: 2919: 2906: 2902: 2901: 2882: 2878: 2877: 2871: 2867: 2866: 2859: 2855: 2854: 2835: 2831: 2830: 2817:(CFS) and the 2809: 2805: 2804: 2798: 2794: 2793: 2782: 2759: 2756: 2752:Airport Tycoon 2708:The Langoliers 2579: 2576: 2427:Sydney Airport 2423:civil aircraft 2415:Bremen Airport 2370: 2367: 2260: 2257: 2235:in Norway and 2179:Main article: 2176: 2173: 2150: 2147: 2099:Kuopio Airport 2063:Aircraft noise 2029: 2026: 1895: 1892: 1879: 1876: 1868: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1836: 1753:Main article: 1750: 1747: 1688: 1685: 1639: 1636: 1625: 1622: 1618:approach slope 1575: 1572: 1515:Main article: 1512: 1509: 1499: 1496: 1492:movement areas 1487: 1486:Ground control 1484: 1416: 1413: 1393: 1392: 1389: 1386: 1354: 1351: 1301: 1298: 1197: 1194: 1167:Cargo airlines 1162: 1159: 1132:business class 1096: 1093: 1015: 1012: 993:X-ray machines 975:Main article: 972: 969: 943:Terminal 2 at 911: 910: 907: 901: 895: 888: 887: 884: 879: 876: 871: 823: 820: 800:border control 796:border control 767: 764: 755: 752: 734: 731: 723:airline ticket 708: 705: 695: 692: 659: 656: 504: 501: 462: 459: 404: 401: 288:Boeing 757-200 269: 266: 206:airport aprons 194:control towers 156:Terminal 3 at 99: 98: 53: 51: 44: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7771: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7746: 7744: 7731: 7730: 7725: 7717: 7711: 7710:Micromobility 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7655:Hail and ride 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7627: 7625: 7621: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7596: 7594: 7588: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7523: 7521: 7517: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7477: 7475: 7471: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7441: 7439: 7435: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7400: 7398: 7394: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7372: 7368: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7270: 7268: 7266: 7261: 7257: 7251: 7250:Transport hub 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7235:Train station 7233: 7231: 7230:Taxicab stand 7228: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7215:Park and ride 7213: 7211: 7210:Metro station 7208: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7132: 7130: 7126: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7049: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7034: 7032: 7026: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6992: 6986: 6983: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6970: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6953:Cable railway 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6940: 6938: 6936: 6932: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6892: 6890: 6888: 6884: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6854: 6852: 6850: 6846: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6744: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6719: 6717: 6715: 6709: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6682:Regional rail 6680: 6676: 6673: 6672: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6599: 6596: 6595: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6563:Commuter rail 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6542: 6539: 6538: 6537: 6534: 6533: 6531: 6529: 6525: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6472: 6469: 6468: 6467: 6466:Intercity bus 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6421: 6420: 6417: 6416: 6414: 6412: 6408: 6404: 6397: 6392: 6390: 6385: 6383: 6378: 6377: 6374: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6343: 6341: 6339:Miscellaneous 6337: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6312: 6310: 6308: 6304: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6292:Travel agency 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6262: 6259:Overbooking ( 