401:
948:
960:
981:
972:
826:
568:
57:
1011:
691:
999:
3734:
2615:
1906:
990:
3744:
44:
738:
are the most popular part to be used in food. Leaves can be used in raw salads and carry a very subtle garlicky flavour similar to that of garlic chives. When picked the leaves bruise, making them smell even stronger. When cooked the flavour of the leaves becomes softer and sweeter.
590:, that reproduces primarily by seed. The narrow bulbs are formed from a single leaf base and produce bright green entire, elliptical leaves up to 25 cm (9.8 in) long x 7 cm (2.8 in) wide with a petiole up to 20 cm (7.9 in) long. The
540:
Cows love to eat them, hence the modern vernacular name of cows's leek. In Devon, dairy farmers have occasionally had the milk of their herds rejected because of the garlic flavour imparted to it by the cows having grazed upon the plant.
1674:"Methods for the examination of cattle, sheep and goat dung in prehistoric wetland settlements with examples of the sites Alleshausen-Täschenwiesen and Alleshausen-Grundwiesen (around cal 2900 BC) at Lake Federsee, south-west Germany"
894:
leaves have irregular edges and many deep veins, while ramsons leaves are convex with a single main vein. The leaves of lily of the valley are in pairs, dull green, and come from a single reddish-purple stem, while the leaves of
674:
has been credited with many medicinal qualities and is a popular homeopathic ingredient. It is often used for treating cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive problems, as well as for the sterilisation of wounds.
879:
Grinding the leaves between the fingers and checking for a garlic-like smell can be helpful, but if the smell remains on the hands, one can mistake a subsequent poisonous plant for a safe one. When the leaves of
1194:
Kolosova, Valeria; Svanberg, Ingvar; Kalle, Raivo; Strecker, Lisa; Özkan, Ayşe Mine Gençler; Pieroni, Andrea; Cianfaglione, Kevin; Molnár, Zsolt; Papp, Nora; Łuczaj, Łukasz; Dimitrova, Dessislava (2017-02-21).
782:
The leaves are also used as fodder. Cows that have fed on ramsons give milk that tastes slightly of garlic, and butter made from this milk used to be very popular in 19th-century
Switzerland.
1789:
Risk of mix-up with bear's garlic - BfR warns pickers about fatal consequences of mistaking free-growing poisonous plants for bear's garlic, German
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment; 2005
1524:
947:
959:
872:, all of which are poisonous. In Europe, where ramsons are popularly harvested from the wild, people are regularly poisoned after mistakenly picking lily of the valley or
775:
known as mountain garlic in Korea. The bulbs can be used similarly to garlic cloves, and the flowers are also edible. Parts of the plant can be used for preparing
2651:
1874:
757:
are edible. The leaves can be used as salad, herb, boiled as a vegetable, in soup, or as an ingredient for a sauce that may be a substitute for
1622:
4005:
1517:
742:
The leaf is often chopped and used to replace garlic and other herbs in many recipes. The bulb can be used in a similar way to clove garlic.
709:
woodlands with moist soils, preferring slightly acidic conditions. In the
British Isles, colonies are frequently associated with bluebells (
682:
than in clove garlic. It is sometimes called the "magnesium king" of plants because of the high levels of this mineral found in the leaves.
3748:
794:
4100:
765:. Leaves are also often used to make garlic butter. In Russia the stems are preserved by salting and eaten as a salad. A variety of
3901:
2644:
3966:
3914:
1788:
1103:
3984:
1809:
1585:
1551:
1427:
1399:
4079:
3971:
4215:
517:
for the bulbs; folk tales describe the bears consuming them after awakening from hibernation. Another theory is that the "
400:
4205:
3737:
2637:
1443:
629:
is triangular in cross-section and the leaves are broadly lanceolate, similar to those of the toxic lily of the valley (
555:
Early healers among the Celts, Gaels, Teutonic tribes and ancient Romans were familiar with the wild herb and called it
3888:
4210:
4200:
1672:
Kühn, Marlu; Maier, Ursula; Herbig, Christoph; Ismail-Meyer, Kristin; Bailly, Matthieu Le; Wick, Lucia (2013-02-01).
1371:
56:
2598:
1954:
1309:
17:
4010:
3940:
537:, though this hypothesis is disputed. Common names for the plant in many languages also make reference to bears.
3161:
4118:
1520:
Indicators of ancient woodland: The use of vascular plants in evaluating ancient woods for nature conservation
3992:
647:. It is common in much of the lowlands of the British Isles with the exception of the far north of Scotland,
625:
It flowers in the
British Isles from April to June, starting before deciduous trees leaf in the spring. The
159:
1573:
4126:
3953:
3828:
3823:
4113:
3548:
3919:
2843:
4020:
3979:
2660:
711:
731:
plant are edible and have culinary uses, including the flower, which can be used to garnish salads.
4190:
3804:
2581:
1910:
1626:
1010:
817:
was found in the settlement layer, interpreted by some as evidence for use of the plant as fodder.
3854:
3268:
2816:
2009:
4105:
3766:
3694:
3151:
2458:
2251:
1976:
1575:
1066:
998:
622:, about 16–20 mm (0.63–0.79 in) in diameter, with stamens shorter than the perianth.
