232:
3472:
3520:
3508:
3496:
52:
3484:
95:(AE) refers to any unexpected and inappropriate occurrence at the time a drug is used, whether or not the event is associated with the administration of the drug. An ADR is a special type of AE in which a causative relationship can be shown. ADRs are only one type of medication-related harm. Another type of medication-related harm type includes not taking prescribed medications, known as
707:
ADEs. Nearly 8 in 1,000 adults aged 65 years or older experienced one of the four most common ADEs (steroids, antibiotics, opiates/narcotics, and anticoagulants) during hospitalization. A study showed that 48% of patients had an adverse drug reaction to at least one drug, and pharmacist involvement
691:
Medication related harm (MRH) is common after hospital discharge in older adults, but methodological inconsistencies between studies and a paucity of data on risk factors limits clear understanding of the epidemiology. There was a wide range in incidence, from 0.4% to 51.2% of participants, and 35%
298:
includes how genes can predict potential adverse drug reactions. However, pharmacogenomics is not limited to adverse events (of any type), but also looks at how genes may impact other responses to medications, such as low/no effect or expected/normal responses (especially based on drug metabolism).
670:
setting. Approximately 2.8% of all ADEs present on admission and 4.4% of ADEs that originated during a hospital stay were caused by a sedative or hypnotic drug. A second study by AHRQ found that in 2011, the most common specifically identified causes of adverse drug events that originated during
730:
in 2013-2014. From this article, an estimated prevalence of adverse drug events that were presented to the emergency department (ED) was 4 events out of every 1000 people. This article reported that 57.1% of these adverse drug events presented to the ED were in females. As well, out of all of the
163:
Other types of adverse drug reactions are Type C, Type D, Type E, and Type F. Type C was categorized for chronic adverse drug reactions, Type D for delayed adverse drug reactions, Type E for withdrawal adverse drug reactions, and Type F for failure of therapy as an adverse drug reaction. Adverse
203:
Severity is a measure of the intensity of the adverse event in question. The terms "severe" and "serious", when applied to adverse events, are technically very different. They are easily confused but can not be used interchangeably, requiring care in usage. Seriousness usually indicates patient
585:
to a specific agent often proves difficult, unless the event is found during a clinical study or large databases are used. Both methods have difficulties and can be fraught with error. Even in clinical studies, some ADRs may be missed as large numbers of test individuals are required to find a
856:
566:, the Venulet algorithm and the WHO causality term assessment criteria. Each have pros and cons associated with their use and most require some level of expert judgement to apply. An ADR should not be labeled as 'certain' unless the ADR abates with a
1840:
687:
and opiates/narcotics compared to those treated in urban nonteaching hospitals. Those treated in private, nonprofit hospitals had higher rates of most ADE causes compared to patients treated in public or private, for-profit hospitals.
975:
391:
Protein binding interactions are usually transient and mild until a new steady state is achieved. These are mainly for drugs without much first-pass liver metabolism. The principal plasma proteins for drug binding are:
2547:
2524:
2989:
1234:
878:
622:, where individuals can report adverse drug events. Healthcare professionals, consumers, and the pharmaceutical industry can all submit information to this system. For health products marketed in
551:(P-gp) efflux pump inhibitor, which when given with apixaban (a substrate for P-gp) will lead to increased absorption of apixaban, resulting in the same adverse effects as with CYP3A4 inhibition.
122:
Type A reactions, which constitute approximately 80% of adverse drug reactions, are usually a consequence of the drug's primary pharmacological effect (e.g., bleeding when using the anticoagulant
3723:
1949:
753:
692:
to 59% of harm was preventable. Medication related harm incidence within 30 days after discharge ranged from 167 to 500 events per 1,000 individuals discharged (17–51% of individuals).
1871:
Curry SC, O'Connor AD, Graeme KA, Kang AM (2019). "Chapter 13: Neurotransmitters and
Neuromodulators". In Nelson LS, Howland MA, Lewin NA, Smith SW, Goldfrank LR, Hoffman RS (eds.).
529:, which when combined with other medications that utilize the same proteins can lead to either toxic or sub-therapeutic adverse effects. One example of this is a patient taking a
193:
Disability — significant, persistent, or permanent change, impairment, damage or disruption in the patient's body function/structure, physical activities or quality of life.
586:
specific adverse drug reaction, especially for rare ADRs. Psychiatric ADRs are often missed as they are grouped together in the questionnaires used to assess the population.
2850:
2405:
562:
assessment is used to determine the likelihood that a drug caused a suspected ADR. There are a number of different methods used to judge causation, including the
1425:
Phillips KA, Veenstra DL, Oren E, Lee JK, Sadee W (November 2001). "Potential role of pharmacogenomics in reducing adverse drug reactions: a systematic review".
164:
drug reactions can also be categorized using time-relatedness, dose-relatedness, and susceptibility, which collectively are called the DoTS classification.
1731:
1977:
2755:
2143:
574:
of the onset of the suspected ADR is important, as another substance or factor may be implicated as a cause; co-prescribed medications and underlying
758:
160:
Types A and B were proposed in the 1970s, and the other types were proposed subsequently when the first two proved insufficient to classify ADRs.
630:
called The Canada
Vigilance Program is responsible for surveillance. Both healthcare professionals and consumers can report to this program. In
1342:"Medication appropriateness tool for co-morbid health conditions in dementia: consensus recommendations from a multidisciplinary expert panel"
2843:
2707:
818:
2114:
2083:
3804:
655:
2295:
2195:
276:
insufficiency, may alter drug metabolism. Resources are available that report changes in a drug's metabolism due to disease states.
3749:
3558:
2836:
2816:
547:, which results in elevated blood concentrations of apixaban and greater risk of serious bleeds. Additionally, Clarithromycin is a
3809:
2760:
2490:
Incidence of adverse drug reactions in human immune deficiency virus-positive patients using highly active antiretroviral therapy
1553:
715:
concluded that the cost of the 50-100 million preventable error-related adverse drug events would be between US$ 18–115 billion.
