560:
604:
520:
122:
147:
674:
Slack, Kerryn E.; Jones, Craig M.; Ando, Tatsuro; Harrison, G.L. "Abby"; Fordyce, R. Ewan; Arnason, Ulfur; Penny, David (2006). "Early
Penguin Fossils, plus Mitochondrial Genomes, Calibrate Avian Evolution".
1310:
1050:
Kimball, R.T.; et al. (December 2013). "Identifying localized biases in large datasets: A case study using the Avian Tree of Life".
857:"Feraequornithes: a name for the clade formed by Procellariiformes, Sphenisciformes, Ciconiiformes, Suliformes and Pelecaniformes (Aves)"
716:
788:"Metaves, Mirandornithes, Strisores and other novelties – a critical review of the higher-level phylogeny of neornithine birds"
732:
Kuhl., H.; Frankl-Vilches, C.; Bakker, A.; Mayr, G.; Nikolaus, G.; Boerno, S. T.; Klages, S.; Timmermann, B.; Gahr, M. (2020).
1001:"Parsimony and model-based analyses of indels in avian nuclear genes reveal congruent and incongruent phylogenetic signals"
1305:
1175:
Burleigh, J.G.; et al. (March 2015). "Building the avian tree of life using a large-scale, sparse supermatrix".
1300:
1134:
Sangster, George; Braun, Edward L.; Johansson, Ulf S.; Kimball, Rebecca T.; Mayr, Gerald; Suh, Alexander (2022).
677:
948:
Hackett, S.J.; et al. (27 June 2008). "A phylogenomic study of birds reveals their evolutionary history".
1087:"Determining the Position of Storks on the Phylogenetic Tree of Waterbirds by Retroposon Insertion Analysis"
146:
559:
691:
1277:
657:
based on
Burleigh, J.G. et al. (2015) with some names after Sangster, G. & Mayr, G. (2021).
1250:
1212:
686:
603:
1272:
713:
1259:
957:
904:
734:"An unbiased molecular approach using 3'-UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life"
8:
873:
856:
961:
908:
1157:
1111:
1086:
1027:
1000:
981:
925:
892:
760:
733:
485:
251:
141:
1192:
1161:
1116:
1067:
1032:
973:
930:
819:
Sangster, G.; Braun, E.L.; Johansson, U.S.; Kimball, R.T.; Mayr, G.; Suh, A. (2022).
804:
787:
765:
704:
519:
498:
435:
364:
335:
201:
20:
1184:
1147:
1106:
1098:
1059:
1022:
1012:
985:
965:
920:
912:
868:
832:
799:
755:
745:
696:
427:
274:
121:
893:"Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds"
720:
541:
475:
431:
404:
360:
256:
111:
1188:
1063:
1152:
1135:
837:
820:
598:
423:
388:
376:
1294:
750:
368:
320:
129:
73:
969:
916:
700:
1235:
1196:
1120:
1071:
1036:
1017:
977:
934:
769:
708:
408:
346:
1244:
1102:
458:
434:
are the closest sister group of the
Aequornithes, in a clade later named
356:
237:
219:
48:
379:. It does not include several unrelated groups of aquatic birds such as
582:
419:
372:
93:
58:
654:
392:
342:
158:
98:
42:
35:
1206:
1229:
1136:"Phylogenetic definitions for 25 higher-level clade names of birds"
821:"Phylogenetic definitions for 25 higher-level clade names of birds"
380:
331:
178:
88:
83:
68:
63:
53:
1264:
514:
103:
78:
168:
301:
277:
1133:
818:
731:
554:
396:
384:
353:
313:
228:
298:
286:
792:
Journal of
Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research
462:
415:
188:
414:
Based on a whole-genome analysis of the bird orders, the
400:
345:
of the group is currently supported by several molecular
295:
330:, are defined as "the least inclusive clade containing
673:
304:
292:
283:
280:
850:
848:
289:
601:(herons, ibises, pelicans, shoebill and hamerkop)
1292:
845:
891:Jarvis, E.D.; et al. (12 December 2014).
854:
725:
120:
1151:
1110:
1026:
1016:
924:
872:
836:
803:
759:
749:
690:
1174:
1168:
1084:
886:
884:
426:) and the three species of tropicbirds (
1049:
947:
1311:Extant Maastrichtian first appearances
1293:
1043:
941:
890:
781:
779:
1211:
1210:
1177:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
881:
998:
874:10.3897/vertebrate-zoology.71.e61728
785:
667:
110:Possibly an earlier origin based on
992:
776:
13:
1085:Kuramoto, T.; et al. (2015).
14:
1322:
805:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2010.00586.x
602:
558:
518:
273:
145:
46:
1127:
1078:
855:Sangster, G.; Mayr, G. (2021).
