80:
71:. There are two parallel stop lines at the intersection, the first one at which all traffic except that for which the facility is provided must stop, and a second one nearer the intersection to which only specified vehicles may proceed. If the signals change to red when a vehicle is crossing the first line, the driver must stop at the second line The area between the stop lines is the "reservoir" or "box". Signage may be required to inform road users as to the meaning of the extra stop line. A separate set of traffic signals may be provided for the specified traffic, but all vehicles usually use the same signals.
291:
four signalized junctions, where the stop line for motorists was recessed by five metres.... In the before period, between 12 and 24 per cent of the drivers turned right straight in front of a cyclist. In the after period, only 3 to 6 per cent did. On the basis of these results, safety of cyclists could be expected to improve. TRL in
England (Wheeler, 1992) studied advanced stop lines (ASL) for cyclists at signalized junctions. ... The number of cyclists having a good position before turning right went from 57 per cent to 97 per cent.
129:
20:
118:
731:
171:
Consortium showed that motorists and cyclists alike appear to understand and comply with the boxes. Nearly three quarters of motorists stopped behind the bike box and roughly the same percentage of cyclists stopped at the proper location ahead of the motor vehicle stop bar. In addition, the number of conflicts at the intersections decreased and drivers yielded more to cyclists after the boxes were installed. User perceptions of safety also improved.
163:" on the inside of turning HGVs. Collisions with turning HGVs are strongly associated with a high risk of death and serious injury. If the signal is green, cyclists are advised that the best way to minimize danger may be to stay within the main traffic stream. If the lights change while the cyclist is still approaching, the advice is to negotiate their way back into the main traffic stream if possible. Advice produced by the
101:
the main traffic stream. An ASL will also help reduce the exposure of such cyclists at junctions with nearside (i.e. left in the UK and
Ireland, right in USA, etc.) filter lights by providing a place for cyclists to wait while traffic passes on the inside. A similar consideration arises where a free turn to the nearside is permitted (called
290:
In the
Swedish study mentioned earlier (Linderholm, 1992) ... analysis of the before-after situation showed that a recessed stop line for motor vehicles reduced the accident risk for cyclists crossing by about 35 per cent. ... In Denmark, the Danish Road Administration (1994d) carried out a study at
170:
Portland, Oregon, has implemented these "bike boxes" as they call them, and bicyclists have claimed them useful in aiding safety. The main goal is to prevent collisions between motorists turning right and cyclists going straight. Research performed by the Oregon
Transportation Research and Education
100:
of queuing traffic during the red phase at traffic lights. Cyclists turning to the offside (i.e. right in the UK and
Ireland, left in USA etc.) are able to take up a proper turning position. Straight-on cyclists can adopt and maintain a prominent position for transiting the junction safely within
217:
Bike boxes and similar advanced stop lines are used extensively in the United
Kingdom, the Netherlands, Denmark, and other European countries. Observations of yielding behavior at two bike box and one control intersection found an improvement in motorists yielding to cyclists at the bike box
218:
locations. Higher shares of surveyed motorists felt that the bike boxes made driving safer rather than more dangerous, even when the sample was narrowed to respondents who were not also cyclists. Over three-quarters of the surveyed cyclists thought that the boxes made the intersection safer.
182:
they have been used on the approach to a signalised roundabout. Success will depend on motorists not blocking the cycle lane or encroaching on the reservoir, and on signal timings which ensure that cyclists are not frequently
108:
At a red light, cyclists are more visible to motorists by being in front of them. At a green light, the painted bike lane and bike box through the intersection reminds motorists and cyclists to watch for each other.
95:
ASLs for cyclists are generally used in conjunction with some form of cycle lane for filtering cycle traffic. This arrangement theoretically allows cyclists to play to their strengths by regularising the practice of
230:
144:
Based on Danish research, it is argued that an ASL should have the general stop line 5 m back from the main traffic signal. The reasoning is that this puts cyclists clearly into the view of
691:
159:
Although waiting cyclists might be safer out in front of HGVs, concerns have been expressed about nearside cycle lanes approaching such intersections may encourage cyclists to "
156:(OECD) review, ASLs are also advocated as way of improving pedestrian safety at crossings by increasing the separation between crossing pedestrians and waiting motor vehicles.
317:
153:
697:
333:
237:
167:(RoSPA) regarding cyclists and lorries cautions cyclists that even though a junction has an ASL it may be better to wait if there is a lorry present.
754:
397:
600:
164:
149:
715:
51:
changes from red to green. Advanced stop lines are implemented widely in
Denmark, the United Kingdom, and other European countries.
178:
ASLs have been used successfully at sites with motor vehicle flows up to 1000 vehicles per hour, and with two-lane approaches. In
703:
390:
314:
268:
789:
383:
340:
794:
758:
484:
269:"Scientific Expert Group on the Safety of Vulnerable Road Users (RS7), SAFETY OF VULNERABLE ROAD USERS"
274:. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 7 Aug 1998. pp. 169–170. Archived from
79:
585:
479:
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44:
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363:
88:
670:
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635:
406:
8:
620:
575:
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145:
709:
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152:(FMCSA) however estimates this spot to be 6 metres (20 ft) long. According to an
675:
513:
474:
469:
160:
102:
97:
734:
630:
615:
565:
533:
305:
Cyclists and
Lorries, Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents, February 2006
580:
560:
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518:
321:
360:
275:
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595:
538:
48:
757:. New York City Department of Transportation. October 31, 2008. Archived from
778:
610:
590:
369:
40:
640:
528:
128:
625:
570:
448:
375:
148:(HGV) drivers, who have a large blind spot directly in front of the cab.