134:), and they are therefore predictable. They are dose-related and usually mild, although they may be serious or even fatal (e.g.
3654:
2620:
495:
138:
from warfarin). Such reactions are usually due to inappropriate dosage, especially when drug elimination is impaired. The term
17:
3754:
3728:
3588:
3009:
1880:
1747:
1401:
1272:
1066:
3659:
99:. Non-adherence to medications can lead to death and other negative outcomes. Adverse drug reactions require the use of a
3718:
3687:
3649:
3598:
3326:
3014:
1082:
Iasella CJ, Johnson HJ, Dunn MA (February 2017). "Adverse Drug
Reactions: Type A (Intrinsic) or Type B (Idiosyncratic)".
1667:
DeVane CL (2002). "Clinical significance of drug binding, protein binding, and binding displacement drug interactions".
1235:"ICH E2A Clinical safety data management: definitions and standards for expedited reporting — Scientific guideline"
85:" because side effects can be beneficial as well as detrimental. The study of ADRs is the concern of the field known as
3119:
2394:
1199:
619:
3874:
3824:
857:
International
Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use
567:
287:
are more likely to experience adverse effects, and that they are less likely to be able to reliably report symptoms.
2271:
Weiss AJ, Elixhauser A (2006). "Characteristics of
Adverse Drug Events Originating During the Hospital Stay, 2011".
3834:
3669:
3603:
3112:
1728:
635:
3829:
3608:
2058:
3932:
3593:
2169:
302:
Abnormal drug metabolism may be due to inherited factors of either Phase I oxidation or Phase II conjugation.
3864:
3733:
3139:
2750:
3900:
3879:
3854:
3551:
3336:
3145:
2245:
Weiss AJ, Elixhauser A, Bae J, Encinosa W (2006). "Origin of
Adverse Drug Events in U.S. Hospitals, 2011".
1632:
Evans WE, McLeod HL (February 2003). "Pharmacogenomics--drug disposition, drug targets, and side effects".
979:
923:
615:
594:
Many countries have official bodies that monitor drug safety and reactions. On an international level, the
442:
or adverse effects. One example of this is multiple medications administered concurrently that prolong the
364:
318:
or due to drug interactions. Tables are available to check for drug interactions due to P450 interactions.
173:
2984:
2786:
2781:
1010:
929:
149:
81:
or may result from the combination of two or more drugs. The meaning of this term differs from the term "
638:(TGA) conducts postmarket monitoring of therapeutic products. In the UK, a monitoring system called the
3869:
3450:
2613:
1289:
1694:
Benet LZ, Hoener BA (March 2002). "Changes in plasma protein binding have little clinical relevance".
1132:
Aronson JK (2002). "Drug therapy". In
Haslett C, Chilvers ER, Boon NA, Colledge NR, Hunter JA (eds.).
731:
adverse drug events presented to the emergency department documented in this article, 17.6% were from
618:(FDA) is responsible for monitoring post-marketing studies. The FDA has a reporting system called the
3844:
3839:
3488:
3221:
3129:
3034:
3024:
2927:
886:
607:
599:
2296:"Incidence of Medication-Related Harm in Older Adults After Hospital Discharge: A Systematic Review"
3583:
3403:
3019:
3004:
2934:
2912:
2733:
2570:
1999:
Holvey C, Connolly A, Taylor D (August 2010). "Psychiatric side effects of non-psychiatric drugs".
1392:
Roden DM, Van Driest SL, Brunton LL, Knollmann BC (2023). "Pharmacogenetics and
Pharmacogenomics".
499:
924:"Clarifying adverse drug events: a clinician's guide to terminology, documentation, and reporting"
3859:
3819:
3544:
3331:
2922:
2661:
793:
216:
3849:
3664:
3418:
3398:
3107:
2964:
2728:
1117:
Rawlins MD, Thompson JW (1977). "Pathogenesis of adverse drug reactions.". In Davies DM (ed.).
575:
348:
which conjugated some drugs to facilitate excretion may affect the metabolism of drugs such as
310:
Phase I reactions include metabolism by cytochrome P450. Patients have abnormal metabolism by
3759:
3373:
3341:
3095:
3085:
2744:
2606:
1805:
Kim J, Parish AL (September 2017). "Polypharmacy and
Medication Management in Older Adults".
942:
763:
712:
455:
326:
322:
135:
31:
3937:
3631:
3500:
3368:
1899:
Mar PL, Gopinathannair R, Gengler BE, Chung MK, Perez A, Dukes J, et al. (June 2022).
1508:
798:
723:
96:
8:
3895:
3702:
3512:
3455:
3363:
3316:
3190:
3029:
2646:
2551:
2174:
Australian
Government Department of Health and Aged Care Therapeutic Goods Administration
778:
156:. These reactions can be due to particular elements within the person or the environment.
2496:
2489:
1512:
1316:"MATCH-D Medication Appropriateness Tool for Comorbid Health conditions during Dementia"
204:
outcome (such as negative outcomes including disability, long-term effects, and death).
152:: Type B reactions are not dose-dependent and are not predictable, and so may be called
3814:
3697:
3425:
3378:
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2702:
2463:
2438:
2370:
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1969:
1925:
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1366:
1341:
1034:
1005:
954:
823:
643:
639:
487:
483:
475:
467:
463:
207:
In adverse drug reactions, the seriousness of the reaction is important for reporting.
2556:
1176:
1151:
438:
Two or more drugs that contribute to the same mechanism in the body can have additive
3927:
3764:
3692:
3519:
3476:
3408:
3388:
3282:
3124:
3055:
2791:
2738:
2581:
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2468:
2375:
2318:
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2250:
2039:
2016:
1930:
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1099:
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1039:
946:
563:
342:
127:
87:
2330:
1973:
1950:"An Investigation of Disagreement in Causality Assessment of Adverse Drug Reactions"
1779:
958:
3383:
3237:
2954:
2492:
2458:
2450:
2437:
Shehab N, Lovegrove MC, Geller AI, Rose KO, Weidle NJ, Budnitz DS (November 2016).
