Afghanistan–Pakistan relations

1052: 1000:, Pakistan remained unhappy with new leaders Rabbani and Massoud, including their foreign policy of maintaining friendly relations with India as during the communist era. Pushing for a "trusted" friendly government in Afghanistan, the Pakistani intelligence started funding Hekmatyar-the only mujahideen commander not to sign the Accords-to fight against the new Afghan government in hopes that he would win and install a new government. Through Pakistani funding, Hekmatyar's forces sieged Kabul city with thousands of rockets for three years, killing thousands. However, upon realizing that Hekmatyar was unable to take power in Kabul, Pakistan looked elsewhere. The 5109: 1151: 27: 6013: 573: 4651: 1524: 1396:. A deadline of Nov.1 was announced for people to leave or face forcible expulsion. Around 1.3 million Afghans are registered refugees in Pakistan and 880,000 more have legal status to remain, according to the latest United Nations figures. On November 10, 2023, Pakistan announced that it has extended the legal residence status of registered Afghan refugees till December 31, 2023, who have Proof of Registration, or PoR, cards issued by the Government of Pakistan. 57: 5099: 1510: 5052: 5429: 4661: 1538: 46: 890: 503:(ANP), dropped its secessionist agenda and embraced the Pakistani state, leaving only a small Pakhtunkhwa Millat Party to champion the cause of independence in relation to both Pakistan and Afghanistan. Despite the weaknesses of the early secessionist movement, this period in history continues to negatively influence Pakistan-Afghanistan relations in the 21st century, in addition to the province's politics. 704: 1016:, "between 1994 and 1999, an estimated few Pakistanis volunteers trained and fought in Afghanistan" keeping the Taliban regime in power. The role of the Pakistani military during that time has been described by some international observers as a "creeping invasion" of Afghanistan. UN documents also reveal the role of Arab and Pakistani support troops in the Taliban massacre campaigns. 764: 167:, the Taliban has received substantial financial and logistical backing from Pakistan, which remains a significant source of support. Nonetheless, Pakistan's support for the Taliban is not without risks, as it involves playing a precarious and delicate game. Further Afghanistan–Pakistan tensions have arisen concerning a variety of issues, including the 159:. Afghan territorial claims over Pashtun-majority areas that are in Pakistan were coupled with discontent over the permanency of the Durand Line which has long been considered the international border by every nation other than Afghanistan, and for which Afghanistan demanded a renegotiation, with the aim of having it shifted eastward to the 1113:"If they don’t stop, the consequences will be … that the region will suffer with us equally. In the past we have suffered alone; this time everybody will suffer with us.… Any effort to divide Afghanistan ethnically or weaken it will create the same thing in the neighboring countries. All the countries in the neighborhood have the same 1188:

Relations have become more strained after the Afghan government began openly accusing Pakistan of using its ISI spy network in aiding the Taliban and other militants. Pakistan usually denies these allegations but has said in the past that it does not have full control of the actions of the ISI. There

482:

Afghanistan's policies placed a severe strain upon Pakistan–Afghan relations in the 1960s, up until the 1970s, when the Pashtunistan movement largely subsided as the population came to identify with Pakistan. The Pashtun assimilation into the Pakistani state followed years of rising Pashtun influence

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people and other ethnic groups of both countries, as well as to trade and other ties. Each of the two countries features amongst the other's largest trading partners, and Pakistan serves as a major conduit for transit trade involving landlocked Afghanistan. Currently, both countries are member states

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Hekmatyar ... had stayed on in Pakistan since 1973 and with Pakistan's incitement, his group started low level operations against the PDPA administration in 1978. Hekmatyar was openly supported by the leaders of the Pakistani Jamaat-i Islami and according to then Major-General Kamal Matinuddin 'the

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in what will be the first step for the establishment of a North–South trade corridor. The proposed agreement will provide facilities to Tajikistan to use Pakistan's Gwadar and Karachi ports for its imports and exports while Pakistan will enjoy trade with Tajikistan under terms similar to the transit

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as an instrument of policy, the government of Pakistan, and most especially the Pakistani army and ISI, jeopardizes not only the prospect of our strategic partnership but Pakistan's opportunity to be a respected nation with legitimate regional influence. They may believe that by using these proxies,

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terrorists to attack Pakistani territory. Border tensions between Afghanistan and Pakistan have escalated to an unprecedented degree following recent instances of violence along the border. The Durand Line witnesses frequent occurrences of suicide bombings, airstrikes, or street battles on an almost

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In 1988, the Soviet Union agreed to withdraw from Afghanistan, and UNHCR and the international assistance community prepared for the massive repatriation of refugees. Large-scale returns did not begin until 1992, however, when the Soviet-installed leader Najibullah was finally forced from power. No

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Relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan began deteriorating again in the 1970s when Afghanistan hosted Pashtun-Baluch militants operating against Pakistan under the leadership of National Awami Party led by Abdul Wali Khan and in retaliation Pakistan started supporting Islamist movements against

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emerged and established close relations with neighbouring Pakistan. However, the relations began to decline when the Taliban refused to endorse the Durand Line despite pressure from Islamabad, arguing that there shall be no borders among Muslims. A discussion over the Durrand Line between the-then

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in Kabul, Kandahar and Jalalabad. Pakistan retaliated by closing the border, an economic blockage. Diplomatic relations were restored in September. Again due to the Pashtunistan issue, the two countries accused each other of border mispractices in 1961. In August, the consulates in both countries

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against Pakistan. Afghanistan's immediate support of secessionist movements within Pakistan prevented normalised ties from emerging between the two states. In 1952 the government of Afghanistan published a tract in which it laid claim not only to Pashtun territory within Pakistan, but also to the

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to expand trade relations and solve the problems traders face. The APTTA agreement has taken effect after several Afghan trucks delivered fruits from Afghanistan to the Wagah border with India in June 2011. With the completion of the APTTA, the United States and other NATO states are planning to

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as a low-scale invasion. The Afghan government denied involvement, saying they were pro-Pashtunistan tribesmen. Zahir Shah mentioned in a 1952 speech the friendly feelings towards Pakistan, but that the Pashtunistan issue cannot be ignored. The 1954 military pact between Pakistan and the United

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in the past. This complicated issue is very sensitive to both the countries. The Afghan government worried that if it ever ratified the agreement, it would've permanently divided the 50 million Pashtuns and thus create a backlash in Afghanistan. Pakistan felt that the border issue had been

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Since the Taliban's inception, the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) agency has been providing them with funding, training, and weaponry. In 2017, the Pakistani military have accused Afghanistan of sheltering various terrorist groups which launch attacks into Pakistan, while Afghan

676:" and thus "the Durrani empire bears the closest resemblance to Pakistan", while others have noted that "since the Durrani Empire included the present-day Pakistan and Afghanistan, the forces of history, the principle of national self-determination, and the aspiration for the unity of Muslim 584:

says that "the initial blueprint suggested that both sides would maintain their internal autonomy, but in the matter of defense, foreign policy, foreign trade and communication, there would be a central government. The prime minister would be by rotation." He also explains the failure of the

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on the Afghanistan side of the border. The soldier was injured in a clash with militants and he was evacuated by the Pakistan military. There have been instances where Afghan soldiers injured in fighting the militants near the Pakistan Afghanistan border are sent to Pakistan for treatment.

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in Afghanistan, while negative sentiment towards the Afghan refugees is widespread in Pakistan, even in Pashtun-dominated regions. The Pakistani government has taken significant action against undocumented migrants inside the country and is expelling all the Afghan people.

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and the Soviet forces. The mujahideen included not only locals but also Arabs and others from over 40 different Islamic nations. Many of these foreign fighters married local women and decided to stay in Pakistan, among them were radical Muslims such those of Saudi-led

1472:. This is to help the local economies of Afghanistan and Pakistan by connecting South Asia with Central Asia and the Middle East. The APTTA is intended to improve trade between the two countries but Pakistan often delays Afghan-bound containers, especially after the 1271:, told Radio Pakistan that "the attack that took place in Kabul a few days ago, that was the work of the Haqqani network. There is evidence linking the Haqqani Network to the Pakistan government. This is something that must stop." Other top U.S. officials such as 1349:, it launched a diplomatic effort urging the international community to engage with the Taliban, help ease Afghanistan's humanitarian crisis and prevent it from descending into chaos again. In December 2021, foreign ministers of the 56 nations belonging to the 2115:

In his televised address on Monday, described Afghanistan and Pakistan as 'inseparable brothers' but added: 'Despite all destructions, calamities and problems, faced by both our country and Pakistan, a double-standard game and terrorism as a tool continued.

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was skeptical of a total merger, but the idea of a confederation in itself, on the other hand, was already floating around, as "the CIA report hinted that there had been some talk in Afghan and Pakistani official circles of some sort of confederation."