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6210:Boarding pass 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6182: 6180: 6178: 6174: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6019: 6017: 6015: 6011: 6005: 6002: 5999: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5979:Baggage sizer 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5941: 5939: 5937: 5933: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5880: 5877: 5876: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5869:Flight permit 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5838: 5835: 5832: 5829: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5817: 5816: 5813: 5812: 5810: 5808: 5804: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5792:Hypermobility 5790: 5789: 5787: 5785: 5781: 5775: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5746: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5733: 5731: 5729: 5725: 5721: 5715: 5714:Transit hotel 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5636: 5634: 5632: 5628: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5559:Economy class 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5541: 5540: 5537: 5536: 5534: 5532: 5528: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5486:Third officer 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5476:First officer 5474: 5472: 5469: 5468: 5466: 5464: 5460: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5433: 5431: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5413: 5411: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5398: 5396: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5368: 5366: 5365: 5363: 5361: 5357: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5335:Star Alliance 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5322: 5320: 5318: 5314: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5287:Flag carriers 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5277:Cargo airline 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5267:Airline codes 5265: 5264: 5262: 5260: 5256: 5252: 5245: 5240: 5238: 5233: 5231: 5226: 5225: 5222: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5174: 5169: 5166: 5162: 5159: 5155: 5152: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5126: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5105: 5102: 5098: 5095: 5091: 5088: 5084: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5056: 5053: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5004: 5002: 4998: 4994: 4990: 4987: 4983: 4982: 4959: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4940: 4924: 4920: 4914: 4898: 4894: 4888: 4872: 4868: 4862: 4853: 4834: 4830: 4823: 4817: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4787: 4776:September 28, 4771: 4767: 4766:bjnews.com.cn 4763: 4757: 4749: 4743: 4739: 4738: 4730: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4705: 4704:1721.1/125526 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4665: 4657: 4653: 4647: 4639: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4596: 4588: 4584: 4583: 4578: 4572: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4537: 4528: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4496: 4494: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4438: 4430: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4401: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4362: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4332: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4301: 4293: 4287: 4276:September 16, 4271: 4267: 4263: 4257: 4249: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4216: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4169: 4161: 4153: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4096: 4092: 4085: 4078: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4047: 4039: 4033: 4025: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3990:(87): 41–50. 