248:
1339:
980:
471:. It is native to Europe and Asia, where it grows in moist woodland. It is a wild relative of
3639:
3305:
3203:
2786:
2495:
2027:
1541:
769:
cheese has a rind coated in wild garlic leaves. The leaves can be pickled in the same way as
384:
186:
4069:
4046:
1919:
572:
3862:
3375:
3233:
3223:
3208:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2766:
2396:
2328:
2271:
2017:
1947:
1899:
1685:
1649:"Pickled Mountain Garlic Korean Vegetarian Sidedish Recipe ✪ Japanese & Korean Recipes"
1474:
1142:
745:
Popular dishes using the plant include pesto, soups, pasta, cheese, scones and
Devonnaise.
1574:
Institut Fur
Pflanzengenetik Und Kulturpflanzenforschung Gatersleben (COR) (11 May 2001).
8:
4064:
3018:
2988:
2978:
2443:
2246:
2176:
2136:
1924:
1045:
922:
850:
631:
334:
1689:
1478:
1146:
4152:
4092:
3315:
2967:
2571:
2306:
2301:
2286:
2191:
2131:
1846:
1768:
1709:
1495:
1462:
1391:
1231:
1196:
1171:
1130:
1060:
845:
806:
210:
51:
2411:
1802:
Wild flowers of
Britain and Ireland: The Complete Guide to the British and Irish Flora
1648:
1608:
1100:
1089:
4041:
3836:
3350:
3238:
3218:
2962:
2907:
2566:
2463:
2433:
2281:
2261:
2221:
2206:
2201:
2156:
2151:
2141:
2126:
1838:
1805:
1772:
1760:
1752:
1713:
1701:
1581:
1577:
Mansfeld's
Encyclopedia of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: (Except Ornamentals)
1547:
1500:
1423:
1395:
1367:
1327:
1236:
1218:
1176:
1158:
953:
Allium ursinum ramsons. The small flower buds are entwined in the cracked flower bud.
776:
626:
364:
288:
278:
268:
238:
1697:
971:
4157:
3841:
3709:
3699:
3684:
3310:
3131:
2947:
2917:
2897:
2853:
2731:
2428:
2391:
2291:
2276:
2256:
2241:
2236:
2216:
2171:
2161:
1744:
1693:
1490:
1482:
1226:
1208:
1166:
1150:
1053:
1033:
771:
716:
614:
354:
228:
1673:
4185:
4180:
4028:
3649:
3570:
3335:
3247:
3087:
2929:
2848:
2618:
2576:
2386:
2211:
2186:
2166:
2121:
1940:
1748:
1528:
1107:
965:
Allium ursinum ramsons. Small delicate flowers and flower buds on a slender stem.
862:
825:
464:
461:
374:
258:
94:
3997:
548:, meaning "garlic". There is evidence it has been used in English cuisine since
4195:
4131:
4087:
3714:
3680:
3553:
3512:
3280:
3183:
3008:
2952:
2912:
2902:
2806:
2693:
2668:
2530:
2473:
2333:
2296:
2266:
2231:
2226:
2196:
2181:
2059:
2032:
890:
868:
856:
608:
567:
549:
534:
468:
127:
81:
2882:
2865:
1486:
1461:
Sobolewska, Danuta; Podolak, Irma; Makowska-Wąs, Justyna (December 25, 2013).
1213:
1154:
4174:
3893:
3789:
3689:
3470:
3445:
3390:
3146:
3115:
2942:
2937:
2838:
2781:
2629:
2535:
2487:
2453:
2448:
2365:
2353:
2146:
2094:
1842:
1756:
1705:
1222:
1162:
591:
587:
202:
107:
4056:
3958:
1863:
4144:
3719:
3704:
3543:
3465:
3355:
3300:
3295:
3263:
3253:
3173:
3156:
3062:
2957:
2525:
2520:
2500:
2069:
2042:
1764:
1504:
1415:
1240:
1180:
766:
3927:
3815:
3798:
3654:
3595:
3485:
3480:
3455:
3438:
3428:
3419:
3285:
3136:
3031:
2771:
2543:
2438:
2401:
2370:
2348:
2338:
2084:
2064:
2052:
344:
117:
4033:
3906:
3565:
3560:
3517:
3500:
3490:
3460:
3450:
3400:
3290:
3178:
3067:
2887:
2833:
2796:
2751:
2746:
2736:
2710:
2686:
2515:
2505:
2360:
2343:
2104:
2089:
1889:
1850:
1826:
1463:"Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview"
1131:"Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview"
1027:
911:
is an important food for brown bears. The plant is also a favourite of
790:
522:
514:
137:
3590:
1254:
797:(Denmark), where an impression of a leaf has been found. In the Swiss
643:
It is native to temperate regions of Europe, from
Ireland east to the
3932:
3875:
3644:
3495:
3365:
3340:
3228:
3213:
3198:
3193:
3052:
2983:
2973:
2870:
2860:
2791:
2776:
2741:
2047:
912:
798:
706:
698:
690:
43:
3760:
2022:
1281:
899:
each have their own stem, are shiny when new, and are bright green.
