1123:), the two extant wild subspecies are both listed as critically endangered. African wild asses have been captured for domestication for centuries and this, along with interbreeding between wild and domestic animals, has caused a distinct decline in population numbers. There are now only a few hundred individuals left in the wild. These animals are also hunted for food and for traditional medicine in both Ethiopia and Somalia. Competition with domestic livestock for grazing, and restricted access to water supplies caused by agricultural developments, pose further threats to the survival of this species. The African wild ass is legally protected in the countries where it is currently found, although these measures often prove difficult to enforce. A protected population of the Somali wild ass exists in the
31:
719:
1066:
271:
694:
1029:
104:
363:
378:
1013:
3326:
62:
425:
646:
670:
1105:
1274:(1866). "Systematische Übersicht der Säugethiere Nordost-Afrika's mit Einschluß der arabischen Küste, des rothen Meeres, der Somáli- und der Nilquellen-Länder, südwärts bis zum vierten Grade nördlicher Breite. Von Dr Theodor v. Heuglin. Nach brieflichen Mittheilungen und den Original-Exemplaren des Herrn Verfassers ergänzt und mit Zusätzen versehen von dem w. M. Dr Leopold Joseph Fitzinger".
977:
of hearing and help in cooling. Because of the sparse vegetation in their environment wild asses live somewhat separated from each other (except for mothers and young), unlike the tightly grouped herds of wild horses. They have very loud voices, which can be heard for over 3 km (1.9 mi), which helps them to keep in contact with other asses over the wide spaces of the desert.
1096:. Despite being primarily adapted for living in an arid climate, they are dependent on water, and when not receiving the needed moisture from vegetation, they must drink at least once every three days. However, they can survive on a surprisingly small amount of liquid, and have been reported to drink salty or brackish water.
470:) lived ~5.6 (3.9–7.8) mya. Direct paleogenomic sequencing of a 700,000-year-old middle Pleistocene horse metapodial bone from Canada implies a more recent 4.07 Myr before present date for the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) within the range of 4.0 to 4.5 Myr BP. The oldest divergencies are the Asian hemiones (subgenus
1650:(1861). "Th. v. Heuglin's Forschungen über die Fauna des Rothen Meeres und der Somáli-Kuste. Ein systematisches Verzeichniss der Säugethiere und Vögel, welche in diesen Regionen bisher beobachtet worden sind, mit Rücksicht auf ihre geographische Verbreitung in horizontaler und vertikaler Ausdehnung".
976:
African wild asses are well suited to life in a desert or semidesert environment. They have tough digestive systems, which can break down desert vegetation and extract moisture from food efficiently. They can also go without water for a fairly long time. Their large ears give them an excellent sense
985:
The
African wild ass is primarily active in the cooler hours between late afternoon and early morning, seeking shade and shelter amongst the rocky hills during the day. The Somali wild ass is also very agile and nimble-footed, capable of moving quickly across boulder fields and in the mountains. On
1806:
Guagnin, M., Shipton, C., el-Dossary, S., al-Rashid, M., Moussa, F., Stewart, M., ... & Petraglia, M. D. (2018). "Rock art provides new evidence on the biogeography of kudu (Tragelaphus imberbis), wild dromedary, aurochs (Bos primigenius) and
African wild ass (Equus africanus) in the early and
1040:
Wild asses can run swiftly, almost as fast as a horse. However, unlike most hoofed mammals, their tendency is to not flee right away from a potentially dangerous situation, but to investigate first before deciding what to do. When they need to, they can defend themselves with kicks from both their
1036:
In the wild, African wild ass breeding occurs during the wet season. The gestation period lasts for 11 to 12 months, and one foal is born during the period from
October to February. The foal weans for 6 to 8 months after birth, reaching sexual maturity at the age of 2 years. Lifespan is up to 40
1739:Özkan, Mustafa; Gürün, Kanat; Yüncü, Eren; Vural, Kıvılcım Başak; Atağ, Gözde; Akbaba, Ali; Fidan, Fatma Rabia; Sağlıcan, Ekin; Altınışık, Ezgi N.; Koptekin, Dilek; Pawłowska, Kamilla; Hodder, Ian; Adcock, Sarah E.; Arbuckle, Benjamin S.; Steadman, Sharon R. (July 2024).
385:
The
African wild ass is about 1.2 metres (4 ft) tall and weighs approximately 250 kilograms (600 lb). The short, smooth coat is a light grey to fawn colour, fading quickly to white on the undersides and legs. There is a slender, dark dorsal stripe in all
1518:
Weinstock, Jaco; Willerslev, Eske; Sher, Andrei; Tong, Wenfei; Ho, Simon Y.W; Rubenstein, Dan; Storer, John; Burns, James; Martin, Larry; Bravi, Claudio; Prieto, Alfredo; Froese, Duane; Scott, Eric; Xulong, Lai; Cooper, Alan; Hillis, David (28 June 2005).
410:. On the nape of the neck, there is a stiff, upright mane, the hairs of which are tipped with black. The ears are large with black margins. The tail terminates with a black brush. The hooves are slender and approximately of the diameter as the legs.
1131:. This reserve was established in 1968 with the view to bolster populations of endangered desert species. Populations of horses and asses are fairly resilient and, if the species is properly protected, it may well recover from its current low.
