405:
responded to increased inspection rate by increasing pretreatment effort, while others chose to avoid shipping to a specific port, or shopped for another port. An important result of the model results is that it can show or provide recommendations to policy makers about the point at which importers may start to shop for ports, such as the inspection rate at which port shopping is introduced and the importers associated with a certain level of pest risk or transportation cost are likely to make these changes. Another interesting outcome of the model is that when inspectors were not able to learn to respond to an importer with previously infested shipments, damage to
California broccoli crops was estimated to be $ 150 million. However, when inspectors were able to increase inspection rates of importers with previous violations, damage to the California broccoli crops was reduced by approximately 12%. The model provides a mechanism to predict the introduction of invasive species from agricultural imports and their likely damage. Equally as important, the model provides policy makers and border control agencies with a tool that can be used to determine the best allocation of inspectional resources.
2498:
647:) that compete for space and resources in biofilms immersed in aquatic environments. iDynoMiCS can be used to seek to understand how individual microbial dynamics lead to emergent population- or biofilm-level properties and behaviours. Examining such formations is important in soil and river studies, dental hygiene studies, infectious disease and medical implant related infection research, and for understanding biocorrosion. An agent-based modelling paradigm was employed to make it possible to explore how each individual bacterium, of a particular species, contributes to the development of the biofilm. The initial illustration of iDynoMiCS considered how environmentally fluctuating oxygen availability affects the diversity and composition of a community of
312:
when climatic conditions become unfavorable for the beetle. The Pine Agent simulates the resistance of the host tree, specifically the
Lodgepole pine tree, and monitors the state and attributes of each stand of trees. At some point in the MPB attack, the number of beetles per tree reaches the host tree capacity. When this point is reached, the beetles release a chemical to direct beetles to attack other trees. The Pine Agent models this behavior by calculating the beetle population density per stand and passes the information to the Beetle Agents. The Forest Management Agent was used, at the stand level, to simulate two common
332:. The model was executed for five time steps, each step representing a single year. Thirty simulation runs were conducted for each forest management strategy considered. The results of the simulation showed that when no management strategy was employed, the highest overall MPB infestation occurred. The results also showed that the salvage harvest management technique resulted in a 25% reduction in the number of forest strands killed by the MPB, as opposed to a 19% reduction by the sanitation harvest management strategy. In summary, the results show that the model can be used as a tool to build forest management policies.
3194:
401:, version 3.1.5. Spatial information on the location of the ports of entry, major highways, and transportation routes was included in the analysis as well as a map of California broccoli crops layered with invasive species establishment probability maps. BehaviorSpace, a software tool integrated with NetLogo, was used to test the effects of different parameters (e.g. shipment value, pretreatment cost) in the model. On average, 100 iterations were calculated at each level of the parameter being used, where an iteration represented a one-year run.
445:, such as reproduction and competition for resources which may have significant impacts on population trends. The agent-based modeling approach also allows modelers to create more generic and modular models that are more flexible and easier to maintain than modeling approaches that focus on the population as a whole. Other proposed advantages of agent-based models include realistic representation of a phenomenon of interest due to the interactions of a group of autonomous agents, and the capability to integrate quantitative variables,
1799:
3220:
3208:
661:
when plasmid transfer depends on growth. Sensitivity analysis techniques were employed that suggests parameters relating to timing (lag before plasmid transfer between agents) and spatial reach are more important for plasmid invasion into a biofilm than the receiving agents growth rate or probability of segregational loss. Further examples that use iDynoMiCS continue to be published, including use of iDynoMiCS in modelling of a
307:
MPB behavior; the Pine Agent represented the forest environment and tree health evolution; the Forest
Management Agent represented the different management strategies. The Beetle Agent follows a series of rules to decide where to fly within the forest and to select a healthy tree to attack, feed, and breed. The MPB typically kills host trees in its natural environment in order to successfully reproduce. The beetle
2826:
389:). California is by far the largest producer of broccoli in the United States and so the concern and potential impact of an invasive species introduction through the chosen ports of entry is significant. The model also incorporated a spatially explicit damage function that was used to model invasive species damage in a realistic manner. Agent-based modeling provides the ability to analyze the behavior of
656:
cost the faster the switching the better. However, where faster switching incurs a higher cost, there is a strategy with optimal response time for any frequency of environmental fluctuations. This suggests that different types of denitrifying strategies win in different biological environments. Since this introduction the applications of iDynoMiCS continues to increase: a recent exploration of the
543:. Reproduction of the plant is not impacted by water flow, but can be influenced by animals, other plants, and humans. The plant can grow up to two meters tall, which is a limiting condition because it can only grow in certain water depths, and most of its biomass is found at the top of the plant in order to capture the most sunlight possible. The second plant agent in the model is
591:. It is a relatively shallow lake with an average depth of 1.55 meters and covers about 30 square kilometers. The lake is under eutrophication stress which means that nutrients are not a limiting factor for either of the plant agents in the model. The initial position of the plant agents in the model was randomly determined. The model was implemented using
361:
based on their own goals and objectives. The invasive species has the ability to determine if it has been released in an area containing the target crop, and to spread to adjacent plots of the target crop. The model incorporates spatial probability maps that are used to determine if an invasive species becomes established. The study focused on shipments of
718:
The first agent-based model is a multiscale model of mammary gland development starting with a rudimentary mammary ductal tree at the onset of puberty (during active proliferation) all the way to a full mammary gland at adulthood (when there is little proliferation). The model consists of millions of
404:
The results of the model showed that as inspection efforts increase, importers increase due care, or the pretreatment of shipments, and the total monetary loss of
California crops decreases. The model showed that importers respond to an increase in inspection effort in different ways. Some importers
306:
practices influence the spatial distribution and patterns of insect population and their preferences for attacked and killed trees. Three management strategies were considered by the model: 1) no management, 2) sanitation harvest and 3) salvage harvest. In the model, the Beetle Agent represented the
213:
methodology that focuses on rules and interactions among the individual components or the agents of the matrix . The goal of this modeling method is to generate populations of the system components of interest and simulate their interactions in a virtual world. Agent-based models start with rules for