697:
completely covers the forest floor in early May. From the forest of
4139:
3783:
3385:
3258:
3243:
3141:
3097:
3082:
3072:
3057:
3047:
2801:
2726:
2074:
1905:
802:
652:
644:
3945:
3880:
2320:
989:
3849:
3627:
3622:
3612:
3585:
3505:
3405:
3370:
3360:
3345:
3102:
3013:
2877:
2756:
2561:
2079:
1623:"British Cheese Board - Lynher Farms & Dairies: Cornish Yarg"
1129:
Sobolewska, Danuta; Podolak, Irma; Makowska-Wąs, Justyna (2015).
1038:
3867:
1727:
Gilotta, Irene; Brvar, Miran (2010). "Accidental poisoning with
719:. It is considered to be an ancient woodland indicator species.
513:
translates to 'bear' and refers to the supposed fondness of the
3670:
3632:
3617:
3580:
3538:
3533:
3433:
3188:
3092:
2761:
2721:
2510:
1989:
1984:
1964:
1422:(Third ed.). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
810:
648:
599:
481:
476:
147:
3600:
3475:
3395:
3380:
3327:
3077:
3036:
2828:
2706:
2681:
2037:
1999:
1460:
1193:
1128:
921:
is the primary larval host plant for a specialised hoverfly,
762:
758:
659:
subspecies is found in western and central Europe, while the
619:
595:
472:
68:
3607:
3575:
2820:
1994:
1671:
933:
458:
1388:
Reader's Digest Field Guide to the Wild
Flowers of Britain
1197:"The bear in Eurasian plant names: motivations and models"
3415:
3120:
2676:
1932:
1890:
Tutin, T.G. 1957. Biological flora of the British Isles:
618:(field garlic). The flowers are star-like with six white
1609:"Wild Garlic – What You Need to Know – Obey Your Hunger"
27:
Species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae
1827:"Brown Bear Habitat Quality in Gorski Kotar, Croatia"
678:
Various minerals are found in much higher amounts in
1361:
1799:
1539:
1362:Clapham, A.R.; Tutin, T.G.; Warburg, E.F. (1981).
529:was perhaps one of the most northerly distributed
820:
577:Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz
4172:
1518:British Wildlife - April 1999 - Francis Rose,
663:subspecies is found in the east and southeast.
2659:
1366:(Third ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1090:Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
888:first sprout, they look similar, but unfolded
779:, a speciality of the Van province in Turkey.
2645:
1948:
1533:
1726:
1450:. Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland.
1308:Company, The Foraging Course (2022-03-28).
2652:
2638:
1955:
1941:
1824:
1800:Blamey, M.; Fitter, R.; Fitter, A (2003).
1037:- North American wild leek (or "ramps", a
836:(right) growing side by side in a woodland
42:
1567:
1494:
1303:
1301:
1230:
1212:
1201:Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine
1170:
1894:. Journal of Ecology 45(3) pp.1003-1010.
1784:
1782:
824:
689:
598:of six to 20 white flowers, lacking the
566:
399:
1720:
1436:
1307:
785:The first evidence of the human use of
485:. There are two recognized subspecies:
14:
4173:
2419:
2112:
1793:
1646:
1298:
1276:
1274:
1255:"Ramsons names - Encyclopedia of Life"
3765:
3764:
2633:
1936:
1779:
1414:
1408:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
4021:b2b1b316-8646-4a2d-a3b3-bca9f0b2d9b3
3743:
1364:Excursion Flora of the British Isles
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1825:Kusak, Josip; Huber, Djuro (1998).
1271:
586:is a bulbous, perennial herbaceous
479:, all belonging to the same genus,
24:
1346:
1110:, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
25:
4227:
1883:
1864:Nature Spot - Portevinia maculata
1113:
4119:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:529088-1
3742:
3733:
3732:
2614:
2613:
2599:Garlic Is as Good as Ten Mothers
1904:
1653:Asiatischer Foodblog RyuKoch.com
1647:Koch, Matthias; Hosono, Ryusei.
1009:
997:
988:
979:
970:
958:
946:
840:Plants that may be mistaken for
722:
666:
55:
1868:
1857:
1818:
1698:10.1179/1461410313Z.00000000017
1665:
1640:
1615:
1601:
1511:
1454:
638:
544:Ramsons is from the Saxon word
1420:New Flora of the British Isles
1380:
1247:
1187:
1094:
1083:
1049:- Eurasian broadleaf wild leek
932:The flowers are pollinated by
821:Similarity to poisonous plants
562:
13:
1:
1310:"Foraging focus: wild garlic"
1076:
404:Wild garlic in Hampshire, UK.
283:(Oksner & Kleopow) Bordz.
1749:10.3109/15563650.2010.533675
1580:. Springer. pp. 2251–.
809:), a high concentration of
748:
504:
7:
4216:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1898:Ramsons at Gernot Katzer's
1804:. London: A & C Black.
1540:Johannes Seidemann (2005).
1021:
10:
4232:
4206:Medicinal plants of Europe
2661:Non-timber forest products
1962:
1731:mistaken for wild garlic (
939:
902:
685:
559:, meaning 'healing herb'.
