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merging with what lies outside the boundaries of human perception. Only the 'life outside' gives man moments of absolute freedom, Fet argued. The way to these outer realms lies in communicating with Nature, which has a soul of its own, through moments of joy ('one-ness'). Female beauty served as part of the whole picture for Fet who had the cycle of poems dedicated to women (A.Brzhevskaya, Sophia
Tolstaya, A.Osufieva, and others) based on his 'philosophy of beauty'. The process of regaining unity with nature leads man out of the corrupt real world and brings him ecstatic joy and total happiness, according to Fet.
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888:,' was how peasants called him. And this was being said of a 'barin' who never hesitated to tell boldly the truth, to peasants too, not just men of his own class," he wrote. Peasants greatly respected Fet for, among other things, his ability to make peace between feuding parties of his rural community, all the while expressing himself in the most straightforward way. "Fet was one of the few people who could be described as 'classic' Europeans, in the best sense of this word; with his vast education and delicate manners he was reminiscent of the French marquises of better times," Semenkovich opined.
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718:. His wife protested, but he seemed to be in great agitation and haste. "Go and return as quickly as you can," he ordered. As Maria left, Fet told his secretary (referred to later as Mrs. F.): "Come with me, I will dictate to you". – "A letter?" she enquired. "No", came the reply. His secretary followed him and wrote the following: "I see no reason for consciously prolonging my suffering. I willingly chose to do what would be inevitable anyway." He signed this: "21 November. Fet (Shenshin)", with a "firm hand, certainly not that of a dying man," according to the biographer
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some improbable behind-the-ears curls as well is unwilling to hear of literature and only damns all periodicals enthusiastically," Turgenev informed
Polonsky in a May 1861 letter. "Once I was a poor man, a regimental adjutant, now, thank God, I am an Oryol, Kursk and Voronezh landowner, and live in a beautiful manor with a park. All this I've achieved by hard labour, not by some machinations", wrote Fet in a letter to Reveliotti, his Army officer friend.
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notion of freedom. He advocated the free development of human character and warned against exceedingly regulating social life. "An artful tutor should learn to restrain himself from removing what looks to him as ugly features of his subject. Cut off a young fur-tree's crooked branches and you'll kill it… Wait for forty years and you'll see a straight and strong trunk with a green crown," Fet wrote in 1871.
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been an accident, others saw it as the final statement of "a proud and desperate girl who decided life was not worthwhile without the man she loved." Maria died from her burns four days later, her last words allegedly being: "Do not blame him for this." An immense feeling of remorse tormented Fet for the rest of his life. This incident and the image of Maria would frequently be evoked in his later verses.
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courageous enough to have his own opinions, he spoke against the predominant social theory… and for that has been subjected to ostracism in the times when going against the grain was unthinkable." "My father thought greatest asset was the ability to think independently: he always had his own ideas, never borrowed them from other people," remembered Ilya
Lvovich Tolstoy.
451:, which resulted in lifelong friendship. Not only did Nekrasov actively promote Fet as a poet, he obviously preferred his work to that of others, his own included. "What the source of this miraculous poetic daring could be, the true characteristic of a great poet, coming from this good natured, plump officer, is beyond me," wondered Leo Tolstoy.
