402:
798:
129:
818:
778:
838:
858:
324:
758:
878:
2547:
2553:
52:
117:
1902:
73:
535:
491:
1859:
459:
ethnicity lived in Afrin Canton at the time. After the
Turkish-led forces had captured Afrin in early 2018, they began to implement a resettlement policy by moving their mostly Arab fighters and refugees from southern Syria into the empty homes that belonged to displaced locals. The previous owners,
507:
increasingly made the entire production chains locate in Afrin
District. At the height of the fighting for Aleppo, up to 50 percent of the city's industrial production was moved to the Afrin District. As of early 2016, two million pairs of jeans were produced per month and exported across Syria. In
525:
Afrin
District also served as a center for domestic tourism due to its beautiful landscapes. The tourism was however somewhat constricted due to the YPG's tight control of the borders, and the war; local tourism mostly collapsed during the Turkish invasion of 2018.
503:, a hard soap made from olive oil and lye, distinguished by the inclusion of laurel oil. While the Afrin District has been the source of olive oil for Aleppo soap since antiquity, the destruction caused by the Syrian Civil War to other parts of
498:
A diverse agricultural industry is at the heart of the Afrin
District's economy, traditionally olives in particular, and more recently there has been a focus on increasing wheat production. A well-known product from the area is
1636:
1606:
444:
1572:
1771:
1739:
1125:
950:
797:
1628:
4202:
3955:
1416:
4614:
4439:
4424:
4414:
1598:
4499:
3920:
3333:
2028:
1269:"Afrin; Three years of Turkish occupation: Daily violations…theft of antiquities…money-laundering and demographic change…while the international community turns a blind eye"
804:
701:
425:, to the degree that the district had been described as "homogeneously Kurdish". The overall population of Afrin Canton, based on the 2004 Syrian census, was about 200,000.
1078:
3478:
1289:"Died under torture in the faction's prison. Faction close to Turkish Intelligence buries an elderly man from Afrin, after refusing to hand over the body to his family"
4404:
3565:
3885:
1562:
817:
777:
4494:
3233:
2018:
1688:
4394:
3443:
3263:
837:
824:
784:
725:
629:
4399:
4359:
3970:
3308:
2013:
844:
677:
857:
3655:
3615:
3555:
3545:
3208:
3183:
2288:
2188:
864:
605:
366:
fled from Afrin City before its capture by the SNA in March 2018, and the YPG vowed to retake it. The YPG subsequently announced its intention to start a
4594:
4479:
3975:
3043:
2408:
2363:
2053:
757:
4554:
4529:
3580:
3283:
2478:
2453:
2183:
2123:
2113:
2108:
2098:
1978:
884:
653:
877:
4389:
2343:
2253:
2203:
2138:
309:
1155:
4409:
2518:
2458:
2178:
1658:
1239:
1210:
4509:
4384:
4299:
3590:
3468:
3453:
3398:
3153:
3108:
2718:
2508:
2278:
2273:
2193:
2118:
2063:
1968:
1445:
4579:
4349:
3203:
2503:
2483:
2433:
2428:
2348:
2268:
2223:
2153:
2133:
1993:
1973:
1963:
1958:
1781:
1743:
1336:
4429:
4354:
3940:
3574:
3463:
3433:
3198:
2498:
2493:
2423:
2328:
2143:
1470:
1133:
917:
4609:
4584:
3448:
3223:
2398:
2243:
2238:
2163:
2158:
2038:
1890:
1424:
482:
that they were part of "an organised demographic change" which was said to replace the
Kurdish population of Afrin with an Arab majority.
4419:
3438:
3393:
3148:
3133:
3118:
2318:
2313:
2303:
2168:
2093:
2068:
1502:
971:
4304:
4268:
3935:
3403:
2743:
2473:
2468:
2323:
2258:
2128:
1983:
4569:
3600:
3595:
3458:
2908:
2488:
2463:
2388:
2383:
2333:
2308:
2228:
2173:
2043:
1998:
1363:
4648:
4544:
3218:
2443:
2438:
2233:
2148:
2048:
2033:
1988:
1868:
2353:
2103:
1529:
1051:
1082:
443:, the Afrin District served as a safe haven for inbound refugees of all ethnicities. According to a June 2016 estimate from the
2963:
1390:
946:
1309:"Violations in Afrin | Turkish-backed factions seize nearly 60 olive fields belonging to displaced people in Sharran district"
51:
1182:
1104:"Turkish forces shell Afrin countryside, killing and injuring about 16 most of them from the self-defense forces and Asayish"
511:
In 2015 there were 32 tons of Aleppo soap produced and exported to other parts of Syria, but also to international markets.
1713:
924:
312:, which was formally declared on 29 January 2014. Until 2018, violence in Afrin was minor, involving artillery shelling by
109:
421:
in the Afrin
District. Prior to the Syrian Civil War, the population of the Afrin District area was overwhelmingly ethnic
1313:
1293:
1273:
1629:"Syria's war of ethnic cleansing: Kurds threatened with beheading by Turkey's allies if they don't convert to extremism"
993:
3038:
1829:
1006:
371:
3048:
1883:
3003:
1863:
339:
401:
282:
tradition. In modern post-independence Syria, the
Kurdish society of the district was subject to heavy-handed
2546:
4107:
3103:
1337:"'An insult to women' everywhere: Afrin kidnappings prompt calls for investigation of Turkey-backed rebels"
305:
247:
1802:
1599:"Seizing lands from Afrin's displaced Kurds, Turkish-backed militias offer houses to East Ghouta families"
3640:
1876:
1666:
2972:
508:
January 2017, 400 textile industry workshops counted 17,000 employees, supplying the whole of Syria.