317:(Oksner & Kleopow) Soó
3773:
3728:
3663:
3526:
3414:
3326:
3111:
3027:
2928:
2815:
2702:
2667:
2609:
2590:
2552:
2537:Beurre à la bourguignonne
2486:
2410:
2379:
2319:
2103:
2008:
1972:
1678:Environmental Archaeology
1487:10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
1214:10.1186/s13002-016-0132-9
1155:10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0
712:Hyacinthoides non-scripta
216:
209:
192:
185:
52:Scientific classification
50:
41:
34:
4211:Plants described in 1753
4201:Medicinal plants of Asia
2582:syn-Propanethial-S-oxide
1875:Woodland Trust - Ramsons
1546:. Springer. p. 27.
509:The Latin specific name
467:in the amaryllis family
602:produced by some other
3675:(Iberian agroforestry)
2913:Pacific mountain onion
2038:Common / Bulb
1467:Phytochemistry Reviews
1135:Phytochemistry Reviews
907:As its name suggests,
837:
702:
580:
552:over 1,500 years ago.
405:
249:Allium longipetiolatum
3695:Indian forest produce
3166:Hydnocarpus wightiana
2496:List of garlic dishes
2028:Cipolla di Giarratana
1394:. 1981. p. 383.
828:
693:
570:
533:species known to the
403:
385:Ophioscorodon ursinum
2938:Bare-toothed russula
2329:List of onion dishes
2018:Bangalore rose onion
1314:Foraging Course Site
1016:Ramsons in a forest.
451:Eurasian wild garlic
305:Oksner & Kleopow
3549:musical instruments
2807:Woodland strawberry
1925:Plants for a Future
1737:Clinical Toxicology
1690:2013EnvAr..18...43K
1479:2015PChRv..14...81S
1147:2015PChRv..14...81S
1046:Allium ampeloprasum
925:Portevinia maculata
874:Colchicum autumnale
851:Colchicum autumnale
632:Convallaria majalis
439:broad-leaved garlic
335:Allium vincetoxicum
2602:(1980 documentary)
2572:Diallyl trisulfide
1543:World spice plants
1527:2011-10-05 at the
1338:has generic name (
1286:Forager's Calendar
1106:2019-01-12 at the
1061:Allium victorialis
923:ramsons hoverfly (
846:lily of the valley
838:
807:Cortaillod culture
734:The leaves of the
703:
612:(crow garlic) and
581:
573:Otto Wilhelm Thomé
571:Illustration from
406:
329:Kleop. & Oxner
4168:
4167:
4042:Open Tree of Life
3767:Taxon identifiers
3758:
3757:
2627:
2626:
2567:Diallyl disulfide
2482:
2481:
2315:
2314:
1811:978-1-4081-7950-5
1587:978-3-540-41017-1
1553:978-3-540-22279-8
1429:978-0-521-70772-5
1401:978-0-276-00217-5
1004:Fruit with seeds.
777:Van herbed cheese
727:All parts of the
715:), especially in
398:
397:
391:
380:
370:
365:Hylogeton ursinum
360:
350:
340:
330:
318:
306:
294:
289:Allium ursinoides
284:
279:Allium ucrainicum
274:
269:Allium petiolatum
264:
254:
244:
239:Allium latifolium
234:
222:
16:(Redirected from
4223:
4161:
4160:
4148:
4147:
4135:
4134:
4122:
4121:
4109:
4108:
4096:
4095:
4083:
4082:
4073:
4072:
4060:
4059:
4050:
4049:
4037:
4036:
4024:
4023:
4014:
4013:
4001:
4000:
3998:NBNSYS0000002205
3988:
3987:
3975:
3974:
3962:
3961:
3949:
3948:
3936:
3935:
3923:
3922:
3910:
3909:
3897:
3896:
3884:
3883:
3871:
3870:
3858:
3857:
3845:
3844:
3832:
3831:
3819:
3818:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3794:
3793:
3792:
3762:
3761:
3746:
3745:
3736:
3735:
3710:Resin extraction
3700:Mushroom hunting
3676:
3422: / etc.