2365:
2357:
2310:
2008:
1961:
1948:
Davies EC, Rowe PH, James S, Nickless G, Ganguli A, Danjuma M, et al. (2011).
1920:
1912:
1814:
1759:
1748:"Revisiting the significance of warfarin protein-binding displacement interactions"
1723:
1703:
1641:
1601:
1524:
1516:
1469:
1460:
Goldstein DB (February 2003). "Pharmacogenetics in the laboratory and the clinic".
1434:
1361:
1353:
1171:
1163:
1091:
1029:
1019:
938:
526:
511:
423:
295:
117:
Type A: augmented pharmacological effects, which are dose-dependent and predictable
2828:
2012:
1783:
1024:
683:. Patients treated in urban teaching hospitals had higher rates of ADEs involving
486:
in certain cases and individuals). Some of the medications that can contribute to
3618:
3524:
3351:
3257:
3206:
3064:
2697:
2575:
519:
447:
330:
311:
231:
2537:
279:
The Medication Appropriateness Tool for Comorbid Health Conditions in Dementia (
3679:
3180:
2999:
2994:
2860:
2812:
2666:
2656:
1818:
1520:
772:
768:
603:
548:
537:
515:
491:
376:
2541:
2533:
2439:"US Emergency Department Visits for Outpatient Adverse Drug Events, 2013-2014"
1916:
1411:
1167:
1095:
3921:
3776:
3435:
3090:
2990:
Eosinophilic, polymorphic, and pruritic eruption associated with radiotherapy
2671:
2651:
2586:
2220:
1561:
1438:
1340:
Page AT, Potter K, Clifford R, McLachlan AJ, Etherton-Beer C (October 2016).
732:
727:
704:
680:
627:
611:
541:
273:
269:
177:
92:
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1707:
3641:
3626:
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2949:
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2886:
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2723:
2692:
2641:
2472:
2379:
2322:
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2254:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2043:
2020:
1934:
1826:
1771:
1715:
1680:
1653:
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1538:
1481:
1446:
1375:
1185:
1103:
1043:
950:
803:
783:
459:
427:
380:
357:
251:
2361:
970:
968:
77:. ADRs may occur following a single dose or prolonged administration of a
3575:
3536:
3242:
3216:
3211:
2917:
2907:
2676:
1645:
1606:
1589:
788:
443:
404:
353:
240:
140:
82:
2102:
1473:
3771:
3440:
3393:
3321:
3247:
3164:
3134:
3080:
2939:
2115:"Questions and Answers on FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)"
1965:
965:
813:
736:
684:
676:
571:
534:
462:. Another example of additive effects for adverse drug reactions is in
372:
100:
74:
2314:
1841:"Drug-Induced Prolongation of the QT Interval and Torsades de Pointes"
1763:
1357:
1152:"Joining the DoTS: new approach to classifying adverse drug reactions"
3781:
3445:
3413:
2944:
631:
582:
559:
479:
471:
349:
236:
2516:
3294:
3059:
2275:. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US).
2249:. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US).
976:"Why You Need to Take Your Medications as Prescribed or Instructed"
808:
740:
700:
667:
663:
659:
544:
439:
411:
284:
220:
123:
2393:
Ebel T, George K, Larsen E, Neal E, Shah K, Shi D (October 2012).
2196:"Yellow Card Scheme looks to the future at 50th anniversary forum"
1293:
540:, as well as another medication metabolized by CYP3A4 such as the
219:
cause systemic effects, although they are administered locally as
3724:
Leukotriene receptor antagonist-associated Churg–Strauss syndrome
3252:
3039:
2395:"Strength in unity:The promise of global standards in healthcare"
2273:
Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Statistical Briefs
2247:
Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Statistical Briefs
672:
451:
396:
280:
131:
1495:
Hakkola J, Hukkanen J, Turpeinen M, Pelkonen O (November 2020).
1494:
1394:
Goodman & Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics
848:
2598:
2528:
2294:
Parekh N, Ali K, Page A, Roper T, Rajkumar C (September 2018).
1391:
1136:(19th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier Science. pp. 147–163.
696:
623:
530:
522:
315:
247:
199:
Requires intervention to prevent permanent impairment or damage
51:
1497:"Inhibition and induction of CYP enzymes in humans: an update"
1898:
1551:
1315:
703:
than males in 2011, while male patients had a higher rate of
646:
was set up to surveil medications and other health products.
244:
2138:
2136:
570:
protocol (stopping and starting the agent in question). The
243:. Other causes were excluded with extensive investigations.
2881:
1870:
1554:"The Flockhart Cytochrome P450 Drug-Drug Interaction Table"
1339:
722:(JAMA) in 2016 reported adverse drug event statistics from
719:
78:
2346:"Adverse drug reactions: a potential role for pharmacists"
2244:
2221:"Information | Making medicines and medical devices safer"
666:
were a leading source for adverse drug events seen in the
2436:
2133:
695:
In the U.S., females had a higher rate of ADEs involving
595:
180:
as one when the patient outcome is one of the following:
223:, since a fraction escapes to the systemic circulation.
1947:
1560:. Indiana University School of Medicine. Archived from
1424:
478:(though therapeutic doses of one agent that increases
2059:"The WHO Programme for International Drug Monitoring"
2056:
1552:
Flockhart DA, Thacker D, McDonald C, Desta Z (2021).
1545:
2506:
2392:
1998:
1901:"Drug Interactions Affecting Oral Anticoagulant Use"
1059:
A Textbook of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
2858:
2266:
2264:
920:
73:) is a harmful, unintended result caused by taking
2756:Political abuse of psychiatry in the United States
2293:
1081:
922:
1003:
3919:
2261:
759:Classification of Pharmaco-Therapeutic Referrals
2270:
1741:
1739:
1627:
1625:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1145:
1143:
1116:
720:The Journal of the American Medical Association
2432:
2430:
2428:
2426:
1745:
1134:Davidson's principles and practice of medicine
1121:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 10.