660:
invasion in biofilms being one example. This study explored the hypothesis that poor plasmid spread in biofilms is caused by a dependence of conjugation on the growth rate of the plasmid donor agent. Through simulation, the paper suggests that plasmid invasion into a resident biofilm is only limited
441:. The agent-based modeling method was chosen because of its focus on the behavior of the individual agents rather than the population as a whole. The authors propose that traditional models that focus on populations as a whole do not take into account the complexity of the concurrent interactions in
731:
experiments the best. Surprisingly, radiation-induced cell inactivation by death did not contribute to increased stem cell frequency independently of the dose delivered in the model. Instead the model revealed that the combination of increased self-renewal and cell proliferation during puberty led
668:
iDynoMiCS has been developed by an international team of researchers in order to provide a common platform for further development of all individual-based models of microbial biofilms and such like. The model was originally the result of years of work by
Laurent Lardon, Brian Merkey, and Jan-Ulrich
393:
actors, so three different types of importers were considered that differed in terms of commodity infection rates (high, medium, and low), pretreatment choice, and cost of transportation to the ports. The model gave predictions on inspection rates for each port of entry and importer and determined
360:
The agent-based model developed for the study considered three types of agents: invasive species, importers, and border enforcement agents. In the model, the invasive species can only react to their surroundings, while the importers and border enforcement agents are able to make their own decisions
655:
or low oxygen conditions. The study explores the hypothesis that the existence of diverse strategies of denitrification in an environment can be explained by solely assuming that faster response incurs a higher cost. The agent-based model suggests that if metabolic pathways can be switched without
316:
practices (sanitation and salvage) as well as the strategy where no management practice was employed. With the sanitation harvest strategy, if a stand has an infestation rate greater than a set threshold, the stand is removed as well as any healthy neighbor stand when the average size of the trees
759:
experiments provide insight into why children exposed to ionizing radiation have a substantially greater breast cancer risk than adults. Together, they support the hypothesis that the breast is susceptible to a transient increase in stem cell self-renewal when exposed to radiation during puberty,
698:
in the gland. This is important because stem cells are thought to be key targets for cancer initiation by ionizing radiation because they have the greatest long-term proliferative potential and mutagenic events persist in multiple daughter cells. Additionally, epidemiology data show that children
489:
The study started the simulation run with an initial population of 10,000 alate aphids distributed across a grid of 25 meter cells. The simulation results showed that there were two major population peaks, the first in early autumn due to an influx of alate immigrants and the second due to lower
481:
food source. The model also considered mortality among the Aphid agents, which is dependent on age, temperatures, and quality of habitat. The speed at which an Aphid agent ages is determined by the daily minimum, maximum, and mean temperatures. The model considered movement of the Aphid agents to
311:
feed on the inner bark of mature host trees, eventually killing them. In order for the beetles to reproduce, the host tree must be sufficiently large and have thick inner bark. The MPB outbreaks end when the food supply decreases to the point that there is not enough to sustain the population or
699:
exposed to ionizing radiation have a substantially greater breast cancer risk than adults. These experiments thus prompted questions about the underlying mechanism for the increase in mammary stem cells following radiation which can be explored by two agent-based models used in parallel with
595:
software package and was executed to simulate the growth and decay of the two different plant agents, taking into account the environmental agents previously discussed as well as interactions with other plant agents. The results of the model execution show that the population distribution of
294:
such as fire, disease, and insect infestation. Forest resources make up approximately 15% of the province's economy, so infestations caused by insects such as the MPB can have significant impacts on the economy. The MPB outbreaks are considered a major natural disturbance that can result in
460:
programming language. The model was run in daily time steps and focused on the autumn and winter seasons. Input data for the model included habitat data, daily minimum, maximum, and mean temperatures, and wind speed and direction. For the Aphid agents, age, position, and
932:
343:
refers to "non-native" plants and animals that adversely affect the environments they invade. The introduction of invasive species may have environmental, economic, and ecological implications. An agent-based model can developed to evaluate the impacts of
600:
has a spatial pattern very similar to the GIS maps of observed distributions. The authors of the study conclude that the agent rules developed in the study are reasonable to simulate the spatial pattern of macrophyte growth in this particular lake.
247:
Either by excluding non-essential details or when details are not available, agent-based models can be constructed in the absence of complete knowledge of the system under study. This allows the model to be as simple and verifiable as possible.
732:
to stem cell enrichment. In contrast epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the model was shown to increase stem cell frequency not only in pubertal mammary glands but also in adult glands. This latter prediction, however, contradicted the
559:
but has a much shorter life span. The model also considered environmental and animal agents. Environmental agents considered included water flow, light penetration, and water depth. Flow conditions, although not of high importance to
473:) were considered. Age ranged from 0.00 to 2.00, with 1.00 being the point at which the agent becomes an adult. Reproduction by the Aphid agents is dependent on age, morphology, and daily minimum, maximum, and mean temperatures. Once
265:
In an ecological context, agent-based modeling can be used to model the behaviour of different species such as insects infestations, other invasive species, aphids, aquatic populations, and the evolution of innate foraging behaviors.
238:
Through the use of the individual agents that interact locally with rules of behavior, agent-based models result in a synergy that leads to a higher level whole with much more intricate behavior than those of each individual agent.
356:
that presents invasive species risk with the goal of improving the allocation of enforcement resources and to provide a tool to policy makers to answer further questions concerning border enforcement and invasive species risk.
941:
739:
To further evaluate self-renewal as the mechanism, a second agent-based model was created to simulate the growth dynamics of human mammary epithelial cells (containing stem/progenitor and differentiated cell subpopulations)
639:. The purpose of iDynoMiCS (individual-based Dynamics of Microbial Communities Simulator) is to simulate the growth of populations and communities of individual microbes (small unicellular organisms such as bacteria,
673:
in 2013, the development of iDynoMiCS as a tool for biological exploration continues apace, with new features being added when appropriate. From its inception, the team have committed to releasing iDynoMiCS as an
522:
conditions. Given these possibilities, it is important to understand how the environment and other organisms affect the growth of these aquatic plants to allow mitigation or prevention of these harmful impacts.