459:, described as zebra-like with a donkey-shaped head. The oldest fossil to date is ~3.5 million years old from Idaho in the United States. The genus appears to have spread quickly into the Old World, with the similarly aged
1779:
Kimura, B., Marshall, F. B., Chen, S., Rosenbom, S., Moehlman, P. D., Tuross, N., ... & Mulligan, C. J. (2011). "Ancient DNA from Nubian and Somali wild ass provides insights into donkey ancestry and domestication".
1903:
1460:
1338:
1652:
Mittheilungen aus Justus
Perthes' Geographischer Anstalt über Wichtige Neue Erforschungen auf dem Gesammtgebiete der Geographie von Dr A. Petermann ("Petermann's Geographische Mittheilungen")
3406:
2014:
1929:
986:
the flat, it has been recorded reaching speeds of 70 km/h (43 mph). In keeping with these feats, its soles are particularly hard and its hooves grow very quickly.
1907:
1380:
2729:
1629:
1005:, and kept as far away as possible from any of the resident females. In the presence of estrous females, the males bray loudly. These animals live in loose
530:
Different authors consider the
African wild ass and the domesticated donkey one or two species; either view is technically legitimate, though the former is
3664:
2617:
2585:
2577:
1350:
546:
430:
2737:
1459:
Orlando, L.; Ginolhac, A.; Zhang, G.; Froese, D.; Albrechtsen, A.; Stiller, M.; Schubert, M.; Cappellini, E.; Petersen, B.; et al. (4 July 2013).
2000:
2787:
2721:
2689:
2609:
2601:
2625:
2665:
3709:
3494:
3719:
1933:
621:
663:
Nubian Desert of northeastern Sudan, from east of the Nile River to the Red Sea and south to the
Atbarah River and northern Eritrea
3610:
3442:
2857:
3623:
3468:
545:, from the domestic donkey, whose specific name is older and usually would have priority. But this usage is erroneous since the
1618:
1154:(EEP). All European wild donkeys are either descendants of the original group at Zoo Basel or of 12 others that came from the
2020:
1887:
1310:
1151:
3628:
3473:
3689:
2009:
1713:
1388:
3714:
1723:
2029:
1292:
30:
535:
2835:
2065:
1682:
Noack Th. (1884). "Neues aus der
Tierhandlung von Karl Hagenbeck, sowie aus dem Zoologischen Garten in Hamburg".
1626:
588:, 1861 is rejected as indeterminable, as it is based on an animal that cannot be identified and may have been a
1155:
1144:
1124:
3684:
66:
1521:"Evolution, Systematics, and Phylogeography of Pleistocene Horses in the New World: A Molecular Perspective"
3699:
2850:
2463:
1702:
Vol. V. (eds. Kingdon, J., Happold, DCD, Butynski, TM, Hoffmann, M., Happold, M. & Kalina, J.) 414–417.
1346:
1139:
There are about 150 individual Somali wild asses living in zoos around the globe, of which 36 were born at
718:
103:
3398:
1955:
1797:
Proceedings of an interdisciplinary ACACIA workshop held at the
University of Cologne December 14-15, 2007
1795:
Desert animals in the eastern Sahara: status, economic significance, and cultural reflection in antiquity.
466:
Molecular phylogenies indicate the most recent common ancestor of all modern equids (members of the genus
3724:
2036:
3679:
2824:
1177:
3694:
3669:
3509:
3384:
1864:
1607:
1570:
1238:
1065:
3330:
2843:
1288:
894:
842:
3641:
3548:
3346:
2814:
419:
1821:
3704:
3636:
3543:
2989:
2334:
860:
351:
210:
3535:
2040:. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. .
1300:
1115:
Though the species itself is under no threat of extinction, due to abundant domestic stock (
997:– an essential marker in the flat, monotonous terrain. Due to the size of these ranges, the
693:
3429:
3292:
1741:"The first complete genome of the extinct European wild ass ( Equus hemionus hydruntinus )"
1476:
3486:
1844:
538:
classifies the donkey as a distinct species, as it does with almost all domestic mammals.
398:), as well as the domestic donkey, there is a stripe across the shoulder. The legs of the
8:
3182:
2454:
2419:
2383:
2058:
1647:
1267:
585:
227:
51:
3085:
2489:
2477:
1740:
1480:
1001:
cannot exclude other males. Rather, intruders are tolerated – recognized and treated as
3140:
2755:
2713:
2705:
2681:
2593:
2410:
2174:
1547:
1520:
1500:
1167:
990:
558:
98:
557:. This was done to prevent the confusing situation of the phylogenetic ancestor being
3597:
3530:
3149:
2795:
2221:
1883:
1762:
1719:
1552:
1492:
1316:
1306:
1271:
807:
231:
1615:
1215:
1150:
Zoo Basel manages the
European studbook for the Somali wild ass and coordinates the
3602:
3588:
3274:
3230:
3206:
3158:
2974:
2771:
2428:
2392:
2202:
1752:
1542:
1532:
1504:
1484:
1434:
1233:
1182:
589:
479:
2865:
1147:
started with Basel's first Somali wild asses in 1970 and the first birth in 1972.
1028:
712:
Region around the Atlas Mountains, across modern day Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco
3674:
3517:
2697:
2649:
2633:
2193:
2184:
2146:
2118:
1633:
1622:
1605:
Groves C. P. & Smeenk C. (2007). "The nomenclature of the African wild ass".