3989: 3985: 3981: 3974: 3958: 3954: 3953:Mobility Work 3950: 3943: 3941: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3910: 3895: 3891: 3885: 3876: 3869: 3868: 3861: 3846: 3842: 3835: 3819: 3815: 3814: 3809: 3802: 3786: 3782: 3777: 3769: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3739: 3720: 3716: 3709: 3702: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3669:: 3696–3703. 3668: 3664: 3660: 3653: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3623: 3607: 3603: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3584: 3577: 3558: 3551: 3545: 3537: 3531: 3529: 3509: 3505: 3504:assest.flysfo 3498: 3491: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3461: 3446: 3440: 3433: 3432: 3425: 3409: 3405: 3398: 3387: 3383: 3376: 3369: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3339: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3309: 3293: 3289: 3283: 3267: 3263: 3257: 3241: 3237: 3231: 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fuel 1937: 1933: 1926: 1922: 1900: 1891: 1889: 1884: 1875: 1873: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1837: 1834: 1833: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1819: 1815: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1784: 1779: 1773: 1769: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1746: 1743: 1739: 1734: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1711: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1663: 1654: 1649: 1645: 1635: 1631: 1624:Taxiway signs 1621: 1619: 1615: 1610: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1585: 1580: 1571: 1567: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1536: 1532: 1523: 1518: 1508: 1505: 1498:Tower control 1495: 1493: 1483: 1481: 1480:apron control 1477: 1473: 1469: 1464: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1438:control tower 1434: 1432: 1426: 1421: 1412: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1383: 1382: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1364: 1359: 1350: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1322: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1297: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1274:Silver Line T 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1242:rapid transit 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1202: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1168: 1158: 1154: 1152: 1148: 1143: 1139: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1114:, Bangladesh 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1078:capsule hotel 1074: 1070: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1053: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1032: 1025: 1020: 1011: 1009: 1005: 998: 994: 989: 984: 978: 968: 966: 962: 957: 950: 946: 941: 937: 935: 931: 926: 924: 920: 916: 908: 905: 902: 900: 896: 893: 892: 891: 886:Waiting areas 885: 883: 880: 877: 875: 872: 869: 866: 865: 864: 861: 859: 855: 851: 843: 839: 832: 828: 819: 817: 813: 809: 808:people movers 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 784: 780: 773: 763: 761: 751: 749: 745: 741: 730: 728: 724: 720: 715: 704: 701: 691: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 655: 653: 648: 646: 640: 636: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 613: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 514: 509: 500: 498: 493: 491: 487: 483: 478: 476: 471: 469: 458: 456: 452: 448: 443: 441: 437: 433: 432:seaplane base 429: 425: 421: 413: 409: 400: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 377: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 342: 338: 336: 332: 328: 324: 323: 318: 317:seaplane base 314: 310: 309: 304: 303: 298: 297: 289: 286: 282: 278: 274: 262: 257: 253: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 234:air pollution 229: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 174:air transport 171: 167: 159: 154: 148: 144: 138: 134: 128: 123: 115: 107: 103: 95: 92: 84: 74: 70: 64: 63: 57: 52: 43: 42: 