245:(in office 2004–2014) has described Pakistan and Afghanistan as "inseparable brothers" along with that he alleged that Pakistan uses terrorism against Afghanistan, which is due to the historical, religious, and ethnolinguistic connections between the 224:

reacted by attacking the Afghan consulate in the city following which the diplomatic relations were severed by Pakistan Diplomatic relations were cut off between 1961 and 1963 after Afghanistan supported more armed separatists in Pakistan, leading to

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rejected the idea because "an economically underdeveloped Afghanistan would not benefit Pakistan." In his diaries, in an observation dated to 9 January 1967, Ayub Khan noted that "it is people from the Punjab like Feroz Khan Noon and

4617: 368:. As a result, travel across the boundary was almost entirely halted, and the Pashtun tribes living under the British rule began to orient themselves eastward in the direction of the Indian railways. By the time of the 3493: 2271: 561:). Now, we would have a Muslim man!’." As per Kasuri, the United States supported the idea as well. He blames the failure of the project to the assassination of Daud Khan and the advent, in 1978, of the pro-Soviet 130:

led to the emergence of Pakistan along Afghanistan's eastern frontier, and the two countries have since had a strained relationship; Afghanistan was the sole country to vote against Pakistan's admission into the

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A spokesman for the Pakistani military Gen. Asif Ghafoor has said 'Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) claiming the responsibility for the attack is a proof that it was planned by terrorists based in Afghanistan.'

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Lindsey, George; Spanger, Hans-Joachim; Sirriyeh, Hussein; Gambles, Ian; Studies, International Institute for Strategic; Wittmann, Klaus; Ispahani, Mahnaz Z.; Dziedzic, Michael J.; Kunzendorff, Volker (1989).

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resulted in closure of the border. Pakistan claimed that Afghanistan is building unlawful structures on the border which violates Pakistan's territorial sovereignty. On October 6, 2023, Pakistan announced the

1448:, U.S. Special Representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan, and a number of foreign ambassadors, Afghan parliamentarians and senior officials. The APTTA allows Afghan trucks to drive inside Pakistan to the 1387:(TTP) in which two Pakistani soldiers and twelve militants were killed. Pakistan claimed that TTP militants crossed the Afghan border to attack those posts within Pakistan. A firing incident occurred near 3187:

sooner had some million and a half refugees returned, however, than Kabul descended into armed disorder as various mujahideen factions began fighting for control of the capital and the surrounding area.

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arrangement with Afghanistan. Trade between Pakistan and Afghanistan is expected to reach $ 5 billion by 2015. Afghanistan's economy is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. A 2012

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Even more than a confederation, recently declassified CIA documents point out that, in 1954, the Afghan government approached the US in order to have a merger with Pakistan, being threatened by the

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and began its long conquest with help from Pakistan. The Taliban claimed that they wanted to clean Afghanistan from the warlords and criminals. According to Pakistan and Afghanistan expert

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inked a memorandum of understanding. Under the memorandum of understanding, both nations agreed to fight terrorism together and also to share intelligence information. On 16 May 2015, the

629:(1979–1987), himself a Pashtun, "also shared Zia’s vision of a post-Soviet "Islamic Confederation" composed of Pakistan, Afghanistan, Kashmir and even the states of Soviet Central Asia." 1032:

ended abruptly. Omar called Babar, who was an ethnic Pashtun, a traitor for saying that "all problems would be resolved" should the Durrand Line be recognised by the Taliban government.

1368:, claiming to strike TTP militants operating in the porous border regions. In late 2022, Pakistan's embassy in Kabul came under attack with gunfire wounding a Pakistani security guard, 356:

Shortly after the demarcation of the Durand Line, the British began connecting the region on its side of Durand line to the vast and expansive Indian railway network. Concurrently, the

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who "regarded himself as the leader of the Pashtuns in Pakistan, and believed that the Pashtuns in Afghanistan should join Pakistan under his leadership" instead of a confederation.

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In April 2022, Islamabad urged Kabul "to secure Pak-Afghan Border region and take stern actions against the individuals involved in terrorist activities in Pakistan", and

989:, the UNHCR and the international community assisted 1.5 million Afghan refugees in returning to Afghanistan. Pakistan were also thought to have played a part in the 2565: 5087: 1494:

Cooperation between the two countries includes possible defence cooperation and intelligence sharing as well as further enhancing the two-way trade and abolishment of

139:" and conflicting claims prevented the normalization of bilateral ties between the countries throughout the mid-20th century. Various Afghan government officials and 3410: 953:

created Afghan secret intelligence agency) for terrorist attacks inside Pakistan in 1987 and 1988. With funds from the international community channeled through the

212:. They also tore down the Pakistani flag, to protest against the unification of the Pashtun-dominated North-West Frontier Province into West Pakistan as part of the 1035:

When the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan was toppled and the new Afghan government was formed, President Hamid Karzai began repeating the previous Taliban statement.

621:. Zia further explained about the Pakistan-Afghanistan confederation in which Pakistanis and Afghans could travel freely back and forth without passports." General 4481: 3982: 6133: 5417: 3467: 5095: 4307: 1197:

chasing insurgents who cross the border back and forth. This leads to tensions between the two states, especially after hearing reports of civilian casualties.

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recalled a map that Zia had also shown to him in which overlay indicated the goal of a confederation embracing first Pakistan and Afghanistan and eventually

345:. The single-page agreement, which contained seven short articles, was signed by Durand and Khan, agreeing not to exercise political interference beyond the 1606: 6058: 4267: 4160: 6208: 3282: 3019: 319:. The Pashtuns were known as (Pathans in Pakistan and India) and have lived in this region for thousands of years, since at least the 1st millennium BC. 3565: 774:

with an unnamed political personality in the background (person wearing the aviator glasses looking at the photo camera). They were the main players in

6145: 4729: 4240: 3602: 105: 5395: 2652: 2188: 4887: 4712: 4009: 2304: 2132: 1393: 1346: 442:

of Pakistan, in an attempt to take advantage of Pakistan's post-independence instability. Firstly, it strongly aligned itself with Pakistan's rival,

383:, and not a united Afghanistan – highlighting the extent to which infrastructure and instability began to erode the Pashtun self-identification with 4456: 6083: 5367: 4925: 4632: 1405: 1008:, and the Pakistani intelligence threw its weight behind the new movement. Around September 1994, the Taliban movement captured the Afghan city of 475: 259: 209: 4787: 626: 3912: 5382: 5235: 5080: 5033: 5028: 4681: 2956: 1951: 1551: 1020: 938: 859: 102: 4060: 3639: 6203: 5837: 5571: 4755: 4429: 4109: 3851: 3668: 3624: 1245:

they are hedging their bets or redressing what they feel is an imbalance in regional power. But in reality, they have already lost that bet."

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Masoud, an ethnic Tajik, studied engineering before the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan and then moved to Pakistan for military training.

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Some analysts have noted that present-day Pakistan and Afghanistan have already been amalgamated into a single geographical unit during the

26: 6053: 4035: 930:

as well as prisoners from Arab countries. Relations between the two countries remained hostile during the Soviet-Afghan War. Afghan leader

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from 2008 onward, concluding that Afghanistan and Pakistan should be the aim of common security policies considering their similarities.

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took place across Afghanistan. This led to the United States warning Pakistan of a possible military action against the Haqqanis in the

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and others. Also in the same year, the Afghanistan–Pakistan skirmishes intensified and many large scale attacks by the Pakistani-based

241:

in 1973, Afghanistan—with Soviet support—again pursued a policy of arming Pashtun separatists within Pakistan. Former Afghan President

4086: 3833: 6186: 5073: 4983: 1974: 1556: 462:. A serious incident took place on September 30, 1950, when Pakistan claimed Afghan troops had crossed into their territory near the 2892: 1739: 467:

States concerned Afghanistan and India, and it brought Afghanistan closer to the Soviet Union but whilst maintaining non-alignment.

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In recent months, at least four countries — China, Pakistan, Russia and Turkmenistan — have accredited Taliban-appointed diplomats

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resolved before its birth in 1947. This unmanagable border has always served as the main trade route between Afghanistan and the

3883: 2437: 1712: 1685: 557:"as the constitutional Head of State", proclaiming that "after all, for some time after independence, we had a Christian Queen ( 6244: 6229: 6224: 5403: 5230: 5210: 5003: 1299: 1279:

made similar statements. Despite all of this, Afghan President Hamid Karzai labelled Pakistan as Afghanistan's "twin brother".

522: 3222: 2691: 2072: 1796: 1345:, Pakistani PM Imran Khan describing it as Afghans breaking "the shackles of slavery". Although Pakistan still not officially 1181:, the Taliban spokesman. During his interrogation which was recorded, Hanif claimed that the Taliban leader was being kept in 6181: 6043: 5942: 5842: 5215: 3248: 3076: 3052: 2833: 2572: 2377: 2018: 1414:(MoU) was reached between Pakistan and Afghanistan for the Afghan-Pak Transit Trade Agreement (APTTA), which was observed by 1369: 1257: 1178: 754: 4772: 5566: 5322: 5240: 5220: 5185: 5150: 4807: 2781: 1441: 1264: 1144: 838:

in September 1979. After the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979, the United States joined Pakistan to counter

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Neither a Hawk Nor a Dove: An Insider's Account of Pakistan's Foreign Relations Including Details of the Kashmir Framework

1294:, and reiterated allegations that those elements had support and presence across the border in Pakistan. Afghan President 722: 714: 5989: 5984: 5786: 5746: 5505: 5205: 5165: 4527: 2486: 2337: 2001: 1900: 1766: 1491:

Towards the end of the same year, both the governments of Afghanistan and Pakistan drafted plans to talk to the Taliban.