256:
Biological systems exhibit behavior that appears to be random. The probability of a particular behavior can be determined for a system as a whole and then be translated into rules for the individual agents.
547:, also a rooted aquatic plant. One major difference in the two plants is that the latter reproduces through the use of very small seeds called oospores and bulbills which are spread via the flow of water.
736:
data; irradiation of adult mammary glands did not lead to increased stem cell frequency. These simulations therefore suggested self-renewal as the primary mechanism behind pubertal stem cell increase.
580:
decreases. Finally, depth is important to both species of plants. As water depth increases, the light penetration decreases making it difficult for either species to survive beyond certain depths.
748:
experiments, the second agent-based model further confirmed that cells must extensively proliferate to observe a self-renewal dependent increase in stem/progenitor cell numbers after irradiation.
282:, in order to evaluate how different harvesting policies influence spatial characteristics of the forest and spatial propagation of the MPB infestation over time. About two-thirds of the land in
615:
Agent-based modeling is increasingly used to model the behaviour of individual cells within a tissue. These models are divided into on- and off-lattice models with on-lattice models such as
1376:
Merkey BV, Lardon LA, Seoane JM, Kreft JU, Smets BF (September 2011). "Growth dependence of conjugation explains limited plasmid invasion in biofilms: an individual-based modelling study".
394:
the success rate of border agent inspection, not only for each port and importer but also for each potential level of pretreatment (no pretreatment, level one, level two, and level three).
317:
exceeded a set threshold. For the salvage harvest strategy, a stand is removed even it is not under a MPB attack if a predetermined number of neighboring stands are under a MPB attack.
230:
The behavior of an agent-based model is defined by the rules of its agents. Existing agent rules can be modified or new agents can be added without having to modify the entire model.
182:
2657:
299:
tree, one of the most abundant commercial tree species in
British Columbia. Insect outbreaks have resulted in the death of trees over areas of several thousand square kilometers.
3149:
490:
temperatures later in the year and a lack of immigrants. Ultimately, it is the goal of the researchers to adapt this model to simulate broader ecosystems and animal types.
1008:. 2010 International Congress on Environmental Modeling and Software. Osnabruck, Germany: International Environmental Modeling and Software Society (iEMSs). Archived from
940:. 2010 International Congress on Environmental Modeling and Software. Ottawa, Canada: International Environmental Modeling and Software Society (iEMSs). Archived from
678:
platform, encouraging collaborators to develop additional functionality that can then be merged into the next stable release. IDynoMiCS has been implemented in the
1318:
Lardon LA, Merkey BV, Martins S, Dötsch A, Picioreanu C, Kreft JU, Smets BF (September 2011). "iDynoMiCS: next-generation individual-based modelling of biofilms".
551:
only grows up to 20 cm and requires very good light conditions as well as good water quality, all of which are limiting factors on the growth of the plant.
510:
in which they live as they may provide shelter and food for other aquatic organisms. However, they may also have harmful impacts such as the excessive growth of
1479:
Preston DL, Mattsson A, Holmberg E, Shore R, Hildreth NG, Boice JD (August 2002). "Radiation effects on breast cancer risk: a pooled analysis of eight cohorts".
2652:
682:
programming language, with MATLAB and R scripts provided to analyse results. Biofilm structures that are formed in simulation can be viewed as a movie using
727:
mammary gland measurements. The model was then used to test the three different mechanisms to determine which one led to simulation results that matched
477:
hatch, they remain in the same location as their parents. The morphology of the nymphs is related to population density and the nutrient quality of the
719:
agents, with each agent representing a mammary stem cell, a progenitor cell, or a differentiated cell in the breast. Simulations were first run on the
2141:
1230:
Rejniak KA (July 2007). "An immersed boundary framework for modelling the growth of individual cells: an application to the early tumour development".
1432:"Radiation acts on the microenvironment to affect breast carcinogenesis by distinct mechanisms that decrease cancer latency and affect tumor type"
853:
2682:
2174:
189:
2522:
97:
1000:
694:
Experiments have shown that exposure to ionizing irradiation of pubertal mammary glands results in an increase in the ratio of mammary
92:
568:. Flow conditions affect the direction as well as the distance the seeds will be distributed. Light penetration strongly influences
2497:
214:
behavior and seek to reconstruct, through computational instantiation of those behavioral rules, the observed patterns of behavior.
2672:
2457:
1830:
969:
Ameden HA, Boxall PC, Cash SB, Vickers DA (2009). "An Agent-Based Model of Border
Enforcement for Invasive Species Management".
2010:
1581:"Irradiation of juvenile, but not adult, mammary gland increases stem cell self-renewal and estrogen receptor negative tumors"
627:
models and models based on the subcellular element method. Some examples of specific applications of cell-based modeling are:
1749:
1292:
720:
62:
2687:
2785:
2647:
302:
The agent-based model developed for this study was designed to simulate the MPB attack behavior in order to evaluate how
137:
47:
1759:
1646:
152:
2677:
1952:
712:
2312:
2167:
102:
1849:
1579:
Tang J, Fernandez-Garcia I, Vijayakumar S, Martinez-Ruis H, Illa-Bochaca I, Nguyen DH, et al. (March 2014).
1500:
635:
An agent-based model can be used model the colonisation of bacteria onto a surface, leading to the formation of
3139:
1532:"Cause-specific late mortality among 5-year survivors of childhood cancer: the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study"
670:
57:
320:
The study considered a forested area in the North-Central
Interior of British Columbia of approximately 560
3159:
3144:
1720:
573:
22:
3154:
2160:
1967:
1920:
715:(EMT), and self-renewal (symmetric division) as mechanisms by which radiation could increase stem cells.