738:Molecular Biology and Evolution
678:Molecular Biology and Evolution
999:Yuri, T.; et al. (2013).
812:
1:
660:
1091:Genome Biology and Evolution
585:(boobies, cormorants, etc.)
7:
1189:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.12.003
1064:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.05.029
10:
1329:
1153:10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100027
838:10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100027
719:December 16, 2009, at the
352:Aequornithes includes the
18:
1306:Taxa named by Gerald Mayr
1219:
596:
580:
573:
552:
545:
512:
496:
489:
479:
456:
449:
430:) together styled as the
247:Sangster & Mayr, 2021
234:
227:
142:Scientific classification
140:
128:
119:
30:
501:(albatross and petrels)
19:Not to be confused with
1301:Birds by classification
970:10.1126/science.1157704
917:10.1126/science.1253451
1018:10.3390/biology2010419
751:10.1093/molbev/msaa191
714:Supplementary Material
34:Temporal range: Early
1273:Paleobiology Database
786:Mayr, Gerald (2011).
701:10.1093/molbev/msj124
319:, expanse of water +
1052:Mol Phylogenet Evol
962:2008Sci...320.1763H
956:(5884): 1763–1768.
909:2014Sci...346.1320J
903:(6215): 1320–1331.
1103:10.1093/gbe/evv213
861:Vertebrate Zoology
486:Procellariimorphae
252:Austrodyptornithes
134:Thalassarche cauta
1288:
1287:
1213:Taxon identifiers
1097:(12): 3180–3189.
685:(#6): 1144–1155.
651:
650:
642:
641:
633:
632:
624:
623:
615:
614:
531:
530:
499:Procellariiformes
436:Phaethoquornithes
365:Procellariiformes
336:Phalacrocoracidae
266:
265:
223:
202:Phaethoquornithes
114:
21:Aequorlitornithes
1318:
1281:
1280:
1268:
1267:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1208:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1155:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1114:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1030:
1020:
996:
990:
989:
945:
939:
938:
928:
888:
879:
878:
876:
852:
843:
842:
840:
816:
810:
809:
807:
783:
774:
773:
763:
753:
729:
723:
712:
694:
671:
606:
576:
575:
562:
548:
547:
522:
492:
491:
482:
481:
452:
451:
442:
441:
428:Phaethontiformes
328:core water birds
311:
310:
307:
306:
303:
300:
297:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
279:
248:
218:
150:
149:
124:
109:
108:
45:
28:
27:
1328:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1276:
1271:
1263:
1258:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1215:
1205:
1204:
1173:
1169:
1132:
1128:
1083:
1079:
1048:
1044:
997:
993:
946:
942:
889:
882:
853:
846:
817:
813:
784:
777:
730:
726:
721:Wayback Machine
692:10.1.1.113.4549
672:
668:
663:
652:
643:
634:
625:
616:
542:Pelecanimorphae
532:
515:Sphenisciformes
476:Feraequornithes
432:Eurypygimorphae
405:Charadriiformes
361:Sphenisciformes
276:
272:
257:Pelecanimorphae
246:
245:
243:Feraequornithes
217:
144:
115:
112:molecular clock
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
40:
39:
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1326:
1325:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1269:
1256:
1241:
1225:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1203:
1202:
1167:
1140:Avian Research
1126:
1077:
1058:(3): 1021–32.
1042:
1011:(1): 419–444.
991:
940:
880:
844:
825:Avian Research
811:
775:
724:
665:
664:
662:
659:
649:
648:
645:
644:
640:
639:
636:
635:
631:
630:
627:
626:
622:
621:
618:
617:
613:
612:
609:
608:
599:Pelecaniformes
595:
592:
591:
588:
587:
579:
574:
572:
569:
568:
565:
564:
551:
546:
544:
538:
537:
534:
533:
529:
528:
525:
524:
511:
508:
507:
504:
503:
495:
490:
488:
480:
478:
472:
471:
468:
467:
455:
450:
448:
440:
424:Eurypygiformes
389:Mirandornithes
377:Pelecaniformes
264:
263:
262:
261:
260:
259:
254:
240:
232:
231:
225:
224:
212:
205:
204:
199:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
138:
137:
126:
125:
117:
116:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
33:
16:Clade of birds
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1324:
1323:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1130:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1081:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1046:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
995:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
944:
936:
932:
927:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
887:
885:
875:
870:
866:
862:
858:
851:
849:
839:
834:
830:
826:
822:
815:
806:
801:
797:
793:
789:
782:
780:
771:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
743:
739:
735:
728:
722:
718:
715:
710:
706:
702:
698:
693:
688:
684:
680:
679:
670:
666:
658:
656:
647:
646:
638:
637:
629:
628:
620:
619:
611:
610:
607:
605:
600:
594:
593:
590:
589:
586:
584:
578:
577:
571:
570:
567:
566:
563:
561:
556:
555:Ciconiiformes
550:
549:
543:
540:
539:
536:
535:
527:
526:
523:
521:
516:
510:
509:
506:
505:
502:
500:
494:
493:
487:
484:
483:
477:
474:
473:
470:
469:
466:
464:
460:
454:
453:
447:
444:
443:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
412:
411:(waterfowl).