37: 33: 19: 7720: 7695:Timing point 7680:Request stop 7623:Other topics 7480:Bus bunching 7464:Travel class 7423:Radial route 7403:Circle route 7387:Transit pass 7348:Penalty fare 7308:Fare evasion 7303:Fare capping 7288:Dead mileage 7245:Transit mall 7134: 6968:Gondola lift 6747:Microtransit 6655:People mover 6568:Circle route 6483:Open top bus 6446:Circle route 6087:Control zone 6082:Control area 6004:Luggage lock 5994:Lost luggage 5989:Hand luggage 5959:Baggage cart 5774:(Electronic) 5736:Arrival card 5669:Airside pass 5630: 5621:Sickness bag 5596:Buy on board 5591:Airline seat 5586:Airline meal 5539:Travel class 5521:Dead mileage 5360:Trade groups 5183: 5179: 5164: 5157: 5150: 5116: 5112: 5100: 5093: 5086: 5079: 5063: 5059: 5051: 5043:10419/225046 5015: 5011: 4995:(Ian Allan) 4992: 4985: 4978:Bibliography 4965:February 14, 4963:. Retrieved 4958:the original 4948: 4939: 4927:. Retrieved 4923:the original 4913: 4901:. Retrieved 4887: 4875:. Retrieved 4861: 4852: 4840:. Retrieved 4833:the original 4828: 4816: 4804:. Retrieved 4795: 4786: 4774:. Retrieved 4765: 4756: 4736: 4729: 4678: 4674: 4664: 4656:the original 4646: 4612:(437): 437. 4609: 4605: 4595: 4587:the original 4580: 4571: 4546: 4536: 4509: 4505: 4451: 4447: 4437: 4410: 4400: 4375: 4371: 4361: 4349:. Retrieved 4340: 4331: 4319:. Retrieved 4310: 4300: 4286: 4274:. Retrieved 4265: 4256: 4229: 4225: 4215: 4205:February 21, 4203:. Retrieved 4167: 4160: 4125: 4121: 4090: 4077: 4065:. Retrieved 4056: 4046: 4032:cite journal 3987: 3983: 3973: 3961:. Retrieved 3952: 3927:. Retrieved 3923:the original 3918: 3909: 3897:. Retrieved 3894:www.iata.org 3893: 3884: 3875: 3866: 3860: 3850:November 10, 3848:. Retrieved 3844: 3834: 3824:September 8, 3822:. Retrieved 3811: 3801: 3789:. Retrieved 3780: 3768: 3756:. Retrieved 3747: 3738: 3726:. 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1164: 1155: 1144: 1140: 1117: 1090: 1075: 1071: 1068: 1056: 1048: 1001: 967:technology. 958: 954: 933: 929: 927: 912: 889: 862: 847: 816:airside pass 779:special laws 776: 757: 736: 714:Landing fees 710: 700:aeronautical 697: 661: 649: 641: 637: 631:, including 614: 518: 494: 479: 472: 468:Inkom, Idaho 464: 444: 430:is called a 417: 396: 392: 389:landing area 388: 384: 380: 378: 365: 357: 353: 349: 347: 320: 316: 312: 306: 300: 294: 292: 230: 178:landing area 165: 163: 102: 87: 78: 59: 7700:Transit map 7675:Public good 7592:and signage 7449:First class 7363:Smart cards 7338:Money train 7200:Kassel kerb 7160:Bus station 6948:Cable ferry 6915:Ocean liner 6895:Cable ferry 6752:Paratransit 6513:Transit bus 6508:Shuttle bus 6456:Express bus 6411:Bus service 6307:Ground crew 6261:Overselling 6132:Sky marshal 5998:WorldTracer 5771:Travel visa 5728:Immigration 5644:Airline hub 5544:First class 5491:Relief crew 4903:January 21, 4582:Insider.com 4378:: 176–188. 4351:February 2, 4232:(8): 1194. 3773:Haroon, K. 3062:Wragg, D.; 2892:, the UK's 2612:The V.I.P.s 2471:New Orleans 2250:to project 2248:naval force 2201:air station 1560:left-handed 1442:non-towered 915:jet bridges 608:except for 594:Adani Group 586:Adani Group 370:term of art 368:is a legal 327:helicopters 277:Air bridges 268:Terminology 73:introducing 7743:Categories 7650:Dwell time 7640:Crush load 7590:Technology 7510:Short turn 7473:Scheduling 7437:Facilities 7225:Queue jump 7145:Bus garage 7047:Carsharing 6925:Water taxi 6905:Hovercraft 6857:Car jockey 6849:Carpooling 6824:Share taxi 6794:Marshrutka 6759:Dollar van 6702:Tram-train 6630:Light rail 6625:Interurban 6588:Heavy rail 6518:Trolleybus 6478:Marshrutka 6461:Guided bus 6351:Air travel 5699:Jet bridge 5506:Loadmaster 4128:: 100266. 4067:January 6, 3899:January 6, 3845:The Hustle 3210:airnav.com 3050:References 2823:Nav Canada 2762:See also: 2660:Home Alone 2654:Get Shorty 2642:Soul Plane 2636:Die Hard 2 2592:Die Hard 2 2514:glideslope 2499:Königsberg 2483:Le Bourget 2155:flu season 2052:in Brazil. 