1537:
1172:
1017:
724:
675:
651:
597:
564:
Thus, if one species is recognized, the correct scientific name of the donkey is
399:
391:
253:
247:
38:
3561:
3499:
3283:
3076:
2907:
2867:
2779:
2744:
2673:
2641:
2566:
2442:
2401:
2276:
2258:
2211:
2137:
2051:
1050:
700:
605:
601:
455:
323:
270:
260:
155:
1411:
3658:
3481:
3411:
3369:
3301:
3197:
2950:
2551:
2518:
2267:
2249:
2075:
2043:
1766:
1296:
1224:
1089:
998:
741:
617:
517:
493:
175:
71:
1320:
506:). All other modern forms including the domesticated horse (and many fossil
377:
3173:
3113:
3067:
2763:
2657:
2559:
2361:
1556:
1496:
779:
554:
531:
1435:"Ascent and decline of monodactyl equids: a case for prehistoric overkill"
3522:
3455:
3378:
2923:
1070:
1012:
1002:
577:
511:
501:
362:
3421:
1488:
616:
is designated: a skull of an adult female collected by von Heuglin near
3615:
3447:
3122:
2980:
2819:
2303:
443:
387:
367:
314:), which is sometimes placed within the same species. They live in the
1757:
441:, which includes all extant equines, is believed to have evolved from
3460:
1880:
Horse Power: A History of the Horse and the Donkey in Human Societies
1140:
1109:
994:
613:
449:
115:
3340:
1213:
424:
3582:
3363:
2901:
2895:
2889:
965:
731:
507:
371:
331:
135:
669:
645:
3265:
3221:
2932:
2809:
2528:
1302:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
1278:, Abt. 1. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 54: 537–611.
1078:
1074:
1046:
749:
Cladogram based on whole nuclear genomes after Özkan et al. 2024.
709:
Darker gray coat, shoulder cross (sometimes doubled), leg stripes
335:
327:
303:
165:
684:
Lighter gray coat to light brown, no shoulder cross, leg stripes
541:
The species name for the African wild ass is sometimes given as
3434:
3393:
3038:
3029:
3014:
2883:
2374:
2352:
2325:
2160:
2127:
2095:
2004:
1718:. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 55.
1465:
using the genome sequence of an early Middle Pleistocene horse"
1116:
1104:
1054:
961:
953:
757:
593:
483:
473:
315:
307:
187:
145:
125:
3556:
3248:
3061:
3047:
3000:
2959:
2513:
2315:
2294:
2235:
1511:
1305:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 629.
1276:
Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften
1193:
This article incorporates CC BY-3.0 text from the reference.
1128:
1120:
1085:
1042:
957:
900:
487:
407:
406:) are horizontally striped with black, resembling those of a
347:
343:
339:
306:. This species is thought to be the ancestor of the domestic
299:
88:
82:
1956:"Zoo Basel Welcomes a Critically Endangered Somali Wild Ass"
2523:
2034:, in Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005.
1517:
1093:
1006:
319:
1822:""Somali Wild Ass" in the Animal Encyclopaedia at Marwell"
1458:
1715:
Domestication: the decline of environmental appreciation
1053:, circa 2000 BC. These have been suggested to represent
2302:
1983:
Excludes the domesticated form, which is referenced as
1782:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
1698:
Groves, C. (2013). Subgenus Asinus African Wild Ass in
1057:, but are now thought to have been domesticated asses.
993:
around 23 square kilometres in size, marking them with
2948:
1339:"African wild ass is the mother of donkeys, DNA shows"
1214:
Moehlman, P.D.; Kebede, F. & Yohannes, H. (2015).
952:
African wild asses of unknown subspecies lived in the
1738:
838:
803:
338:. It formerly had a wider range north and west into
571:The first published name for the African wild ass,
547:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
1041:front and hind legs. Equids were used in ancient
522:which diverged ~4.8 (3.2–6.5) million years ago.
3656:
2017:at the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Species
2073:
1987:and is not subject to the provisions of CITES.
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1260:
1258:
1256:
2851:
2059:
1877:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1239:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T7949A45170994.en
490:), followed by the African zebras (subgenera
1403:
3665:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
1588:
1426:
1253:
463:documented from western Europe and Russia.
2858:
2844:
2066:
2052:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1832:
1807:middle Holocene of north-western Arabia".
1668:The Kingdon field guide to African mammals
1662:
1660:
1409:
687:Somalia, Somaliland, Eritrea and Ethiopia
269:
60:
29:
1756:
1546:
1536:
1452:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1237:
1084:The African wild asses' diet consists of
660:Gray coat, shoulder cross, no leg stripes
622:State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart
1432:
1332:
1330:
1103:
1064:
1027:
1011:
624:, MNS 32026. The subspecies recognized:
423:
376:
361:
1851:
1800:
1657:
1045:to pull wagons circa 2600 BC, and then
354:, with about 570 existing in the wild.
3657:
3263:
2026:at the IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group
1787:
1773:
1711:
1692:
1412:"Some remarks on the African wild ass"
1365:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1099:
3710:Critically endangered fauna of Africa
3345:
3344:
2839:
2047:
1336:
1327:
1287:
1152:European Endangered Species Programme
612:von Heuglin & Fitzinger, 1866. A
3510:b5999c48-d584-4f9c-a0e5-32e4d29d09ab
1793:Riemer, H. & Pöllath, N. (2007)
783:African wild ass + domestic donkeys
1281:
1225:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1198:
1069:Somali wild ass eating hay, at the
657:(von Heuglin & Fitzinger, 1866)
13:
1732:
604:has not been preserved. The first
14:
3736:
3720:Taxa named by Theodor von Heuglin
1994:
1882:. USA: Harvard University Press.