1353:, along with Taliban delegates, gathered in Islamabad. The meeting focused on Afghanistan's humanitarian crisis. But the 1350: 1229: 1190: 828: 758: 301: 251: 6138: 3321: 2459: 5963: 5932: 5902: 5761: 5736: 5721: 5425: 5362: 5190: 4882: 4777: 3471: 2995: 2241: 2213: 1806: 918: 4293: 309: 6191: 6128: 6088: 6078: 5994: 5796: 5771: 5681: 5676: 5609: 5599: 5372: 5271: 5261: 5245: 4832: 4724: 4707: 4676: 4311: 4209: 3716: 2496: 2251: 2223: 2082: 2055: 2028: 1984: 1776: 1749: 1722: 1695: 816: 771: 740: 610: 586: 255: 192: 82: 1429:(PR), which has been in the making since at least 2005. In October 2010, the landmark APTTA agreement was signed by 1372:

claims responsibility for the attack, Pakistan asked the attack to be thoroughly probed by the Taliban authorities.

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have all come into line", explaining the interconnected geopolitics of both countries, its latest example being the

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Pakistan-Afghanistan Nuclear Sectarian Policy emerges after Benazir Bhutto Nuclear Sectarian policy with Iran leaks

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report added, "In contrast, Afghanistan’s economy grew robustly by about 11 percent mostly due to a good harvest."

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has not formally accepted the Durand Line as the international border between the two states, claiming that the

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Shortly after Pakistan gained independence in 1947, Afghanistan crafted a two-fold strategy to destabilize the

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in humanitarian assistance to the refugees. There were no regular schools provided for the refugees but only

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A Century of Crisis and Conflict in the International System: Theory and Evidence: Intellectual Odyssey III

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and other militant groups who stage attacks inside Afghanistan. The American government decided to rely on

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refused to improve relations with Pakistan due to their refusal to formally recognize the PDPA government.

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Nadiri, Khalid Homayun. "Old Habits, New Consequences: Pakistan's Posture toward Afghanistan since 2001."

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insurgent groups who crossed back and forth. Pakistan became a major training ground for roughly 250,000

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Gartenstein-Ross, Daveed, and Tara Vassefi. "The forgotten history of Afghanistan-Pakistan relations."

1154: 1087: 847: 77: 2305:"Pakistan announces big crackdown on migrants in the country illegally, including 1.7 million Afghans" 1298:

stated that Pakistan has instigated an "undeclared war of aggression" against the country. Pakistan's

541:, a politician who also served as an ambassador to Afghanistan, talked about this process in his book 6255: 6171: 5018: 4745: 2863: 2849: 1140: 484: 287: 4561: 2964: 2638: 6176: 5008: 4920: 4802: 3587: 1201: 1099: 1055: 990: 238: 4104: 1822: 6250: 6093: 4537: 1388: 1250: 1162: 419: 266: 4607: 1925: 179:, but most of all the Taliban government in Afghanistan providing sanctuary and safe havens to 4993: 4812: 2720:

Jonathan L. Lee "Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present", page 132, page 134, page 124

2189:"Pakistan wants millions of Afghan refugees gone. It's a humanitarian crisis waiting to happen" 1095: 518: 517:

In order to solve the disputes, mainly centered around the borders issue with the Durand line,

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Raza, Muhammad Amjad, and Ghulam Mustufa. "Indo-Afghan Relations: Implications for Pakistan."

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Dynamics of Political Development in Afghanistan: The British, Russian, and American Invasions

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and Pakistan and others are not fooling anyone" when it comes to interfering in his country.

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closed and relations were broken in September 1961. The situation wasn't defused until 1965.

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shared a common enemy, as Zia was the one supporting attacks against the Afghan government.

5377: 3958:"4 soldiers martyred during operation to repulse terrorists in Chitral's Kalash area: ISPR" 3145: 1342: 1217: 1091: 687: 500: 392: 342: 4602: 3340: 1357:(TTP) attacks lead to growing tension between the Afghan Taliban government and Pakistan. 8: 3573: 3327: 3004: 2770:

Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate: Covert Action and Internal Operations

2433: 2136: 1464: 1221: 986: 902: 883: 871: 835: 831: 824: 800: 796: 622: 606: 594: 566: 530: 525:(2002–2007), says that "at one time serious efforts were made at government level for an 455: 283: 234: 229:

between the two states earlier in 1960, and Pakistan's subsequent closure of the port of

217: 172: 140: 3223:"Post-Soviet Pakistani Interference in Afghanistan: How and Why | Middle East Institute" 2341: 184:

daily basis. The Taliban-led Afghan government has also accused Pakistan of undermining

6260: 4897: 3130: 2653:"Breakthrough or Breakdown? U.S.-Pakistan Military Alliance of 1954 | Page 3 of 6" 2620: 2098: 1529: 1437: 1361: 1205: 1170: 1166: 1136: 966: 914: 804: 799:, and encouraged the Islamists to rise up against the government. The figures included 649: 637: 451: 439: 376: 297: 164: 144: 127: 97: 2429: 917:

fighters who began crossing into Afghanistan on a daily basis to wage war against the

866:(PIA) plane. Al-Zulfiqar was a Pakistani left-wing organisation formed in 1977 by Mir 4855: 4817: 4588:

Former British Commander Cautions Taliban May Get Control of Pakistan Nuclear Weapons

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The Durand Line border has been used in the last decade as the main supply route for

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began to rise up in arms against the British, creating a zone of instability between

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On September 6, 2023, two military posts located close to the Afghanistan border in

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have made irredentist claims to large swathes of Pakistan's territory in modern-day

6166: 4860: 4702: 3308: 2405: 2267: 1641: 1376: 1318:, and for basing terrorist camps within Pakistani territory to target Afghanistan. 1072: 997: 767: 581: 459: 3983:"Main Afghan-Pakistan border crossing closed as forces exchange fire, sources say" 3199: 1624:

Mohammad Shokaib was appointed first secretary or charge d'affaires at the embassy

450:. Secondly, it politically and financially backed secessionist politicians in the 191:

Shortly after Pakistani independence, Afghanistan materially supported the failed

135:

following the latter's independence. Territorial disputes along the widely known "

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The Pashtun Question The Unresolved Key to the Future of Pakistan and Afghanistan

3640:"TTP claiming Peshawar attack is a proof it was planned in Afghanistan: Pak army" 3569: 3289: 2893:"Taliban Will Control Afghanistan With Support From Pakistan, Says Leaked Report" 1543: 1515: 1495: 1418: 1291: 1272: 1225: 1080: 878:

that ousted Bhutto. After March 1981 Al-Zulfiqar claimed no further attacks. The

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The Taliban Revival: Violence and Extremism on the Pakistan-Afghanistan Frontier

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in Pakistan, many prominent Afghan figures began being assassinated, including

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that we have, so they should know that it is a different ball game this time."

572: 6288: 4010:"Pakistan says Afghanistan building 'unlawful structures' along tense border" 3170: 2468: 2283: 1380: 931: 879: 538: 471: 3834:"Taliban have broken 'the shackles of slavery,' says Pakistan PM Imran Khan" 2243:

The impact of strategic defences on European-American relations in the 1990s

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movement had just formed with the help of then-Pakistani Interior Minister,

529:", precising that these initiatives were taken during the time of President 5446: 5038: 4978: 4352: 2272:"Pakistan targets Afghan Pashtuns and refugees in anti-terrorism crackdown" 1433: 1295: 1276: 1114: 1102: 1065: 1058: 1044: 1013: 996:

Although the victorious mujahideen formed a government in 1992 through the

982: 958: 839: 648:(1747–1826). For instance, scholar Muhammad Shamsuddin Siddiqi says that " 633: 614: 558: 534: 407: 357: 242: 205: 196: 152: 4430:"Meets Ghani, Abdullah: Gen Raheel offers to train Afghan security forces" 1607:"Afghan Taliban appoint new envoy to run embassy in neighbouring Pakistan" 220:

and bussed to the site.The Afghan police did not intervene, Pakistanis in

4961: 4650: 4061:"Pakistan Pledges 'Phased, Orderly' Eviction of Unlawful Afghan Migrants" 3200:"Afghan Leader Najib Rebounds Solidly After Coup Attempt - CSMonitor.com" 2218:. Brassey's for the International Institute for Strategic Studies. 1990. 1952:"Taliban accuse Pakistan of sowing 'distrust' between Afghanistan, China" 1581: 1302:

spokesman, Nafees Zakaria rejected the Afghan allegations as "baseless".

1194: 1076: 1025: 898: 855: 673: 384: 365: 331: 279: 160: 136: 119: 61: 2801:, Area Study Centre (Central Asia), University of Peshawar (1990), p. 26 2624: 1509: 533:, generally considered to be anti-Pakistan for his galvanization of the 175:, water-sharing rights, and a continuously warming relationship between 4551:

Pakistan on the Brink: The future of Pakistan, Afghanistan and the West

3931:"Pakistan: Clashes Near Afghan Border Kill 4 Soldiers, 12 'Terrorists'" 3852:"Taliban Takeover of Afghanistan Seen as 'Rude Awakening' for Pakistan" 3411:"President Karzai Address to the Nation on Afghanistan's Peace Efforts" 2524:"Carnegie Papers – Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations in the Post-9/11 Era" 1485: 1480: 1290:(NDS) claimed that the blast was planned by the Afghan insurgent group 910: 875: 851: 783: 488: 432: 427: 94: 819:

Daoud Khan was assassinated in Kabul during the self-declared Marxist

6198: 4930: 3441: 1469: 602:

who keep on emphasizing to me the need to make up with Afghanistan."