679:
457:
175:
3244:
2462:
1676:
860:
482:
occur in two separate phases, a migratory phase and a foraging phase, both of which affect the overall
72:
2770:
2664:
1854:
1825:
1725:
1663:
1430:
Nguyen DH, Oketch-Rabah HA, Illa-Bochaca I, Geyer FC, Reis-Filho JS, Mao JH, et al. (May 2011).
592:
453:
209:, primarily due to the characteristics of the modeling method. Agent-based modeling is a rule-based,
1530:
Mertens AC, Liu Q, Neglia JP, Wasilewski K, Leisenring W, Armstrong GT, et al. (October 2008).
3223:
3016:
3011:
2307:
2005:
1124:"Comparing individual-based approaches to modelling the self-organization of multicellular tissues"
624:
157:
2924:
2735:
2629:
2357:
2347:
2086:
1871:
652:
483:
142:
107:
2750:
2740:
2442:
2427:
2106:
1766:
1639:
1361:
Wanner O, Eberl H, Morgenroth E, Noguera D, Picioreanu C, Rittmann B, van
Loosdrecht M (2006).
934:
Exploring Forest
Management Practices Using and Agent-Based Model of Forest Insect Infestations
446:
210:
37:
1110:
222:
Several of the characteristics of agent-based models important to biological studies include:
3169:
3096:
3031:
2896:
2871:
2846:
2730:
2477:
2257:
1915:
1820:
648:
378:
291:
1009:
879:"Stochastic Individual-Based Modeling of Bacterial Growth and Division Using Flow Cytometry"
2904:
2866:
2197:
2126:
2091:
1929:
1876:
1783:
1488:
1273:
Newman TJ (2007). "Modeling Multicellular Structures Using the Subcellular Element Model".
1239:
1135:
675:
620:
462:
374:
275:
147:
8:
3126:
2780:
2589:
2547:
2317:
2277:
2136:
2111:
2101:
1691:
1279:. Mathematics and Biosciences in Interaction. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel. pp. 221–239.
671:
National Centre for Replacement, Refinement, and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs)
414:
1939:
1492:
1243:
1139:
3046:
3041:
2909:
2851:
2745:
2594:
2512:
2397:
2377:
2287:
2230:
2116:
1977:
1972:
1610:
1556:
1531:
1512:
1456:
1431:
1343:
1207:
1182:
1158:
1123:
1088:
1053:
905:
878:
829:
804:
616:
511:
418:
30:
723:
Lawrencium supercomputer to parameterize and benchmark the model against a variety of
576:(EC) is a measure of light penetration in water. As EC increases, the growth rate of
3056:
2934:
2881:
2800:
2467:
2432:
2372:
2332:
2302:
2272:
2183:
2081:
2000:
1987:
1947:
1788:
1632:
1602:
1561:
1504:
1461:
1393:
1389:
1335:
1331:
1288:
1255:
1212:
1163:
1093:
1075:
1002:
Aphid Population Dynamics in Agricultural Landscapes: An Agent-based Simulation Model
982:
910:
834:
775:
708:
610:
303:
202:
1614:
1516:
1413:
Individual-based Modeling of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm with Glucose Substrate
1347:
689:
3164:
2856:
2760:
2712:
2624:
2517:
2215:
1962:
1910:
1893:
1815:
1807:
1592:
1551:
1543:
1496:
1451:
1443:
1385:
1327:
1280:
1247:
1202:
1194:
1153:
1143:
1083:
1065:
1054:"Evolution of innate behavioral strategies through competitive population dynamics"
978:
900:
890:
824:
816:
769:
340:
283:
669:
Kreft, with code contributions from Joao Xavier. With additional funding from the
3134:
3101:
2962:
2914:
2790:
2765:
2574:
2527:
2452:
2297:
2282:
1778:
1655:
1284:
1148:
1122:
Osborne JM, Fletcher AG, Pitt-Francis JM, Maini PK, Gavaghan DJ (February 2017).
1070:
474:
426:
2998:
2952:
2947:
2919:
2886:
2755:
2614:
2542:
2532:
2382:
2327:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2121:
2055:
2032:
1866:
1861:
1844:
1837:
1730:
1274:
1251:
623:
model and off-lattice models such as center-based models, vertex-based models,
515:
296:
162:
119:
1798:
1447:
324:. The area consisted primarily of Lodgepole pine with smaller proportions of
3238:
3212:
3106:
3071:
2972:
2967:
2942:
2472:
2437:
2412:
2262:
2225:
1995:
1737:
1708:
1686:
1079:
895:
519:
503:
390:
345:
1578:
3198:
2977:
2957:
2861:
2599:
2482:
2402:
2362:
2352:
2322:
2076:
2050:
2040:
2017:
1898:
1606:
1565:
1508:
1465:
1397:
1339:
1259:
1216:
1167:
1097:
914:
838:
744:
after irradiation. By comparing the simulation results with data from the
532:
329:
313:
1547:
3111:
3086:
3081:
3051:
2834:
2810:
2775:
2584:
2487:
2407:
2367:
2220:
2096:
2045:
1886:
1742:
1198:
588:
584:
526:
325:
3091:
3026:
2815:
2795:
2579:
2552:
2337:
2250:
1903:
1881:
499:
498:
A model is proposed to study the population dynamics of two species of
442:
370:
3207:
1597:
1580:
274:
Agent-based modeling has been used to simulate attack behavior of the
3116:
3021:
2805:
2569:
2562:
2537:
2447:
2152:
2131:
1771:
1039:
Exploring Multi-Agent Systems in Aquatic Population Dynamics Modeling
695:
507:
430:
820:
630:
3066:
2876:
2422:
2417:
2342:
2060:
2022:
1754:
1696:
1429:
540:
470:
362:
349:
82:
3076:
3036:
3006:
2984:
2604:
2392:
2292:
1681:
1183:"A Review of Cell-Based Computational Modeling in Cancer Biology"
690:
Mammary stem cell enrichment following irradiation during puberty
683:
657:
644:
640:
636:
535:
that absorbs nutrients from the soil and reproduces through root
438:
398:
321:
206:
2825:
2195:
1121:
1041:. Proc. 8th International Conference on Hydroinformatics. Chile.