999:
997:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
268:Various diseases, especially those that cause
3552:
2844:
2708:Prescription drug prices in the United States
2614:
1905:Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology
1866:
1864:
1862:
1387:
1385:
1149:
754:Alleged problems in the drug approval process
2027:
1992:
1746:Sands CD, Chan ES, Welty TE (October 2002).
1736:
1687:
1660:
1622:
1587:
1576:
1453:
1418:
1140:
921:Nebeker JR, Barach P, Samore MH (May 2004).
819:The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics
258:
2423:
1894:
1892:
1693:
1631:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
994:
901:
3805:Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis
3566:
3559:
3545:
3495:
2851:
2837:
2621:
2607:
2303:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
1859:
1382:
1004:Coleman JJ, Pontefract SK (October 2016).
843:
841:
656:Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
263:
50:
2462:
2386:
2369:
1924:
1804:
1605:
1528:
1459:
1365:
1175:
1033:
1023:
708:helps to pick up adverse drug reactions.
329:) may affect metabolism of drugs such as
144:may be applied to minor type A reactions.
3750:Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome
1889:
1396:(14th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
1218:
1061:. Great Britain: CRC Press. p. 62.
943:10.7326/0003-4819-140-10-200405180-00009
433:
230:
27:Harmful, unintended result of medication
3810:Generalized bullous fixed drug eruption
2761:Political abuse of psychiatry in Russia
2350:The British Journal of General Practice
2337:
2084:"Pharmacovigilance: post-authorisation"
1256:
1150:Aronson JK, Ferner RE (November 2003).
1131:
838:
470:). If medications that cause increased
414:are due to changes in protein binding.
14:
3920:
3655:Chemotherapy-induced hyperpigmentation
2033:
1696:Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
1666:
1056:
879:"Adverse Drug Reaction (Code C142385)"
554:
190:Hospitalization (initial or prolonged)
3755:Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome
3729:Methotrexate-induced papular eruption
3589:Sulfonamide hypersensitivity syndrome
3540:
3010:Radiation-induced erythema multiforme
2832:
2602:
2343:
505:
336:
3660:Scleroderma-like reaction to taxanes
3483:
2001:British Journal of Hospital Medicine
1807:The Nursing Clinics of North America
1267:. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.
1262:
853:Guideline For Good Clinical Practice
589:
474:levels are combined, they can cause
417:
305:
3719:Adverse reaction to biologic agents
3688:Anticoagulant-induced skin necrosis
3650:Chemotherapy-induced acral erythema
3599:Adverse effects of fluoroquinolones
3327:Pseudoverrucous papules and nodules
3015:Radiation-induced hypertrophic scar
2119:U.S. Food & Drug Administration
1873:Goldfrank's toxicologic emergencies
1634:The New England Journal of Medicine
1594:The New England Journal of Medicine
1462:The New England Journal of Medicine
1204:U.S. Food & Drug Administration
24:
2483:
1200:"What is a Serious Adverse Event?"
1119:Textbook of adverse drug reactions
620:FDA Adverse Event Reporting System
386:
314:due to either inheriting abnormal
290:
283:) criteria warns that people with
25:
3949:
3875:HIV disease-related drug reaction
3825:Drug-related gingival hyperplasia
2502:
2411:from the original on 19 June 2022
1558:Division of Clinical Pharmacology
568:challenge-dechallenge-rechallenge
371:may affect the metabolism of the
235:Adverse drug reaction leading to
106:
3835:Drug-induced lupus erythematosus
3670:Exudative hyponychial dermatitis
3518:
3506:
3494:
3482:
3471:
3470:
3113:Inner ear decompression sickness
2628:
1588:Weinshilboum R (February 2003).
671:hospital stays in the U.S. were
636:Therapeutic Goods Administration
3830:Drug-induced lichenoid reaction
3507:
2686:Economic and financial concerns
2287:
2238:
2213:
2188:
2162:
2076:
2050:
1941:
1833:
1798:
1590:"Inheritance and drug response"
1488:
1333:
1308:
1282:
1192:
649:
533:(CYP3A4) inhibitor such as the
130:of the drug (e.g., nausea from
3594:Urticarial erythema multiforme
1875:(11th ed.). McGraw Hill.
1125:
1110:
1075:
1050:
883:Enterprise Vocabulary Services
871:
430:, especially in older adults.
239:(drug-induced hepatitis) with
167:
111:
13:
1:
3865:Linear IgA bullous dermatosis
3734:Adverse reaction to cytokines
3347:environmental skin conditions
3140:High-altitude pulmonary edema
2751:Political abuse of psychiatry
2013:10.12968/hmed.2010.71.8.77664
1752:The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
1025:10.7861/clinmedicine.16-5-481
831:
642:was established in 1964. The
226:
59:A rash due to a drug reaction
3901:Serum sickness-like reaction
3880:Photosensitive drug reaction
3337:Tropical anhidrotic asthenia
3146:High-altitude cerebral edema
2036:Ryoikibetsu Shokogun Shirizu
980:Food and Drug Administration
616:Food and Drug Administration
510:Some medications can either
410:Some drug interactions with
174:Food and Drug Administration
7:
3609:Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction
3359:frictional/traumatic/sports
2985:Chronic radiation keratosis
2787:Hospital-acquired infection
2782:Hospital-acquired pneumonia
2170:"How we regulate medicines"
2057:Uppsala Monitoring Centre.
1669:Psychopharmacology Bulletin
930:Annals of Internal Medicine
746:
658:(AHRQ) found that in 2011,
578:may be factors in the ADR.
210:
10:
3954:
3870:Toxic epidermal necrolysis
3451:Pseudoacanthosis nigricans
2404:. McKinsey & Company.
2144:"Canada Vigilance Program"
1819:10.1016/j.cnur.2017.04.007
1521:10.1007/s00204-020-02936-7
927:. Improving patient care.