1862:
1378:
3325:
3324:
3111:
717:
692:
668:
644:
536:American Society of Mammalogists
428:Skull of a giant extinct horse,
102:
2921:
1948:
1922:
1896:
1871:
1814:
1705:
1673:
1638:
1563:
1387:. St. Louis Zoo. Archived from
1134:
1032:Somali wild ass mother and foal
811:(European wild ass/hydruntine)
453:. One of the oldest species is
1977:
1878:Clutton-Brock, Juliet (1992).
1156:Yotvata Hai-Bar Nature Reserve
1125:Yotvata Hai-Bar Nature Reserve
514:forms) belong to the subgenus
357:
1:
1932:. Zoobasel.ch. Archived from
1906:. Zoobasel.ch. Archived from
1188:
1538:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030241
1410:van Bemmel, A. C. V (1972).
1343:National Geographic Blogspot
1009:of up to fifty individuals.
620:, Sudan, and present in the
561:included in its descendant.
534:more accurate. However, the
447:, via the intermediate form
413:
7:
3690:Fauna of the Horn of Africa
2464:Hartmann's mountain zebra (
2149:Equus africanus somaliensis
2086:Extinct species are marked
2037:Mammal Species of the World
1161:
1127:in Israel, to the north of
980:
679:Equus africanus somaliensis
525:
43:Equus africanus somaliensis
10:
3741:
2825:Domestication of the horse
2224:Equus hemionus hydruntinus
2140:Equus africanus atlanticus
1178:Feral donkeys in Australia
989:Mature males defend large
971:
704:Equus africanus atlanticus
417:
3715:Mammals described in 1866
3572:
3353:
3322:
3247:
3219:
3195:
3171:
3138:
3121:
3110:
3106:
2931:
2920:
2916:
2878:
2805:
2537:
2506:
2476:
2441:
2360:
2351:
2293:
2234:
2161:Onager / Asiatic wild ass
2159:
2121:Equus africanus africanus
2103:
2094:
2084:
1666:Kingdon, Jonathan (1997)
891:
884:
857:
836:
829:
822:
801:
794:
770:
763:
655:Equus africanus africanus
277:
268:
244:
239:
216:
209:
99:Scientific classification
97:
80:
58:
49:
37:
28:
23:
1970:
1608:Zoologische Mededelingen
1416:Zoologische Mededelingen
1337:Staff (10 August 2010).
575:, Fitzinger, 1858, is a
298:is a wild member of the
2386:Equus quagga burchellii
2337:Equus ferus przewalskii
2187:Equus hemionus hemippus
2177:Equus hemionus hemionus
1809:Journal of Biogeography
1712:Hemmer, Helmut (1990).
1575:www.mammaldiversity.org
1060:
898:(Mongolian wild ass) +
895:Equus hemionus hemionus
843:Equus hemionus hemippus
549:has conserved the name
3293:South American tapir (
2815:Evolution of the horse
2466:Equus zebra hartmannae
2422:Equus quagga crawshayi
2236:Kiang/Tibetan wild ass
2130:Equus africanus asinus
1684:Der Zoologische Garten
1632:7 October 2011 at the
1621:7 October 2011 at the
1571:"Explore the Database"
1299:; Reeder, D.M (eds.).
1293:"Order Perissodactyla"
1143:, where this species'
1112:
1081:
1033:
1025:
901:Equus (hemionus) kiang
728:Equus africanus asinus
434:
420:Evolution of the horse
382:
374:
3637:Paleobiology Database
3544:Paleobiology Database
3183:Sumatran rhinoceros (
2455:Cape mountain zebra (
2413:Equus quagga chapmani
2404:Equus quagga borensis
2270:Equus kiang holdereri
2214:Equus hemionus onager
2074:Species of the genus
1700:The Mammals of Africa
1433:Azzaroli, A. (1992).
1107:
1068:
1031:
1015:
861:Equus hemionus onager
427:
380:
365:
352:Critically Endangered
67:Critically Endangered
3685:Fauna of East Africa
2990:Przewalski's horse (
2870:(Odd-toed ungulates)
2431:Equus quagga selousi
2335:Przewalski's horse (
2318:Equus ferus caballus
2279:Equus kiang polyodon
2205:Equus hemionus kulan
2175:Mongolian wild ass (
1867:. Ultimate Ungulate.
1232:: e.T7949A45170994.
1037:years in captivity.
381:Close-up of hindlegs
3700:Mammals of Ethiopia
3150:Indian rhinoceros (
2873:species by suborder
2730:Equus parastylidens
2395:Equus quagga boehmi
2377:Equus quagga quagga
2222:European wild ass (
2196:Equus hemionus khur
2021:African Wild Ass -
1936:on 20 December 2013
1910:on 20 December 2013
1784:, 278(1702), 50-57.
1489:10.1038/nature12323
1481:2013Natur.499...74O
1347:National Geographic
1158:in Israel in 1972.
1108:Somali wild ass at
1100:Conservation status
592:between a domestic
566:E. africanus asinus
461:Equus livenzovensis
296:African wild donkey
52:Conservation status
16:Species of wild ass
3725:Mammals of Eritrea
3231:Black rhinoceros (
3207:White rhinoceros (
3159:Javan rhinoceros (
3021:African wild ass (
2756:Equus semiplicatus
2747:Equus simplicidens
2714:Equus occidentalis
2706:Equus niobrarensis
2682:Equus mauritanicus
2594:Equus conversidens
2567:Giant Cape zebra (
2420:Crawshay's zebra (
2384:Burchell's zebra (
2203:Turkmenian kulan (
1865:"African wild ass"
1845:"African wild ass"
1811:, 45 (4), 727-740.