3061:
2387:
1715:
760:
which primes the adult tissue to develop cancer decades later.
536:
434:
425:. The study was conducted in a five square kilometer region of
382:
366:
308:
287:
112:
87:
1957:
809:
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Systems Biology and Medicine
478:
466:
1478:
1360:
290:
is covered by forests that are constantly being modified by
2557:
1703:
1624:
1501:
10.1667/0033-7587(2002)158[0220:reobcr]2.0.co;2
876:
531:
is one of the aquatic plant agents in the model. It is an
353:
1529:
2619:
2609:
1317:
1181:
Metzcar J, Wang Y, Heiland R, Macklin P (February 2019).
1180:
802:
1410:
260:
1375:
968:
877:
GarcĂa MR, Vázquez JA, Teixeira IG, Alonso AA (2018).
854:"Review and Analysis of Agent-based Models in Biology"
751:
The combination of the two agent-based models and the
1052:
Liang, Tong; Brinkman, Braden A. W. (14 March 2022).
805:"Agent-based models in translational systems biology"
583:
The area of interest in the model was a lake in the
686:files that are generated as the simulation is run.
381:. The selected invasive species of concern was the
2142:Task allocation and partitioning of social insects
452:The model was implemented in the modeling toolkit
631:Bacteria aggregation leading to biofilm formation
3236:
2267:
1415:. Fall 2011 Meeting of the APS Prairie Section,
1276:Single-Cell-Based Models in Biology and Medicine
998:
803:An G, Mi Q, Dutta-Moscato J, Vodovotz Y (2009).
930:
449:, and rule based behavior into the same model.
1411:Steffens MJ, Clement BJ, Wentworth CD (2011).
778: – Software agent which acts autonomously
651:that induce the denitrification pathway under
493:
413:An agent-based model can be used to study the
2458:Stable isotope analysis in aquatic ecosystems
2168:
1640:
1051:
772: – Type of autonomous entity in software
269:
183:
1313:
1311:
926:
924:
851:
798:
796:
794:
792:
408:
2523:Freshwater environmental quality parameters
707:experiments to evaluate cell inactivation,
518:of the lakes in which they live leading to
2175:
2161:
1647:
1633:
1036:
971:Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics
352:-specific enforcement regimes for a given
190:
176:
1596:
1555:
1455:
1308:
1206:
1157:
1147:
1087:
1069:
1032:
1030:
921:
904:
894:
828:
789:
1536:Journal of the National Cancer Institute
564:, directly impact the seed dispersal of
1369:
1229:
994:
992:
3237:
2182:
1417:November 10–12, 2011, abstract #E1.006
1404:
1272:
1027:
604:
233:
2711:
2710:
2194:
2156:
1750:Patterns of self-organization in ants
1628:
845:
721:Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
397:The model was implemented and ran in
261:Modelling different species behaviour
1354:
989:
964:
962:
852:Politopoulos I (11 September 2007).
572:as it requires high water quality.
225:
2786:Oceanic physical-biological process
2648:List of freshwater ecoregions (WWF)
999:Evans A, Morgan D, Parry H (2004).
870:
335:
138:Distributed artificial intelligence
48:Agent-based computational economics
13:
1760:symmetry breaking of escaping ants
217:
153:Multi-agent reinforcement learning
14:
3256:
1363:Mathematical Modeling of Biofilms
959:
713:epithelial-mesenchymal transition
3219:
3218:
3206:
3192:
2824:
2496:
2313:Colored dissolved organic matter
1797:
1390:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02535.x
1332:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02414.x
983:10.1111/j.1744-7976.2009.01166.x
665:biofilm with glucose substrate.
251:
2658:Latin America and the Caribbean
1572:
1523:
1472:
1423:
1266:
1223:
1187:JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics
1174:
1115:
3140:Ecological values of mangroves
2683:North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
1232:Journal of Theoretical Biology
1104:
1045:
931:Perez L, Dragucevic S (2010).
555:has a higher growth rate than
242:
1:
1037:Li H, Mynett A, Qi H (2009).
782:
98:Platforms for software agents
63:Agent-based modeling software
58:Agent-based social simulation
3160:Marine conservation activism
3145:Fisheries and climate change
1721:Mixed-species foraging flock
1672:Agent-based model in biology
1654:
1419:. American Physical Society.
1285:10.1007/978-3-7643-8123-3_10
1149:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005387
1071:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009934
295:widespread mortality of the
53:Agent-based model in biology
7:
3155:Human impact on marine life
3032:Davidson Seamount § Ecology
2268:Aquatic population dynamics
1968:Particle swarm optimization
763:
494:Aquatic population dynamics
373:through the ports of entry
10:
3261:
1677:Collective animal behavior
1378:Environmental Microbiology
1320:Environmental Microbiology
1252:10.1016/j.jtbi.2007.02.019
1128:PLOS Computational Biology
1058:PLOS Computational Biology
608:
429:, a county located in the
270:Forest insect infestations
205:have many applications in
73:Agent-oriented programming
3186:
3125:
2997:
2933:
2895:
2842:
2833:
2822:
2771:Marine primary production
2723:
2719:
2706:
2665:List of marine ecoregions
2640:
2505:
2494:
2208:
2204:
2190:
2069:
2031:
1986:
1938:
1806:
1795:
1662:
1448:10.1016/j.ccr.2011.03.011
1365:. London: IWA Publishing.