411: 403: 3957: 3760: 3695: 3301: 216:

policy. The protestors were stirred up by the Afghan Prime Minister

5428: 4660: 2666:

Quiet Diplomacy: From Cairo to Tokyo in the Twilight of Imperialism

2246:. Brassey's for the International Institute for Strategic Studies. 1009: 962: 923: 653: 590: 483:

in Pakistani politics and the nation's bureaucracy, culminating in

361: 346: 221: 213: 156: 123: 50: 4542:

Paliwal, Avinash. "Pakistan–Afghanistan Relations Since 2001." in

4087:"Government, UNHCR verify 1.3 million Afghan refugees in Pakistan" 5013: 4546:

ed by Christophe Jaffrelot; (Columbia UP, 2016) pp. 191–218.

4134:"Pakistan Extends Stay of 1.4 Million Registered Afghan Refugees" 2692:"PAKISTAN NATIONAL AWAMI PARTY: NATURE AND DIRECTION OF POLITICS" 2430:"A Selection of Historical Maps of Afghanistan – The Durand Line" 1637:"Russia Latest Country to Establish Diplomatic Ties With Taliban" 1611: 1479:

In July 2012, Afghanistan and Pakistan agreed to extend APTTA to

1453: 1315: 1311: 1001: 978: 974: 889: 661: 618: 576:

The Durrani Empire at its maximum extent under Ahmad Shah Abdali.

230: 3696:"Afghanistan will never recognise the Durand Line: Hamid Karzai" 3542:"Clinton Presses Pakistan to Help Fight Haqqani Insurgent Group" 3303:

Do the Afghan Taliban and Pakistan get on as well as some think?

1090:

in Afghanistan has close relations with the Pashtun Nationalist

957:(UNHCR), Pakistan hosted over 3 million Afghans at various 858:– a Pakistani leftist terrorist group responsible for the March 842:

influence and advance its own interests in the region. In turn,

458:, had an anti-Pakistan speech which was condemned by Pakistan's 5024:

United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan

4457:"First group of Afghan army cadets arrives for training at PMA" 3884:"Pakistan warns Afghanistan's Taliban not to shelter militants" 3866:"Changed situation: On Pakistan's frustration with the Taliban" 1457: 1236:

and its ISI spy network as the masterminds behind all of this.

1182: 1039:"A line of hatred that raised a wall between the two brothers." 763: 665: 391:, popular opinion among Pashtuns was in support of joining the 4524:

Pakistan and the Emergence of Islamic Militancy in Afghanistan

3603:"Ghani Says Afghanistan Hit by 'Undeclared War' From Pakistan" 3413:. The Embassy of Afghanistan in Washington, DC. Archived from 2988:

Pakistan and the Emergence of Islamic Militancy in Afghanistan

2828:(Second ed.). Islamabad: Sufi Publications. p. 748. 4973: 2238: 1576: 1449: 1185:

under the protection of the ISI. Pakistan denied the claims.

683: 678: 657: 553:

both agreed with the plans, the former also agreeing to take

443: 415: 369: 4783:

1995 attack on the Embassy of Pakistan in Kabul, Afghanistan

2164:"Afghanistan Reacts Angrily to Pakistan's Fencing of Border" 1421:. The two states also signed an MoU for the construction of 1306:

authorities have blamed Pakistan's intelligence agency, the

499:

of Pakistan. The largest nationalist party of the time, the

6068: 4608:

Afghanistan-Pakistan Drug Trafficking and Aviation Business

4334:"Afghan-Pakistan Trade Transit Deal Extended to Tajikistan" 2697:. Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad: Department of History. 1976:

Soviet-Pakistan Relations and Post-Soviet Dynamics, 1947–92

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the progressive and Soviet-influenced Afghan government of

669: 625:, considered Zia's right-hand man and more importantly the 447: 2611:"[CHRONOLOGY, 9 OCTOBER 1952 - 22 OCTOBER 1952]". 308:

regions in Pakistan. This entire area is inhabited by the

4613:

Afghanistan-Pakistan Drug Sales in International Airports

4603:

Afghanistan, Pakistan as chef, logistics driver for drugs

4412:"Afghanistan, Pakistan Draft Plan for Talks With Taliban" 4308:"Millions of books for Afghan students stuck in Pakistan" 3798:"Afghan soldier returns home after treatment in Pakistan" 3625:"Afghanistan blames Pakistan and Taliban for Kabul blast" 3520:"U.S. links Pakistan to group it blames for Kabul attack" 2099:"Karzai accuses Pakistan of 'double game' over militants" 2071:

Fair, C. Christine; Watson, Sarah J. (18 February 2015).

1901:"Border tensions between Afghanistan, Pakistan intensify" 1875:"Can Afghanistan Sort Out Its Cross-Border Water Issues?" 1394:

deportation of 1.7 million undocumented Afghan immigrants

950: 188:

and creating discord between the neighbouring countries.

4598:

Pakistan Ranked 1st in Muslim Countries Nuclear Business

3020:"Reinforcing the Mujahideen: Origins of Jihadi Manpower" 2757:

US-Pakistan Relationship: Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

2215:

The Strategic Implications of Change in the Soviet Union

2020:

US-Pakistan Relationship: Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

977:

in which students were trained to become members of the

636:'s economic envelopment. Pakistan's then Prime Minister 341:

of Afghanistan for fixing the limit of their respective

4386:"Afghanistan economy growth strong in 2012: World Bank" 3956:

Khan, Iftikhar Shirazi | Murad Ali (6 September 2023).

1798:

Use of Force: The Practice of States Since World War II

474:

provinces, and on March 30, 1955, Afghan demonstrators

398:

Pakistan inherited the Durand Line agreement after its

3171:"Afghan Refugees: Current Status and Future Prospects" 2744:

Diaries of Field Marshal Mohammad Ayub Khan, 1966–1972

2003:

Some major Pukhtoon tribes along the Pak-Afghan border

1075:

during a US-Afghan-Pakistan Trilateral meeting at the

322:

The Durand Line border was established after the 1893

4999:

Inter-Services Intelligence activities in Afghanistan

4036:"Pakistan seeks orderly departure of illegal Afghans" 3496:. Associated Press. 23 September 2011. Archived from 3462: 3460: 3103:"F.B.I. Allowed to Investigate Crash That Killed Zia" 3044:

Afghanistan's Political Stability: A Dream Unrealised

1714:

Afghanistan's Political Stability: A Dream Unrealised

1687:

Afghanistan's Political Stability: A Dream Unrealised

1399: 1333:

launched an operation to save the life of an injured

834:

in April 1979 and the assassination of Afghan leader

4294:"Coalition eyes "silk road" to boost Afghan economy" 3437:"Panetta: U.S. will pursue Pakistan-based militants" 3367:"Pakistan rejects Taliban spokesman's claim on Omar" 1505: 985:

began leaving Afghanistan, during the presidency of

893:

Pakistan side near the Afghanistan–Pakistan border.

210:

attacked the embassy and the ambassador's residence

6146:International Nathiagali Summer College on Physics 4730:Pakistan and Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan peace talks 3913:"Pakistani embassy in Kabul attacked, one injured" 3457: 2782:"Kabul sought Pakistan-Afghanistan merger in 1954" 2678:Conflict in Afghanistan: A Historical Encyclopedia 1823:"Pakistan's Support for the Taliban: What to Know" 1452:border with India, and also to the port cities of 585:proposition : Iskandar Mirza was replaced by 292:Southern and eastern Afghanistan is predominately 4582:Islamist Networks: The Afghan-Pakistan Connection 4568:Modern Afghanistan: The Impact of 40 Years of War 3669:"Afghan leader slams Pakistan over Kabul attacks" 6286: 6084:South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation 4941:Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India Pipeline 3494:"Pakistan condemns US comments about spy agency" 3385:"Push launched against Haqqanis in border areas" 2613:Chronology of International Events and Documents 1463:In November 2010, the two states formed a joint 1232:. The U.S. blamed Pakistan's government, mainly 1193:, which usually occur when army soldiers are in 454:in the 1960s. In January 1950, the Afghan king, 260:South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation 4788:2003 attack on the Embassy of Pakistan in Kabul 3563:Pakistan a twin brother, talks to go on: Karzai 2814:, London Institute of South Asia (2005), p. 315 2546: 2544: 1741:Partition and Anglo-Pakistan relations, 1947–51 349:line between Afghanistan and what was then the 5034:United Nations Security Council Resolution 647 5029:United Nations Security Council Resolution 622 4268:"Pakistan to resolve Afghan traders' problems" 2452: 1899:International, Asian News (27 November 2022). 1552:List of ambassadors of Afghanistan to Pakistan 782:program to arm and finance the multi-national 470:The Afghan government denounced the merger of 151:, which complete the traditional homeland of " 6129:Foreign deployments of the Pakistani military 5411: 5081: 4633: 4161:"Pakistan, Afghanistan ink MoU on rail links" 3816:"Afghan soldier returns home after treatment" 3601:Kay, Chris; Najafizada, Eltaf (6 June 2017). 3600: 3468:"U.S. blames Pakistan agency in Kabul attack" 3403: 2943:"START | Terrorist Organization Profile" 2918:"START | Terrorist Organization Profile" 2266: 2047:Afghan Modern: The History of a Global Nation 1898: 955:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 476:attacked the Pakistani embassy and consulates 4926:Afghanistan–Pakistan Transit Trade Agreement 4482:"Reports: Kabul may consider Pakistan offer" 4363:"Pakistan to release more Taliban prisoners" 4241:"Afghan-Pakistan chamber of commerce set up" 3470:. Reuters. 22 September 2011. Archived from 3283:The Unholy Durand Line, Buffering the Buffer 3257: 2689: 2541: 1406:Afghanistan–Pakistan Transit Trade Agreement 1366:air raids across its border with Afghanistan 909:in Afghanistan, including a large number of 435:, especially for supplies into Afghanistan. 3761:"ISI, Afghan intelligence in landmark deal" 2711:, Oxford University Press (2015), chapter 6 2340:on Afghanistan. August 2008. Archived from 2126: 2124: 6209:Terrorist attacks on embassies of Pakistan 6069:European Organization for Nuclear Research 6025: 5418: 5404: 5088: 5074: 4946:Mazar-i-Sharif-Kabul-Peshawar railway line 4793:2010 attack on Pakistan ambassador to Iran 4768:Pakistan International Airlines Flight 326 4640: 4626: 4239:Siddiqui, Abdul Qadir (29 November 2010). 3217: 3215: 2070: 1790: 1788: 4300: 4266:Siddiqui, Abdul Qadir (5 December 2010). 4187:"Pak-Afghan bus and rail links discussed" 2799:The Geo-political imperatives of Pakistan 2421: 2133:"Landmark trade pact inked with Pakistan" 2050:. Harvard University Press. p. 182. 1849:"What does Pakistan want in Afghanistan?" 1847:Shaikh, Najmuddin A. (27 December 2011). 1711:Qassem, Dr Ahmad Shayeq (28 March 2013). 1684:Qassem, Dr Ahmad Shayeq (28 March 2013). 870:, son of former Pakistani Prime Minister 854:agencies played their role by supporting 741:Learn how and when to remove this message 589:, after a coup d'état in 1958, an ethnic 506: 375:, prominent Pashtun nationalists such as 265:However, there is considerable amount of 4828:2022 Pakistani airstrikes in Afghanistan 4265: 4238: 3899:"The Taliban's Many Problematic Borders" 3693: 3292:by Dr. G. Rauf Roashan. August 11, 2001. 3234: 3232: 2517: 2515: 2121: 1794: 1679: 1677: 1347:recognizes the Taliban's Islamic Emirate 1189:have been a number of reports about the 1149: 1050: 888: 823:. This was followed by the execution of 762: 571: 6151:Pakistan Technical Assistance Programme 5445: 5056:Category:Afghanistan–Pakistan relations 4207: 4033: 3717:"Deterioration in Pak-Afghan Relations" 3377: 3276: 3263: 3212: 2985: 2979: 2957:"Pakistan Knocking at the Nuclear Door" 2746:, Oxford University Press (2007), p. 47 2484: 2130: 1999: 1795:Weisburd, Arthur Mark (25 April 1997). 1785: 1143:, which began to negatively affect the 523:Minister of Foreign Affairs of Pakistan 521:, a veteran diplomat who served as the 513:Afghanistan–Pakistan Confederation plan 379:advocated unity with the nearly formed 186:relations between Afghanistan and China 6287: 5004:Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism 4751:Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes 4682:Ambassadors of Afghanistan to Pakistan 4383: 4365:. Pajhwok Afghan News. 1 December 2012 3074: 3040: 3022:. The Jamestown Foundation. 9 May 2006 2937: 2935: 2890: 2596:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2393: 2037: 2016: 1872: 1846: 1737: 1710: 1683: 1567:Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes 1177:In 2007, Afghan intelligence captured 778:, the code name for the United States 6110: 6024: 5444: 5399: 5315: 5069: 4621: 4580:Zahab, Mariam Abou, and Olivier Roy. 4514:Yale Journal of International Affairs 4310:. Pajhwok Afghan News. Archived from 4270:. Pajhwok Afghan News. Archived from 4243:. Pajhwok Afghan News. Archived from 4163:. Pajhwok Afghan News. Archived from 4158: 3387:. Pajhwok Afghan News. Archived from 3238: 3229: 2759:, Taylor & Francis (2017), p. 100 2521: 2512: 2427: 2043: 1972: 1764: 1674: 1604: 1557:Afghanistan–Pakistan sports rivalries 1258:Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 811:students' political society- and the 273: 4808:February 2017 Lahore suicide bombing 4474: 4454: 3955: 3777: 3100: 3075:Kaplan, Robert D. (23 August 1989). 2949: 2823: 2817: 2440:from the original on 6 February 2011 2365: 2359: 2077:. University of Pennsylvania Press. 1498:for diplomats from the two nations. 697: 118:refer to the bilateral ties between 6059:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation 4007: 3579: 3266:"Taliban massacres outlined for UN" 3243:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 288. 3163: 2932: 2680:by Frank Clements, Ludwig W. Adamec 2639:"U.S-Pakistan Military Cooperation" 2338:Library of Congress Country Studies 2323: 2161: 2131:Muzhary, Fazal (October 28, 2010). 1562:Afghanistan–Pakistan border barrier 1351:Organization of Islamic Cooperation 1230:Federally Administered Tribal Areas 693: 402:in 1947 but there has never been a 302:Federally Administered Tribal Areas 252:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation 13: 6300:Bilateral relations of Afghanistan 6064:North Atlantic Treaty Organisation 4778:1994 Peshawar school bus hijacking 4499: 4189:. Pajhwok Afghan News. 2 July 2005 4159:Kakar, Javed Hamim (7 July 2010). 4105:"Proof of Registration Card (PoR)" 3341:"Mullah Omar 'hiding in Pakistan'" 3127:Pakistan Restricts Afghan Refugees 2270:; Khan, Haq Nawaz (3 March 2017). 1400:Afghan-Pak Transit Trade Agreement 713:tone or style may not reflect the 14: 6316: 6089:Economic Cooperation Organization 6079:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation 4833:2023 Chitral cross-border attacks 4725:Six plus Two Group on Afghanistan 4708:Economic Cooperation Organization 4677:Embassy of Afghanistan, Islamabad 4384:Haseeb, Meena (16 January 2013). 4220:from the original on 13 June 2013 3778:Says, Sana Ullah (16 June 2015). 3694:Siddiqui, Naveed (5 March 2017). 2485:Brecher, Michael (25 July 2017). 2372:. Sarup & Sons. p. 273. 1873:Mashal, Mujib (2 December 2012). 1605:Ahmad, Jibran (29 October 2021). 993:against Najibullah's government. 772:Charlie Wilson (Texas politician) 755:War in Afghanistan (1978–present) 652:'s empire with its power base in 609:too was for such confederation. " 256:Economic Cooperation Organization 83:Embassy of Afghanistan, Islamabad 6011: 5427: 5107: 5104:Foreign relations of Afghanistan 5097: 5051: 5050: 4905:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 4659: 4649: 4448: 4422: 4404: 4377: 4326: 4286: 4259: 4232: 4201: 4179: 4152: 4126: 4097: 4079: 4053: 4034:Shahzad, Asif (6 October 2023). 