193:, many of which had not been previously available to researchers. They wrote that the Inuit whose camp was located on the Kazan River near Ennadai Lake and hunted caribou between Kazan River and Nueltin Lake, were known as Ennadai Lake Inuit. They hunted caribou between Kazan River and Nueltin Lake. In the summer of 1956 there were 30 men and women and 25 children. Twelve of the children were under five years old.
332:, who was not a historian, has been described as "creative non-fiction." Mowat, who advocated for the "people of the deer", was a popular, though controversial figure, who admitted that facts were not as important as the story itself. Four of Mowat's books were inspired by the Ahiarmiut. He wrote the first,
369:, F. J. Tester and Peter Kulchyski acknowledge contributions to Ennadai Lake people's history by Farley Mowat, but they note that although some of his statements may be accurate, his books cite no sources and therefore they use only archival material for their book.
274:
This apology is a tribute to their spirits and their memories. It is also an opportunity for all
Canadians to learn about and reflect upon a dark chapter in our history. I humbly and sincerely offer these words to all Ahiarmiut past and present. We are
396:
Globe and Mail obituary: "He was frequently criticized for playing fast and loose with facts in order to create compelling stories. At the
International Festival of Authors in Toronto, Mowat once declared: âFâk the facts. The truth is what is
201:
In the late mid-20th century, the
Ahiarmiut began a series of federal government sponsored relocations in order to "clear the land for government operations and to centralize Inuit populations under government control and surveillance".
1245:
279:
Bennett also apologized for the amount of time it took to get an apologyâwhen the legal claim was first filed, 27 relocated
Ahiarmiut were still alive, at the time of the apology there were only 21.
94:, the story of the Ahiarmiut and their search for justice has been shared. For ten years, starting in 1949, as part of a northern policy regarding Inuit communities, the Ahiarmiut were relocated to
190:
588:
917:
1126:
135:. The Ahiarmiut "subsisted almost entirely on caribou year-round, unlike other Inuit groups that depended at least partially on harvest of animals from the sea."
263:
of the
Ahiarmiut between 1949 and 1959. On January 22, 2019, the Canadian Government formally apologized to 21 survivors and their families in Arviat. Nunavut.
651:
756:
485:
1295:
1042:
504:
270:
delivered the apology in the community, saying the forced relocations were because of a "colonial mindset" and caused "indignity, starvation and death":
86:, an Ahiarmiut elder, who was a child when his family was repeatedly relocated from Ennadai Lake by the federal government under then-prime ministers
969:
309:
magazine, with the caption "Stone Age
Survivors", selected by the magazine as representing the most primitive of the Canadian Inuit. (King, 1998).
1009:
679:
431:
83:
599:
1339:
264:
774:
558:
531:
921:
166:'s post managers at the company's Windy Post, located in 1936 on a portion of Windy River called Simmons Lake and later moved to
162:
By 1934, Ahiarmiut numbered 80, with 11 considered as heads of families. Their contact with
Europeans was limited, but included
716:
468:
64:
895:
868:
836:
131:. Ahiarmiut were Caribou Inuit, an inland-dwelling people in the Barren Lands region, whose subsistence centred on hunting
1074:
693:
445:
984:
312:
Decades later, Ahiarmiut again gained attention in
Ihalmio Elisapee (née Nurrahaq) Karetak's 2000 (English) and 2002 (
1324:
1308:
1242:
1210:
1161:
1100:
905:
833:
316:) documentaries about her people's struggle and starvation during their 1950s relocation and the story of her mother
622:
657:
750:
488:
170:. Ahiarmiut traded their outer parkas, deerskin boots, and fur pelts at the post for guns, ammunition, and tea.
410:, in which he criticized the federal government, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, and Catholic missionaries.
1177:
1046:
532:"Nu-thel-tin-tu-eh and the Thlewiaza River. The Land of the Caribou Inuit and The Barren Ground Caribou Dene"
508:
244:
108:, among other places. In 2018, the Ahiarmiut and the Canadian government came to a settlement agreement of
148:
985:"'Dark chapter in our history': federal gov't apologizes to Ahiarmiut for forced relocations | CBC News"
124:, are inland Inuit who were also "known as the ("People from Beyond" or "the Out-of-the-Way Dwellers").
210:, but the relocation did not last as hunting was poor, precipitating the band's return to Ennadai Lake.