1442:Ann. Zool. Finnici
1391:on 1 November 2010
1168:Endangered species
1113:
1082:
1034:
1026:
846:(Syrian wild ass)
456:Equus simplicidens
435:
383:
375:
366:Close-up of head,
3680:Equines of Africa
3652:
3651:
3531:Open Tree of Life
3347:Taxon identifiers
3338:
3337:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3257:
3243:
3242:
3132:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3097:
2992:E. f. przewalskii
2965:
2942:
2871:
2833:
2832:
2796:Equus yunnanensis
2618:Equus dalianensis
2586:Equus complicatus
2578:Equus cedralensis
2502:
2501:
2457:Equus zebra zebra
2411:Chapman's zebra (
2347:
2346:
2328:Equus ferus ferus
2289:
2288:
2252:Equus kiang kiang
2194:Indian wild ass (
2185:Syrian wild ass (
2147:Somali wild ass (
2119:Nubian wild ass (
1889:978-0-674-40646-9
1758:10.1111/mec.17440
1745:Molecular Ecology
1385:About the Animals
1381:"Somali Wild Ass"
1353:on 17 August 2010
1312:978-0-8018-8221-0
964:, earlier in the
949:
948:
940:
939:
931:
930:
922:
921:
913:
912:
873:
872:
864:(Persian onager)
808:Equus hydruntinus
747:
746:
706:(P. Thomas, 1884)
431:Equus eisenmannae
404:E. a. somaliensis
282:
281:
278:Geographic range
254:E. a. somaliensis
202:E. africanus
92:
75:
24:African wild ass
3732:
3695:Mammals of Sudan
3670:African wild ass
3645:
3644:
3632:
3631:
3619:
3618:
3606:
3605:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3574:Asinus africanus
3565:
3564:
3552:
3551:
3539:
3538:
3526:
3525:
3513:
3512:
3503:
3502:
3490:
3489:
3477:
3476:
3464:
3463:
3451:
3450:
3438:
3437:
3425:
3424:
3415:
3414:
3402:
3401:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3342:
3341:
3328:
3327:
3284:Mountain tapir (
3261:
3260:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3108:
3107:
3077:Mountain zebra (
3001:Domestic horse (
2964:
2963:
2955:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2918:
2917:
2869:
2860:
2853:
2846:
2837:
2836:
2772:Equus sivalensis
2745:Hagerman horse (
2738:Equus pectinatus
2443:Mountain zebra (
2402:Maneless zebra (
2358:
2357:
2300:
2299:
2277:Southern kiang (
2259:Northern kiang (
2212:Persian onager (
2138:Atlas wild ass (
2105:African wild ass
2101:
2100:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2045:
2044:
2001:African Wild Ass
1988:
1981:
1964:
1963:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1860:
1849:
1848:
1841:
1830:
1829:
1818:
1812:
1804:
1798:
1791:
1785:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1760:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1709:
1703:
1696:
1690:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1664:
1655:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1603:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1550:
1540:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1439:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1376:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1349:. Archived from
1334:
1325:
1324:
1285:
1279:
1266:
1262:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1241:
1211:
1183:Asiatic wild ass
1145:breeding program
887:
886:
840:
832:
831:
825:
824:
805:
797:
796:
766:
765:
753:
752:
721:
696:
672:
648:
627:
626:
610:Asinus africanus
573:Asinus africanus
532:phylogenetically
478:, including the
286:African wild ass
273:
261:E. a. atlanticus
222:
107:
106:
86:
69:
64:
63:
33:
21:
20:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3640:
3635:
3627:
3622:
3614:
3609:
3601:
3596:
3587:
3586:
3581:
3568:
3560:
3555:
3547:
3542:
3534:
3529:
3521:
3518:Observation.org
3516:
3508:
3506:
3498:
3493:
3485:
3480:
3472:
3467:
3459:
3454:
3446:
3441:
3433:
3428:
3420:
3418:
3410:
3405:
3399:equus-africanus
3397:
3392:
3385:Equus africanus
3383:
3382:
3377:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3355:Equus africanus
3349:
3339:
3334:
3310:
3302:Malayan tapir (
3275:Baird's tapir (
3253:
3252:
3239:
3215:
3191:
3167:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3117:
3094:
3086:Grévy's zebra (
2957:
2956:
2954:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2927:
2912:
2874:
2868:Perissodactyla
2864:
2834:
2829:
2801:
2788:Equus uralensis
2722:Equus pacificus
2698:Equus namadicus
2690:Equus mexicanus
2650:Equus giganteus
2634:Equus fraternus
2610:Equus cumminsii
2602:Equus crinidens
2539:
2533:
2498:
2490:Grévy's zebra (
2478:Grévy's zebra (
2472:
2437:
2429:Selous' zebra (
2393:Grant's zebra (
2343:
2285:
2268:Eastern kiang (
2261:Equus kiang chu
2250:Western kiang (
2237:
2230:
2162:
2155:
2109:Equus africanus
2106:
2090:
2080:
2072:
2023:Equus africanus
1997:
1992:
1991:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1937:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1913:
1911:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1890:
1876:
1872:
1861:
1852:
1843:
1842:
1833:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1805:
1801:
1792:
1788:
1778:
1774:
1737:
1733:
1726:
1710:
1706:
1697:
1693:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1665:
1658:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1634:Wayback Machine
1623:Wayback Machine
1604:
1589:
1579:
1577:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1516:
1512:
1463:Equus evolution
1461:"Recalibrating
1457:
1453:
1437:
1431:
1427:
1408:
1404:
1394:
1392:
1377:
1366:
1356:
1354:
1335:
1328:
1313:
1286:
1282:
1272:Fitzinger L. J.