3276:
3169:
3004:Saffron milk cap
2994:Parasol mushroom
2834:Fiddlehead ferns
2654:
2647:
2640:
2631:
2630:
2617:
2616:
2553:Garlic and onion
2459:…sphaerocephalon
2417:
2416:
2380:Garlic cultivars
2252:…sphaerocephalon
2110:
2109:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1920:"Allium ursinum"
1909:Data related to
1908:
1877:
1872:
1866:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1797:
1791:
1786:
1777:
1776:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1625:. Archived from
1619:
1613:
1612:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1537:
1531:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1498:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1359:
1344:
1343:
1337:
1333:
1331:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1305:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1278:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1234:
1216:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1174:
1126:
1111:
1098:
1092:
1087:
1054:Allium ochotense
1034:Allium tricoccum
1013:
1001:
992:
983:
974:
962:
950:
772:Allium ochotense
717:ancient woodland
615:Allium oleraceum
606:species such as
389:
378:
368:
358:
355:Geboscon ursinum
348:
338:
328:
316:
304:
292:
282:
272:
262:
252:
242:
232:
229:Aglitheis ursina
221:Species synonymy
220:
198:
164:
60:
59:
46:
32:
31:
21:
18:Aglitheis ursina
4231:
4230:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4191:Flora of Europe
4171:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4156:
4151:
4143:
4138:
4130:
4125:
4117:
4112:
4104:
4099:
4091:
4086:
4078:
4076:
4068:
4063:
4055:
4053:
4045:
4040:
4032:
4029:Observation.org
4027:
4019:
4017:
4009:
4004:
3996:
3991:
3983:
3978:
3970:
3965:
3957:
3952:
3944:
3939:
3931:
3926:
3918:
3913:
3905:
3900:
3892:
3887:
3879:
3874:
3866:
3861:
3853:
3848:
3840:
3835:
3827:
3822:
3814:
3812:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3769:
3759:
3754:
3724:
3674:
3659:
3650:Vegetable ivory
3522:
3410:
3322:
3270:
3163:
3125:
3107:
3041:
3023:
2989:Oyster mushroom
2979:Meadow mushroom
2924:
2908:Twincrest onion
2811:
2715:
2698:
2669:Animal products
2663:
2658:
2628:
2623:
2605:
2586:
2577:Allyl mercaptan
2554:
2548:
2539:(garlic butter)
2478:
2406:
2375:
2311:
2099:
2010:Onion cultivars
2004:
1968:
1961:
1918:
1886:
1881:
1880:
1873:
1869:
1862:
1858:
1823:
1819:
1812:
1798:
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1572:
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1558:
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1554:
1538:
1534:
1529:Wayback Machine
1516:
1512:
1459:
1455:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1430:
1413:
1409:
1402:
1392:Reader's Digest
1386:
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1381:
1374:
1360:
1347:
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1318:
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1306:
1299:
1290:
1288:
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1263:
1261:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1192:
1188:
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1114:
1108:Wayback Machine
1099:
1095:
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1017:
1014:
1005:
1002:
993:
984:
975:
966:
963:
954:
951:
942:
909:A. ursinum
905:
897:A. ursinum
882:A. ursinum
863:Veratrum viride
842:A. ursinum
823:
815:A. ursinum
789:comes from the
787:A. ursinum
755:A. ursinum
751:
725:
688:
669:
641:
565:
557:herba salutaris
527:A. ursinum
521:" may refer to
507:
495:A. ursinum
487:A. ursinum
465:flowering plant
394:
375:Moly latifolium
339:Pall. ex Ledeb.
259:Allium nemorale
224:
223:
205:
200:
194:
181:
178:A. ursinum
162:
54:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4229:
4219:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4158:wfo-0000757676
4149:
4136:
4123:
4110:
4097:
4084:
4074:
4070:Allium ursinum
4061:
4057:Allium_ursinum
4051:
4038:
4025:
4015:
4002:
3989:
3976:
3963:
3950:
3937:
3924:
3911:
3898:
3885:
3872:
3859:
3846:
3833:
3820:
3810:
3805:Allium ursinum
3795:
3779:
3777:
3775:Allium ursinum
3771:
3770:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3740:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3717:
3715:Rubber tapping
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3681:Forest farming
3678:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3660:
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3636:
3635:
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3425:
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3408:
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3398:
3393:
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3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3332:
3330:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3317:Vateria indica
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:Shorea robusta
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
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3109:
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3075:
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3055:
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3044:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2965:
2963:Honey mushroom
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2934:
2932:
2926:
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2922:
2921:
2920:
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2905:
2900:
2895:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2846:
2844:Mahuwa flowers
2841:
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2823:
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2812:
2810:
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2799:
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2634:
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2594:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2558:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2533:
2531:Garlic chutney
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2492:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2479:
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2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2425:
2423:
2414:
2412:Garlic species
2408:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2374:
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2313:
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2310:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2272:…tribracteatum
2269:
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2259:
2254:
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2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2118:
2116:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2060:Figueres onion
2057:
2056:
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1969:
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1937:
1931:
1930:
1916:
1915:at Wikispecies
1912:Allium ursinum
1902:
1896:
1892:Allium ursinum
1885:
1884:External links
1882:
1879:
1878:
1867:
1856:
1817:
1810:
1792:
1778:
1743:(9): 949–952.