133:
2552:
3413:
1943:
1898:
65:
1477:
928:
405:
Map of location of settlement of refugees displaced from Afrin due to the
Turkish invasion in 2018
4643:
4057:
3528:
2848:
2823:
1563:"Yazidis who suffered under Isis face forced conversion to Islam amid fresh persecution in Afrin"
4334:
4279:
4187:
4172:
259:
205:
4192:
4127:
4010:
2078:
1931:
304:, Damascus government forces pulled back from the district in spring 2012 to give way to the
235:
97:
85:
4369:
4259:
4147:
4142:
3516:
2873:
2693:
1056:
428:
Cities and towns with more than 10.000 inhabitants according to the 2004 Syrian census are
355:
331:
267:
8:
4117:
3964:
3873:
351:
327:
4467:
4237:
4197:
4182:
4152:
3998:
3805:
3690:
3378:
2628:
1906:
1368:
1215:
746:
504:
227:
223:
90:
37:
1391:"Rights Groups Concerned About Continued Abuses in Afrin | Voice of America - English"
4294:
4097:
4077:
3830:
3725:
3585:
3088:
2653:
1662:
1002:
764:
581:
367:
219:
128:
4162:
3900:
3715:
3605:
2923:
2898:
2788:
2783:
2578:
2372:
1558:
1395:
1126:"Turkey strikes Kurdish city of Afrin northern Syria, civilian casualties reported"
520:
473:
440:
382:
363:
301:
1689:"Agriculture Commission is Looking at the Process of Receiving Wheat from Farmers"
4434:
4225:
3929:
3755:
3678:
3649:
3630:
3366:
3342:
3163:
2678:
2393:
1567:
1187:
808:
712:
478:
414:
359:
323:
313:
295:
196:
4319:
4082:
4062:
4042:
4032:
4027:
3850:
3493:
3013:
456:
422:
4637:
4314:
4167:
4072:
3814:
3780:
3487:
3192:
3138:
2808:
2778:
2593:
2566:
2263:
2087:
2058:
2023:
1029:
868:
616:
1156:"'Nothing is ours anymore': Kurds forced out of Afrin after Turkish assault"
1012:
4574:
4518:
4067:
3945:
3910:
3785:
3740:
3734:
3422:
3298:
3158:
3113:
3097:
3008:
2943:
2733:
2608:
2338:
1507:
1160:
768:
592:
429:
410:
375:
343:
335:
255:
251:
239:
186:
102:
4102:
4037:
3292:
3028:
3018:
2993:
2858:
2832:
2793:
2603:
2248:
2003:
888:
664:
500:
379:
283:
4343:
4324:
4288:
4157:
4112:
4092:
3894:
3845:
3790:
3710:
3705:
3428:
3253:
2983:
2913:
2863:
2843:
2798:
2773:
2758:
2623:
2297:
2008:
1834:
1776:
1533:
1341:
464:, were often prevented from returning to Afrin. Refugees from Eastern
4603:
4488:
4309:
4136:
4020:
3905:
3770:
3033:
3023:
2998:
2978:
2953:
2853:
2723:
2713:
2658:
2613:
2448:
2417:
1308:
1288:
1268:
1103:
1079:"Nusra militants shell Kurdish areas in Syria's Afrin, Kurds respond"
433:
390:
3538:
3248:
1830:"Day trippers flock to Afrin's orchards as Aleppo restores security"
4563:
4538:
4378:
4087:
4047:
3765:
3760:
3745:
3550:
3272:
3242:
3213:
3053:
2988:
2938:
2882:
2813:
2803:
2702:
2663:
2633:
1129:
828:
788:
736:
640:
469:
418:
212:
4052:
3795:
3317:
3128:
2763:
2748:
2673:
2668:
2643:
2618:
2378:
2212:
848:
688:
534:
490:
461:
386:
174:
146:
972:"Turkey takes full control of Syria's Afrin region, reports say"
242:. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 172,095.
4444:
4247:
4177:
3820:
3775:
3750:
3699:
3624:
3387:
3168:
3123:
2948:
2903:
2893:
2768:
2753:
2738:
2728:
2683:
2648:
2638:
2527:
2218:
1952:
1918:
1858:
1183:"Kurds locked out of Afrin as Ghouta refugees take their place"
546:
538:
465:
448:
317:
279:
278:
The area around Afrin developed as the center of a distinctive
263:
122:
3839:
3323:
3173:
2888:
2838:
2708:
2598:
1901:
1364:"Kurdish woman reportedly murdered in Turkish-occupied Afrin"
1247:
1240:"Yezidi shrines desecrated by Turkish-backed groups in Afrin"
409:
In the 1930s, Kurdish Alevis who fled the persecution of the
393:
and killings since the start of
Turkish occupation in Afrin.
243:
231:
78:
1503:"Syria's new exiles: Kurds flee Afrin after Turkish assault"
545:
The district of Afrin is divided into seven subdistricts or
3143:
2932:
2587:
452:
1596:
1211:"Syrian civilians flee embattled Eastern Ghouta and Afrin"
1001:(1. publ. ed.). London: Routledge. pp. 100–101.
1446:"Rojava's Sustainability and the YPG's Regional Strategy"
210:
1049:
1772:"Will Syria's Kurds succeed at self-sufficiency?"
1740:"Will Syria's Kurds succeed at self-sufficiency?"
310:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
4635:
1827:
991:
246:'s Afrin District fell under the control of the
1714:"Famous Aleppo soap victim of Syria's conflict"
918:"General Census of Population and Housing 2004"
445:International Middle East Peace Research Center
308:(YPG) and autonomous self-government under the
1765:
1763:
1761:
1659:"Afrin is building its economy on agriculture"
1045:
1043:
447:, about 316,000 displaced Syrians of Kurdish,
1884:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1030:"SYRIA: The Silenced Kurds; Vol. 8, No. 4(E)"
912:
910:
908:
26:
1758:
1597:Ammar Hamou; Barrett Limoges (1 May 2018).
1040:
995:Syria's kurds history, politics and society
1891:
1877:
1546:
1208:
1081:. ARA News. 30 August 2015. Archived from
1052:"Afrin and the Race for the Azaz Corridor"
1930:
1803:"Rojava: The Economic Branches in Detail"
1361:
905:
161:1,840.85 km (710.76 sq mi)
3515:
1742:. Al-Monitor. 3 May 2016. Archived from
1592:
1590:
1557:
1527:
1334:
533:
489:
400:
322:
254:" was declared in 2014, followed by an "
3872:
1769:
1050:Thomas Schmidinger (24 February 2016).
4636:
4466:
3997:
1500:
1153:
262:, the entire district was captured by
4465:
4223:
3996:
3871:
3676:
3514:
3364:
3074:
2564:
1929:
1872:
1770:Darwish, Sardar Mullah (3 May 2016).
1587:
1388:
1180:
1123:
286:policies by the Damascus government.
1237:
4224:
3677:
3365:
1335:Hagedorn, Elizabeth (2 June 2020).
1314:Syrian Observatory For Human Rights
1294:Syrian Observatory For Human Rights
1274:Syrian Observatory For Human Rights
289:
200:
27:
13:
3075:
1609:from the original on 13 April 2019
1389:Kajjo, Sirwan (15 November 2019).
1124:Sheko, Zozhan (19 February 2016).
992:Tejel, Jordi; Welle, Jane (2009).
14:
4660:
2565:
1852:
1828:Khaled al-Khateb (26 July 2018).
1575:from the original on 13 June 2019
372:SDF insurgency in Northern Aleppo
2551:
2545:
1900:
1857:
1639:from the original on 5 June 2019
1530:"Will Afrin be the next Kobani?"
876:
856:
836:
816:
796:
776:
756:
127:
115:
71:
50:
4649:Districts of Aleppo Governorate
3956:Rasm Harmil al-Imam Subdistrict
1821:
1795:
1732:
1706:
1681:
1665:. 8 August 2016. Archived from
1651:
1621:
1528:Tastekin, Fehim (9 June 2016).
1521:
1494:
1463:
1438:
1409:
1382:
1362:Frantzman, Seth (8 June 2020).
1355:
1328:
1301:
1281:
1261:
1238:Omar, Hussein (28 April 2020).
1231:
1202:
1174:
553:Subdistricts of Afrin District
529:
396:
1471:"Census Bureau: Archived copy"
1147:
1117:
1096:
1071:
1022:
985:
964:
747:Subdistricts of Afrin District
358:(SNA) as a result of the 2018
1:
1501:Chulov, Martin (2018-03-18).
1154:Chulov, Martin (2018-06-07).
899:
883:The administrative center of
863:The administrative center of
843:The administrative center of
823:The administrative center of
803:The administrative center of
783:The administrative center of
763:The administrative center of
439:Throughout the course of the
1209:Al Jazeera (16 March 2018).
925:Central Bureau of Statistics
334:fighters at the building in
7:
3921:Kuweires Sharqi Subdistrict
3641:Shuyukh Tahtani Subdistrict
3334:Shaykh al-Hadid Subdistrict
2029:al-Muslimiyah al-Shamaliyah
1181:Hamou, Ammar (3 May 2018).
944:Also available in English:
887:shown above is the city of
867:shown above is the city of
847:shown above is the city of
827:shown above is the city of
807:shown above is the city of
805:Shaykh al-Hadid Subdistrict
787:shown above is the city of
767:shown above is the city of
732:
729:
708:
705:
702:Shaykh al-Hadid Subdistrict
684:
681:
660:
657:
636:
633:
612:
609:
588:
585:
211:
56:Location of Afrin District
10:
4665:
2543:
2079:Tell ad-Daman Subdistrict
1257:– via GenocideWatch.