259:
In 2018 the
Ahiarmiut and the Canadian government came to a settlement agreement of $ 5 million for
736:
944:
943:
Canada, Government of Canada; Crown-Indigenous
Relations and Northern Affairs (22 January 2019).
163:
1024:
1344:
250:
In 1959, the Padlei trading post closed, and the remaining Ahiarmiut were relocated to Arivat.
897:
Arctic Migrants/Arctic Villagers The Transformation of Inuit Settlement in the Central Arctic
343:
132:
68:
562:
535:
222:
783:
8:
298:
260:
229:
105:
23:
1277:
1131:
857:
334:
27:
1320:
1269:
1238:
1206:
1157:
1003:
963:
901:
864:
829:
730:
689:
589:"Ahiarmiut relocations and the search for justice: he life and work of David Serkoak"
441:
288:
87:
722:
472:
91:
1303:
492:
339:
293:
267:
109:
72:
60:
56:
1260:
Burch, Ernest S. (1978). "Caribou Eskimo Origins: An Old Problem Reconsidered".
35:("People from Beyond") or ("the Out-of-the-Way Dwellers") are a group of inland
302:
239:, 39 were at Yathkyed Lake, and the majority were brought to Eskimo Point, now
186:
144:
809:
Les Ahiarmiuts (1920-50): Dans la perspective de l'historie des Inuit Caribous
1333:
1273:
1164:
185:, F.J. Tester and Peter Kulchyski accessed archival documents, including the
152:
121:
329:
236:
207:
167:
128:
95:
48:
44:
40:
1281:
983:
Jan 22, CBC News · Posted; January 22, 2019 1:59 PM CT | Last Updated.
214:
206:
1949, Ahiarmiut were relocated against their will from Ennadai Lake to
99:
859:
Tammarniit (Mistakes), Inuit Relocation in the Eastern Arctic, 1939-63
183:
Tammarniit (Mistakes), Inuit Relocation in the Eastern Arctic, 1939-63
685:
437:
313:
171:
623:"Ahiarmiut and federal gov't reach $ 5M settlement for relocations"
471:. Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. 30 April 2003. Archived from
782:, Beverly and Qamanirjuaq Caribou Management Board, archived from
323:
175:
1075:"Taissumani, May 30: Farley Mowat and the North, an appreciation"
76:
850:
848:
846:
844:
317:
240:
218:
156:
1304:(30 July 1996) "Ihalmiut Unwritten Laws of Life" Randy's Books
147:'s Barren Lands expeditions of 1893 and 1894 on behalf of the
1045:. Nunatsiaq News, nunatsiaq.com. 21 June 2002. Archived from
1025:"Inuit woman making pilgrimmage to discover her tragic roots"
36:
1068:
1066:
1064:
841:
582:
580:
305:
family were on the cover of the February 27, 1956, issue of
213:
In May 1957, Ahiarmiut were airlifted from Ennadai Lake to
406:
Mowat revisited the Ihalmiut and wrote his follow-up book
1061:
577:
297:
magazine, in October 1937. An Ennadai Lake consisting of
429:
1101:"The incredible, unconventional legacy of Farley Mowat"
681:
Sinews of Survival: The Living Legacy of Inuit Clothing
433:
Sinews of Survival: The Living Legacy of Inuit Clothing
1092:
254:
221:
trading post, a distance considered reasonable by the
235:
In 1958, 29 Ahiarmiut went to Padlei because of its
1169:
1127:"Acclaimed Canadian author Farley Mowat dead at 92"
900:. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2002.
614:
856:
656:, Iqaluit, Nunavut: Nunatsiaq News, archived from
151:, he reported that there were approximately 2,000
1319:. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1998.
1331:
1118:
645:
643:
854:
586:
1237:. South Royalton, Vt: Steerforth Press, 2001.
1124:
232:where some began carving figurines for income.
890:
888:
886:
820:
818:
671:
640:
507:. nunatsiaq.com. 21 June 2002. Archived from
189:Collection, which had been in storage in the
982:
968:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
127:Until 1957, their home was in the region of
1008:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
800:
469:"To Improve the Lives of Aboriginal People"
338:in 1952, shortly after a field trip to the
1228:
1215:
1195:
883:
815:
766:
587:Duhamel, Karine; Bernauer, Warren (2018).
1178:"Canadian author Farley Mowat dies at 92"
718:To Improve the Lives of Aboriginal People
649:
556:
534:. churchillrivercanoe.com. Archived from
1225:. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1975.