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What followed was described as "a kind of mental storm some people experience when facing death. Only a bout of temporary madness could account for his starting running about, fetching dinner and paper knives which obviously could do him no serious harm," Sadovskoy wrote. As Fet grabbed a paper knife
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Never an open person, over the years Fet has become even more secretive and self-centered. "Never, as far as I can remember, has he expressed any interest in any other person's inner world," wrote
Tatyana Kuzminskaya, Leo Tolstoy's sister-in-law, to whom Fet dedicated one of his most beautiful poems
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Vladimir
Semenkovich, the author of several books on Fet, argued that he was "...neither a liberal nor a conservative, just a man of the 1840s, or, should I rather say, one of the last men of the 1840s. One thing in which he might have differed from was that he was more of a practical man... Being
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Chased by his bleeding secretary, Fet entered a dining-room, approached the cabinet where table-knives were kept and unsuccessfully tried to open it. Then, panting, he suddenly fell on a chair. According to the secretary, his eyes opened wide, as if facing some terrible sight, his hand rose as if to
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in compiling this anthology and while the former was against extensive editing, the latter insisted on drastic cuts and, in the end, his argument won out. In the preface to the book, Nekrasov wrote: "Not a single poet since
Pushkin has managed to give such delight to those who understand poetry and
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Fet's 'cult of domesticity' held 'civil labour' as another high ideal. For him 'natural' attitude to work was analogous to love, serving as a link with Nature and having the potential to bringing back harmony to the society that had lost it. Built into Fet's 'philosophy of labour' was the romantic
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In 1873 Fet wrote to his wife: "You cannot even imagine how I hate the name Fet. I implore you never to mention it… If someone would ask me to give one single name to all the trials and tribulations of my life, I'd say without hesitation, this name is 'Fet'". That same year Fet's greatest ambition
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Fourteen years later, as
Shenshin and Becker's marriage, registered in Germany, proved to be legally void in Russia, Afanasy had to change his surname from Shenshin to Foeth, that of his biological father. This proved to be an exceptionally traumatic experience for the boy, aggravated as it was by
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himself. "…The reason why we admire each other is that we two are the kind of men who are capable of thinking with, to use your own expression, 'heart's mind' as opposed to 'brain's mind'," Tolstoy wrote in a 28 June 1867 letter. "Intellectually you are superior to everybody else who's around me.
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to be a mechanism for examining ties, seen and unseen, between man and nature. Along the lines of his quest for 'wholeness', he united poems into cycles ("Spring", "Summer", "Autumn", "Snow", "Melodies", "Fortune-telling"), each representing some aspect of the soul, all united by the leitmotif of
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Yet, Fet was not a popular poet during his lifetime. Vasily Botkin remarked that even in the 1860s when his books enjoyed mostly positive reviews, "the general public treated these praises skeptically… If he was successful at all, then mostly with the literary men." One reason for this might have
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country estate at roughly the same time, approved of Fet's decision to "settle upon the land". Unlike
Tolstoy, though, who departed to the country looking for better working conditions, Fet stopped writing altogether. "He turned into an agronomist, a 'landlord in desperation', let his beard grow,
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In autumn 1848 Fet fell in love with 20-year-old Maria Lazich, a well-educated and intelligent girl, who loved him too. Seeing no way of marrying the penniless daughter of a poor
Kherson landowner, Fet abandoned her. In 1851 Maria died, having set her dress on fire. Some suggested this might have
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or any other philosopher be behind the origins of these lyric moods of yours, the psychic processes behind it?.. I'm tempted to suspect there is some other being, unseen to us, mere mortals, lurking down there, amidst glowing light, with eyes azure, and wings behind!.. You've grown old, while he
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granted him the return of his stepfather's surname with all the rights and privileges of the
Russian nobility. Turgenev greeted with sarcasm "the disappearance of Fet and the emergence of Shenshin." More sympathetic proved to be Leo Tolstoy who praised Fet's courage and patience in bringing this
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regiment as a junior officer with the view of possibly retrieving his surname and all the privileges of nobility he'd lost with it. There was just one aspect of the army life that he enjoyed, discipline. Otherwise, he complained in letters of cultural isolation and feeling 'buried alive'. On one
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You're the only one who can give this 'different kind of bread' for it to be satiated with," he confessed on another occasion. "You are one of the very few people I came to know in my lifetime who, while retaining totally rational attitude to life, have always stood on its edge, staring into
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often marveled at the duality of his friend's character and the way he managed to create the artistic world that would look like a perfect antidote to his own down-to-earth persona. In one of his last letters he wrote: "What kind of creature you are, I just can't make you out. Where do these
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make a cross, then fell down lifeless. The cause of his death was later believed to be a heart attack. The funeral service was held on 22 November 1892 at the Moscow University church. Afanasy Fet was interred on 23 November in his family vault in Kleymyonovo, the old Shenshin family estate.
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Fet was the proponent of the romantic idea of the need for a poet to make a distinction between the two life spheres, the 'ideal' and the 'real' one. "Only the ideal sphere gives one an opportunity to take a whiff of a higher life," he asserted in his memoirs. This sphere, according to Fet,
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Fighting off hostile reviewers, who were making much of the contrast between an affluent and somewhat pompous landowner and his sublime, elegant poetry, Fet insisted it was his pragmatism that helped him get the absolute artistic freedom. Still, the interest in his work started to diminish.