1219:. Al Jazeera Media Network
518:
514:
485:
350:Afrin was captured by the
293:
273:
250:(YPG) around 2012 and an "
184:
4593:
4553:
4528:
4508:
4478:
4474:
4461:
4368:
4333:
4278:
4258:
4236:
4232:
4219:
4126:
4009:
4005:
3992:
3954:
3919:
3884:
3880:
3867:
3829:
3804:
3724:
3689:
3685:
3672:
3639:
3614:
3564:
3527:
3523:
3510:
3479:Urum al-Kubra Subdistrict
3477:
3412:
3377:
3373:
3360:
3332:
3307:
3282:
3262:
3232:
3182:
3087:
3083:
3070:
2962:
2922:
2872:
2822:
2692:
2577:
2573:
2560:
2517:
2407:
2362:
2287:
2202:
2077:
1942:
1938:
1925:
1913:
549:(population as of 2004):
370:in Afrin, leading to the
306:People's Protection Units
248:People's Protection Units
173:
165:
157:
152:
139:
134:Syrian Interim Government
108:
96:
84:
64:
58:within Aleppo Governorate
49:
44:
35:
21:
16:District in Aleppo, Syria
3414:Ibbin Samaan Subdistrict
1944:Mount Simeon Subdistrict
185:Not to be confused with
25:
3566:al-Jalbiyah Subdistrict
3529:Ayn al-Arab Subdistrict
2824:Tell Rifaat Subdistrict
1807:cooperativeeconomy.info
362:. Tens of thousands of
4335:Al-Khafsah Subdistrict
4280:Abu Qilqil Subdistrict
3886:Dayr Hafir Subdistrict
2289:Darat Izza Subdistrict
542:
495:
460:most of them Kurds or
406:
374:. The region has seen
347:
260:Operation Olive Branch
222:: Herêma Efrînê) is a
4595:Tell Aran Subdistrict
4495:Abu Jurayn al-Safirah
4480:As-Safira Subdistrict
4405:Ras al-Ayn al-Bumane'
4128:Ghandoura Subdistrict
4011:Jarabulus Subdistrict
3234:Jandairis Subdistrict
2409:al-Zirbah Subdistrict
2364:al-Hadher Subdistrict
2019:Maratat al-Muslimiyah
1932:Mount Simeon District
1866:at Wikimedia Commons
1244:www.genocidewatch.com
537:
519:Further information:
493:
404:
326:
300:In the course of the
236:administrative centre
4555:Khanasir Subdistrict
4530:al-Hajib Subdistrict
4395:al-Nasiriyah Fawqani
4370:Maskanah Subdistrict
4260:Abu Kahf Subdistrict
3517:Ayn al-Arab District
3444:Kafr Nasih al-Atarib
3264:Maabatli Subdistrict
2694:Akhtarin Subdistrict
1450:Washington Institute
1057:The New Humanitarian
923:(in Arabic). Syrian
825:Maabatli Subdistrict
785:Jindires Subdistrict
726:Maabatli Subdistrict
630:Jindires Subdistrict
356:Syrian National Army
338:that had hosted the
4400:Qashlat Yusef Basha
4360:al-Mahsanah Khafsah
3965:Rasm Harmil al-Imam
3874:Dayr Hafir District
3309:Sharran Subdistrict
2204:Haritan Subdistrict
2014:Maghayer Khan Tuman
1106:. SOHR. 9 July 2016
845:Sharran Subdistrict
678:Sharran Subdistrict
554:
352:Turkish Land Forces
342:-led government of
4468:As-Safira District
4238:Manbij Subdistrict
4198:Qubbat at-Turkuman
3999:Jarabulus District
3806:Al-Rai Subdistrict
3691:Al-Bab Subdistrict
3656:Tell Abyad Tahtani
3616:Sarrin Subdistrict
3556:Jaadat al-Samaawat
3379:Atarib Subdistrict
3184:Bulbul Subdistrict
2964:Sawran Subdistrict
2519:Zammar Subdistrict
2189:Tabara al-Khusheir
1907:Aleppo Governorate
1369:The Jerusalem Post
1085:on August 30, 2015
1034:Human Rights Watch
947:"2004 Census Data"
934:on 8 December 2015
865:Bulbul Subdistrict
606:Bulbul Subdistrict
552:
543:
505:Aleppo governorate
496:
407:
378:abuses, including
348:
258:" in 2017. During
228:Aleppo Governorate
158: • Total
4631:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4510:Banan Subdistrict
4457:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4295:Arab Hassan Kabir
4215:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4108:Umm Rutha Tahtani
4078:Jarabulus Tahtani
3988:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3863:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3831:Tadef Subdistrict
3726:Arima Subdistrict
3668:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3506:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3356:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3089:Afrin Subdistrict
3066:
3065:
3062:
3061:
2899:Ma'arat Umm Hawsh
2874:Mare' Subdistrict
2541:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2054:Tell Shair Samaan
1862:Media related to
1809:. 14 January 2017
1663:Hawar News Agency
1635:. 12 March 2018.
1561:(18 April 2018).
1559:Cockburn, Patrick
765:Afrin Subdistrict
742:
741:
582:Afrin Subdistrict
541:of Afrin District
209:
183:
182:
4656:
4476:
4475:
4463:
4462:
4234:
4233:
4221:
4220:
4007:
4006:
3994:
3993:
3901:Humaymah Kabirah
3882:
3881:
3869:
3868:
3687:
3686:
3674:
3673:
3606:Ras al-Ayn Qibli
3581:Jubb Faraj Kabir
3525:
3524:
3512:
3511:
3375:
3374:
3362:
3361:
3284:Rajo Subdistrict
3085:
3084:
3072:
3071:
2924:Nubl Subdistrict
2579:Azaz Subdistrict
2575:
2574:
2562:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2479:Othmaniya Kabira
2184:Rasm al-Mofakker
2124:Ballas al-Jadida
2114:Atshana Gharbiya
2109:Atshana Sharqiya
1979:Duwayr al-Zaytun
1940:
1939:
1927:
1926:
1905:
1904:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1870:
1869:
1861:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1780:. Archived from
1767:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1720:. 4 October 2012
1710:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1669:on 8 August 2016
1655:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1594:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1555:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1482:
1476:. Archived from
1475:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1423:. Archived from
1417:"derStandard.at"
1413:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1396:Voice of America
1386:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1277:. 18 March 2021.