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
369:Ciconiiformes
366:
362:
358:
355:
350:
348:
344:
339:
337:
333:
329:
326:, birds), or
325:
322:
318:
315:
309:
270:
258:
255:
253:
250:
249:
244:
241:
239:
236:
235:
233:
230:
226:
221:
216:
213:
210:
207:
206:
203:
200:
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
148:
143:
139:
135:
131:
130:Shy albatross
127:
123:
118:
113:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
44:
37:
29:
26:
22:
1251:Aequornithes
1221:Aequornithes
1220:
1180:
1176:
1170:
1143:
1139:
1129:
1094:
1090:
1080:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1008:
1004:
994:
953:
949:
943:
900:
896:
864:
860:
828:
824:
814:
798:(1): 58–76.
795:
791:
741:
737:
727:
682:
676:
669:
653:
597:
581:
553:
513:
497:
457:
446:Aequornithes
445:
413:
409:Anseriformes
351:
347:phylogenetic
340:
327:
323:
316:
269:Aequornithes
268:
267:
242:
215:Aequornithes
214:
208:
195:
133:
38:–Holocene
31:Aequornithes
25:
1245:Wikispecies
744:: 108–127.
517:(penguins)
459:Gaviiformes
357:Gaviiformes
238:Gaviiformes
1295:Categories
1146:: 100027.
831:: 100027.
661:References
583:Suliformes
420:sunbittern
407:), or the
393:shorebirds
373:Suliformes
41:62–0
1183:: 53–63.
1162:247988800
867:: 49–53.
687:CiteSeerX
655:Cladogram
557:(storks)
381:flamingos
349:studies.
343:monophyly
165:Kingdom:
159:Eukaryota
36:Paleocene
1265:51381590
1230:Wikidata
1197:25550149
1121:26527652
1072:23791948
1037:24832669
978:18583609
935:25504713
770:32781465
717:Archived
709:16533822
332:Gaviidae
324:ornithes
179:Chordata
175:Phylum:
169:Animalia
155:Domain:
1112:4700946
1028:4009869
1005:Biology
986:6472805
958:Bibcode
950:Science
926:4405904
905:Bibcode
897:Science
761:7783168
312:, from
185:Class:
1278:206280
1236:Q43657
1195:
1160:
1119:
1109:
1070:
1035:
1025:
984:
976:
933:
923:
768:
758:
707:
689:
399:, and
385:grebes
354:clades
317:aequor
229:Clades
222:, 2010
1158:S2CID
982:S2CID
463:loons
397:gulls
321:Greek
314:Latin
209:Clade
196:Clade
1193:PMID
1117:PMID
1068:PMID
1033:PMID
974:PMID
931:PMID
766:PMID
705:PMID
418:and
416:kagu
401:auks
383:and
375:and
341:The
334:and
220:Mayr
189:Aves
49:PreꞒ
1260:EoL
1185:doi
1148:doi
1107:PMC
1099:doi
1060:doi
1023:PMC
1013:doi
966:doi
954:320
921:PMC
913:doi
901:346
869:doi
833:doi
800:doi
756:PMC
746:doi
697:doi
438:.
391:),
338:".
287:ɔːr
1297::
1275::
1262::
1247::
1232::
1191:.
1181:84
1179:.
1156:.
1144:13
1142:.
1138:.
1115:.
1105:.
1093:.
1089:.
1066:.
1056:69
1054:.
1031:.
1021:.
1007:.
1003:.
980:.
972:.
964:.
952:.
929:.
919:.
911:.
899:.
895:.
883:^
865:71
863:.
859:.
847:^
829:13
827:.
823:.
796:49
794:.
790:.
778:^
764:.
754:.
742:38
740:.
736:.
703:.
695:.
683:23
681:.
465:)
395:,
371:,
367:,
363:,
359:,
302:iː
278:iː
211::
198::
136:)
99:Pg
43:Ma
1199:.
1187::
1164:.
1150::
1123:.
1101::
1095:7
1074:.
1062::
1039:.
1015::
1009:2
988:.
968::
960::
937:.
915::
907::
877:.
871::
841:.
835::
808:.
802::
772:.
748::
711:.
699::
461:(
422:(
403:(
387:(
308:/
305:z
299:θ
296:ɪ
293:n
290:ˈ
284:w
281:k
275:/
271:(
132:(
104:N
94:K
89:J
84:T
79:P
74:C
69:D
64:S
59:O
54:Ꞓ
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