527:. "One of those who have disappeared down into their earthly holes is now Fet who… in the moments of leisure produces by turns now a fine romance, next a misanthropic essay, then another romance, and more misanthropy," he wrote. For eleven years (1867–1877) Fet served as a local
502:), described as an exceptionally kind and sympathetic person, totally devoid of jealousy, who was perfectly happy to treat her husband "like a nanny treats a child". In 1858 Fet retired from army service and returned to Moscow. A year later he purchased the desolate Stepanovka
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It was this humiliation, scholars later opined, that accounted for the idiosyncrasies of a man who spent most of his life contemplating suicide. This outcome, though, was not the worst of possible evils: as an illegitimate child he fell to the bottom of the Russian social
251:. It was there that he was informed in a letter that from then on his name would be Fet, not Shenshin, which made him feel, admittedly, "like a dog that had lost its master." In 1837 Afanasy Shenshin moved his stepson to a Moscow boarding school owned by the historian
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on 25 August 1891. In 1881 Fet bought a small house at Plyuschikha Street in Moscow. From then on he would spend winters in the city, move to Vorobyovka in April and stay there till late September. The result of this new surge of creativity were four books of the
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also considered Fet a great master of melody-driven verse. His poetry, 'unique in terms of aesthetics,' can be taken as proof that "real poetry is self-sufficient and its sources won't dry out even in the most unfavorable times," Kudryavtsev argued.
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encompassed beauty, love, moments of harmony between the human soul and the infinite cosmos, and Art as such. Longing for the Ideal, according to biographer Tarkhov, was the driving force of Fet's poetry. In his essay on Tytchev, published by
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been his unwillingness to change according to the 'spirit of the times'. "Unlike Nekrasov, who expressed zeitgeist perfectly, always going with the flow, Fet refused to 're-tune his lyre's strings'," the Soviet scholar Dmitry Blagoy argued.
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The circumstances of Fet's death caused almost as much controversy as those of his birth. In October 1892, Fet moved from Vorobyovka to his Moscow house. While visiting Countess Sophia Tolstaya he caught cold and later contracted severe
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court official, and married her Russian suitor, but was forced to leave her one-year-old daughter Carolina behind. In November, at Shenshin's Novosyolky estate, she gave birth to a boy who was christened Afanasy Afansyevich Shenshin.
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comes to mind... Like Beethoven, he is endowed with the power to touch upon those strings of our souls which are out of reach for poets, no matter how strong, who rely on words only. Rather than a poet, he is a
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Fet wrote: "The notion that poetry's social mission, moral value, or relevance could be superior to its artistic aspects, is nightmarish to me; I abandoned this notion long ago." The rift with the rest of the
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t). Regardless of this, according to biographer Tarkhov, "the transformation was significant: in one moment the surname of 'a Hesse-Darmstadt citizen' turned into the pseudonym of a Russian poet."
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By 1856, when the poetry collections by Fet and Nekrasov came out almost simultaneously, their personal relations had already become strained due to ideological differences. In his 1859 essay on
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readily open their soul to it, as Fet does. This does not mean to say both are equal: it's just that in his own field Fet is as superb as Pushkin was in his, much more vast and diverse one."
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Yakov Polonsky (standing, second from the left) and members of his family guesting at Vorobyovka in 1890. Sitting, left to right: Maria Botkina, Natalya (Polonsky's daughter) and Afanasy Fet
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213:'s sister), Fet's "greatest grievance in life was the fact that he was not a legitimate Shenshin like his brothers (who treated him as an equal) but the out-of-wedlock son of Foeth, a
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and returned to writing poetry. "At Vorobyovka my muse awoke from many years of sleep and started visiting me as often as she used to at the dawn of my life," Fet wrote to Grand Duke
614:(1870) which told the tragic story of an alcoholic village doctor's social and mental decline. Those were the years of Fet's close contact with Leo Tolstoy whom he often visited at
1406:"Otechestvennye Zapiski", 1840, Vol. 12, Sc. VI, pp. 40–42; Belinsky's letter to Vasily Botkin, 26 December 1840. The Complete V.G.Belinsky in 12 Volumes. Vol. XI. Moscow, p. 584.