1265:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1132:. Archived from
1121:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1047:
1038:
1037:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1011:. Archived from
1000:
989:
983:
982:
980:
978:
968:
962:
961:
959:
957:
943:
941:
939:
933:
927:. Archived from
922:
914:
885:Rajo Subdistrict
880:
860:
840:
820:
800:
780:
760:
654:Rajo Subdistrict
555:
551:
521:Tourism in Syria
474:Patrick Cockburn
441:Syrian Civil War
391:forced evictions
383:ethnic cleansing
364:Kurdish refugees
328:Turkish soldiers
302:Syrian civil war
290:Syrian civil war
217:
204:
202:
132:
131:
121:
119:
118:
77:
75:
74:
59:
54:
30:
29:
19:
18:
4664:
4663:
4659:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4653:
4634:
4633:
4632:
4619:
4589:
4549:
4524:
4504:
4470:
4449:
4390:Mujammaa Huttin
4364:
4329:
4274:
4254:
4228:
4226:Manbij District
4207:
4122:
4001:
3980:
3950:
3930:Kuweires Sharqi
3915:
3876:
3855:
3825:
3800:
3720:
3681:
3679:Al-Bab District
3660:
3650:Shuyukh Tahtani
3635:
3631:Shuyukh Fawqani
3610:
3560:
3519:
3498:
3473:
3408:
3369:
3367:Atarib District
3348:
3343:Shaykh al-Hadid
3328:
3303:
3278:
3258:
3228:
3178:
3079:
3058:
2958:
2918:
2868:
2818:
2688:
2679:Tulayl ash-Sham
2569:
2556:
2550:
2533:
2513:
2403:
2394:Maryamin Samaan
2358:
2344:Qabtan al-Jabal
2283:
2254:Maarat al-Artiq
2198:
2139:Buwaida Saghira
2073:
1934:
1921:
1909:
1899:
1897:
1855:
1850:
1840:
1838:
1826:
1822:
1812:
1810:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1787:
1785:
1768:
1759:
1749:
1747:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1723:
1721:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1697:
1695:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1672:
1670:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1642:
1640:
1633:The Independent
1627:
1626:
1622:
1612:
1610:
1595:
1588:
1578:
1576:
1568:The Independent
1556:
1547:
1538:
1536:
1526:
1522:
1513:
1511:
1499:
1495:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1455:
1453:
1452:. 2 August 2016
1444:
1443:
1439:
1430:
1428:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1401:
1399:
1387:
1383:
1374:
1372:
1360:
1356:
1347:
1345:
1333:
1329:
1320:
1318:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1297:. 8 March 2021.
1287:
1286:
1282:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1236:
1232:
1222:
1220:
1207:
1203:
1193:
1191:
1188:Middle East Eye
1179:
1175:
1166:
1164:
1152:
1148:
1139:
1137:
1122:
1118:
1109:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1088:
1086:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1063:
1061:
1048:
1041:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1015:
1009:
998:
990:
986:
976:
974:
970:
969:
965:
955:
953:
945:
937:
935:
931:
920:
916:
915:
906:
902:
897:
896:
895:
892:
881:
872:
861:
852:
841:
832:
821:
812:
809:Shaykh al-Hadid
801:
792:
781:
772:
761:
750:
749:
713:Shaykh al-Hadid
532:
523:
517:
488:
479:The Independent
415:Dersim Massacre
399:
360:Afrin offensive
346:, 18 March 2018
314:Jabhat al-Nusra
298:
296:Rojava conflict
292:
276:
238:is the city of
190:
126:
125:
116:
114:
72:
70:
60:
57:
40:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4662:
4652:
4651:
4646:
4644:Afrin District
4629:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4599:
4597:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4559:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4542:
4534:
4532:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4514:
4512:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4484:
4482:
4472:
4471:
4459:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4410:Saan al-Ghazal
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4374:
4372:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4339:
4337:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4320:Hayyah Kabirah
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4284:
4282:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4264:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4242:
4240:
4230:
4229:
4217:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4132:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4083:Marma al-Hajar
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4043:al-Haluwaniyah
4040:
4035:
4033:al-Bir Tahtani
4030:
4028:al-Bir Fawqani
4025:
4015:
4013:
4003:
4002:
3990:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3960:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3925:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3890:
3888:
3878:
3877:
3865:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3835:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3810:
3808:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3730:
3728:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3695:
3693:
3683:
3682:
3670:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3653:
3645:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3620:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3570:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3533:
3531:
3521:
3520:
3508:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3494:Urum al-Sughra
3491:
3483:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3418:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3383:
3381:
3371:
3370:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3338:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3313:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3288:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3268:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3238:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3188:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3093:
3091:
3081:
3080:
3077:Afrin District
3068:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3014:Kafr Burayshah
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2968:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2928:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2878:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2828:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2698:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2583:
2581:
2571:
2570:
2558:
2557:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2523:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2459:Huweir al-Eiss
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2413:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2368:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2293:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2208:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2179:Oweinat Kabira
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2083:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1948:
1946:
1936:
1935:
1923:
1922:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1896:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1873:
1864:Afrin District
1854:
1853:External links
1851:
1849:
1848:
1820:
1794:
1757:
1731:
1718:YourMiddleEast
1705:
1680:
1650:
1620:
1586:
1545:
1520:
1493:
1462:
1437:
1408:
1381:
1354:
1327:
1300:
1280:
1260:
1230:
1201:
1173:
1146:
1116:
1095:
1070:
1039:
1021:
1018:on 2016-03-04.