1733:Allium ursinum
1729:Veratrum album
1719:
1664:
1639:
1614:
1600:
1586:
1566:
1552:
1532:
1510:
1453:
1446:Allium ursinum
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1379:
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1345:
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1112:
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964:
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952:
945:
941:
938:
904:
901:
891:Arum maculatum
886:Arum maculatum
869:Veratrum album
857:Arum maculatum
834:Arum maculatum
830:Allium ursinum
822:
819:
801:settlement of
793:settlement of
750:
747:
736:Allium ursinum
729:Allium ursinum
724:
721:
687:
684:
680:Allium ursinum
672:Allium ursinum
668:
665:
640:
637:
609:Allium vineale
584:Allium ursinum
564:
561:
550:Celtic Britons
535:ancient Greeks
506:
503:
469:Amaryllidaceae
410:Allium ursinum
396:
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351:
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331:
322:Allium ursinum
319:
310:Allium ursinum
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298:Allium ursinum
295:
293:G.Don ex Sweet
285:
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196:Allium ursinum
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128:Amaryllidaceae
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36:Allium ursinum
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3711:
3708:
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3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
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3691:
3690:Honey hunting
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3579:
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3499:
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3492:
3489:
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3482:
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3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3446:Coconut sugar
3444:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3435:
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3421:
3417:
3413:
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3399:
3397:
3394:
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3374:
3372:
3369:
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3357:
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3337:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3325:
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3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
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3294:
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3287:
3284:
3282:
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3274:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
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3240:
3237:
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3227:
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3200:
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3180:
3177:
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3026:
3020:
3019:Yellow knight
3017:
3015:
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3009:Slippery jack
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
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2992:
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2839:Heart of palm
2837:
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2830:
2827:
2826:
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2822:
2818:
2817:Edible plants
2814:
2808:
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2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2782:Juniper berry
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2773:
2770:
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2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
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2494:
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2489:
2485:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2444:…neapolitanum
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2397:Snow Mountain
2395:
2393:
2392:Garlic chives
2390:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2354:Zwiebelkuchen
2352:
2350:
2347:
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2327:
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2300:
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2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2247:…siskiyouense
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2177:…campanulatum
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2137:…ampeloprasum
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2105:Onion species
2102:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
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2019:
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1796:
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1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
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1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1668:
1654:
1650:
1643:
1629:on 2019-04-22
1628:
1624:
1618:
1610:
1604:
1589:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1570:
1555:
1549:
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1544:
1536:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1521:
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1497:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
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1468:
1464:
1457:
1449:
1447:
1439:
1431:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1403:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1375:
1373:0-521-23290-2
1369:
1365:
1358:
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1354:
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1350:
1341:
1329:
1315:
1311:
1304:
1302:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1275:
1260:
1256:
1250:
1242:
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1233:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1215:
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1198:
1190:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1168:
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1144:
1140:
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1125:
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1121:
1119:
1117:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1097:
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1086:
1082:
1072:
1070:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1041:of "ramsons")
1040:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1012:
1007:
1000:
995:
991:
986:
982:
977:
973:
968:
961:
956:
949:
944:
943:
937:
935:
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928:
926:
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916:
914:
910:
900:
898:
893:
892:
887:
883:
877:
875:
871:
870:
865:
864:
859:
858:
853:
852:
847:
843:
835:
831:
827:
818:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
783:
780:
778:
774:
773:
768:
764:
760:
756:
753:All parts of
746:
743:
740:
737:
732:
730:
723:Culinary uses
720:
718:
714:
713:
708:
700:
696:
692:
683:
681:
676:
673:
667:Herbal remedy
664:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
636:
634:
633:
628:
623:
621:
617:
616:
611:
610:
605:
601:
597:
593:
592:inflorescence
589:
585:
578:
574:
569:
560:
558:
553:
551:
547:
542:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
483:
478:
474:
470:
466:
463:
460:
456:
455:bear's garlic
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
411:
402:
387:
386:
382:
379:(Gilib.) Gray
377:
376:
372:
367:
366:
362:
357:
356:
352:
347:
346:
342:
337:
336:
332:
327:
323:
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315:
311:
308:
303:
299:
296:
291:
290:
286:
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276:
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266:
261:
260:
256:
251:
250:
246:
241:
240:
236:
231:
230:
226:
225:
215:
212:
208:
204:
199:
197:
191:
188:
187:Binomial name
184:
180:
179:
174:
171:
170:
167:
166:
158:
155:
154:
151:
150:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
83:
82:Tracheophytes
80:
77:
74:
73:
70:
67:
64:
63:
58:
53:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
3774:
3747:
3720:Wildcrafting
3705:Naval stores
3683: /
3671:
3640:Tendu leaves
3596:Natural dyes
3466:Gutta-percha
3418: /
3356:Frankincense
3316:
3272:
3229:Mango butter
3174:Cocoa butter
3165:
3162:Chaulmoogra
3132:Allanblackia
3063:Black pepper
2948:Birch bolete
2898:Canada onion
2892:
2883:Wild ginseng
2878:Saw palmetto
2819: /
2709: /
2597:
2555:constituents
2536:
2526:Garlic bread
2521:Garlic press
2501:Black garlic
2468:
2420:
2307:…yosemitense
2302:…victorialis
2287:…tuolumnense
2192:…cratericola
2132:…aflatunense
2113:
1977:
1963:
1923:
1911:
1891:
1870:
1859:
1834:
1830:
1820:
1801:
1795:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1722:
1684:(1): 43–57.
1681:
1677:
1667:
1656:. Retrieved
1652:
1642:
1631:. Retrieved
1627:the original
1617:
1603:
1591:. Retrieved
1576:
1569:
1557:. Retrieved
1542:
1535:
1519:
1513:
1473:(1): 81–97.
1470:
1466:
1456:
1445:
1438:
1419:
1416:Stace, C. A.
1410:
1387:
1382:
1363:
1317:. Retrieved
1313:
1289:. Retrieved
1285:
1262:. Retrieved
1258:
1249:
1204:
1200:
1189:
1141:(1): 81–97.