2048:Runway at 1998:, such as 1996:wind shear 1988:microburst 1980:incursions 1840:jet bridge 1826:groundcrew 1768:Boeing 777 1691:See also: 1319:See also: 1311:system at 1272:, and the 1246:light rail 981:See also: 822:Facilities 588:through a 461:Management 362:aerodromes 337:aircraft. 293:The terms 285:Icelandair 224:, serving 81:March 2022 56:references 7614:Timetable 7343:Paid area 7293:Exit fare 7260:Ticketing 7240:Tram stop 7155:Bus stand 7128:Locations 7109:Slope car 7079:Hyperloop 7069:Escalator 7030:transport 7009:Escalator 6997:transport 6963:Funicular 6920:Vaporetto 6910:Hydrofoil 6829:Songthaew 6799:Nanny van 6784:Limousine 6727:Boda boda 6583:Funicular 6558:Cable car 6441:Charabanc 6346:Air cargo 5639:Aerodrome 5317:Alliances 5165:Economica 5119:: 40–47. 4877:March 13, 4806:March 23, 4721:209464045 4675:Risk Anal 4563:2332-7782 4476:1432-1009 4392:0969-6997 4248:1996-1073 4195:243747827 4152:2212-0963 4006:1463-1741 3929:March 29, 3791:April 25, 3685:2352-1465 3414:April 30, 3358:April 17, 3220:April 10, 2781:Australia 2702:Rendition 2672:Liar Liar 2624:Airplane! 2393:traffic. 2252:air power 2194:Lithuania 2101:, in 1966 2011:styrofoam 1944:hijacking 1582:Standard 1544:glidepath 1371:personnel 1191:, Brazil. 1082:sleep box 1040:Bangalore 919:airstairs 740:duty free 538:GMR Group 526:Ferrovial 424:seaplanes 393:aerodrome 381:aerodrome 354:aerodrome 331:seaplanes 296:aerodrome 202:terminals 170:aerodrome 7749:Airports 7630:Boarding 7546:Security 7519:Politics 7382:Transfer 7175:Dry dock 7165:Bus stop 7150:Bus lane 7140:Bus bulb 7119:Vactrain 7099:Robotaxi 7064:Elevator 7042:Airliner 7004:Elevator 6995:Building 6978:tricable 6958:Elevator 6872:Slugging 6714:for hire 6712:Vehicles 6645:Monorail 6615:Horsecar 6541:glossary 6287:Tracking 6022:Air rage 5756:Passport 5745:internal 5679:Boarding 5674:Airstair 5531:Airliner 5325:Oneworld 5259:Airlines 5204:Archived 5200:52970361 5186:: 1–17. 5143:32834679 5066:: 3–13. 4929:July 20, 4897:Archived 4871:Archived 4842:July 20, 4800:Archived 4770:Archived 4713:31872479 4638:30157776 4484:22245856 4345:Archived 4315:Archived 4311:euronews 4270:Archived 4226:Energies 4199:Archived 4095:Archived 4061:Archived 4024:29192612 3963:April 2, 3957:Archived 3818:Archived 3785:Archived 3752:Archived 3719:Archived 3693:53579769 3636:Archived 3606:Archived 3586:. 2009. 3474:Archived 3408:Archived 3386:Archived 3352:Archived 3328:July 20, 3322:Archived 3292:Archived 3214:Archived 3159:Archived 3133:Archived 3107:Archived 3081:Archived 2992:Altiport 2951:See also 2801:Infraero 2687:(2000), 2669:(1992), 2663:(1990), 2633:(1970), 2558:using a 2473:(1960s). 2205:airfield 2181:Air base 1966:wetlands 1921:Shetland 1742:windsock 1662:lighting 1638:Lighting 1405:taxiways 1397:surfaces 1365:, Canada 1258:New York 1124:check-in 1108:Terminal 1026:, Canada 1006:and the 899:carousel 850:terminal 792:security 592:wherein 440:landings 436:takeoffs 420:heliport 322:STOLport 313:heliport 308:airstrip 302:airfield 7685:Service 7490:Headway 7454:Sleeper 7396:Routing 7371:Calypso 7367:CIPURSE 7205:Layover 7135:Airport 7037:Airline 6973:bicable 6877:Vanpool 6839:Tuk tuk 6779:Jeepney 6769:Gondola 6665:Railbus 6282:Standby 5944:Bag tag 5936:Baggage 5761:Timatic 5724:Customs 5631:Airport 5463:Aircrew 5412:Europe 5330:SkyTeam 5134:7328638 5020:Bibcode 4683:Bibcode 4629:6116441 4514:Bibcode 4456:Bibcode 4321:May 23, 4130:Bibcode 4015:5437751 3758:July 1, 3728:June 7, 3348:faa.gov 2987:Airpark 2858:Germany 2845:(AIP), 2775:NAVAIDs 2630:Airport 2535:(2009). 2007:stopway 1959:deicing 1401:runways 1284:by the 1266:Seattle 1147:seating 1106:'s VIP 904:Customs 812:keycard 806:and/or 554:Fairfax 534:Fraport 397:airport 385:airport 366:airport 358:airport 350:airport 214:lounges 198:hangars 190:helipad 166:airport 69:improve 32:AirPort 7190:Harbor 7185:Hangar 7104:Shweeb 6809:Pesero 6764:Dolmuş 6635:Maglev 6488:Pesero 6471:driver 6424:driver 5709:Runway 5616:Galley 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