1007:
984:
963:
903:
901:
898:
894:
893:
882:
875:
873:
862:
855:
853:
842:
835:
833:
822:
815:
813:
802:
795:
793:
782:
775:
773:
762:
755:
752:
751:
745:
744:
743:
740:
739:
734:
731:
728:
723:
716:
715:
710:
707:
704:
699:
692:
691:
686:
683:
680:
675:
668:
667:
662:
659:
656:
651:
644:
643:
638:
635:
632:
627:
620:
619:
614:
611:
608:
603:
596:
595:
590:
587:
584:
579:
572:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
531:
528:
516:
513:
487:
484:
398:
395:
316:as well as by
291:
288:
275:
272:
193:Afrin District
181:
180:
177:
171:
170:
167:
163:
162:
159:
155:
154:
150:
149:
141:
137:
136:
112:
106:
105:
100:
94:
93:
88:
82:
81:
68:
62:
61:
55:
47:
46:
42:
41:
36:
33:
32:
23:Afrin District
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4661:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4605:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4596:
4592:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4556:
4552:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4531:
4527:
4521:
4520:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4507:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4464:
4460:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4332:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4315:Hamir Labidah
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4300:Awsajli Kabir
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4281:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4222:
4218:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4125:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3995:
3991:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3953:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3870:
3866:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3803:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3781:Kherbet Kiyar
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3675:
3671:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3513:
3509:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3488:Urum al-Kubra
3485:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3470:
3469:al-Shaykh Ali
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3454:Maarat Atarib
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3363:
3359:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3331:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3139:Burj Abdullah
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3109:Awlad al-Arab
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3073:
3069:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3039:al-Yaarubiyah
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2809:Turkman Bareh
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2789:Tal'ar Sharqi
2787:
2785:
2784:Tal'ar Gharbi
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2594:al-Fayruziyah
2592:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2567:Azaz District
2563:
2559:
2554:
2548:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2510:
2509:Ziyara Samaan
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2280:
2279:Yaqed al-Adas
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2264:Shaykh Najjar
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2194:Um al-Karamel
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2088:Tell al-Daman
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2064:al-Dhahabiyah
2062:
2060:
2059:Tell Shughayb
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2024:al-Muslimiyah
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1969:Ayn al-Kabira
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1894:
1889:
1887:
1882:
1880:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1867:
1865:
1860:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1824:
1808:
1804:
1798:
1784:on 2016-05-08
1783:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1746:on 2016-05-08
1745:
1741:
1735:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1654:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1593:
1591:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1535:
1531:
1524:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1497:
1483:on 2015-12-08
1479:
1472:
1466:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1427:on 2022-07-06
1426:
1422:
1418:
1412:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1385:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1358:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1331:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1304:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1284:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1234:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1205:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1177:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1150:
1136:on 2016-11-03
1135:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1105:
1099:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1046:
1044:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1014:
1010:
1008:0-203-89211-9
1004:
997:
996:
988:
973:
967:
952:
948:
930:
926:
919:
913:
911:
909:
904:
890:
886:
879:
874:
870:
866:
859:
854:
850:
846:
839:
834:
830:
826:
819:
814:
810:
806:
799:
794:
790:
786:
779:
774:
770:
766:
759:
754:
753:
748:
738:
735:
727:
724:
722:
718:
717:
714:
711:
703:
700:
698:
694:
693:
690:
687:
679:
676:
674:
670:
669:
666:
663:
655:
652:
650:
646:
645:
642:
639:
631:
628:
626:
622:
621:
618:
615:
607:
604:
602:
598:
597:
594:
591:
583:
580:
578:
574:
573:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
556:
550:
548:
540:
536:
527:
522:
512:
509:
506:
502:
492:
483:
481:
480:
475:
471:
467:
463:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
437:
435:
432:(36,562) and
431:
426:
424:
420:
417:, settled in
416:
412:
403:
394:
392:
388:
384:
381:
377:
373:
369:
368:guerrilla war
365:
361:
357:
353:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