29:
3888:
3845:Drug-induced pigmentation
3840:Drug-induced nail changes
3797:
3790:
3742:
3711:
3678:
3640:
3617:
3574:
3466:
3303:
3275:
3230:
3222:Space adaptation syndrome
3199:
3173:
3157:
3130:Chronic mountain sickness
3073:
3048:
3035:Radiation recall reaction
3025:Radiation-induced morphea
2977:
2928:Warm water immersion foot
2900:
2874:
2867:
2805:
2769:
2716:
2685:
2634:
2510:
2344:Yeung EY (October 2015).
2088:European Medicines Agency
1917:10.1161/CIRCEP.121.007956
1346:Internal Medicine Journal
1242:European Medicines Agency
1168:10.1136/bmj.327.7425.1222
1096:10.1016/j.cld.2016.08.005
887:National Cancer Institute
679:, opiates/narcotics, and
608:European Medicines Agency
600:Uppsala Monitoring Centre
549:permeability glycoprotein
500:tricyclic antidepressants
259:Abnormal pharmacokinetics
58:
49:
44:
3855:Stevens–Johnson syndrome
3584:Penicillin drug reaction
3404:Weathering nodule of ear
3020:Radiation-induced keloid
3005:Radiation-induced cancer
2935:Non-freezing cold injury
2913:Immersion foot syndromes
2734:Compulsory sterilization
1439:10.1001/jama.286.18.2270
1084:Clinics in Liver Disease
1006:"Adverse drug reactions"
718:An article published in
217:ocular antihypertensives
30:Not to be confused with
3860:Injection site reaction
3820:Drug-induced angioedema
3798:Skin and body membranes
3332:Sclerosing lymphangitis
2923:Tropical immersion foot
2662:Unnecessary health care
2455:10.1001/jama.2016.16201
1708:10.1067/mcp.2002.121829
794:List of withdrawn drugs
264:Comorbid disease states
3850:Drug-induced urticaria
3665:Hydroxyurea dermopathy
3568:Adverse drug reactions
3419:Painful fat herniation
3399:Vibration white finger
3108:Decompression sickness
2965:Erythrocyanosis crurum
2729:Sluggish schizophrenia
2225:yellowcard.mhra.gov.uk
1501:Archives of Toxicology
713:McKinsey & Company
576:psychiatric conditions
255:
196:Congenital abnormality
18:Adverse drug reactions
3933:Clinical pharmacology
3760:Vaccine adverse event
3374:Fissure of the nipple
3342:UV-sensitive syndrome
3267:Adverse drug reaction
3096:Middle ear barotrauma
3086:Arterial gas embolism
2806:Records and histories
2777:Adverse drug reaction
2745:The Protest Psychosis
2362:10.3399/bjgp15X686821
2034:Otsubo T (2003). "".
1732:summary table at OVID
764:Drug therapy problems
724:emergency departments
456:macrolide antibiotics
434:Additive drug effects
323:butyrylcholinesterase
234:
136:intracranial bleeding
67:adverse drug reaction
45:Adverse drug reaction
32:Vaccine adverse event
3632:Steroid folliculitis
3369:Equestrian perniosis
2148:Government of Canada
1646:10.1056/NEJMra020526
1607:10.1056/NEJMra020021
799:Paradoxical reaction
401:α1-acid glycoprotein
363:Inheriting abnormal
341:Inheriting abnormal
327:pseudocholinesterase
321:Inheriting abnormal
3896:Fixed drug reaction
3456:Narcotic dermopathy
3364:Black heel and palm
3317:Dermatosis neglecta
3191:Psychological abuse
3030:Radiation poisoning
2647:Medical malpractice
2090:. 17 September 2018
1786:on 7 September 2008
1513:2020ArTox..94.3671H
1474:10.1056/NEJMe020173
1290:"Clinical Drug Use"
1162:(7425): 1222–1225.
779:History of pharmacy
555:Assessing causality
531:cytochrome P450 3A4
458:, such as systemic
3698:Vitamin K reaction
3426:Uranium dermatosis
3379:Pulling boat hands
3288:Lightning injuries
2703:Financial toxicity
2356:(639): 511.1–511.
1966:10.1007/bf03256843
1320:www.match-d.com.au
1296:on 1 November 2007
1057:Ritter JM (2008).
982:. 16 February 2016
824:Yellow Card Scheme
735:, 16.1% were from
644:Yellow Card Scheme
640:Yellow Card Scheme
506:Altered metabolism
488:serotonin toxicity
484:serotonin toxicity
476:serotonin toxicity
468:serotonin syndrome
464:serotonin toxicity
426:is increased with
369:-methyltransferase
346:-acetyltransferase
337:Phase II reactions
256:
176:defines a serious
3913:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3815:Drug-induced acne
3765:Eczema vaccinatum
3693:Warfarin necrosis
3534:
3533:
3283:Electrical injury
3125:Altitude sickness
2973:
2972:
2826:
2825:
2792:Iatrogenic anemia
2739:Physician gag law
2596:
2595:
2449:(20): 2115–2125.
2315:10.1111/jgs.15419
2150:. 24 January 2008
1882:978-1-259-85961-8
1764:10.1345/aph.1A208
1507:(11): 3671–3722.
1403:978-1-264-25807-9
1358:10.1111/imj.13215
1352:(10): 1189–1197.
1274:978-0-443-07145-4
1206:. 1 February 2016
1068:978-0-340-90046-8
1011:Clinical Medicine
739:, and 13.3% from
590:Monitoring bodies
564:Naranjo algorithm
527:drug transporters
520:drug metabolizing
482:levels can cause
424:drug interactions
418:Drug interactions
306:Phase I reactions
128:therapeutic index
88:pharmacovigilance
63:
62:
39:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
3945:
3795:
3794:
3703:Texier's disease
3604:Red man syndrome
3561:
3554:
3547:
3538:
3537:
3522:
3510:
3509:
3498:
3497:
3486:
3485:
3474:
3473:
3310:physical factors
3306:skin conditions
3238:Hypersensitivity
2955:Cold intolerance
2872:
2871:
2859:Consequences of
2853:
2846:
2839:
2830:
2829:
2770:Related concerns
2623:
2616:
2609:
2600:
2599:
2508:
2507:
2477:
2476:
2466:
2434:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2410:
2399:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2373:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2309:(9): 1812–1822.