1138:
1134:
1096:
1085:
1068:
1059:
1052:
1044:
1032:
931:
924:
918:
917:
908:
906:
896:
889:
885:
881:
878:
873:
867:
861:
855:
849:
841:
839:
833:
829:
814:
786:
784:
781:
770:
767:Cornish Yarg
754:
752:
744:
741:
735:
733:
728:
726:
710:
705:It grows in
704:
694:
679:
677:
671:
670:
660:
656:
642:
639:Distribution
630:
624:
613:
607:
603:
583:
582:
576:
556:
554:
545:
543:
539:
530:
526:
518:
510:
508:
498:
494:
490:
486:
480:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
409:
408:
407:
383:
373:
369:(L.) Salisb.
363:
353:
343:
333:
325:
321:
313:
309:
301:
297:
287:
277:
267:
257:
247:
237:
227:
195:
193:
177:
176:
160:
148:
101:
88:
75:
35:
29:
3928:iNaturalist
3799:Wikispecies
3655:Willow bark
3486:Maple syrup
3481:Maple sugar
3456:Fruit syrup
3439:chewing gum
3429:Birch syrup
3286:Shea butter
2958:Chanterelle
2903:Crow garlic
2893:Bear garlic
2888:Wild onions
2866:filé powder
2787:Lingonberry
2772:Huckleberry
2544:Garlic soup
2488:Garlic food
2464:…triquetrum
2434:…drummondii
2371:Sogan-dolma
2349:Flammkuchen
2282:…triquetrum
2262:…stipitatum
2222:…platycaule
2207:…fistulosum
2202:…cristophii
2157:…bisceptrum
2152:…atrorubens
2142:…amplectens
2127:…acuminatum
1900:Spice Pages
1837:: 281–291.
1336:|last=
832:(left) and
761:in lieu of
701:in Denmark.
627:flower stem
563:Description
443:wood garlic
427:cows's leek
415:wild garlic
413:, known as
349:(L.) Bernh.
345:Cepa ursina
134:Subfamily:
118:Asparagales
95:Angiosperms
4175:Categories
4093:kew-296893
4088:Plant List
3566:Birch beer
3561:Birch bark
3518:Spruce gum
3501:akpeteshie
3491:Palm sugar
3461:Gum arabic
3451:Date sugar
3401:Turpentine
3281:Sandalwood
3184:Eucalyptus
3179:Eucalyptol
3068:Brazil nut
2943:Bay bolete
2797:Strawberry
2752:Cocoa bean
2747:Breadfruit
2737:Blackberry
2711:tree fruit
2516:Garlic oil
2506:Persillade
2429:…canadense
2361:Onion ring
2344:Onion cake
2321:Onion food
2292:…unifolium
2277:…tricoccum
2257:…stellatum
2242:…shevockii
2237:…sanbornii
2217:…monanthum
2172:…caeruleum
2162:…bolanderi
1658:2020-12-29
1633:2013-05-06
1444:"BSBI map
1319:2022-07-28
1291:2022-07-28
1264:2021-02-17
1077:References
1028:Allioideae
919:A. ursinum
791:Mesolithic
695:A. ursinum
661:ucrainicum
523:Ursa Major
515:brown bear
499:ucrainicum
390:L.) Wallr.
326:ucrainicum
314:ucrainicum
302:ucrainicum
165:Amerallium
156:Subgenus:
138:Allioideae
3685:gardening
3645:Thatching
3496:Palm wine
3341:Birch tar
3269:Sal-seed
3194:Japan wax
3147:Candlenut
3088:Malva nut
3053:Areca nut
2974:Matsutake
2930:Mushrooms
2871:root beer
2861:Sassafras
2849:Sago palm
2792:Raspberry
2777:Jackfruit
2742:Blueberry
2694:Wild game
2212:…koreanum
2187:…chinense
2167:…burlewii
2122:…abramsii
1843:1537-6176
1773:207657813
1757:1556-3650
1714:140699993
1706:1461-4103
1223:1746-4269
1207:(1): 14.
1163:1568-7767
913:wild boar
799:Neolithic
749:Edibility
707:deciduous
699:Riis Skov
505:Etymology
462:perennial
447:bear leek
423:cowleekes
359:(L.) Raf.
233:(L.) Raf.
172:Species:
65:Kingdom:
4145:18400122
4140:Tropicos
4054:PalDat:
3946:529088-1
3813:BioLib:
3784:Wikidata
3738:Category
3554:textiles
3386:Pine tar
3351:Creosote
3301:Tea-tree
3296:Tea-seed
3264:Pongamia
3254:Phulwara
3239:Nagkesar
3234:Murumuru
3209:Kpangnan
3157:Carnauba
3098:Pine nut
3083:Hazelnut
3073:Cinnamon
3058:Bay leaf
3048:Allspice
2970:(reishi)
2802:Tamarind
2767:Gambooge
2727:Bilberry
2619:Category
2474:…vineale
2469:…ursinum
2387:Elephant
2334:Blooming
2297:…validum
2267:…textile
2232:…punctum
2227:…praecox
2197:…crispum
2182:…cernuum
2075:Scallion
2033:Cocktail
1765:21171854
1593:13 April
1559:13 April
1525:Archived
1522:, p. 246
1505:25774103
1418:(2010).
1328:cite web
1241:28222790
1181:25774103
1104:Archived
1067:List of
1022:See also
844:include
805:-Weier (
803:Thayngen
653:Shetland
645:Caucasus
575:'s book
435:buckrams
253:St.-Lag.