1264:
1263:
1254:
1244:
1242:
1218:Equus africanus
1212:
1199:
1191:
1173:Fauna of Africa
1164:
1137:
1102:
1063:
1022:E. a. somalicus
1018:Somali wild ass
983:
974:
950:
941:
932:
923:
914:
874:
774:Equus africanus
725:Domestic donkey
676:Somali wild ass
652:Nubian wild ass
598:Somali wild ass
583:Equus taeniopus
551:Equus africanus
528:
422:
416:
400:Somali wild ass
396:E. a. africanus
392:Nubian wild ass
390:, while in the
360:
291:Equus africanus
257:
251:
248:E. a. africanus
235:
224:
220:Equus africanus
218:
205:
101:
93:
76:
65:
61:
54:
39:Somali wild ass
17:
12:
11:
5:
3738:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3633:
3620:
3607:
3594:
3578:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3553:
3540:
3527:
3514:
3504:
3491:
3478:
3465:
3452:
3439:
3426:
3416:
3403:
3390:
3375:
3359:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3336:
3335:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3299:
3290:
3281:
3271:
3269:
3258:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3227:
3225:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3203:
3201:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3185:D. sumatrensis
3179:
3177:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3156:
3146:
3144:
3133:
3129:(Rhinoceroses)
3123:Rhinocerotidae
3119:
3118:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3083:
3074:
3068:Plains zebra (
3055:
3054:
3045:
3036:
3027:
3008:
3007:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2968:
2966:
2943:
2939:(Horse family)
2929:
2928:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2908:Laurasiatheria
2904:
2898:
2892:
2886:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2863:
2862:
2855:
2848:
2840:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2791:
2783:
2780:Equus stenonis
2775:
2767:
2759:
2751:
2741:
2733:
2725:
2717:
2709:
2701:
2693:
2685:
2677:
2674:Equus lenensis
2669:
2661:
2653:
2645:
2642:Equus gallicus
2637:
2629:
2626:Equus excelsus
2621:
2613:
2605:
2597:
2589:
2581:
2573:
2569:Equus capensis
2563:
2555:
2546:
2544:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2486:
2484:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2461:
2451:
2449:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2426:
2417:
2408:
2399:
2390:
2381:
2370:
2368:
2362:Plains zebra (
2355:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2332:
2322:
2312:
2310:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2274:
2265:
2256:
2246:
2244:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2218:
2209:
2200:
2191:
2181:
2171:
2169:
2165:Equus hemionus
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2144:
2134:
2125:
2115:
2113:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2071:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2027:
2018:
2012:
2007:
1996:
1995:External links
1993:
1990:
1989:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1947:
1921:
1895:
1888:
1870:
1850:
1847:. Animal Info.
1831:
1826:marwell.org.uk
1813:
1799:
1786:
1772:
1731:
1724:
1704:
1691:
1672:
1670:. Helm, London
1656:
1637:
1587:
1562:
1510:
1475:(7456): 74–8.
1451:
1425:
1422:(21): 261–272.
1402:
1364:
1326:
1311:
1280:
1252:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1163:
1160:
1136:
1133:
1101:
1098:
1062:
1059:
1051:Standard of Ur
982:
979:
973:
970:
947:
946:
943:
942:
938:
937:
934:
933:
929:
928:
925:
924:
920:
919:
916:
915:
911:
910:
907:
906:
890:
885:
883:
880:
879:
876:
875:
871:
870:
867:
866:
856:
853:
852:
849:
848:
835:
830:
828:
823:
821:
818:
817:
814:
813:
800:
795:
793:
790:
789:
786:
785:
769:
764:
762:
761: (asses)
751:
745:
744:
738:
735:
722:
714:
713:
710:
707:
701:Atlas wild ass
697:
689:
688:
685:
682:
673:
665:
664:
661:
658:
649:
641:
640:
637:
634:
631:
606:available name
527:
524:
415:
412:
359:
356:
324:Horn of Africa
280:
279:
275:
274:
266:
265:
242:
241:
237:
236:
225:
214:
213:
207:
206:
199:
197:
193:
192:
185:
181:
180:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
156:Perissodactyla
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
95:
94:
81:
78:
77:
59:
56:
55:
50:
47:
46:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3737:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3643:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3599:
3595:
3590:
3584:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3563:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3505:
3501:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3417:
3413:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3395:
3391:
3386:
3380:
3376:
3371:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3343:
3333:
3332:
3321:
3307:
3305:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3295:T. terrestris
3291:
3289:
3287:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3259:
3250:
3246:
3236:
3234:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3212:
3210:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3198:Ceratotherium
3194:
3188:
3186:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3164:
3162:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3134:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3109:
3105:
3091:
3089:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3004:
2999:
2995:
2993:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2961:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2944:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2872:
2861:
2856:
2854:
2849:
2847:
2842:
2841:
2838:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2666:Equus latipes
2662:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2552:Equus alaskae
2548:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2495:
2493:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2475:
2469:
2467:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2440:
2434:
2432:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2340:
2338:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2282:
2280:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2233:
2227:
2225:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2158:
2152:
2150:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2057:
2055:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1986:
1980:
1976:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1891:
1885:
1881:
1874:
1866:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1846:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1735:
1727:
1725:9780521341783
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1717:
1716:
1708:
1701:
1695:
1688:
1685:
1676:
1669:
1663:
1661:
1653:
1649:
1648:Heuglin Th. v
1641:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1602:
1600:
1598:
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1514:
1506:
1502:
1498:
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1486:
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1474:
1470:
1466:
1464:
1455:
1447:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1406:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1333:
1331:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1268:Heuglin Th. v
1261:
1259:
1257:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1197:
1194:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1106:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1030:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1000:
999:dominant male
996:
992:
987:
978:
969:
967:
963:
959:
955:
945:
944:
936:
935:
927:
926:
918:
917:
909:
908:
905:
903:
902:
897:
896:
889:
888:
882:
881:
878:
877:
869:
868:
865:
863:
862:
855:
854:
851:
850:
847:
845:
844:
834:
833:
827:
826:
820:
819:
816:
815:
812:
810:
809:
799:
798:
792:
791:
788:
787:
784:
782:
781:
776:
775:
768:
767:
760:
759:
755:
754:
750:
743:
739:
736:
733:
729:
726:
723:
720:
716:
715:
711:
708:
705:
702:
698:
695:
691:
690:
686:
683:
681:(Noack, 1884)
680:
677:
674:
671:
667:
666:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
643:
642:
639:Distribution
638:
635:
632:
629:
628:
625:
623:
619:
618:Atbarah River
615:
611:
608:thus becomes
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
584:
580:
579:
574:
569:
567:
562:
560:
559:taxonomically
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
537:
533:
523:
521:
519:
513:
509:
505:
503:
497:
495:
494:Dolichohippus
489:
485:
481:
477:
475:
469:
464:
462:
458:
457:
452:
451:
446:
445:
440:
433:
432:
426:
421:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
379:
373:
369:
364:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
322:areas of the
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
292:
287:
276:
272:
267:
264:
263:
262:
256:
255:
250:
249:
243:
238:
233:
229:
223:
221:
215:
212:
211:Binomial name
208:
204:
203:
198:
195:
194:
191:
190:
186:
183:
182:
179:
178:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
105:
100:
96:
90:
84:
79:
73:
68:
57:
53:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3705:EDGE species
3573:
3354:
3329:
3303:
3294:
3286:T. pinchaque
3285:
3276:
3264:
3232:
3220:
3208:
3196:
3184:
3174:Dicerorhinus
3172:
3161:R. sondaicus
3160:
3152:R. unicornis
3151:
3139:
3114:Ceratomorpha
3112:
3087:
3078:
3069:
3060:
3058:
3049:
3040:
3031:
3023:E. africanus
3022:
3020:
3013:
3011:
3002:
2991:
2982:
2981:Wild horse (
2973:
2971:
2949:
2922:
2793:
2785:
2778:
2769:
2764:Equus scotti
2761:
2753:
2746:
2735:
2727:
2719:
2711:
2703:
2695:
2687:
2679:
2671:
2663:
2658:Equus lambei
2655:
2647:
2639:
2631:
2623:
2615:
2607:
2599:
2591:
2583:
2575:
2568:
2560:Equus andium
2557:
2549:
2540:
2491:
2479:
2465:
2456:
2444:
2430:
2421:
2412:
2403:
2394:
2385:
2376:
2364:Equus quagga
2363:
2336:
2327:
2317:
2305:
2304:Wild horse (
2278:
2269:
2260:
2251:
2239:
2223:
2213:
2204:
2195:
2186:
2176:
2164:
2148:
2139:
2129:
2120:
2108:
2104:
2087:
2076:
2035:
2031:Equus asinus
2030:
2022:
1985:Equus asinus
1984:
1979:
1959:
1950:
1938:. Retrieved
1934:the original
1924:
1912:. Retrieved
1908:the original
1898:
1879:
1873:
1825:
1816:
1808:
1802:
1794:
1789:
1781:
1775:
1748:
1744:
1734:
1714:
1707:
1699:
1694:
1686:
1683:
1675:
1667:
1651:
1640:
1611:
1606:
1578:. Retrieved
1574:
1565:
1528:
1525:PLOS Biology
1524:
1513:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1454:
1445:
1441:
1428:
1419:
1415:
1405:
1393:. Retrieved
1389:the original
1384:
1355:. Retrieved
1351:the original
1342:
1301:
1297:Wilson, D.E.
1283:
1275:
1243:. Retrieved
1229:
1223:
1217:
1192:
1149:
1138:
1135:In captivity
1114:
1083:
1039:
1035:
1021:
1003:subordinates
988:
984:
975:
951:
899:
893:
892:
859:
858:
841:
837:
806:
802:
780:Equus asinus
778:
773:
772:
771:
756:
748:
742:domesticated
727:
703:
678:
654:
609:
582:
576:
572:
570:
565:
563:
555:Opinion 2027
550:
542:
540:
529:
515:
499:
491:
471:
467:
465:
460:
454:
448:
442:
438:
436:
429:
403:
395:
384:
312:Equus asinus
311:
295:
290:
289:
285:
283:
259:
252:
246:
245:
219:
217:
201:
200:
188:
176:
42:
41:subspecies (
18:
3456:iNaturalist
3412:agulus-esel
3379:Wikispecies
3233:D. bicornis
3062:Hippotigris
3041:E. hemionus
3003:E. caballus
2958:(including
2924:Hippomorpha
2906:Superorder
2900:Infraclass
2538:Prehistoric
2492:Equus grevy
2480:Equus grevy
2445:Equus zebra
2306:Equus ferus
2240:Equus kiang
2010:Wild Equids
1940:16 February
1930:"Zoo Basel"
1914:16 February
1904:"Zoo Basel"
1680:(in German)
1645:(in German)
1531:(8): e241.