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stays young. You deny everything while he is a believer. You despise life while he, down on his knees, bursts into tears readily when witnessing any of its true manifestations!.."
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looking for similarities... For, in his finest moments, Fet leaves the boundaries of poetry altogether and boldly ventures into our field. That is why, when I think of Fet, often
711:. "Afanasy Afanasyevich recognizes none of such rituals," she replied and assured the doctor she was ready to take the sin of depriving a dying man of his communion upon herself.
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considered Fet to be the greatest Russian poet of all time. Fet, whose sensual and melancholic lyric was often imbued with sadness and tragedy, exerted powerful influence upon
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magazines in 1862–1871, featured some finely written novellas and short stories too. In retrospect, the best example of Fet's prose is considered to be the short novel
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320:; it was the first one to be published under the author's full name. Later scholars wondered if it hadn't been a mere typesetter mistake that caused the Russian
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Tarkhov, A. A.A.Fet. Verses and Poems. Contemporaries on Fet. Moscow, Pravda Publishing house. 1988. A Foreword. "To Give Life a Breath..." pp. 5–16.
916:. see life clearer for peering into timelessness, for it is this way they greatly strengthen their vision," wrote Tolstoy in an April 1876 letter.
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Sadovskoy, Boris. The Death of Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet. "А.А.Fet. Verses and Poems. Contemporaries on Fet". Moscow. Pravda, 1988. pp. 444–450.
675:… I wish I could add – 'like the rest of our intelligentsia does', but sadly that is not the case," Polonsky wrote in a November 1890 letter.
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In 1844 Fet graduated from the University. Later that year he lost his mother to cancer. In early 1845 he left the Novosyolky estate, went to
754:. "Such lyrical insight into the very core of the Spring and human emotion risen by it was hitherto unknown in Russian poetry," wrote critic
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Leo Tolstoy's letters: 7 November 1866, 24 June 1874, 30 August 1869. – The Complete L.N.Tolstoy. Vol. 61, pp. 149, 219; Vol. 62, p. 96
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There are several marginal theories as to Fet's parents' origins. According to one of them, advocated by the Russian women's magazine
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came out in 1856 but proved to be little more than a re-worked and edited version of his 1850 book. According to writer and memoirist
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316:, who several years later maintained: "of the living Russian poets Fet is the most gifted." In 1841 the poem "Poseidon" appeared in
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Fet is an exceptional phenomenon. There is no use to compare him to other first class poets, or go and analyze Pushkin, Lermontov,
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Afanasy Fet married Maria Petrovna Botkina (the daughter of a rich tea-trader and sister of his good friend, literary critic
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started to publish his articles on agricultural commerce and economy. All this evoked sharp criticism from, among others,
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Fet, А. Early Years of My Life (Rannye gody moyei zhizni). pp. 341, 318; "The Correspondence of Fet and I.P.Borisov".
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the fact that back in Darmstadt Johann Foeth refused to acknowledge him as his son. According to Tatyana Kuzminskaya (
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1630:"А.А.Fet. Verses and Poems. Contemporaries on Fet," Tolstoy wrote in April 1876. Moscow. Pravda, 1988. pp. 357–463.
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In retrospect, Afanasy Fet is regarded as the greatest lyric poet of Russia. His verses were highly esteemed by
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for an opinion. The writer's verdict ("undoubtedly gifted") encouraged Fet to publish his first collection,
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1379:. "Russian Writers". Biobibliographical Dictionary. Moscow. Prosveshchenye. Vol 2. Ed. P.A.Nikolayev. 1990
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in 1859, Fet maintained that it was only 'pure love' (the concept introduced to the Russian literature by
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In the late 1840s, after stopping for several years, Fet returned to writing. In 1850 a collection called
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Panayeva, Avdotya. From Memoirs (Iz vospominany). А.А.Fet. Verses and Poems. Moscow. Pravda. 1988. p. 351
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Semenkovich, V. "А.А.Fet. Verses and Poems. Contemporaries on Fet". Moscow. Pravda, 1988. pp. 450–456.
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Strakhov, Nikolai. A.A.Fet. Biographical sketch. Lyrical Poems, Vols. 1–2. Moscow, 1894. pp. 328–334.