4027: 4001: 3975: 3949: 3923: 3905: 3896: 3890: 3077:"How Zia's Death Helped the U.S" 2990:. Ashgate Pub Ltd. p. 105. 2891:Craggs, Ryan (1 February 2012). 2824:Sufi, Juma Khan (19 June 2020). 2619:(20): 613–643. 24 October 2023. 1949: 1930:education.nationalgeographic.org 1536: 1522: 1508: 1327:National Directorate of Security 1288:National Directorate of Security 882:and Pakistani military dictator 874:. Its goal was to overthrow the 723:guide to writing better articles 702: 55: 44: 25: 6305:Bilateral relations of Pakistan 6237:Diplomatic missions of Pakistan 4773:1990 Afghan coup d'état attempt 4455:Khan, Tahir (5 February 2015). 3876: 3858: 3844: 3826: 3808: 3790: 3771: 3753: 3735: 3709: 3687: 3661: 3631: 3617: 3594: 3588:"Deadly Truck Bomb Rocks Kabul" 3585: 3556: 3534: 3512: 3486: 3429: 3359: 3333: 3315: 3295: 3192: 3138: 3120: 3094: 3068: 3034: 3012: 2963:. 30 March 1987. Archived from 2910: 2884: 2856: 2842: 2804: 2791: 2775: 2762: 2749: 2736: 2723: 2714: 2701: 2683: 2671: 2659: 2645: 2631: 2604: 2558: 2478: 2297: 2260: 2232: 2206: 2181: 2155: 2091: 2064: 2010: 1993: 1966: 1943: 1918: 1892: 1866: 1840: 1444:. The ceremony was attended by 1191:Afghanistan–Pakistan skirmishes 969:. The United States and others 864:Pakistan International Airlines 759:Afghanistan–Pakistan skirmishes 545:, and says that Prime Minister 6295:Afghanistan–Pakistan relations 4883:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) 4656:Afghanistan–Pakistan relations 4208:Landler, Mark (18 July 2010). 3576:. Sujoy Dhar. October 5, 2011. 2812:Authentic voices of South Asia 2428:Smith, Cynthia (August 2004). 2331:"Country Profile: Afghanistan" 2074:Pakistan's Enduring Challenges 1973:Malik, Hafeez (27 July 2016). 1815: 1758: 1731: 1704: 1660: 1629: 1598: 1021:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 686:doctrine, theorized under the 389:Pakistan independence movement 116:Afghanistan–Pakistan relations 20:Pakistan–Afghanistan relations 1: 6111: 5434:Foreign relations of Pakistan 4936:Khyber Pass Economic Corridor 4798:2014 Peshawar school massacre 3544:. Fox News. 18 September 2011 3205:The Christian Science Monitor 3101:Pear, Robert (25 June 1989). 2920:. Start.umd.edu. 1 March 2008 2797:Muḥammad Shamsuddīn Ṣiddīqī, 2017:Hilali, A. Z. (5 July 2017). 2000:Hussain, S. Iftikhar (2000). 1592: 1587:Khyber Pass Economic Corridor 1135:in Afghanistan as well as by 296:-speaking, like the adjacent 4878:Afghan Civil War (1996–2001) 4873:Afghan Civil War (1992–1996) 4390:The Khaama Press News Agency 3522:. Reuters. 17 September 2011 3323:Pakistan's Ethnic Fault Line 3007:gave him maximum support...' 1827:Council on Foreign Relations 1765:Misra, Kashi Prasad (1981). 1474:2011 NATO attack in Pakistan 971:provided billions of dollars 7: 6230:Minister of Foreign Affairs 6225:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 6139:Foreign military assistance 6054:International Monetary Fund 4823:2021 anti-Pakistan protests 4338:The Gazette of Central Asia 3129:by Donatella Lorch for the 1717:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 1690:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 1501: 1442:Afghan Ministry of Commerce 1431:Pakistani Commerce Minister 1412:Memorandum of understanding 1323:Inter-Services Intelligence 1265:U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan 780:Central Intelligence Agency 656:, and later transferred to 193:armed secessionist movement 173:Afghan refugees in Pakistan 10: 6321: 4687:Embassy of Pakistan, Kabul 4544:Pakistan at the Crossroads 2788:. Retrieved 21 April 2019. 2772:, Routledge (2016), p. 119 2193:Public Radio International 2162:Gul, Ayaz (5 April 2017). 1738:Sohail, Massarrat (1991). 1423:rail tracks in Afghanistan 1403: 752: 510: 495:– all Pashtuns, attaining 277: 204:. On 30 March 1955, a pro- 128:partition of British India 78:Embassy of Pakistan, Kabul 6256:Foreign trade of Pakistan 6217: 6172:Bangladesh Liberation War 6159: 6122:Diplomacy and initiatives 6121: 6117: 6106: 6034: 6020: 6009: 5977: 5951: 5815: 5582: 5529: 5458: 5454: 5440: 5355: 5335: 5254: 5143: 5117: 5047: 5019:Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan 4954: 4913: 4841: 4746:Insurgency in Balochistan 4738: 4695: 4669: 4560:84.Summer (2019): 53–79. 2461:Electoral History of NWFP 2044:Crews, Robert D. (2015). 1341:After the Afghan Taliban 288:Pakistanis in Afghanistan 233:to Afghan transit trade. 93: 88: 76: 71: 67: 54: 43: 33: 24: 6134:UN peacekeeping missions 5009:Pashtun Tahafuz Movement 4921:Afghanistan Oil Pipeline 4803:2015 Camp Badaber attack 4340:. Satrapia. 23 July 2012 3264:Newsday (October 2001). 2986:Hussain, Rizwan (2005). 2733:, Springer (2010), p. 61 2707:Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri, 2522:Grare, Frédéric (2006). 2401:"Afghan and Afghanistan" 2023:. Taylor & Francis. 1202:death of Osama bin Laden 315:who belong to different 239:President of Afghanistan 6251:Foreign aid to Pakistan 6094:Commonwealth of Nations 4566:Shahrani, M Nazif, ed. 3568:7 November 2011 at the 3239:Maley, William (2009). 3150:Encyclopædia Britannica 3047:. Ashgate. p. 78. 2868:Encyclopædia Britannica 2529:. carnegieendowment.org 2409:. alamahabibi.com. 1969 1416:U.S. Secretary of State 1389:Torkham border crossing 267:anti-Pakistan sentiment 5838:Bosnia and Herzegovina 5343:Diplomatic missions of 4813:Sehwan suicide bombing 4536:39.2 (2014): 132–168. 4534:International Security 4484:. UPI. 29 January 2013 3743:"NDS and ISI Sign MoU" 3326:by Selig S. Harrison, 2135:. Kabul, Afghanistan: 1262: 1174: 1125: 1096:Pakistan Peoples Party 1083: 1049: 991:attempted coup in 1990 897:During the 1980s, the 894: 791: 577: 519:Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri 507:Confederation proposal 200:Pakistani province of 126:. In August 1947, the 6182:killing intellectuals 6074:Uniting for Consensus 4866:Geneva Accords (1988) 3838:www.independent.co.uk 3041:Qassem, A.S. (2009). 2690:Himayatullah (2015). 2369:Dictionary of Vedanta 2139:(PAN). Archived from 1768:Afghanistan in crisis 1572:Anti-Afghan sentiment 1284:May 2017 Kabul attack 1238: 1153: 1145:US-Pakistan relations 1111: 1088:Karzai administration 1054: 1037: 947:U.S. State Department 919:communist Afghanistan 892: 807:-both members of the 766: 753:Further information: 575: 547:Malik Firoz Khan Noon 527:Afg–Pak Confederation 424:Durand Line Agreement 387:. By the time of the 373:independence movement 351:British Indian Empire 324:Durand Line Agreement 177:Afghanistan and India 149:Pakistani Balochistan 6204:Conflicts with India 5792:United Arab Emirates 5378:Non-Aligned Movement 5236:United Arab Emirates 4573:Siddique, Abubakar. 3474:on 25 September 2011 3241:The Afghanistan wars 3135:. November 16, 1988. 2850:"ASIANOW - Asiaweek" 2810:Usman Khalid (ed.), 2742:Mohammad Ayub Khan, 2668:by Armin Henry Meyer 2366:Nath, Samir (2002). 2006:. Area Study Centre. 1801:. Penn State Press. 1670:. 30 September 1947. 1240:"In choosing to use 1218:Ghulam Haider Hamidi 1092:Awami National Party 945:Zia-ul-Haq in 1988, 901:was heavily used by 688:Obama administration 501:Awami National Party 393:Dominion of Pakistan 343:spheres of influence 6266:Pakistani diplomats 6192:Stranded Pakistanis 4584:(Columbia UP, 2004) 4434:The Express Tribune 3574:Pajhwok Afghan News 3328:The Washington Post 2864:"Ahmad Shah Masoud" 2784:(28 January 2017), 2655:. 22 November 2011. 2434:Library of Congress 2347:on 26 February 2005 2137:Pajhwok Afghan News 1853:The Express Tribune 1468:revive the ancient 1465:chamber of commerce 1434:Makhdoom Amin Fahim 1343:took power in Kabul 1222:Burhanuddin Rabbani 1200:After the May 2011 1169:of Afghanistan and 1070:Pakistani President 987:Mohammad Najibullah 981:movement. When the 943:Pakistani President 872:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto 852:Soviet intelligence 836:Nur Muhammad Taraki 832:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto 801:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar 797:Mohammed Daoud Khan 623:Akhtar Abdur Rahman 595:Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto 567:Nur Muhammad Taraki 531:Mohammed Daoud Khan 456:Mohammed Zahir Shah 284:Afghans in Pakistan 235:Mohammed Daoud Khan 218:Mohammed Daoud Khan 141:Afghan nationalists 21: 16:Bilateral relations 6261:Pakistani diaspora 5383:1973 Kabul Meeting 4914:Economic relations 4898:Taliban insurgency 4570:(Indiana UP, 2018) 4214:The New York Times 4140:. 10 November 2023 4114:. 17 November 2023 3989:. 6 September 2023 3937:. 6 September 2023 3417:on 12 October 2011 3373:. 18 January 2007. 3288:2012-03-25 at the 3107:The New York Times 3081:The New York Times 2578:on 3 February 2017 2474:on 10 August 2013. 