297:
287:
285:
281:
271:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
216:
214:
207:
198:
194:
188:
178:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
151:
148:
144:
142:
138:
135:
130:
124:
113:
111:
107:
104:
101:
99:
95:
92:
89:
87:
83:
80:
69:
67:
63:
53:
48:
45:Herêma Efrînê
43:
39:
34:
20:
4602:
4580:al-Samiriyah
4575:Rasm Al-Nafl
4562:
4537:
4517:
4487:
4377:
4350:Khan al-Humr
4342:
4287:
4267:
4246:
4245:
4188:Tell Aghbar
4135:
4058:Ayn al-Bayda
4019:
4018:
3971:Shaykh Ahmad
3963:
3946:Rasm al-Abed
3928:
3911:Umm el-Marra
3893:
3838:
3813:
3733:
3698:
3648:
3623:
3573:
3537:
3536:
3486:
3423:Ibbin Samaan
3421:
3386:
3341:
3316:
3299:Meidan Ekbis
3291:
3271:
3241:
3204:Darmashkanli
3191:
3096:
3076:
3049:Az-Zahiriyah
2971:
2931:
2881:
2831:
2701:
2629:al-Malikiyah
2609:Kafr Khasher
2586:
2526:
2484:Rasm al-Eiss
2416:
2371:
2349:al-Sakhriyah
2296:
2269:Shaykh Zayat
2211:
2086:
1951:
1915:
1856:
1839:. Retrieved
1833:
1823:
1811:. Retrieved
1806:
1797:
1786:. Retrieved
1782:the original
1775:
1748:. Retrieved
1744:the original
1734:
1722:. Retrieved
1717:
1708:
1696:. Retrieved
1693:Afrin Canton
1692:
1683:
1671:. Retrieved
1667:the original
1653:
1641:. Retrieved
1632:
1623:
1611:. Retrieved
1603:SYRIA:direct
1602:
1577:. Retrieved
1566:
1537:. Retrieved
1523:
1512:. Retrieved
1508:The Guardian
1506:
1496:
1485:. Retrieved
1478:the original
1465:
1454:. Retrieved
1449:
1440:
1429:. Retrieved
1425:the original
1421:DER STANDARD
1420:
1411:
1400:. Retrieved
1394:
1384:
1373:. Retrieved
1367:
1357:
1346:. Retrieved
1340:
1330:
1319:. Retrieved
1317:. 2021-03-06
1312:
1303:
1292:
1283:
1272:
1263:
1251:. Retrieved
1243:
1233:
1221:. Retrieved
1214:
1204:
1192:. Retrieved
1186:
1176:
1165:. Retrieved
1161:The Guardian
1159:
1149:
1138:. Retrieved
1134:the original
1119:
1108:. Retrieved
1098:
1087:. Retrieved
1083:the original
1073:
1062:. Retrieved
1060:. Newsdeeply
1055:
1033:
1024:
1013:the original
994:
987:
975:. Retrieved
966:
954:. Retrieved
936:. Retrieved
929:the original
720:
696:
672:
648:
624:
600:
576:
544:
530:Subdistricts
524:
510:
497:
477:
438:
427:
411:Turkish Army
408:
397:Demographics
376:human rights
349:
299:
277:
256:Afrin Region
252:Afrin Canton
230:in northern
192:
191:
187:Afrin Canton
143:
140:Subdistricts
4430:Tell Akhdar
4355:al-Maamurah
4203:al-Suwaydah
4173:Jubb al-Dam
4103:Qirq Maghar
4038:al-Hajaliah
3575:al-Jalbiyah
3546:al-Farazdaq
3539:Ayn al-Arab
3464:al-Sahharah
3434:Kafr Karmin
3209:Deir Ballut
3199:Burj Haider
3019:Kafr Shoush
3004:al-Judaydah
2994:Hawar Kilis
2859:Shaykh Issa
2833:Tell Rifaat
2794:Tall Battal
2604:Kafr Kalbin
2499:Tell Hidyah
2494:Tell Allush
2249:Kafr Hamrah
2144:Deir Saliba
2004:Kafr Saghir
1643:16 December
730:208.51 km²
682:305.18 km²
658:283.12 km²
634:319.43 km²
610:203.36 km²
586:427.73 km²
501:Aleppo soap
494:Aleppo soap
413:during the
380:kidnappings
284:Arabization
201:منطقة عفرين
86:Governorate
28:منطقة عفرين
4638:Categories
4610:Tell Hasil
4440:al-Zahirah
4425:Tell Aswad
4415:al-Tadamon
4344:Al-Khafsah
4325:Jubb Hamza
4289:Abu Qilqil
4193:Tell Hajar
4158:Arab Azzah
4113:Yusuf Bayk
4093:Qandariyah
3976:Tell Ayoub
3895:Dayr Hafir
3846:Tell Rahal
3791:Oweishiyeh
3711:Abu Taltal
3706:Abu Jabbar
3449:Kafr Nuran
3429:Kafr Halab
3254:Kafr Safra
3224:Karzahayel
3044:al-Yamamah
2914:Tell Qarah
2864:Tell Jabin
2849:Kafr Naseh
2844:Deir Jamal
2799:Tall Tanah
2774:Qar Kalbin
2654:al-Salameh
2399:Tell Dadin
2298:Darat Izza
2244:Kafr Bssin
2164:Kafr Obeid
2159:Jubb Aleis
2039:Rasm Assan
2009:Khan Tuman
1835:al-Monitor
1813:16 January
1788:2018-01-24
1777:Al-Monitor
1673:23 October
1539:2016-10-18
1534:Al-Monitor
1514:2021-07-12
1487:2015-12-19
1456:2016-10-18
1431:2020-11-12
1402:2021-07-13
1375:2021-07-12
1348:2021-07-12
1342:Al Monitor
1321:2021-04-11
1216:Al Jazeera
1167:2021-07-13
1140:2016-10-23
1110:2016-10-23
1089:2016-10-23
1064:2016-10-23
956:15 October
938:15 October
900:References
706:93.52 km²
567:Population
436:(13,661).
344:the region
294:See also:
268:its allies
166:Population
4604:Tell Aran
4489:as-Safira
4420:Talhuthan
4310:Dandaniya
4148:Al-Shahid
4143:Al-Kuliya
4137:Ghandoura
4021:Jarabulus
3906:al-Jabbul
3771:Haji Kusa
3439:Kafr Naha
3394:al-Abzamo
3149:Kafr Nabu
3134:Beit Adin
3119:Baselhaya
3034:Shuwayrin
3024:Murayghil
2999:Ihtaimlat
2979:Baraghida
2954:al-Zahraa
2854:Kafr Naya
2724:Bahwartah
2714:Aq Burhan
2659:Shamarikh
2614:Kaljibrin
2449:Bawabiyah
2418:al-Zirbah
2373:al-Hadher
2319:Kafrantin
2314:Bishqatin
2304:Bshantara
2169:al-Mintar
2094:Abu Rweil
2069:al-Wadihi
1750:6 October
1724:6 October
1613:23 August
1579:23 August
434:Jandairis
206:romanized
4564:Khanasir
4539:al-Hajib
4379:Maskanah
4305:Dakhirah
4269:Abu Kahf
4118:Zugharah
4088:Mazaalah
4048:al-Jamel
3941:al-Raa'i
3936:Mazburah
3796:Qabbasin
3766:Haddabat
3761:Deir Qaq
3746:Barlahin
3716:Ameriyeh
3551:al-Haqel
3404:al-Jinah
3273:Maabatli
3243:Jindires
3214:Fafertin
3164:Maryamin
3104:Ain Dara
3054:Zayzafun
2989:Duwaybiq
2939:Bayanoun
2814:Ziadiyah
2804:Tat Hims
2744:Duweidan
2703:Akhtarin
2664:Shamarin
2634:Maraanaz
2474:Kassibeh
2469:Jubb Kas
2454:Humayrah
2324:al-Hoteh
2259:Naqqarin
2129:Batranah
2099:Ameriyeh
1984:Haddadin
1916:Capital:
1637:Archived
1607:Archived
1573:Archived
1253:11 April
1130:ARA News
829:Maabatli
789:Jindires
737:Maabatli
641:Jindires
470:Damascus
419:Maabatli
224:district
213:manṭiqat
38:District
4615:Zira'ah
4570:Qulayaa
4500:Aqrabah
4435:Tishrin
4183:Nabghah
4153:Al-Qadi
4063:Balaban
4053:Amarnah
3851:al-Waqf
3756:al-Burj
3601:Ramilah
3596:Qinayah
3459:Awayjil
3318:Sharran
3249:Jalamah
3129:Basufan
2909:Talalin
2764:Kadrish
2759:Ka'ibah
2749:Ghaytun
2674:Tatiyah
2669:Sijaraz
2644:Nayarah
2624:Ma'arin
2619:Al-Krum
2489:Talafeh
2464:Jazraya
2389:Jmeimeh
2384:Dalamah
2379:al-Eiss
2334:Injarah
2309:Basrtun
2229:Bashkoy
2213:Haritan
2174:Mreiqes
2044:Saqlaya
1999:Hreibel
1841:29 July
1698:13 June
1194:13 July
1036:. 1996.
