210:
in late-May 2024, would prohibit organizations from making "sexually explicit" material available on the internet for commercial purposes to users under the age of 18, unless an age verification system is implemented, or the content has a legitimate artistic, educational, or scientific purpose. The
258:
While the UK government abandoned this legislation, age verification continues to be monitored and enforced by regulatory bodies including Ofcom and the ICO. Other standards are emerging for age assurance systems, such as PAS1296:2018. The ISO standard for age assurance systems (PWI 7732) is also
185:
released a report by eSafety that indicated that recommended against such a scheme, finding that "at present, each type of age verification or age assurance technology comes with its own privacy, security, effectiveness or implementation issue", and suggesting that an industry code be adopted to
312:
In May 2023, a law passed in Utah requiring that pornography websites verify the ages of their visitors, although it has a clause that bars it from taking effect until five other states also implement similar measures. A few days before the law passed, in order to protest the bill,
99:
information. However, this depends on an assumption that the vast majority of credit card holders are adults, because U.S. credit card companies did not originally issue cards to minors. Additionally, a minor may still attempt to obtain their parent's credit card information, or
344:
office stated they would appeal the ruling. The 5th
Circuit federal court of appeal overturned the injunction pending a full hearing. The Free Speech Coalition petitioned to the Supreme Court to hear the case, which certified the case to be heard during its 2024-2025 term.
907:"Landesrecht BW JMStV | Landesnorm Baden-WĂĽrttemberg | Gesamtausgabe | Gesetz zum Staatsvertrag ĂĽber den Schutz der MenschenwĂĽrde und den Jugendschutz in Rundfunk und Telemedien (Jugendmedienschutz-Staatsvertrag - JMStV) vom 4. Februar 2003 | gĂĽltig ab: 08.02.2003"
250:
passed a law containing a legal mandate on the provision of age verification. Under the act, websites that publish pornography on a commercial basis would have been required to implement a "robust" age verification system. The
168:, a child would not know the answer to (such as, for example, "All politicians are: a. hard-working, b. honest, c. on the public payroll"), in order to launch the game (although this can be bypassed with a keyboard shortcut).
293:
for accessing adult websites. Usage of LA Wallet, the state's digital ID and mobile drivers license app, subsequently spiked, as LA Wallet allows for remote identification via MindGeek, the owner of many major porn sites.
274:(COPPA) took effect at the federal level, resulting in some websites adding age verification for visitors under the age of 13, and some websites disallowing accounts for users under the age of 13. Companies such as
215:
and online video services, and allow for blocking of entire websites to users in Canada if they do not comply with orders issued under the bill—even if the rest of the content is otherwise non-pornographic.
87:
that assumes the validity of the end user (which can be a minor who fraudulently inserts a valid date that meets the age criteria, rather than their own), and has thus been described as ineffective.
126:, a major operator of porn websites, operates an age verification provider known as AgeID. First introduced in Germany in 2015, it uses third-party providers to authenticate the user's age, and a
115:
pleaded guilty to charges of credit card fraud; one of his schemes had involved using credit card-based age verification systems to charge users for "free" tours of adult entertainment websites.
211:
bill has been criticized for privacy implications, not specifically specifying a required form of age verification, and freedom of expression concerns surrounding its scope—which can include
150:
Zero-Knowledge proofs verify a person's age without disclosing their identity, either to the receiver, such as a business, or the verifying entity, like a government that issues a passport.
838:
776:
305:
platforms to be over the age of 18 or have parental consent, with these bills prescribing that age verification be used to enforce this requirement. One such bill is the
290:
906:
1115:
886:
862:
267:
Some websites of alcoholic beverage companies attempt to verify the age of visitors so that they can confirm they are at least the
American legal drinking age of 21.
340:, and barred the state attorney general's office from enforcing the law on the grounds that it violates the right to free speech and is overly broad and vague. The
1454:
417:
1375:
224:
In
Germany age verification systems are mandated by the "Jugendmedienschutz-Staatsvertrag" which was introduced in September 2002. The institution in charge
445:
809:
336:
invalidated a Texas law passed in June mandating age verification and health warnings before accessing pornographic websites following a lawsuit from the
255:(BBFC) was charged with enforcing this legislation. After a series of setbacks and public backlash, the planned scheme was eventually abandoned in 2019.
1079:
956:
930:
322:
27:, is any technical system that externally verifies a person's age. These systems are used primarily to restrict access to content classified, either
1239:
676:
66:, a law in France, laws in eight U.S. states including Texas and Utah, and proposals at the federal level in the US, Canada, Denmark, and the EU.