883:Frontiers in Microbiology
506:play a vital role in the
409:Aphid population dynamics
3017:Coastal biogeomorphology
3012:Marine coastal ecosystem
2006:Self-propelled particles
896:10.3389/fmicb.2017.02626
625:immersed boundary method
158:Self-propelled particles
2925:Paradox of the plankton
2736:Diel vertical migration
2630:Freshwater swamp forest
2348:GIS and aquatic science
2196:General components and
2087:Collective intelligence
1953:Ant colony optimization
484:population distribution
280:Dendroctonus ponderosae
143:Multi-agent pathfinding
2751:Large marine ecosystem
2443:Shoaling and schooling
2107:Microbial intelligence
1767:Shoaling and schooling
663:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
574:Extinction coefficient
562:Potamogeton pectinatus
557:Potamogeton pectinatus
528:Potamogeton pectinatus
447:differential equations
387:Phyllotreta cruciferae
354:agricultural commodity
211:computational modeling
38:Multi-agent simulation
3170:Marine protected area
3097:Salt pannes and pools
2872:Marine larval ecology
2847:Census of Marine Life
2731:Deep scattering layer
2688:San Francisco Estuary
2653:Africa and Madagascar
2478:Underwater camouflage
2258:Aquatic biomonitoring
2198:freshwater ecosystems
649:denitrifying bacteria
419:bird cherry-oat aphid
379:Otay Mesa, California
2905:Marine bacteriophage
2867:Marine invertebrates
2127:Spatial organization
2092:Decentralised system
1930:Sea turtle migration
1784:Swarming (honey bee)
1199:10.1200/CCI.18.00069
383:crucifer flea beetle
375:Calexico, California
292:natural disturbances
276:mountain pine beetle
148:Multi-agent planning
2781:Ocean fertilization
2590:Trophic state index
2548:Lake stratification
2278:Aquatic respiration
2102:Group size measures
1664:Biological swarming
1548:10.1093/jnci/djn310
1493:2002RadR..158..220P
1244:2007JThBi.247..186R
1140:2017PLSCB..13E5387O
1111:BehaviorSpace Guide
605:Cell-based modeling
533:annual growth plant
415:population dynamics
234:Emergent properties
31:Multi-agent systems
3047:Intertidal wetland
3042:Intertidal ecology
2910:Marine prokaryotes
2852:Deep-sea community
2746:Iron fertilization
2669:Specific examples
2595:Upland and lowland
2513:Freshwater biology
2378:Microbial food web
2288:Aquatic toxicology
2231:Aquatic adaptation
2184:Aquatic ecosystems
2117:Predator satiation
1978:Swarm (simulation)
1973:Swarm intelligence
1948:Agent-based models
1779:Swarming behaviour
1481:Radiation Research
423:Rhopalosiphum padi
203:Agent-based models
3245:Agent-based model
3232:
3231:
3213:Oceans portal
3182:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3057:Hydrothermal vent
2993:
2992:
2882:Seashore wildlife
2713:Marine ecosystems
2702:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2468:Thermal pollution
2433:Ramsar Convention
2373:Microbial ecology
2333:Fisheries science
2273:Aquatic predation
2150:
2149:
2137:Military swarming
2082:Animal navigation
2001:Collective motion
1988:Collective motion
1855:reverse migration
1789:Swarming motility
1598:10.1002/stem.1533
1542:(19): 1368–1379.
1294:978-3-7643-8101-1
1015:on 6 October 2008
947:on 8 October 2015
776:Intelligent agent
709:dedifferentiation
617:cellular automata
611:Cell-based models
512:non-native plants
226:Modular structure
200:
199:
3252:
3222:
3221:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3201:
3199:Lakes portal
3197:
3196:
3195:
3165:Marine pollution
2857:Deep-water coral
2840:
2839:
2828:
2761:Marine chemistry
2721:
2720:
2708:
2707:
2625:Freshwater marsh
2518:Freshwater biome
2500:
2216:Acoustic ecology
2206:
2205:
2192:
2191:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2154:
2153:
1963:Crowd simulation
1940:Swarm algorithms
1911:Insect migration
1816:Animal migration
1808:Animal migration
1801:
1726:Mobbing behavior
1649:
1642:
1635:
1626:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1600:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1559:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1459:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1384:(9): 2435–2452.
1373:
1367:
1366:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1326:(9): 2416–2434.
1315:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1210:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1161:
1151:
1119:
1113:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1091:
1073:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1034:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1014:
1007:
996:
987:
986:
966:
957:
956:
954:
952:
946:
939:
928:
919:
918:
908:
898:
874:
868:
867:
866:on 27 July 2011.
865:
859:. Archived from
858:
849:
843:
842:
832:
800:
770:Autonomous agent
341:Invasive species
336:Invasive species
284:British Columbia
192:
185:
178:
18:
17:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3205:
3204:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3174:
3135:Coral bleaching
3121:
3102:Seagrass meadow
2999:Marine habitats
2989:
2963:Coral reef fish
2929:
2915:Marine protists
2891:
2829:
2820:
2791:Ocean turbidity
2766:Marine food web
2715:
2694:
2636:
2575:River ecosystem
2528:Freshwater fish
2501:
2492:
2298:Bioluminescence
2283:Aquatic science
2200:
2186:
2181:
2151:
2146:
2065:
2027:
1982:
1934:
1802:
1793:
1658:
1653:
1623:
1622:
1577:
1573:
1528:
1524:
1477:
1473:
1428:
1424:
1409:
1405:
1374:
1370:
1359:
1355:
1316:
1309:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1271:
1267:
1228:
1224:
1179:
1175:
1134:(2): e1005387.
1120:
1116:
1109:
1105:
1064:(3): e1009934.