951:UN OCHA
849:Sharran
733:11,741
709:13,871
689:Sharran
685:13,632
661:21,955
637:32,947
613:12,573
589:66,188
515:Tourism
486:Economy
472:, told
462:Yazidis
457:Turkmen
423:Kurdish
387:torture
274:History
220:Kurdish
208::
175:Geocode
169:172,095
110:Control
66:Country
4545:Hawwaz
4445:Zunqul
4385:Mallah
4248:Manbij
4178:Lilawa
4168:Fursan
4098:Qirata
4073:Haymar
3821:Sosyan
3815:Al-Rai
3776:Hezwan
3751:Bizaah
3700:al-Bab
3625:Sarrin
3591:Qibbah
3399:Batibo
3388:Atarib
3219:Jalbul
3193:Bulbul
3169:Oqayba
3154:Kalota
3124:Basuta
2973:Sawran
2949:Ratyan
2904:Sunbul
2894:Herbel
2779:Taanah
2769:Qabtan
2754:Ghurur
2739:Dudyan
2729:Baruza
2719:Arshaf
2684:Yahmul
2649:Naddah
2639:Menagh
2528:Zammar
2444:Barqum
2439:Barnah
2274:Shamer
2234:Hayyan
2219:Anadan
2149:Hmeidi
2119:Ballas
2049:Siefat
2034:Qarras
1989:Hayyan
1953:Aleppo
1919:Aleppo
1005:
977:3 June
869:Bulbul
719:SY0203
695:SY0203
671:SY0203
647:SY0203
623:SY0203
617:Bulbul
599:SY0203
575:SY0203
547:nawāḥī
539:nawāḥī
466:Ghouta
449:Yazidi
318:Turkey
264:Turkey
234:. The
197:Arabic
179:SY0203
147:nawāḥī
123:Turkey
120:
91:Aleppo
76:
4519:Banan
4163:Belis
4068:Dabis
3840:Tadef
3786:Maran
3741:Arran
3735:Arima
3324:Qatma
3174:Qibar
3159:Kimar
3114:Barad
3098:Afrin
3009:Kafra
2944:Mayer
2889:Fafin
2883:Mare'
2839:Ahras
2734:Dabiq
2709:Ablah
2599:Jarez
2504:Zitan
2434:Banes
2429:Arada
2354:Taqad
2339:Irhab
2224:Babis
2154:Hober
2134:Burda
2104:Arjel
1994:Hilan
1974:Azzan
1964:Assan
1959:Abtin
1481:(PDF)
1474:(PDF)
1248:Rudaw
1223:2 May
1016:(PDF)
999:(PDF)
932:(PDF)
921:(PDF)
769:Afrin
593:Afrin
570:Seat
430:Afrin
336:Afrin
244:Syria
240:Afrin
232:Syria
215:Afrīn
103:Afrin
79:Syria
3293:Rajo
3144:Inab
3029:Rael
2933:Nubl
2588:Azaz
2424:Abad
1843:2018
1815:2017
1752:2016
1726:2016
1700:2015
1675:2010
1645:2018
1615:2018
1581:2018
1255:2021
1225:2018
1196:2021
1003:ISBN
979:2018
958:2015
940:2015
889:Rajo
665:Rajo
564:Area
561:Name
558:Code
455:and
453:Arab
354:and
330:and
280:Sufi
266:and
153:Area
98:Seat
4585:Tat
3586:Mil
2984:Bel
2329:Hur
2239:Fah
476:of
340:PYD
332:SNA
226:of
4640::
1832:.
1805:.
1774:.
1760:^
1716:.
1691:.
1661:.
1631:.
1605:.
1601:.
1589:^
1571:.
1565:.
1548:^
1532:.
1505:.
1448:.
1419:.
1393:.
1366:.
1339:.
1311:.
1291:.
1271:.
1246:.
1242:.
1213:.
1185:.
1158:.
1128:.
1054:.
1042:^
1032:.
949:.
907:^
721:06
697:05
673:04
649:03
625:02
601:01
577:00
468:,
451:,
389:,
385:,
320:.
270:.
218:,
203:,
199::
145:7
1892:e
1885:t
1878:v
1845:.
1817:.
1791:.
1754:.
1728:.
1702:.
1677:.
1647:.
1617:.
1583:.
1542:.
1517:.
1490:.
1459:.
1434:.
1405:.
1378:.
1351:.
1324:.
1227:.
1198:.
1170:.
1143:.
1113:.
1092:.
1067:.
981:.
960:.
942:.
891:.
871:.
851:.
831:.
811:.
791:.
771:.
195:(
189:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