1349:
1047:
181:
Australia intended to implement requirements for age verification under the Online Safety Act 2021. In August 2023, minister of communications
624:
1321:
237:
259:
being developed by the Age Check
Certificate Scheme, the Age Verification Providers’ Association, and other Conformity Assessment Bodies.
271:
1212:
839:"Filibuster of Bill S-210 Confirmed: Conservative MPs Put Privacy and Free Speech Online At Risk Over Release of Report - Michael Geist"
1401:
385:
309:, which is scheduled to take effect in 2024, and attempts to prevent minors from using social media from 10:30 PM to 6:30 AM.
721:
225:
1104:
252:
651:
1267:
1080:"Statement: 'Specially restricted material' and Age Verification Guidance for Providers of On-Demand Programme Services"
1517:
746:
477:
1426:
1184:
306:
1527:
1293:
777:"Australia will not force adult websites to bring in age verification due to privacy and security concerns"
571:
1512:
492:
1522:
597:
212:
207:
139:
1350:"A federal judge strikes down a Texas law requiring age verification to view pornographic websites"
283:
243:
228:
considers only systems equivalent to face-to-face verification as sufficient for age verification.
28:
887:"The Most Dangerous Canadian Internet Bill You've Never Heard Of Is a Step Closer to Becoming Law"
863:"The Most Dangerous Canadian Internet Bill You've Never Heard Of Is a Step Closer to Becoming Law"
1322:"Utah law requiring age verification for porn sites remains in effect after judge tosses lawsuit"
519:
431:
701:
989:
341:
298:
63:
1298:
1163:
337:
318:
1139:
463:
329:
on August 1, 2023; however, the Free Speech
Coalition stated they would appeal this ruling.
108:
to an individual to use for their own purposes, defeating the stated purpose of the system.
747:"How to Catch a Humbert – Could a "yoof" questionnaire help identify internet paedophiles?"
48:
8:
105:
32:
546:
418:"France Senate passes legislation requiring age verification for minors on social media"
130:
model that allows the verified identity to be shared across any participating website.
1532:
1376:"A Texas law requiring age verification on porn sites is unconstitutional, judge rules"
727:
160:
127:
112:
810:"Could a Senate bill cause age verification laws to apply to Netflix? Experts say yes"
1462:
1055:
997:
964:
784:
731:
717:
446:"Porn sites would have to verify users are over 18 under federal online safety plans"
393:
101:
1326:
709:
366:
203:
182:
1455:"Porn sites in UK will have to check ages in planned update to online safety bill"
164:
presented players with trivia questions that, in the opinion of franchise creator
333:
187:
31:
or by local laws, as being inappropriate for users under a specific age, such as
713:
1022:
700:
Kesim, Ă–zgĂĽr; Grothoff, Christian; Dold, Florian; Schanzenbach, Martin (2022).
247:
62:
Age verification substantially increased in 2023-2024, with the passage of the
55:
laws that regulate the collection of personal information from minors, such as
52:
1506:
1466:
1059:
1001:
968:
882:
858:
788:
397:
80:
1185:"Age Verification Solutions in alcohol industry - Verifying your customers"
1105:"Information Commissioner's opinion: Age Assurance for the Children's Code"
754:
302:
84:
79:
The most basic form of age verification is to asks a person to input their
1427:"Supreme Court agrees to review Texas age verification law for porn sites"
1294:"Judge dismisses lawsuit challenging Utah porn site age-verification law"
478:"Online age verification is coming, and privacy is on the chopping block"
326:
321:
filed a lawsuit against the state of Utah, claiming the law violated the
96:
708:. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 13554. pp. 110–129.
199:
44:
1486:
1240:"Utah governor signs parental consent laws for minor social media use"
95:
More sophisticated age verification systems require people to provide
677:"Government now identifying Australians with biometric face-matching"
279:
357:
which was founded in 2018 and had grown to have 27 members by 2023.