1050:
1046:
1035:
1028:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1005:
997:
990:
967:
960:
950:
948:
944:
937:
929:
922:
875:
871:
863:
856:
850:
846:
821:10.1002/wsbm.45
801:
790:
785:
766:
692:
633:
613:
607:
496:
427:North Yorkshire
411:
338:
272:
263:
254:
245:
236:
228:
220:
218:Characteristics
196:
167:
124:
67:
12:
11:
5:
3258:
3248:
3247:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3216:
3202:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3131:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3003:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2953:Saltwater fish
2950:
2948:Marine reptile
2945:
2939:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2920:Marine viruses
2917:
2912:
2907:
2901:
2899:
2897:Microorganisms
2893:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2887:Wild fisheries
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2843:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2801:Thorson's rule
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2756:Marine biology
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2727:
2725:
2717:
2716:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2667:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2615:Brackish marsh
2612:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2543:Lake ecosystem
2540:
2535:
2533:Hyporheic zone
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2383:Microbial loop
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2328:Eutrophication
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2308:Cascade effect
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2236:Aquatic animal
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2202:
2201:
2188:
2187:
2180:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2157:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2122:Quorum sensing
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2073:
2071:
2070:Related topics
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2056:Swarm robotics
2053:
2048:
2043:
2037:
2035:
2033:Swarm robotics
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2003:
1998:
1992:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1867:Fish migration
1864:
1862:Cell migration
1859:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1845:Bird migration
1842:
1841:
1840:
1838:coded wire tag
1835:
1834:
1833:
1823:
1812:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1731:feeding frenzy
1723:
1718:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1668:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1652:
1651:
1644:
1637:
1629:
1621:
1620:
1591:(3): 649–661.
1571:
1522:
1487:(2): 220–235.
1471:
1442:(5): 640–651.
1422:
1403:
1368:
1353:
1307:
1293:
1265:
1238:(1): 186–204.
1222:
1173:
1114:
1103:
1044:
1026:
988:
977:(4): 481–496.
958:
920:
869:
844:
815:(2): 159–171.
787:
786:
784:
781:
780:
779:
773:
765:
762:
691:
688:
632:
629:
621:cellular potts
609:Main article:
606:
603:
516:eutrophication
504:Aquatic plants
495:
492:
410:
407:
348:-specific and
337:
334:
297:lodgepole pine
271:
268:
262:
259:
253:
250:
244:
241:
235:
232:
227:
224:
219:
216:
198:
197:
195:
194:
187:
180:
172:
169:
168:
166:
165:
163:Swarm robotics
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
134:
131:
130:
126:
125:
123:
122:
120:Software agent
117:
116:
115:
110:
105:
95:
90:
85:
79:
76:
75:
69:
68:
66:
65:
60:
55:
50:
44:
41:
40:
34:
33:
27:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3257:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3225:
3217:
3214:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3107:Sponge ground
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3072:Marine biomes
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2973:Demersal fish
2971:
2969:
2968:Deep-sea fish
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2943:Marine mammal
2941:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2827:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2705:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2499:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2473:Trophic level
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2438:Sediment trap
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2413:Phytoplankton
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2263:Aquatic plant
2261:
2259:
2256:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2226:Anoxic waters
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2178:
2173:
2171:
2166:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1996:Active matter
1994:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1872:diel vertical
1870:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1709:herd behavior
1707:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1650:
1645:
1643:
1638:
1636:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1575:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1526:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1475:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1426:
1418:
1414:
1407:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1372:
1364:
1357:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1314:
1312:
1296:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1269:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1226:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1177:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1118:
1112:
1107:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1048:
1040:
1033:
1031:
1011:
1004:
1003:
995:
993:
984:
980:
976:
972:
965:
963:
943:
936:
935:
927:
925:
916:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
888:
884:
880:
873:
862:
855:
848:
840:
836:
831:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
799:
797:
795:
793:
788:
777:
774:
771:
768:
767:
761:
758:
754:
749:
747:
743:
737:
735:
730:
726:
722:
716:
714:
710:
706:
702:
697:
687:
685:
681:
677:
672:
666:
664:
659:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
628:
626:
622:
618:
612:
602:
599:
594:
590:
586:
581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
529:
524:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
491:
487:
485:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
459:
455:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
406:
402:
400:
395:
392:
391:heterogeneous
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
358:
355:
351:
347:
342:
333:
331:
327:
323:
318:
315:
310:
305:
300:
298:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
267:
258:
252:Stochasticity
249:
240:
231:
223:
215:
212:
208:
204:
193:
188:
186:
181:
179:
174:
173:
171:
170:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
135:
133:
132:
128:
127:
121:
118:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
100:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
80:
78:
77:
74:
71:
70:
64:
61:
59:
56:
54:
51:
49:
46:
45:
43:
42:
39:
36:
35:
32:
29:
28:
24:
20:
19:
16:
3127:Conservation
2978:Pelagic fish
2958:Coastal fish
2862:Marine fungi
2600:Water garden
2483:Water column
2428:Productivity
2403:Pelagic zone
2363:Macrobenthos
2353:Hydrobiology
2323:Ecohydrology
2077:Allee effect
2051:Nanorobotics
2041:Ant robotics
2018:Vicsek model
1671:
1588:
1584:
1574:
1539:
1535:
1525:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1439:
1435:
1425:
1416:
1412:
1406:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1362:
1356:
1323:
1319:
1298:. Retrieved
1275:
1268:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1190:
1186:
1176:
1131:
1127:
1117:
1106:
1061:
1057:
1047:
1038:
1017:. Retrieved
1010:the original
1001:
974:
970:
949:. Retrieved
942:the original
933:
886:
882:
872:
861:the original
847:
812:
808:
756:
752:
750:
745:
741:
738:
733:
728:
724:
717:
704:
700:
693:
667:
662:
634:
614:
598:Chara aspera
597:
582:
578:Chara aspera
577:
570:Chara aspera
569:
566:Chara aspera
565:
561:
556:
553:Chara aspera
552:
549:Chara aspera
548:
545:Chara aspera
544:
527:
525:
497:
488:
451:
422:
412:
403:
396:
386:
359:
339:
330:White spruce
319:
314:silviculture
301:
279:
273:
264:
255:
246:
237:
229:
221:
201:
52:
15:
3112:Sponge reef
3087:Rocky shore
3082:Oyster reef
3052:Kelp forest
2935:Vertebrates
2835:Marine life
2811:Viral shunt
2776:Marine snow
2678:Maharashtra
2585:Stream pool
2488:Zooplankton
2408:Photic zone
2368:Meiobenthos
2221:Algal bloom
2097:Eusociality
2046:Microbotics
1916:butterflies
1887:sardine run
1821:altitudinal
1743:pack hunter
1436:Cancer Cell
1193:(3): 1–13.