2300:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2268:
2259:
2258:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2140:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2111:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2031:
2025:
2024:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1976:. Archived from
1945:
1939:
1938:
1928:
1896:
1887:
1886:
1868:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1782:. Archived from
1743:
1734:
1727:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1629:
1620:
1619:
1609:
1585:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1564:on 27 March 2023
1549:
1543:
1542:
1532:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1389:
1380:
1379:
1369:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1292:. Archived from
1286:
1280:
1278:
1263:Rang HP (2003).
1260:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1239:
1231:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1179:
1147:
1138:
1137:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1037:
1027:
1001:
992:
991:
989:
987:
972:
963:
962:
926:
918:
899:
898:
896:
894:
875:
869:
868:
866:
864:
845:
296:Pharmacogenomics
187:Life-threatening
54:
42:
41:
21:
3953:
3952:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3905:
3884:
3786:
3738:
3707:
3674:
3636:
3613:
3570:
3565:
3535:
3530:
3462:
3352:Electrical burn
3309:
3308:resulting from
3307:
3305:
3299:
3271:
3258:Arthus reaction
3226:
3207:Motion sickness
3195:
3169:
3153:
3069:
3065:Oxygen toxicity
3044:
2969:
2896:
2863:
2861:external causes
2857:
2827:
2822:
2801:
2765:
2717:Political abuse
2712:
2698:Balance billing
2681:
2630:
2627:
2597:
2592:
2591:
2519:
2505:
2486:
2484:Further reading
2481:
2480:
2435:
2424:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2397:
2391:
2387:
2342:
2338:
2298:
2292:
2288:
2269:
2262:
2243:
2239:
2229:
2227:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2204:
2202:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2179:
2177:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2153:
2151:
2142:
2141:
2134:
2124:
2122:
2113:
2112:
2103:
2093:
2091:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2067:
2065:
2055:
2051:
2032:
2028:
1997:
1993:
1983:
1981:
1946:
1942:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1869:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1847:. 29 April 2023
1839:
1838:
1834:
1803:
1799:
1789:
1787:
1744:
1737:
1692:
1688:
1665:
1661:
1630:
1623:
1586:
1577:
1567:
1565:
1550:
1546:
1493:
1489:
1458:
1454:
1423:
1419:
1404:
1390:
1383:
1338:
1334:
1324:
1322:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1299:
1297:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1275:
1261:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1219:
1209:
1207:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1148:
1141:
1130:
1126:
1115:
1111:
1080:
1076:
1069:
1055:
1051:
1002:
995:
985:
983:
974:
973:
966:
937:(10): 795–801.
919:
902:
892:
890:
877:
876:
872:
862:
860:
847:
846:
839:
834:
829:
749:
654:A study by the
652:
592:
557:
508:
448:antiarrhythmics
436:
420:
389:
387:Protein binding
339:
331:succinylcholine
312:cytochrome P450
308:
293:
291:Genetic factors
266:
261:
229:
213:
170:
114:
109:
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3951:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3892:
3890:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3801:
3799:
3792:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3757:
3752:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3684:
3682:
3680:Anticoagulants
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3646:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3623:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3580:
3578:
3572:
3571:
3564:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3541:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3516:
3504:
3492:
3480:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3428:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3409:Wrestler's ear
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3389:Surfer's knots
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3313:
3311:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3234:
3232:
3231:Adverse effect
3228:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3181:Physical abuse
3177:
3175:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3143:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
3000:Radiation burn
2997:
2995:Radiation acne
2992:
2987:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2910:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2878:
2876:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2856:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2833:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2813:Drug pollution
2809:
2807:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2667:Adverse effect
2664:
2659:
2657:Patient safety
2654:
2649:
2644:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2603:
2594:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2578:
2567:
2544:
2520:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:Classification
2504:
2503:External links
2501:
2500:
2499:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2422:
2385:
2336:
2286:
2260:
2237:
2212:
2187:
2176:. 20 June 2019
2161:
2132:
2101:
2075:
2049:
2038:(40): 369–73.
2026:
1991:
1980:on 1 July 2012
1940:
1911:(6): e007956.
1888:
1881:
1858:
1832:
1813:(3): 457–468.
1797:
1758:(10): 1642–4.
1735:
1729:OVID full text
1686:
1659:
1621:
1600:(6): 529–537.
1575:
1544:
1487:
1452:
1433:(18): 2270–9.
1417:
1402:
1381:
1332:
1307:
1281:
1273:
1255:
1217:
1191:
1139:
1124:
1109:
1074:
1067:
1049:
1018:(5): 481–485.
993:
964:
900:
870:
859:. 10 June 1996
836:
835:
833:
830:
828:
827:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
773:European Union
769:EudraVigilance
766:
761:
756:
750:
748:
745:
733:anticoagulants
681:anticoagulants
651:
648:
626:, a branch of
610:(EMA). In the
604:European Union
591:
588:
556:
553:
538:clarithromycin
507:
504:
492:MAO inhibitors
435:
432:
419:
416:
408:
407:
402:
399:
388:
385:
377:mercaptopurine
338:
335:
307:
304:
292:
289:
265:
262:
260:
257:
228:
225:
212:
209:
201:
200:
197:
194:
191:
188:
185:
169:
166:
158:
157:
146:
145:
119:
118:
113:
110:
108:
107:Classification
105:
61:
60:
56:
55:
47:
46:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3950:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3916:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3789:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3777:Halogenoderma
3775:
3773:
3770:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3562:
3557:
3555:
3550:
3548:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3436:Skin pop scar
3434:
3433:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3384:Runner's rump
3382:
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3302:
3296:
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3274:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3256:
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3251:
3249:
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3235:
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3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
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3198:
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3156:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3120:High altitude
3118:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3106:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3091:Aerosinusitis
3089:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3057:
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3018:
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3011:
3008:
3006:
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2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2672:Patient abuse
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2652:Medical error
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2624:
2619:
2617:
2612:
2610:
2605:
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2601:
2588:
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2568:
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2562:
2558:
2554:
2553:
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2518:
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2297:
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2267:
2265:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2241:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2137:
2121:. 4 June 2018
2120:
2116:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2064:
2060:
2053:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2030:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1995:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1895:
1893:
1884:
1878:
1874:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1846:
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1828:
1824:
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1816:
1812:
1808:
1801:
1785:
1781:
1777:
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1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1742:
1740:
1733:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1702:(3): 115–21.