2336:. Washington, DC: 1530:Afghanistan portal 1438:Anwar ul-Haq Ahady 1377:Chitral district's 1362:Pakistan Air Force 1206:Mohammed Daud Daud 1175: 1171:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 1167:Nangarhar Province 1137:Taliban insurgents 1084: 1019:In late 1996, the 967:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 949:blamed the WAD (a 928:Muslim Brotherhood 915:foreign mujahideen 895: 805:Ahmad Shah Massoud 792: 638:Mohammad Ali Bogra 578: 452:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 377:Abdul Ghaffar Khan 298:Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa 274:Historical context 165:Taliban insurgency 145:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 98:Mansoor Ahmad Khan 72:Diplomatic mission 19: 6282: 6281: 6278: 6277: 6274: 6273: 6199:Sir Creek dispute 6102: 6101: 6007: 6006: 6003: 6002: 5393: 5392: 5386: 5331: 5330: 5063: 5062: 4856:Afghan mujahideen 4851:Soviet–Afghan War 4818:2021 Machh attack 4526:(Ashgate, 2005), 4522:Hussain, Rizwan. 4436:. 7 November 2014 4014:www.aljazeera.com 3897:Putz, Catherine. 3840:. 17 August 2021. 3646:. 2 December 2017 3347:. 17 January 2007 3312:. April 27, 2019. 3250:978-0-230-21313-5 3176:. 26 January 2007 3054:978-0-7546-7940-0 2967:on 9 January 2011 2835:978-969-23001-3-1 2729:Hafizullah Emadi, 2432:. United States: 2379:978-81-7890-056-8 2268:Constable, Pamela 2143:on March 13, 2012 1926:"The Durand Line" 1446:Richard Holbrooke 1427:Pakistan Railways 1385:Pakistani Taliban 1383:were attacked by 1355:Pakistani Taliban 1242:violent extremism 1214:Jan Mohammad Khan 1210:Ahmad Wali Karzai 1159:border checkpoint 1155:U.S. Armed Forces 1030:Naseerullah Babar 1006:Naseerullah Babar 907:Soviet occupation 815:. In April 1978, 788:Soviet–Afghan War 776:Operation Cyclone 751: 750: 743: 717:used on Knowledge 715:encyclopedic tone 587:General Ayub Khan 420:Afghan government 381:Dominion of India 339:Abdur Rahman Khan 181:Pakistani Taliban 111: 110: 103:Charge d'Affaires 6312: 6119: 6118: 6108: 6107: 6022: 6021: 6015: 5456: 5455: 5442: 5441: 5432: 5431: 5420: 5413: 5406: 5397: 5396: 5380: 5313: 5312: 5112: 5111: 5110: 5102: 5101: 5100: 5090: 5083: 5076: 5067: 5066: 5054: 5053: 4984:Sports rivalries 4861:Badaber uprising 4703:Islamabad Accord 4670:Diplomatic posts 4664: 4663: 4654: 4653: 4642: 4635: 4628: 4619: 4618: 4553:(Penguin, 2012). 4494: 4493: 4491: 4489: 4478: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4452: 4446: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4426: 4420: 4419: 4416:Eltaf Najafizada 4408: 4402: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4381: 4375: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4359: 4350: 4349: 4347: 4345: 4330: 4324: 4323: 4321: 4319: 4304: 4298: 4297: 4290: 4284: 4283: 4281: 4279: 4263: 4257: 4256: 4254: 4252: 4236: 4230: 4229: 4227: 4225: 4205: 4199: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4183: 4177: 4176: 4174: 4172: 4167:on 13 March 2012 4156: 4150: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4138:Voice of America 4130: 4124: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4101: 4095: 4094: 4083: 4077: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4067:. 6 October 2023 4057: 4051: 4050: 4048: 4046: 4031: 4025: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4005: 3999: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3979: 3973: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3953: 3947: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3927: 3921: 3920: 3909: 3903: 3902: 3894: 3888: 3887: 3880: 3874: 3873: 3872:. 20 April 2022. 3862: 3856: 3855: 3848: 3842: 3841: 3830: 3824: 3823: 3812: 3806: 3805: 3794: 3788: 3787: 3775: 3769: 3768: 3757: 3751: 3750: 3739: 3733: 3732: 3730: 3728: 3713: 3707: 3706: 3704: 3702: 3691: 3685: 3684: 3682: 3680: 3675:. 11 August 2015 3665: 3659: 3658: 3653: 3651: 3635: 3629: 3628: 3621: 3615: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3598: 3592: 3591: 3583: 3577: 3560: 3554: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3538: 3532: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3516: 3510: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3490: 3484: 3483: 3481: 3479: 3464: 3455: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3445:. September 2011 3433: 3427: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3407: 3401: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3381: 3375: 3374: 3363: 3357: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3337: 3331: 3319: 3313: 3299: 3293: 3280: 3274: 3273: 3261: 3255: 3254: 3236: 3227: 3226: 3219: 3210: 3209: 3208:. 15 March 1990. 3196: 3190: 3189: 3183: 3181: 3175: 3167: 3161: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3142: 3136: 3124: 3118: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3098: 3092: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3072: 3066: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3038: 3032: 3031: 3029: 3027: 3016: 3010: 3009: 2983: 2977: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2953: 2947: 2946: 2945:. Start.umd.edu. 2939: 2930: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2914: 2908: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2888: 2882: 2881: 2876: 2874: 2860: 2854: 2853: 2846: 2840: 2839: 2821: 2815: 2808: 2802: 2795: 2789: 2779: 2773: 2766: 2760: 2753: 2747: 2740: 2734: 2727: 2721: 2718: 2712: 2705: 2699: 2698: 2696: 2687: 2681: 2675: 2669: 2663: 2657: 2656: 2649: 2643: 2642: 2635: 2629: 2628: 2608: 2602: 2601: 2595: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2577: 2571:. 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Archived from 2466: 2456: 2450: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2425: 2419: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2406:Abdul Hai Habibi 2397: 2391: 2390: 2388: 2386: 2363: 2357: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2346: 2335: 2327: 2321: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2311:. 3 October 2023 2301: 2295: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2264: 2258: 2257: 2236: 2230: 2229: 2210: 2204: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2185: 2179: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2159: 2153: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2128: 2119: 2118: 2112: 2110: 2105:. 3 October 2011 2095: 2089: 2088: 2068: 2062: 2061: 2041: 2035: 2034: 2014: 2008: 2007: 1997: 1991: 1990: 1970: 1964: 1963: 1961: 1959: 1947: 1941: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1922: 1916: 1915: 1913: 1911: 1905:The Siasat Daily 1896: 1890: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1870: 1864: 1863: 1861: 1859: 1844: 1838: 1837: 1835: 1833: 1819: 1813: 1812: 1792: 1783: 1782: 1762: 1756: 1755: 1735: 1729: 1728: 1708: 1702: 1701: 1681: 1672: 1671: 1664: 1658: 1657: 1652: 1650: 1642:Voice of America 1633: 1627: 1626: 1621: 1619: 1602: 1546: 1541: 1540: 1539: 1532: 1527: 1526: 1525: 1518: 1513: 1512: 1425:to connect with 1410:In July 2010, a 1300:Foreign Ministry 1260: 1123: 1100:Afghan President 1098:(PPP). In 2006, 1073:Asif Ali Zardari 1056:Afghan President 1047: 998:Peshawar Accords 961:, mainly around 817:Afghan President 768:George Crile III 746: 739: 735: 732: 726: 725:for suggestions. 721:See Knowledge's 706: 705: 698: 694:Contemporary era 582:Hafizullah Emadi 543:A Pathan Odyssey 460:Liaquat Ali Khan 440:frontier regions 358:Afridi tribesmen 106:Mohammad Shokaib 59: 58: 48: 47: 29: 22: 18: 6320: 6319: 6315: 6314: 6313: 6311: 6310: 6309: 6285: 6284: 6283: 6270: 6213: 6167:Kashmir dispute 6155: 6113: 6098: 6030: 6016: 5999: 5973: 5947: 5811: 5578: 5525: 5450: 5436: 5426: 5424: 5394: 5389: 5351: 5327: 5311: 5250: 5139: 5113: 5108: 5106: 5098: 5096: 5094: 5064: 5059: 5043: 4994:Jinnah Hospital 4989:Haqqani network 4950: 4909: 4843:Afghan conflict 4837: 4734: 4713:Trade Agreement 4691: 4665: 4658: 4648: 4646: 4549:Rashid, Ahmed. 4509:(Yale UP, 2014) 4505:Abbas, Hassan. 4502: 4500:Further reading 4497: 4487: 4485: 4480: 4479: 4475: 4465: 4463: 4461:Express Tribune 4453: 4449: 4439: 4437: 4428: 4427: 4423: 4410: 4409: 4405: 4395: 4393: 4382: 4378: 4368: 4366: 4361: 4360: 4353: 4343: 4341: 4332: 4331: 4327: 4317: 4315: 4314:on 25 July 2012 4306: 4305: 4301: 4292: 4291: 4287: 4277: 4275: 4274:on 27 July 2011 4264: 4260: 4250: 4248: 4247:on 27 July 2011 4237: 4233: 4223: 4221: 4206: 4202: 4192: 4190: 4185: 4184: 4180: 4170: 4168: 4157: 4153: 4143: 4141: 4132: 4131: 4127: 4117: 4115: 4103: 4102: 4098: 4085: 4084: 4080: 4070: 4068: 4059: 4058: 4054: 4044: 4042: 4032: 4028: 4018: 4016: 4008:Hussain, Abid. 4006: 4002: 3992: 3990: 3981: 3980: 3976: 3966: 3964: 3954: 3950: 3940: 3938: 3929: 3928: 3924: 3911: 3910: 3906: 3901:. The Diplomat. 3895: 3891: 3882: 3881: 3877: 3864: 3863: 3859: 3850: 3849: 3845: 3832: 3831: 3827: 3822:. 30 July 2016. 3820:Express tribune 3814: 3813: 3809: 3804:. 9 March 2016. 3796: 3795: 3791: 3776: 3772: 3759: 3758: 3754: 3741: 3740: 3736: 3726: 3724: 3715: 3714: 3710: 3700: 3698: 3692: 3688: 3678: 3676: 3667: 3666: 3662: 3649: 3647: 3638: 3636: 3632: 3623: 3622: 3618: 3608: 3606: 3599: 3595: 3584: 3580: 3570:Wayback Machine 3561: 3557: 3547: 3545: 3540: 3539: 3535: 3525: 3523: 3518: 3517: 3513: 3503: 3501: 3500:on 27 July 2013 3492: 3491: 3487: 3477: 3475: 3466: 3465: 3458: 3448: 3446: 3435: 3434: 3430: 3420: 3418: 3409: 3408: 3404: 3394: 3392: 3383: 3382: 3378: 3365: 3364: 3360: 3350: 3348: 3339: 3338: 3334: 3330:. May 11, 2009. 