676:open source
589:Lake Veluwe
585:Netherlands
500:macrophytes
326:Douglas fir
243:Abstraction
3092:Salt marsh
3027:Coral reef
2816:Whale fall
2796:Photophore
2673:Everglades
2641:Ecoregions
2580:Stream bed
2553:Macrophyte
2506:Freshwater
2338:Food chain
2251:Water bird
2011:clustering
1904:philopatry
1882:salmon run
1877:Lessepsian
1585:Stem Cells
783:References
696:stem cells
508:ecosystems
463:morphology
456:using the
443:ecosystems
437:region of
371:California
304:management
3117:Tide pool
3022:Cold seep
2806:Upwelling
2570:Rheotaxis
2563:Fish pond
2538:Limnology
2463:Substrate
2448:Siltation
2318:Dead zone
2132:Stigmergy
2112:Mutualism
1772:bait ball
1080:1553-7358
431:Yorkshire
3239:Category
3224:Category
3150:HERMIONE
3067:Mangrove
2877:Seagrass
2423:Pleuston
2418:Plankton
2398:Particle
2343:Food web
2061:Symbrion
2023:BIO-LGCA
1826:tracking
1755:ant mill
1697:sort sol
1692:flocking
1656:Swarming
1615:32979016
1607:24038768
1566:18812549
1517:30505427
1509:12105993
1466:21575864
1398:21906217
1348:19524967
1340:21410622
1260:17416390
1217:30715927
1168:28192427
1098:35286315
915:29354110
889:: 2626.
839:20835989
764:See also
753:in vitro
746:in vitro
742:in vitro
705:in vitro
645:protists
637:biofilms
541:rhizomes
471:apterous
433:and the
363:broccoli
350:importer
83:Auto-GPT
23:a series
21:Part of
3077:Mudflat
3037:Estuary
3007:Bay mud
2985:Seabird
2741:f-ratio
2724:General
2605:Wetland
2393:Neuston
2358:Hypoxia
2303:Biomass
2293:Benthos
2209:General
1921:monarch
1850:flyways
1831:history
1682:Droving
1557:2556702
1489:Bibcode
1457:3110779
1300:4 April
1240:Bibcode
1208:6584763
1159:5330541
1136:Bibcode
1089:8947601
1019:25 July
951:25 July
906:5760514
830:3640333
757:in vivo
734:in vivo
729:in vivo
725:in vivo
701:in vivo
684:POV-Ray
658:plasmid
641:archaea
479:aphid's
439:England
417:of the
399:NetLogo
322:hectare
278:(MPB),
207:biology
129:Related
88:Botnets
3062:Lagoon
2388:Nekton
2246:Mammal
2241:Insect
1894:Homing
1716:Locust
1613:
1605:
1564:
1554:
1515:
1507:
1464:
1454:
1396:
1346:
1338:
1291:
1258:
1215:
1205:
1166:
1156:
1096:
1086:
1078:
913:
903:
837:
827:
653:anoxic
593:Repast
587:named
537:tubers
520:anoxic
475:nymphs
454:Repast
435:Humber
367:Mexico
309:larvae
288:Canada
113:GORITE
2453:Spawn
1958:Boids
1899:natal
1687:Flock
1611:S2CID
1513:S2CID
1344:S2CID
1013:(PDF)
1006:(PDF)
945:(PDF)
938:(PDF)
864:(PDF)
857:(PDF)
467:alate
369:into
365:from
2558:Pond
1738:Pack
1704:Herd
1603:PMID
1562:PMID
1505:PMID
1462:PMID
1394:PMID
1336:PMID
1302:2022
1289:ISBN
1256:PMID
1213:PMID
1164:PMID
1094:PMID
1076:ISSN
1021:2016
953:2016
911:PMID
835:PMID
711:via
703:and
680:Java
643:and
619:and
539:and
458:JAVA
377:and
346:port
328:and
108:JACK
103:JADE
93:FIPA
2620:Fen
2610:Bog
1593:doi
1552:PMC
1544:doi
1540:100
1497:doi
1485:158
1452:PMC
1444:doi
1386:doi
1328:doi
1281:doi
1248:doi
1236:247
1203:PMC
1195:doi
1154:PMC
1144:doi
1084:PMC
1066:doi
979:doi
901:PMC
891:doi
825:PMC
817:doi
514:or
469:or
3241::
1609:.
1601:.
1589:32
1587:.
1583:.
1560:.
1550:.
1538:.
1534:.
1511:.
1503:.
1495:.
1483:.
1460:.
1450:.
1440:19
1438:.
1434:.
1392:.
1382:13
1380:.
1342:.
1334:.
1324:13
1322:.
1310:^
1287:.
1254:.
1246:.
1234:.
1211:.
1201:.
1189:.
1185:.
1162:.
1152:.
1142:.
1132:13
1130:.
1126:.
1092:.
1082:.
1074:.
1062:18
1060:.
1056:.
1029:^
991:^
975:57
973:.
961:^
923:^
909:.
899:.
885:.
881:.
833:.
823:.
811:.
807:.
791:^
502:.
486:.
421:,
286:,
25:on
2176:e
2169:t
2162:v
1648:e
1641:t
1634:v
1617:.
1595::
1568:.
1546::
1519:.
1499::
1491::
1468:.
1446::
1400:.
1388::
1350:.
1330::
1304:.
1283::
1262:.
1250::
1242::
1219:.
1197::
1191:3
1170:.
1146::
1138::
1100:.
1068::
1023:.
985:.
981::
955:.
917:.
893::
887:8
841:.
819::
813:1
755:/
465:(
385:(
191:e
184:t
177:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.