117:
19:
650:
68:
372:: "over 100 bike boxes at intersections citywide," as of October 2008.
665:
645:
605:
505:
464:
427:
84:
179:
122:
60:
137:
133:
755:"NYCycles - The Official Newsletter of NYC DOT's Bike Program"
205:
174:
A leaflet produced by the UK Department for
Transport notes:
208:. Oregon Transportation Research and Education Consortium
64:
23:
An advanced stop line at an intersection in New York City
16:
Road junction markings giving some vehicles a head start
206:"Evaluation of Bike Boxes at Signalized Intersections"
154:
Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development
366:group evaluates ASL performance in Westminster, UK
776:
601:Bicycle transportation planning and engineering
391:
339:. UK Department for Transport. Archived from
203:
165:Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents
132:A motorcycle and bicycle advance stop box in
150:Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
405:
398:
384:
39:, is a type of road marking at signalised
716:Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
504:
442:Physically separated in-roadway bikeways
301:
299:
127:
116:
78:
18:
704:CROW Design Manual for Bicycle Traffic
199:
197:
777:
379:
296:
194:
43:allowing certain types of vehicle a
13:
334:"Advanced stop lines for cyclists"
14:
811:
354:
112:
730:
729:
255:"Large Blind Spots | FMCSA"
63:, they may also be provided for
747:
326:
308:
261:
247:
223:
204:Jennifer Dill (January 2011).
59:Most commonly associated with
54:
1:
421:Separated in-roadway bikeways
187:
361:Do Advanced Stop Lines Work?
7:
74:
10:
816:
485:Bicycles May Use Full Lane
458:Shared in-roadway bikeways
121:Cyclists in a bike box in
725:
684:
586:Bicycle poverty reduction
551:
497:
480:Shared bus and cycle lane
457:
441:
420:
413:
315:Theenvironmentalblog.org
790:Road traffic management
364:London Cycling Campaign
661:Protected intersection
636:Cycling infrastructure
407:Cycling infrastructure
185:
141:
125:
92:
83:Advanced stop line in
24:
320:July 3, 2009, at the
176:
131:
120:
82:
22:
98:filtering to the top
89:University of Gdańsk
795:Road junction types
712:(England and Wales)
621:Bike Week (cycling)
576:Bicycle Master Plan
433:Shared lane marking
414:In-roadway bikeways
231:"Highway Code (UK)"
146:heavy goods vehicle
31:(ASL), also called
710:Manual for Streets
552:Health, safety and
498:Right-of-way paths
142:
126:
93:
29:advanced stop line
25:
743:
742:
685:Design guidelines
676:Vehicular cycling
547:
546:
493:
492:
475:Bicycle boulevard
470:Light segregation
103:right turn on red
33:advanced stop box
807:
770:
769:
767:
766:
751:
733:
732:
631:Cycling advocacy
616:Bike-to-Work Day
566:Bicycle-friendly
534:Bicycle stairway
502:
501:
418:
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393:
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377:
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236:. Archived from
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815:
814:
810:
809:
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804:
785:Utility cycling
775:
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773:
764:
762:
761:on June 3, 2010
753:
752:
748:
744:
739:
721:
680:
581:Bicycle parking
561:Active mobility
553:
543:
524:Bicycle highway
519:Shared-use path
489:
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437:
409:
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352:
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343:
336:
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322:Wayback Machine
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115:
77:
57:
17:
12:
11:
5:
813:
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800:Cycling safety
797:
792:
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771:
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726:
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719:
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707:
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695:
688:
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673:
668:
663:
658:
656:Lane splitting
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
596:Bicycle safety
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
557:
555:
554:infrastructure
549:
548:
545:
544:
542:
541:
539:Bicycle tunnel
536:
531:
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510:
508:
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388:
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355:External links
353:
350:
349:
346:on 2009-07-18.
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307:
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260:
246:
243:on 2011-04-24.
222:
192:
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114:
113:Safety aspects
111:
76:
73:
56:
53:
49:traffic signal
41:road junctions
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
812:
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750:
746:
736:
728:
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724:
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708:
706:(Netherlands)
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619:
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614:
612:
611:Bike registry
609:
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591:Bicycle rodeo
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584:
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371:
370:New York City
368:
365:
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342:
335:
329:
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281:on 2012-03-16
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21:
763:. Retrieved
759:the original
749:
641:Hand signals
529:Bicycle lift
341:the original
328:
310:
289:
283:. Retrieved
276:the original
263:
249:
238:the original
225:
216:
210:. Retrieved
177:
173:
169:
158:
143:
107:
105:in the US).
94:
58:
36:
32:
28:
26:
626:Cyclability
571:Bicycle law
449:Cycle track
87:nearby the
69:motorcycles
55:Description
779:Categories
765:2012-07-12
651:Idaho stop
285:2012-07-12
212:2012-07-12
188:References
45:head start
666:Road diet
646:Hook turn
606:Bike rage
506:Bike path
465:Bike lane
428:Bike lane
47:when the
735:Category
514:Greenway
318:Archived
183:stopped.
161:creep up
75:Cyclists
61:bicycles
37:bike box
671:Sharing
180:Bristol
123:Toronto
692:AASHTO
138:Taiwan
134:Taipei
91:campus
85:Gdańsk
698:NACTO
344:(PDF)
337:(PDF)
279:(PDF)
272:(PDF)
241:(PDF)
234:(PDF)
65:buses
718:(US)
700:(US)
694:(US)
67:and
35:or
27:An
781::
298:^
288:.
215:.
196:^
136:,
768:.
399:e
392:t
385:v
257:.
140:.
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