1701:
1697:
1690:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1663:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1640:(6): 538–49.
1639:
1635:
1628:
1626:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1584:
1582:
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1540:
1536:
1531:
1526:
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1471:
1467:
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1456:
1448:
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1428:
1421:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1386:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1336:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1295:
1291:
1285:
1276:
1270:
1266:
1259:
1244:. 1 June 1995
1243:
1236:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1146:
1144:
1135:
1128:
1120:
1113:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1070:
1064:
1060:
1053:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1000:
998:
981:
977:
971:
969:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
931:
925:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
889:. 28 May 2019
888:
884:
880:
874:
858:
854:
850:
849:"1. Glossary"
844:
842:
837:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
774:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
751:
744:
742:
738:
734:
729:
728:United States
725:
721:
716:
714:
709:
706:
705:anticoagulant
702:
698:
693:
689:
686:
682:
678:
674:
669:
665:
661:
657:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
628:Health Canada
625:
621:
617:
613:
612:United States
609:
605:
601:
597:
587:
584:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
552:
550:
546:
543:
542:anticoagulant
539:
536:
532:
528:
524:
521:
517:
513:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
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461:
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453:
449:
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441:
431:
429:
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415:
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359:
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347:
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334:
332:
328:
324:
319:
317:
313:
303:
300:
297:
288:
286:
282:
277:
275:
271:
253:
252:H&E stain
249:
246:
242:
238:
233:
224:
222:
218:
208:
205:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
181:
179:
178:adverse event
175:
165:
161:
155:
154:idiosyncratic
151:
148:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
120:
116:
115:
104:
102:
98:
97:non-adherence
94:
93:adverse event
90:
89:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
57:
53:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
3915:
3712:Immunologics
3642:Chemotherapy
3627:Steroid acne
3567:
3523:
3511:
3499:
3487:
3475:
3430:
3358:
3346:
3266:
3186:Sexual abuse
3174:Maltreatment
3101:Pneumothorax
2960:Acrocyanosis
2950:Aerosol burn
2892:Heat syncope
2887:Hyperthermia
2797:Hand washing
2776:
2743:
2724:Drapetomania
2693:Medical debt
2642:Iatrogenesis
2629:Medical harm
2580:
2569:
2546:
2523:
2446:
2442:
2413:. Retrieved
2401:
2388:
2353:
2349:
2339:
2306:
2302:
2289:
2272:
2246:
2240:
2228:. Retrieved
2224:
2215:
2203:. Retrieved
2199:
2190:
2178:. Retrieved
2173:
2164:
2152:. Retrieved
2147:
2123:. Retrieved
2118:
2092:. Retrieved
2087:
2078:
2066:. Retrieved
2062:
2052:
2035:
2029:
2007:(8): 432–6.
2004:
2000:
1994:
1982:. Retrieved
1978:the original
1960:(1): 17–24.
1957:
1953:
1943:
1908:
1904:
1872:
1849:. Retrieved
1844:
1835:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1790:18 September
1788:. Retrieved
1784:the original
1755:
1751:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1637:
1633:
1597:
1593:
1566:. Retrieved
1562:the original
1557:
1547:
1504:
1500:
1490:
1468:(6): 553–6.
1465:
1461:
1455:
1430:
1426:
1420:
1393:
1349:
1345:
1335:
1323:. Retrieved
1319:
1310:
1300:18 September
1298:. Retrieved
1294:the original
1284:
1265:Pharmacology
1264:
1258:
1246:. Retrieved
1241:
1208:. Retrieved
1203:
1194:
1159:
1155:
1133:
1127:
1118:
1112:
1090:(1): 73–87.
1087:
1083:
1077:
1058:
1052:
1015:
1009:
984:. Retrieved
934:
928:
891:. Retrieved
882:
873:
861:. Retrieved
852:
804:Polypharmacy
784:Iatrogenesis
717:
710:
694:
690:
653:
650:Epidemiology
593:
580:
558:
509:
460:azithromycin
437:
428:polypharmacy
422:The risk of
421:
409:
405:lipoproteins
390:
381:azathioprine
366:
362:
358:procainamide
343:
340:
320:
309:
301:
294:
278:
267:
214:
206:
202:
171:
162:
159:
153:
141:side effects
139:
86:
70:
66:
64:
36:
3938:Drug safety
3743:Other drugs
3576:Antibiotics
3243:Anaphylaxis
3217:Airsickness
3212:Seasickness
2918:Trench foot
2908:Hypothermia
2868:Temperature
2677:Never event
2063:who-umc.org
1675:(3): 5–21.