211:Synonyms
124:Family:
108:Monocots
3980:MoBotPF
3907:2857601
3868:1085089
3850:Ecocrop
3790:Q130882
3749:Commons
3664:Related
3628:Tanbark
3623:Shellac
3613:Quinine
3586:Gambier
3506:ogogoro
3406:Varnish
3371:Lacquer
3361:Gamboge
3346:Camphor
3336:Benzoin
3246: (
3152:Capuacu
3137:Babassu
3103:Vanilla
3014:Truffle
2999:Red cap
2968:Lingzhi
2757:Coconut
2732:Binukaw
2707:Berries
2591:Related
2562:Allicin
2454:…roseum
2449:…nigrum
2421:Allium…
2366:Pickled
2147:…anceps
2114:Allium…
2095:Vidalia
2080:Shallot
1980:species
1851:3873137
1686:Bibcode
1496:4352197
1475:Bibcode
1259:eol.org
1232:5320662
1172:4352197
1143:Bibcode
1101:GRIN-CA
1071:species
1039:cognate
940:Gallery
903:Ecology
686:Habitat
657:ursinum
600:bulbils
588:monocot
519:ursinum
511:ursinum
497:subsp.
491:ursinum
489:subsp.
459:bulbous
457:, is a
431:cowleek
419:ramsons
324:subsp.
300:subsp.
263:Salisb.
144:Genus:
114:Order:
69:Plantae
4186:Garlic
4181:Allium
4101:PLANTS
4047:748364
4018:NZOR:
3985:281739
3972:810202
3959:112132
3894:189243
3829:288573
3672:Dehesa
3633:tannin
3618:Rattan
3581:Forage
3544:edible
3539:Bamboo
3534:Amadou
3513:Rubber
3434:Chicle
3376:Mastic
3328:Resins
3311:Ucuuba
3306:Tucuma
3291:Tamanu
3248:kernel
3219:Mafura
3189:Illipe
3142:Bacuri
3093:Nutmeg
3037:spices
2762:Durian
2722:Banana
2511:Pistou
2070:Potato
2043:Yellow
2023:Calçot
1990:Garlic
1985:Chives
1978:Allium
1965:Allium
1849:
1841:
1808:
1771:
1763:
1755:
1712:
1704:
1584:
1550:
1503:
1493:
1426:
1398:
1370:
1282:"Home"
1239:
1229:
1221:
1179:
1169:
1161:
1069:Allium
860:, and
811:pollen
795:Barkær
655:. The
649:Orkney
620:tepals
604:Allium
594:is an
579:, 1885
546:hramsa
531:Allium
482:Allium
477:garlic
243:Gilib.
149:Allium
4196:Herbs
4077:PFI:
3933:56152
3889:EUNIS
3881:ALLUR
3842:65X8C
3816:42006
3601:henna
3576:Ferns
3527:Other
3476:Latex
3396:Rosin
3391:Pitch
3381:Myrrh
3366:Kauri
3224:Mahua
3214:Kusum
3204:Kombo
3199:Kokum
3121:waxes
3078:Clove
2984:Morel
2918:Ramps
2854:queen
2829:Betel
2821:roots
2682:Honey
2439:…moly
2339:Fried
2085:Sweet
2065:Pearl
2053:White
2000:Onion
1847:JSTOR
1831:Ursus
1769:S2CID
1710:S2CID
813:from
763:basil
759:pesto
596:umbel
525:, as
473:onion
312:var.
163:subg.
102:Clade
89:Clade
76:Clade
4114:POWO
4106:ALUR
4080:6901
4065:PfaF
4034:6355
4011:4684
4006:NCBI
3967:ITIS
3941:IPNI
3920:2413
3915:GRIN
3902:GBIF
3876:EPPO
3855:3010
3824:BOLD
3608:Peat
3591:Moss
3571:Cork
3471:Kino
3259:Pilu
3244:Palm
3032:Nuts
2687:pine
2677:Furs
2402:Solo
2090:Tree
1995:Leek
1839:ISSN
1806:ISBN
1761:PMID
1753:ISSN
1735:)".
1702:ISSN
1595:2011
1582:ISBN
1561:2011
1548:ISBN
1501:PMID
1424:ISBN
1396:ISBN
1368:ISBN
1340:help
1237:PMID
1219:ISSN
1177:PMID
1159:ISSN
934:bees
884:and
651:and
493:and
475:and
273:Lam.
4153:WFO
4132:879
4127:RHS
3993:NBN
3954:ISC
3863:EoL
3837:CoL
3420:gum
3416:Sap
3116:Oil
2953:Cep
2048:Red
1745:doi
1694:doi
1491:PMC
1483:doi
1227:PMC
1209:doi
1167:PMC
1151:doi
866:or
635:).
453:or
161:A.
4177::
4155::
4142::
4129::
4116::
4103::
4090::
4067::
4044::
4031::
4008::
3995::
3982::
3969::
3956::
3943::
3930::
3917::
3904::
3891::
3878::
3865::
3852::
3839::
3826::
3801::
3786::
1922:.
1845:.
1835:10
1833:.
1829:.
1781:^
1767:.
1759:.
1751:.
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