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904:, was "indifferent to music and has been heard referring to it as 'nothing but unpleasant noise'".
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Grigorovich, А. The History of the 13th Dragoons Regiment, vol.I. Saint Petersburg, 1912, p. 223.
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occasion he described his experience there as "life amongst monsters" when "once an hour another
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Afanasy Fet was born on 5 December 1820 to Afanasy Shenshin, a 44-year-old Russian landlord from
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heralded his successful return to the Russian literary scene. In 1853 he was transferred to an
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painful matter to an end. Now officially Shenshin, the poet retained Fet as his nom de plume.
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Tolstoy, L. "А.А.Fet. Verses and Poems. Contemporaries on Fet". Moscow. Pravda, 1988. p. 412.
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Later Carolina Foeth too came to Russia where she married Alexander Matveyev, the rector of
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Dismissed as unpleasant and dour by Tolstoy's children, Fet was adored by the master of
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referred to the celebration as a 'requiem'. On 26 February Fet was granted the title of
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among them) expressed delight with Fet's latter life poetry. "I await eagerly for your
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series (released in 1883, 1885, 1888 and 1891) which featured some of his finest work.
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from the table before him, his secretary managed to disarm him, injuring her hand.
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in 1843. "Don't wake her up at dawn..." (На заре ты её не буди) was set to music by
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and settled in a small room on the upper floor, often visited by two other friends,
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staff became apparent, and later that year Fet left the journal, now dominated by
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Apollon Grigoriev. Ophelia (fragment). A.A.Fet. Poems. Moscow, 1988. pp. 341–342.
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1253:. Remembering A.Fet. Foreword by D. Blagoy. Compiled by A.Tarkhov Moscow. Pravda
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According to Vladimir Semenkovich common people admired Fet. "A 'proper kind of
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English translations of 3 poems by Babette Deutsch and Avrahm Yarmolinsky, 1921
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In the late 1830s Fet showed some of his poems to Pogodin, who sent them to
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unctuously clear, idealistically sublime, youthful verses come from? Could
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The Works by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. Moscow, 1968. Vol. 6. pp. 59–60).
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23 February 1860. Letters. The Complete L.N. Tolstoy. Vol. 60, p. 324.
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and became much respected both by peasants and by fellow landowners.
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Lavrensky, М. (D.L.Mikhaylovsky). Shakespeare as Translated by Fet.
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he served with the troops guarding the Estonian coastline. In 1853
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21 May 1861. The Complete I.S. Turgenev. Letters. Vol. IV, p. 240.
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Blagoy, Dmitry. From Russian Literature's Past. Turgenev and Fet.
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becoming his mentor. Some of his poems appeared in the collection
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The Works of V.P. Botkin. Vol. 2, Saint Petersburg, 1891, p. 368.
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by a monarch's decree. His last poem is dated 23 October 1892.
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1428:. Book I. Petersburg, Mysl Publishers. 1922, pp. 214, 227–228.
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sold poorly and only a circle of close friends (Leo Tolstoy,
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considered 'more a musician than a poet,' comparing him to
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Early in the morning on 21 November Fet suddenly sent for
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In 1873 Fet bought a second village, Vorobyovka, nearby
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Belinsky, V.G. Vol. VII, pp. 636–637; Vol. VIII, p. 94
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regiment based in nearby Saint Petersburg. During the
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169:23 November] 1820 – 3 December [
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1535:Tolstoy, L.N. The Complete of... Vol. 62, p. 63.
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177:regarded as the finest master of lyric verse in
1732:19th-century memoirists from the Russian Empire
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1468:A.A. Fet. Poems. Moscow, 1988. Letters. р.414.
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1437:"Literaturnaya Mysl", Book I, pp. 216, 220.
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173:21 November] 1892), was a renowned
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240:At age 14 Afanasy Shenshin was sent to a
1639:Translated by Yevgeny Bonver, March 2001
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127:[ɐfɐˈnasʲɪjɐfɐˈnasʲjɪvʲɪtɕˈfʲɛt]
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1603:"Т.А.Kuzminskaya on А.А.Fet", p. 172.