789:Lethal dose
737:antibiotics
726:around the
685:antibiotics
677:antibiotics
444:QT interval
365:thiopurine
354:hydralazine
241:granulomata
168:Seriousness
126:) or a low
112:Traditional
83:side effect
3922:Categories
3772:Bromoderma
3441:Skin track
3394:Tennis toe
3322:Pinch mark
3304:Ungrouped
3248:Angioedema
3165:Starvation
3135:Death zone
3081:Barotrauma
2940:Chilblains
2582:DiseasesDB
2415:28 October
1412:1323328254
986:27 October
893:27 October
832:References
814:Toxicology
581:Assigning
572:chronology
535:antibiotic
446:, such as
373:thiopurine
227:Mechanisms
101:medication
75:medication
3782:Iododerma
3446:Slap mark
3414:Coral cut
2978:Radiation
2945:Frostbite
1954:Pharm Med
711:In 2012,
701:narcotics
664:hypnotics
660:sedatives
632:Australia
606:runs the
598:runs the
583:causality
560:Causality
480:serotonin
472:serotonin
454:and some
350:isoniazid
237:hepatitis
221:eye drops
3928:Pharmacy
3619:Hormones
3501:Glossary
3477:Category
3295:Drowning
3074:Pressure
3060:Asphyxia
2875:Elevated
2635:Concepts
2473:27893129
2406:Archived
2380:26412813
2331:49678401
2323:29972591
2281:24354026
2255:24228291
2230:30 April
2205:30 April
2154:16 April
2125:16 April
2094:17 April
2068:17 April
2044:14626141
2021:20852483
1974:37301370
1935:35622425
1845:Lexicomp
1827:28779826
1780:20855578
1772:12369572
1716:11907485
1681:12473961
1654:12571262
1616:12571261
1539:33111191
1482:12571264
1447:11710893
1376:27527376
1279:Page 146
1248:30 April
1210:17 April
1186:14630763
1104:27842776
1044:27697815
959:32296353
951:15148066
863:16 April
809:Toxicity
747:See also
743:agents.
741:diabetic
673:steroids
668:hospital
545:apixaban
490:include
412:warfarin
285:dementia
211:Location
172:The U.S
124:warfarin
3791:General
3513:Outline
3489:Commons
3253:Allergy
3056:Hypoxia
3040:Sunburn
2901:Reduced
2576:D004362
2538:Y40-Y59
2497:3312730
2464:6490178
2402:gs1.org
2371:4582849
1926:9308105
1724:6948454
1530:7603454
1509:Bibcode
1367:5129475
1035:6297296
697:opiates
523:enzymes
512:inhibit
452:sotalol
397:albumin
316:alleles
281:MATCH-D
274:hepatic
132:digoxin
3525:Portal
3431:iv use
3200:Travel
3148:(HACE)
3142:(HAPE)
3049:Oxygen
2495:
2471:
2461:
2378:
2368:
2329:
2321:
2279:
2253:
2200:GOV.UK
2042:
2019:
1984:2 June
1972:
1933:
1923:
1879:
1825:
1778:
1770:
1722:
1714:
1679:
1652:
1614:
1537:
1527:
1480:
1445:
1410:
1400:
1374:
1364:
1325:1 June
1271:
1184:
1177:274067
1174:
1102:
1065:
1042:
1032:
957:
949:
634:, the
624:Canada
614:, the
602:. The
516:induce
498:, and
375:drugs
356:, and
248:biopsy
150:Type B
3889:Other
3276:Other
2557:995.2
2542:U12.9
2534:T88.7
2409:(PDF)
2398:(PDF)
2327:S2CID
2299:(PDF)
2180:2 May
1970:S2CID
1851:2 May
1776:S2CID
1720:S2CID
1568:1 May
1238:(PDF)
955:S2CID
496:SSRIs
450:like
440:toxic
270:renal
245:Liver
215:Some
184:Death
91:. An
3158:Food
2882:Burn
2817:List
2571:MeSH
2565:E858
2561:E850
2552:9-CM
2469:PMID
2443:JAMA
2417:2022
2376:PMID
2319:PMID
2277:PMID
2251:PMID
2232:2023
2207:2023
2182:2023
2156:2023
2127:2023
2096:2023
2070:2023
2040:PMID
2017:PMID
1986:2011
1931:PMID
1877:ISBN
1853:2023
1823:PMID
1792:2007
1768:PMID
1712:PMID
1677:PMID
1650:PMID
1612:PMID
1570:2023
1535:PMID
1478:PMID
1443:PMID
1427:JAMA
1408:OCLC
1398:ISBN
1372:PMID
1327:2019
1302:2007
1269:ISBN
1250:2023
1212:2023
1182:PMID
1100:PMID
1063:ISBN
1040:PMID
988:2023
947:PMID
895:2023
865:2022
826:(UK)
699:and
662:and
518:key
379:and
79:drug
2587:295
2548:ICD
2525:ICD
2493:PMC
2459:PMC
2451:doi
2447:316
2366:PMC
2358:doi
2311:doi
2009:doi
1962:doi
1921:PMC
1913:doi
1815:doi
1760:doi
1704:doi
1642:doi
1638:348
1602:doi
1598:348
1525:PMC
1517:doi
1470:doi
1466:348
1435:doi
1431:286
1362:PMC
1354:doi
1172:PMC
1164:doi
1160:327
1156:BMJ
1092:doi
1030:PMC
1020:doi
939:doi
935:140
596:WHO
525:or
514:or
272:or
71:ADR
65:An
3924::
2585::
2574::
2559:,
2555::
2540:,
2536:,
2532::
2529:10
2467:.
2457:.
2445:.
2441:.
2425:^
2400:.
2374:.
2364:.
2354:65
2352:.
2348:.
2325:.
2317:.
2307:66
2305:.
2301:.
2263:^
2223:.
2198:.
2172:.
2146:.
2135:^
2117:.
2104:^
2086:.
2061:.
2015:.
2005:71
2003:.
1968:.
1958:25
1956:.
1952:.
1929:.
1919:.
1909:15
1907:.
1903:.
1891:^
1861:^
1843:.
1821:.
1811:52
1809:.
1774:.
1766:.
1756:36
1754:.
1750:.
1738:^
1718:.
1710:.
1700:71
1698:.
1673:36
1671:.
1648:.
1636:.
1624:^
1610:.
1596:.
1592:.
1578:^
1556:.
1533:.
1523:.
1515:.
1505:94
1503:.
1499:.
1476:.
1464:.
1441:.
1429:.
1406:.
1384:^
1370:.
1360:.
1350:46
1348:.
1344:.
1318:.
1240:.
1220:^
1202:.
1180:.
1170:.
1158:.
1154:.
1142:^
1098:.
1088:21
1086:.
1038:.
1028:.
1016:16
1014:.
1008:.
996:^
978:.
967:^
953:.
945:.
933:.
903:^
885:.
881:.
855:.
851:.
840:^
675:,
502:.
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