3320: 3316: 3306:by Arwin Rahi, 3300: 3296: 3290:Wayback Machine 3281: 3277: 3270:Chicago Tribune 3262: 3258: 3251: 3237: 3230: 3221: 3220: 3213: 3198: 3197: 3193: 3179: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3168: 3164: 3154: 3152: 3144: 3143: 3139: 3125: 3121: 3111: 3109: 3099: 3095: 3085: 3083: 3073: 3069: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3039: 3035: 3025: 3023: 3018: 3017: 3013: 2998: 2984: 2980: 2970: 2968: 2955: 2954: 2950: 2941: 2940: 2933: 2923: 2921: 2916: 2915: 2911: 2901: 2899: 2897:Huffington Post 2889: 2885: 2872: 2870: 2862: 2861: 2857: 2848: 2847: 2843: 2836: 2822: 2818: 2809: 2805: 2796: 2792: 2780: 2776: 2768:Owen L. Sirrs, 2767: 2763: 2754: 2750: 2741: 2737: 2728: 2724: 2719: 2715: 2706: 2702: 2694: 2688: 2684: 2676: 2672: 2664: 2660: 2651: 2650: 2646: 2637: 2636: 2632: 2610: 2609: 2605: 2589: 2588: 2581: 2579: 2575: 2568: 2566:"Archived copy" 2564: 2563: 2559: 2550: 2549: 2542: 2532: 2530: 2526: 2520: 2513: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2483: 2479: 2471: 2464: 2458: 2457: 2453: 2443: 2441: 2426: 2422: 2412: 2410: 2399: 2398: 2394: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2364: 2360: 2350: 2348: 2344: 2333: 2329: 2328: 2324: 2314: 2312: 2303: 2302: 2298: 2288: 2286: 2276:Washington Post 2265: 2261: 2254: 2237: 2233: 2226: 2212: 2211: 2207: 2197: 2195: 2187: 2186: 2182: 2172: 2170: 2160: 2156: 2146: 2144: 2129: 2122: 2108: 2106: 2097: 2096: 2092: 2085: 2069: 2065: 2058: 2042: 2038: 2031: 2015: 2011: 1998: 1994: 1987: 1971: 1967: 1957: 1955: 1948: 1944: 1934: 1932: 1924: 1923: 1919: 1909: 1907: 1897: 1893: 1883: 1881: 1871: 1867: 1857: 1855: 1845: 1841: 1831: 1829: 1821: 1820: 1816: 1809: 1793: 1786: 1779: 1763: 1759: 1752: 1736: 1732: 1725: 1709: 1705: 1698: 1682: 1675: 1666: 1665: 1661: 1648: 1646: 1635: 1634: 1630: 1617: 1615: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1544:Pakistan portal 1542: 1537: 1535: 1528: 1523: 1521: 1516:Politics portal 1514: 1507: 1504: 1419:Hillary Clinton 1408: 1402: 1292:Haqqani Network 1273:Hillary Clinton 1261: 1249: 1226:Haqqani network 1124: 1121: 1081:Washington, DC. 1048: 1043: 1024:Taliban leader 903:Afghan refugees 876:military regime 821:Saur Revolution 809:Jamiat-e Islami 790:, 1979 to 1989. 761: 747: 736: 730: 727: 720: 711:This section's 707: 703: 696: 660:, incorporated 580:Afghan scholar 555:King Zahir Shah 515: 509: 446:, and also the 328:Mortimer Durand 304:, and northern 290: 278:Main articles: 276: 169:Afghan conflict 60: 56: 49: 45: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6318: 6308: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6280: 6279: 6276: 6275: 6272: 6271: 6269: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6234: 6233: 6232: 6221: 6219: 6218:Related topics 6215: 6214: 6212: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6195: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6169: 6163: 6161: 6157: 6156: 6154: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6142: 6141: 6136: 6125: 6123: 6115: 6114: 6104: 6103: 6100: 6099: 6097: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6049:United Nations 6046: 6044:European Union 6041: 6035: 6032: 6031: 6018: 6017: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6004: 6001: 6000: 5998: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5981: 5979: 5975: 5974: 5972: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5955: 5953: 5949: 5948: 5946: 5945: 5943:United Kingdom 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5843:Czech Republic 5840: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5819: 5817: 5813: 5812: 5810: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5638: 5637: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5586: 5584: 5580: 5579: 5577: 5576: 5575: 5574: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5533: 5531: 5527: 5526: 5524: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5462: 5460: 5452: 5451: 5438: 5437: 5423: 5422: 5415: 5408: 5400: 5391: 5390: 5388: 5387: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5363:United Nations 5359: 5357: 5353: 5352: 5350: 5349: 5347:in Afghanistan 5339: 5337: 5333: 5332: 5329: 5328: 5326: 5325: 5319: 5317: 5310: 5309: 5307:United Kingdom 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5258: 5256: 5252: 5251: 5249: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5147: 5145: 5141: 5140: 5138: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5121: 5119: 5115: 5114: 5093: 5092: 5085: 5078: 5070: 5061: 5060: 5048: 5045: 5044: 5042: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4970: 4969: 4967:Border barrier 4958: 4956: 4952: 4951: 4949: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4917: 4915: 4911: 4910: 4908: 4907: 4902: 4901: 4900: 4895: 4893:Kunduz airlift 4890: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4869: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4847: 4845: 4839: 4838: 4836: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4764: 4763: 4758: 4748: 4742: 4740: 4736: 4735: 4733: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4720:Six plus Three 4717: 4716: 4715: 4705: 4699: 4697: 4693: 4692: 4690: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4673: 4671: 4667: 4666: 4645: 4644: 4637: 4630: 4622: 4616: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4578: 4571: 4564: 4554: 4547: 4540: 4530: 4520: 4516:7 (2012): 38+ 4510: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4495: 4473: 4447: 4421: 4403: 4392:. Khaama Press 4376: 4351: 4325: 4299: 4285: 4258: 4231: 4200: 4178: 4151: 4125: 4096: 4093:. 3 June 2022. 4091:UNHCR Pakistan 4078: 4052: 4026: 4000: 3974: 3948: 3922: 3904: 3889: 3875: 3857: 3843: 3825: 3807: 3789: 3770: 3767:. 19 May 2015. 3752: 3749:. 17 May 2015. 3734: 3723:. 13 June 2016 3721:Pakistan Today 3708: 3686: 3660: 3630: 3616: 3593: 3578: 3555: 3533: 3511: 3485: 3456: 3428: 3402: 3391:on 14 May 2012 3376: 3358: 3332: 3314: 3294: 3275: 3256: 3249: 3228: 3211: 3191: 3162: 3137: 3132:New York Times 3119: 3093: 3067: 3053: 3033: 3011: 2997:978-0754644347 2996: 2978: 2948: 2931: 2909: 2883: 2855: 2841: 2834: 2816: 2803: 2790: 2774: 2761: 2748: 2735: 2722: 2713: 2700: 2682: 2670: 2658: 2644: 2630: 2603: 2557: 2552:"Pashtunistan" 2540: 2511: 2497: 2477: 2451: 2420: 2392: 2378: 2358: 2322: 2296: 2259: 2252: 2231: 2224: 2205: 2180: 2154: 2120: 2090: 2083: 2063: 2056: 2036: 2029: 2009: 1992: 1985: 1965: 1942: 1917: 1891: 1865: 1839: 1814: 1808:978-0271043012 1807: 1784: 1777: 1771:. Croom Helm. 1757: 1750: 1730: 1723: 1703: 1696: 1673: 1659: 1645:. 9 April 2022 1628: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1590: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1548: 1547: 1533: 1519: 1503: 1500: 1404:Main article: 1401: 1398: 1335:Afghan soldier 1331:Pakistani army 1310:, for funding 1269:Cameron Munter 1247: 1234:Pakistani Army 1179:Muhammad Hanif 1119: 1094:(ANP) and the 1063:U.S. President 1041: 937:Following the 868:Murtaza Bhutto 860:1981 hijacking 829:Prime Minister 749: 748: 710: 708: 701: 695: 692: 646:Durrani Empire 611:Charles Wilson 551:Iskandar Mirza 549:and President 511:Main article: 508: 505: 317:Pashtun tribes 275: 272: 157:Pashtun people 133:United Nations 109: 108: 100: 91: 90: 86: 85: 80: 74: 73: 69: 68: 65: 64: 53: 41: 40: 38: 35: 34: 31: 30: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6317: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6292: 6290: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6246: 6242: 6238: 6235: 6231: 6228: 6227: 6226: 6223: 6222: 6220: 6216: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 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During the 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 142: 138: 134: 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 107: 104: 101: 99: 96: 92: 87: 84: 81: 79: 75: 70: 66: 63: 52: 42: 39: 37: 36: 32: 28: 23: 6027:Multilateral 5990:Soviet Union 5985:East Germany 5787:Turkmenistan 5747:Saudi Arabia 5589: 5506:South Africa 5356:Multilateral 5231:Turkmenistan 5211:Saudi Arabia 5200: 5049: 5039:Quetta Shura 4979:Pashtunistan 4655: 4581: 4574: 4567: 4558:Central Asia 4557: 4550: 4543: 4533: 4523: 4513: 4506: 4486:. Retrieved 4476: 4464:. Retrieved 4460: 4450: 4438:. Retrieved 4433: 4424: 4418:. Bloomberg. 4415: 4406: 4394:. Retrieved 4389: 4379: 4367:. Retrieved 4342:. Retrieved 4337: 4328: 4316:. Retrieved 4312:the original 4302: 4288: 4276:. Retrieved 4272:the original 4261: 4249:. Retrieved 4245:the original 4234: 4222:. Retrieved 4213: 4203: 4191:. Retrieved 4181: 4169:. Retrieved 4165:the original 4154: 4142:. Retrieved 4137: 4128: 4116:. Retrieved 4108: 4099: 4090: 4081: 4069:. Retrieved 4064: 4055: 4043:. 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