1265:(in German)
1245:16 February
1071:Hanover Zoo
991:territories
740:Worldwide,
586:von Heuglin
581:. The name
578:nomen nudum
512:Pleistocene
502:Hippotigris
358:Description
240:Subspecies
228:von Heuglin
3659:Categories
3589:Q109646818
3304:T. indicus
3277:T. bairdii
3141:Rhinoceros
2820:Wild horse
1863:Reyes, E.
1689:: 100–115.
1448:: 151–163.
1395:8 November
1357:8 November
1189:References
995:dung heaps
633:Subspecies
444:Dinohippus
437:The genus
418:See also:
388:subspecies
368:Denver Zoo
318:and other
184:Subgenus:
85:Appendix I
3249:Tapiridae
3088:E. grevyi
3070:E. quagga
3059:Subgenus
3032:E. asinus
3012:Subgenus
2972:Subgenus
1767:0962-1083
1580:20 August
1289:Grubb, P.
1141:Zoo Basel
1110:Zoo Basel
636:Phenotype
614:lectotype
450:Plesippus
414:Evolution
232:Fitzinger
196:Species:
122:Kingdom:
116:Eukaryota
3583:Wikidata
3557:Species+
3364:Wikidata
3331:Category
3254:(Tapirs)
3209:C. simum
3079:E. zebra
3050:E. kiang
3039:Onager (
3030:Donkey (
2983:E. ferus
2902:Eutheria
2896:Mammalia
2890:Chordata
2884:Animalia
2882:Kingdom
2375:Quagga (
2326:Tarpan (
2128:Donkey (
1960:ZooBorns
1654:: 11–32.
1630:Archived
1619:Archived
1557:15974804
1497:23803765
1321:62265494
1291:(2005).
1162:See also
1047:chariots
1016:Foal of
981:Behavior
966:Holocene
904:(kiang)
737:Variable
732:Linnaeus
526:Taxonomy
508:Pliocene
372:Colorado
350:. It is
332:Ethiopia
302:family,
162:Family:
146:Mammalia
136:Chordata
132:Phylum:
126:Animalia
112:Domain:
72:IUCN 3.1
3616:8681619
3500:1006120
3448:5787168
3370:Q208140
3266:Tapirus
3222:Diceros
3048:Kiang (
2933:Equidae
2888:Phylum
2866:Extant
2810:Equidae
2543:species
2529:Zebroid
2507:Hybrids
2316:Horse (
2015:Profile
1548:1159165
1505:4318227
1477:Bibcode
1379:Staff.
1117:donkeys
1086:grasses
1079:Germany
1075:Hanover
1055:onagers
1049:on the
972:Habitat
734:, 1758)
336:Somalia
328:Eritrea
316:deserts
304:Equidae
234:, 1866)
172:Genus:
166:Equidae
152:Order:
142:Class:
87: (
70: (
3675:Asinus
3642:239428
3629:926089
3549:239419
3536:519153
3507:NZOR:
3474:926142
3435:328647
3419:ECOS:
3394:ARKive
3015:Asinus
2960:Zebras
2894:Class
2353:Zebras
2295:Horses
2005:ARKive
1886:
1765:
1751:(14).
1722:
1555:
1545:
1503:
1495:
1469:Nature
1319:
1309:
1270:&
1121:burros
1094:leaves
1092:, and
962:Arabia
960:, and
954:Sahara
758:Asinus
600:; the
596:and a
594:donkey
590:hybrid
543:asinus
498:, and
486:, and
484:onager
474:Asinus
346:, and
308:donkey
230:&
189:Asinus
3603:6866B
3523:86260
3461:74315
2975:Equus
2951:Equus
2541:Equus
2519:Kunga
2514:Hinny
2096:Asses
2077:Equus
1971:Notes
1614:(1).
1501:S2CID
1438:(PDF)
1295:. In
1129:Eilat
1043:Sumer
1007:herds
958:Egypt
630:Image
518:Equus
488:kiang
480:kulan
468:Equus
439:Equus
408:zebra
348:Libya
344:Egypt
340:Sudan
326:, in
300:horse
294:) or
177:Equus
89:CITES
83:CITES
3624:ITIS
3611:GBIF
3562:3255
3487:7949
3482:IUCN
3469:ITIS
3443:GBIF
3422:6590
2524:Mule
1942:2013
1916:2013
1884:ISBN
1763:ISSN
1720:ISBN
1582:2021
1553:PMID
1493:PMID
1397:2010
1359:2010
1317:OCLC
1307:ISBN
1247:2022
1230:2015
1119:and
1090:bark
1061:Diet
602:type
516:E. (
510:and
500:E. (
492:E. (
472:E. (
334:and
320:arid
284:The
3598:CoL
3495:MDD
3430:EoL
3407:CMS
2003:at
1753:doi
1627:PDF
1616:HTM
1543:PMC
1533:doi
1485:doi
1473:499
1234:doi
553:in
3661::
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