1098:
920:. marionscottgallery.com. Archived from
811:. University of Laval. pp. 339â340.
677:
550:
16:Group of inland Inuit in Nunavut, Canada
1175:
1022:
945:"Ahiarmiut Relocation Claim Settlement"
910:
855:Tester, F.J.; Kulchyski, Peter (1994),
743:
708:
620:
529:
228:Later in 1957, Ahiarmiut were moved to
1332:
1315:King, J. C. H., and Henrietta Lidchi.
1072:
942:
806:
265:Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations
1340:Indigenous peoples in Northern Canada
1259:
772:
559:"Re: excellent response to seal hunt"
497:
324:Farley Mowat's "creative non-fiction"
191:Archives of the Northwest Territories
82:Through three decades of research by
26:
1296:(21 June 2002) "Remembering Kikkik"
828:. Toronto: Key Porter Books, 2004.
255:Apology by the Government of Canada
217:, 72 km (45 mi) from the
13:
1253:
714:
678:Issenman, Betty Kobayashi (1997),
112:5 million for forced relocations.
14:
1356:
1289:
621:Malbeuf, Jamie (27 August 2018).
430:Betty Kobayashi Issenman (1997).
282:
39:who lived along the banks of the
75:("Barren Lands") of present-day
1205:. Little, Brown and Co., 1959.
1176:Kennedy, John R. (7 May 2014).
1156:. Little, Brown and Co., 1952.
1146:
1035:
1023:Sanders, Carol (31 July 2006).
1016:
976:
936:
400:
390:
115:
1223:Death of a People-the Ihalmiut
918:"Luke Anowtalik (1932 - 2006)"
523:
479:
461:
423:
352:Death of a Peopleâthe Ihalmiut
1:
1125:Martin, Sandra (7 May 2014).
1099:McGoogan, Ken (16 May 2014).
417:
245:Royal Canadian Mounted Police
196:
1165:(Excerpt; Table of Contents)
1073:Harper, Kenn (30 May 2014).
7:
561:. nunatsiaq. Archived from
557:B Trerice (18 March 2006).
181:In their 1994 publication,
149:Geological Survey of Canada
10:
1361:
650:Nunatsiaq (21 June 2002),
372:Mowat misspelled the name
291:and his wives appeared in
138:
752:The Ahiarmiut Relocations
486:The Ahiarmiut Relocations
225:. Many Ahiarmiut starved.
863:, Vancouver: UBC Press,
383:
949:www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca
596:Northern Public Affairs
55:), as well as north of
755:, 2010, archived from
277:
807:Csonka, Yvon (1991).
491:May 29, 2008, at the
367:Tammarniit (Mistakes)
344:University of Toronto
272:
178:traded here as well.
133:barren-ground caribou
69:Northwest Territories
1203:The Desperate People
1043:"Remembering Kikkik"
735:: CS1 maint: year (
602:on 17 September 2021
505:"Remembering Kikkik"
348:The Desperate People
342:while attending the
223:Government of Canada
164:Hudson's Bay Company
1262:Arctic Anthropology
1235:Walking on the Land
924:on 29 November 2006
725:on 21 February 2011
408:Walking on the Land
365:In their 1994 book
356:Walking on the Land
299:Mary Ayaq Anowtalik
28:[ihalmiËut]
1317:Imaging the Arctic
1154:People of the Deer
1132:The Globe and Mail
776:20th Annual Report
660:on 15 January 2018
653:Remembering Kikkik
538:on 6 December 2007
335:People of the Deer
261:forced relocations
59:("Big River"), in
870:978-0-7748-0494-3
789:on 2 October 2013
289:Stephen Angulalik
88:Louis St. Laurent
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598:. Archived from
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475:on 26 June 2003.
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328:The writings of
155:, then known as
92:John Diefenbaker
30:
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1254:Further reading
1251:
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1221:Mowat, Farley.
1220:
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1201:Mowat, Farley.
1200:
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1152:Mowat, Farley.
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824:Mowat, Farley.
823:
816:
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792:
790:
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749:
748:
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566:
565:on 27 July 2018
555:
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539:
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493:Wayback Machine
484:
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448:
428:
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420:
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414:
405:
401:
395:
391:
386:
340:Canadian Arctic
326:
320:at Henik Lake.