1431:
1402:"U.S. circuit court upholds Texas pornography age verification law"
123:
40:
957:"Online pornography age checks to be mandatory in UK from 15 July"
317:
blocked their website from being viewed in Utah. The trade group
314:
275:
165:
36:
354:
1048:"UK drops plans for online pornography age verification system"
652:"Pornhub's owner reveals its age verification tool for the UK"
1268:"Utah law requiring porn sites verify user ages takes effect"
699:
625:"Pornhub owner may become the UK's gatekeeper of online porn"
297:
In 2023, several states, including
Arkansas and Utah, passed
56:
291:
Louisiana became the first state to require age verification
820:
464:"Denmark to curb children's data collection by tech giants"
1213:"Arkansas House wants you to show ID to use social media"
990:"Why the UK's porn block is one of the worst ideas ever"
325:. The lawsuit was dismissed by US District Court Judge
493:"Trailers Jump on the Age-Restricted Red-Band Wagon"
386:"Letting Your Kids Play in the Social Media Sandbox"
332:In contrast, on August 31, 2023, US District Judge
1039:
138:The Australian government has proposed the use of
1504:
981:
572:"Witness: Credit cards not age verifying tools"
948:
702:"Zero-Knowledge Age Restriction for GNU Taler"
1452:
738:
238:Proposed UK Internet age verification system
1367:
1341:
1140:"PAS 1296 - Age Check Certification Scheme"
598:"US gang admits $ 650m internet porn fraud"
118:
90:
1285:
206:in 2023 and began committee review in the
1313:
987:
1453:Milmo, Dan; Waterson, Jim (2022-02-08).
1399:
1045:
1020:
432:"Age Verification Bills – Action Center"
272:Children's Online Privacy Protection Act
158:The adult-oriented video game franchise
142:against official identification photos.
1164:"Standards for Age Verification | AVPA"
490:
145:
83:on a form. However, this depends on an
1505:
1373:
1347:
1210:
807:
774:
355:Age Verification Providers Association
16:Measure used to restrict access by age
1424:
1291:
1262:
1260:
1234:
1232:
1206:
1204:
1023:"Porn check critics fear data breach"
881:
857:
836:
832:
830:
646:
644:
619:
617:
595:
1319:
1182:
954:
514:
512:
348:
286:(FTC) for not complying with COPPA.
253:British Board of Film Classification
875:
851:
282:have received large fines from the
133:
13:
1374:Bowman, Emma (September 1, 2023).
1257:
1229:
1201:
931:"Altersverifikationssysteme - KJM"
827:
801:
674:
641:
614:
547:"Oz Proposes Tough New Filter Law"
520:"Why Online Age Checks Don't Work"
51:, or to remain in compliance with
14:
1544:
1348:Miller, Ken (September 1, 2023).
988:Manthorpe, Rowland (2019-03-06).
744:
509:
353:The sector is represented by the
231:
171:
808:Taylor, Stephanie (2024-05-28).
706:Computer Security – ESORICS 2022
307:Utah Social Media Regulation Act
262:
1479:
1446:
1425:Quinn, Melissa (July 2, 2024).
1418:
1400:Thompson, Kelsey (2023-11-19).
1393:
1176:
1156:
1132:
1121:from the original on 2021-10-14
1097:
1072:
1014:
923:
899:
768:
693:
668:
589:
564:
1292:Tavss, Jeff (August 1, 2023).
1211:Millar, Lindsey (2023-04-05).
539:
484:
470:
456:
438:
424:
410:
378:
1:
837:Geist, Michael (2024-05-24).
491:Debruge, Peter (2013-05-02).
372:
74:
1320:Metz, Sam (August 2, 2023).
1046:Waterson, Jim (2019-10-16).
1021:Kleinman, Zoe (2018-03-06).
176:
153:
47:with objectionable content,
7:
775:Taylor, Josh (2023-08-30).
714:10.1007/978-3-031-17140-6_6
360:
104:users into divulging their
10:
1549:
235:
219:
188:content filtering software
69:
1518:Censorship of pornography
955:Hern, Alex (2019-04-17).
596:Milmo, Dan (2005-02-16).
301:bills requiring users of
198:The proposed legislation
193:
1183:Raol, Jay (2021-10-01).
342:Texas Attorney General's
284:Federal Trade Commission
244:Digital Economy Act 2017
242:With the passing of the
119:Federated identification
91:Credit card verification
535:(subscription required)
21:age verification system
299:social media addiction
64:U.K. Online Safety Act
59:in the United States.