1594:(Заря) magazine. 1871. No 6. pp. 9–10
1285:"Landowner Shenshin and the Poet Fet"
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1677:English translations of 5 Miniatures
1477:Fet, А. My Memories. Part 2. p. 210.
1092:That the charming breath of gladness
571:The World as Will and Representation
1334:"The History of Russian Literature"
1265:
1251:"Afanasy Fet: the Poet and the Man"
233:Afanasy Fet in 1860; photograph by
221:tried in vain to convince him of."
13:
1666:Collection of Poems by Afanasy Fet
1450:magazine. 1923, Book 3, pp. 45–64.
1107:But my song's coming to readiness.
1102:I don't know what I'll sing, else,
997:Рассказать, что с той же страстью,
846:
14:
1743:
1717:Imperial Moscow University alumni
1645:
1036:That its light has warmly started
461:, Fet gave Nekrasov and Turgenev
255:. In autumn 1838 Fet enrolled at
1697:Russian people of German descent
1053:In its every branch and leafage,
1041:To fulfil on leaves its dancing;
947:I have come to you, delighted...
940:
534:Leo Tolstoy, who retired to his
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1075:As before, with former passion,
1070:To tell you that I’ve come now,
1031:To tell you that sun has risen,
964:(«Я пришёл к тебе с приветом…»)
820:Fet's aesthetics and philosophy
1142:
1132:
1119:
1085:To serve you and your elation;
1058:And with every bird is shaken,
1048:To tell you that wood's awaken
1026:I have come to you, delighted,
986:Весь проснулся, веткой каждой,
983:Рассказать, что лес проснулся,
972:Рассказать, что солнце встало,
859:
682:were published. Another book,
542:
443:. In Turgenev's house Fet met
1:
1652:Works by or about Afanasy Fet
1171:
1063:Thirsty of the springy image;
1020:Петь — но только песня зреет.
962:I Have Come to You, Delighted
750:, who ranked him on par with
678:In 1890 two volumes of Fet's
1158:Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse
225:Education and literary debut
184:
7:
1080:That my soul again is bound
1003:Что душа всё так же счастью
969:Я пришёл к тебе с приветом,
954:by actor Vladimir Samoylov.
622:was finally achieved: Tsar
10:
1748:
1590:Fet, А. From the Country.
1526:, 1859, No.6, pp. 255–258.
1377:"Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet"
1017:Что не знаю сам, что́ буду
1000:Как вчера, пришёл я снова,
989:Каждой птицей встрепенулся
688:On My Muse's 50th Birthday
525:Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin
355:The Best of Russian Poetry
118:Афана́сий Афана́сьевич Фет
54:23 November] 1820
1448:Publishing and Revolution
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377:Military service and the
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992:И весенней полон жаждой;
898:Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
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604:Literaturnaya biblioteka
594:Notes on Civilian Labour
558:In 1860s Fet translated
490:Retirement from the army
275:as influences, and met
113:Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet
18:Russian poet (1820–1892)
1249:Blagoy, Dmitry (1983).
165:; 5 December [
1668:(English Translations)
1014:На меня весельем веет,
1006:И тебе служить готова;
978:По листам затрепетало;
975:Что оно горячим светом
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742:Fet in his later years
680:My Memories: 1848–1889
555:
554:. 1875 poem autograph.
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349:, the latter's editor
341:Otechestvennye Zapiski
328:th) to be turned into
318:Otechestvennye Zapiski
309:Otechestvennye Zapiski
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232:
50:5 December [
529:Justice of the peace
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91:Vladimir Semenkovich
1712:People from Mtsensk
1283:Bezelyansky, Yuri.
566:Arthur Schopenhauer
484:Nikolay Dobrolyubov
1722:19th-century poets
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1661:Afanasy Fet. Poems
1426:Literaturnaya Mysl
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314:Vissarion Belinsky
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138:), later known as
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752:Mikhail Lermontov
669:Pyotr Tchaikovsky
653:Vladimir Solovyov
455:Poems by A.A. Fet
304:Pyotr Kudryavtsev
277:Apollon Grigoriev
259:to study law and
257:Moscow University
154:[ʂɨnˈʂɨn]
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1336:. az.lib.ru
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185:Biography
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504:khutor
271:, and
265:Goethe
242:German
195:German
77:Moscow
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698:Death
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