285:
268:Carolyn Bennett
257:
199:
141:
120:The Ahiarmiut,
118:
104:
73:Kivalliq Region
65:Keewatin Region
61:northern Canada
57:Thlewiaza River
17:
12:
11:
5:
1358:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1328:
1327:
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1301:
1298:Nunatsiaq News
1291:
1290:External links
1288:
1287:
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1249:
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1079:Nunatsiaq News
1060:
1049:on 7 June 2008
1034:
1015:
975:
935:
909:
894:Damas, David.
882:
869:
840:
826:No Man's River
814:
799:
773:BQCMB (2002),
765:
762:on 29 May 2008
742:
707:
695:978-0774805964
694:
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511:on 7 June 2008
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447:978-0774805964
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360:No Man's River
325:
322:
303:Luke Anowtalik
284:
283:Media coverage
281:
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252:
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187:Alex Stevenson
145:Joseph Tyrrell
140:
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1345:Caribou Inuit
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1338:
1337:
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1326:
1325:0-7748-0672-9
1322:
1318:
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1312:
1311:Life Magazine
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1031:. p. 12.
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530:Bill Layman.
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358:in 2001, and
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153:Caribou Inuit
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122:Caribou Inuit
113:
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84:David Serkoak
80:
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47:, and Little
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1234:
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1185:. Retrieved
1181:
1171:
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1148:
1136:. Retrieved
1130:
1120:
1108:. Retrieved
1104:
1094:
1082:. Retrieved
1078:
1051:. Retrieved
1047:the original
1037:
1028:
1018:
992:. Retrieved
988:
978:
952:. Retrieved
948:
938:
926:. Retrieved
922:the original
912:
896:
874:, retrieved
858:
825:
808:
802:
793:22 September
791:, retrieved
784:the original
775:
768:
757:the original
751:
745:
723:the original
717:
710:
699:, retrieved
680:
673:
664:22 September
662:, retrieved
658:the original
652:
630:. Retrieved
626:
616:
604:. Retrieved
600:the original
595:
567:. Retrieved
563:the original
552:
540:. Retrieved
536:the original
525:
513:. Retrieved
509:the original
499:
481:
473:the original
463:
451:. Retrieved
432:
425:
407:
402:
392:
377:
373:
371:
366:
364:
359:
355:
351:
347:
333:
330:Farley Mowat
327:
311:
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286:
278:
273:
258:
237:trading post
208:Nueltin Lake
200:
182:
180:
168:Nueltin Lake
161:
142:
129:Ennadai Lake
126:
119:
116:Inland Inuit
96:Nueltin Lake
81:
52:
49:Dubawnt Lake
45:Ennadai Lake
32:
20:
18:
1268:(1): 1â35.
1182:Global News
1110:16 February
1084:16 February
1053:24 December
928:24 December
715:INAC (nd),
606:16 February
569:22 December
542:24 December
515:22 December
397:important."
346:. He wrote
287:A photo of
41:Kazan River
1334:Categories
1029:The record
994:3 February
876:17 January
837:.html text
701:11 January
632:3 February
453:11 January
418:References
230:Whale Cove
215:Henik Lake
197:Relocation
106:Whale Cove
100:Henik Lake
71:, now the
53:Kamilikuak
1274:0066-6939
1246:(Excerpt)
954:8 October
686:UBC Press
438:UBC Press
374:Ahiarmiut
362:in 2004.
354:in 1975,
350:in 1959,
314:Inuktitut
243:, by the
172:Chipewyan
51:(renamed
21:Ahiarmiut
1282:40315917
1004:cite web
964:cite web
731:citation
489:Archived
378:Ihalmiut
33:Ihalmiut
143:During
139:History
98:, then
77:Nunavut
67:of the
1323:
1313:photos
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241:Arviat
219:Padlei
157:Eskimo
102:, and
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1309:1956
1278:JSTOR
1187:8 May
1138:9 May
787:(PDF)
780:(PDF)
760:(PDF)
592:(PDF)
384:Notes
176:MĂ©tis
37:Inuit
1321:ISBN
1270:ISSN
1239:ISBN
1207:ISBN
1189:2014
1158:ISBN
1140:2014
1112:2021
1086:2021
1055:2007
1010:link
996:2019
970:link
956:2023
930:2007
902:ISBN
878:2019
865:ISBN
830:ISBN
795:2013
737:link
703:2008
690:ISBN
666:2013
634:2019
608:2021
571:2007
544:2007
517:2007
455:2008
442:ISBN
307:Life
301:and
294:Life
174:and
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