1299:The Salt Lake Tribune
911:www.landesrecht-bw.de
338:Free Speech Coalition
319:Free Speech Coalition
146:Zero-Knowledge Proof
1528:Internet censorship
186:promote the use of
23:, also known as an
1513:Identity documents
450:The Globe and Mail
390:The New York Times
202:—which passed the
161:Leisure Suit Larry
140:facial recognition
113:Salvatore LoCascio
106:credit card number
1144:www.accscheme.com
935:www.kjm-online.de
723:978-3-031-17139-0
349:Trade association
213:social networking
1540:
1523:Age verification
1498:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1487:"Members - AVPA"
1483:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1450:
1444:
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1441:
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1422:
1416:
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1199:
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1008:
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978:
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945:
943:
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927:
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920:
918:
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903:
897:
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893:
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873:
872:
870:
869:
855:
849:
848:
846:
845:
834:
825:
824:
818:
817:
812:. Canadian Press
805:
799:
798:
796:
795:
772:
766:
765:
763:
762:
753:. Archived from
751:NewStatesman.com
742:
736:
735:
697:
691:
690:
688:
687:
675:Reilly, Claire.
672:
666:
665:
663:
662:
648:
639:
638:
636:
635:
621:
612:
611:
609:
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593:
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568:
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543:
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454:
453:
442:
436:
435:
428:
422:
421:
414:
408:
407:
405:
404:
382:
367:Real-name system
208:House of Commons
183:Michelle Rowland
134:Face recognition
1548:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1492:
1490:
1485:
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1471:
1469:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1435:
1423:
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1410:
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1398:
1394:
1384:
1382:
1372:
1368:
1358:
1356:
1346:
1342:
1332:
1330:
1318:
1314:
1304:
1302:
1290:
1286:
1277:
1275:
1266:
1265:
1258:
1249:
1247:
1246:. 23 March 2023
1238:
1237:
1230:
1221:
1219:
1209:
1202:
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1181:
1177:
1168:
1166:
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1148:
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1133:
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1118:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1089:
1087:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1064:
1062:
1044:
1040:
1031:
1029:
1019:
1015:
1006:
1004:
986:
982:
973:
971:
953:
949:
940:
938:
929:
928:
924:
915:
913:
905:
904:
900:
891:
889:
880:
876:
867:
865:
856:
852:
843:
841:
835:
828:
815:
813:
806:
802:
793:
791:
773:
769:
760:
758:
757:on June 6, 2011
745:Hogge, Beckey.
743:
739:
724:
698:
694:
685:
683:
673:
669:
660:
658:
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649:
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569:
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518:
517:
510:
501:
499:
489:
485:
476:
475:
471:
466:. 13 June 2023.
462:
461:
457:
452:. 3 April 2023.
444:
443:
439:
430:
429:
425:
420:. 30 June 2023.
416:
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411:
402:
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384:
383:
379:
375:
363:
351:
323:First Amendment
265:
240:
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222:
196:
179:
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148:
136:
121:
93:
77:
72:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1546:
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1500:
1499:
1478:
1445:
1417:
1392:
1366:
1340:
1312:
1284:
1256:
1228:
1217:Arkansas Times
1200:
1175:
1155:
1131:
1114:. 2021-10-14.
1096:
1071:
1038:
1013:
980:
947:
922:
898:
885:(2023-12-14).
883:Geist, Michael
874:
861:(2023-12-14).
859:Geist, Michael
850:
826:
800:
767:
737:
722:
692:
667:
640:
613:
588:
563:
538:
508:
483:
480:. 15 May 2023.
469:
455:
437:
423:
409:
392:. 2015-02-18.
376:
374:
371:
370:
369:
362:
359:
350:
347:
264:
261:
248:United Kingdom
236:Main article:
233:
232:United Kingdom
230:
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195:
192:
178:
175:
173:
172:Legal mandates
170:
155:
152:
147:
144:
135:
132:
128:single sign-on
120:
117:
92:
89:
76:
73:
71:
68:
53:online privacy
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1545:
1534:
1531:
1529:
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1524:
1521:
1519:
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1482:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1449:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1421:
1407:
1403:
1396:
1385:September 16,
1381:
1377:
1370:
1359:September 16,
1355:
1351:
1344:
1329:
1328:
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1300:
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1179:
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1081:
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1057:
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1049:
1042:
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1024:
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984:
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936:
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888:
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864:
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833:
831:
822:
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790:
786:
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748:
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324:
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295:
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277:
273:
270:In 2000, the
268:
263:United States
260:
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81:date of birth
67:
65:
60:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
1491:. Retrieved
1489:. 2022-10-14
1481:
1470:. Retrieved
1459:The Guardian
1458:
1448:
1436:. Retrieved
1430:
1420:
1409:. Retrieved
1405:
1395:
1383:. Retrieved
1379:
1369:
1357:. Retrieved
1353:
1343:
1331:. Retrieved
1325:
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