1898:"Phases" (or "signal groups" in Australia and New Zealand) are indications show simultaneously, e.g. multiple green lights which control the same traffic approach. A "movement" is any path through the junction which vehicles or pedestrians are permitted to take, which is "conflicting" if these paths cross one another. A stage (or "phase" in ANZ) is a group of non-conflicting phases which move at the same time. The stages are collectively known as a "cycle". The time between two conflicting green phases is called an "intergreen period", which is set at an appropriate length for the junction to safely clear, especially for turning traffic which may be waiting in the centre of the junction. This often results in an all red stage, when all approaches are shown a red light and no vehicle can proceed. This all red is sometimes extended to allow a
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traffic from anticipating its own green arrow. Intelight Inc. manufactures a programmable traffic signal that uses a software-controlled LED array and electronics to steer the light beam toward the desired approach. The signal is programmed unlike the 3M and McCain models. It requires a connection to a laptop or smartphone with the manufacturer's software installed. Connections can be made directly with a direct-serial interface kit, or wirelessly with a radio kit over WIFI to the signal. In addition to aiming, Fresnel lenses, and louvers, visors and back panels are also useful in areas where sunlight would diminish the contrast and visibility of a signal face. Typical applications for these signals were skewed intersections, specific multi-lane control, left-turn pocket signals, or other areas where complex traffic situations existed.
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2552:. The Christmas Tree has six lights: a blue staging light, three amber lights, a green light, and a red light. The blue staging light is divided into two parts: Pre-stage and stage. Sometimes, there are two sets of bulbs on top of each other to represent them. Once a driver is staged at the starting line, then the starter will activate the light to commence racing, which can be done in two ways. If a Pro tree is used, then the three amber lights will flash at the same time. For the Sportsman tree, the amber light will flash from top to bottom. When the green light comes up, the race officially begins but if a driver crosses the line before that happens, then a red light will come up and that will be a foul.
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seconds (plus any all-red time). The US also uses a minimum of three seconds, but local traffic authorities can make timings longer, especially on wider, suburban roads. This variation has resulted in controversy when municipalities with shorter amber times use red light cameras. Where pedestrian signals are used, the timing of the "inivitation to cross" – the period where a steady walk signal shows – and clearance periods – time when the walk signal flashes or no signal is shown – need to be calculated. This is normally set against a design speed, e.g. 1.2 m/s (3.9 ft/s). Similarly, these can be made extendable using sensors, allowing slower-moving pedestrians more time to cross the street.
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count down with the countdown timer. In several countries such as New
Zealand, technology also allows deaf and blind people to feel when lights have changed to allow safe crossing. A small pad, housed within an indentation in the base of the box housing the button mechanism, moves downwards when the lights change to allow crossing. This is designed to be felt by anyone waiting to cross who has limited ability to detect sight or sound. In Japan, a traffic light emits an electronic sound that mimics the sound of birdsong to help the visually impaired. Some traffic lights fix the order and type of sound so that they can tell which direction is a green light. In general, "
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1848:" is a set of strategies intended to reduce delay for specific vehicles, especially mass transit vehicles such as buses. A variety of strategies exist to give priority to transit but they all generally work by detecting approaching transit vehicles and making small adjustments to the signal timing. These adjustments are designed to either decrease the likelihood that the transit vehicle will arrive during a red interval or decrease the length of the red interval for those vehicles that are stopped. Priority does not guarantee that transit vehicles always get a green light the instant they arrive as preemption does.
394:, Canada, there is no dedicated left-turn lamp per se. Instead, the normal green lamp flashes rapidly, indicating permission to go straight as well as make a left turn in front of opposing traffic, which is being held by a steady red lamp. (This "advance green", or flashing green can be somewhat startling and confusing to drivers not familiar with this system. This also can cause confusion amongst visitors to British Columbia, where a flashing green signal denotes a pedestrian-controlled crosswalk. For this reason, Ontario is phasing out the use of flashing green signals and instead replacing them with arrows.)
378:-based device capable of showing both green and amber arrows within a single lamp housing). Some newer LED turn arrows seen in parts of Canada are capable of multicoloured animation. Such lights will often display a flashing and animated green or amber arrow when the dedicated turn is allowed but then transform into a red arrow on a white background with a red line through it, emphasising that the turn is no longer allowed. These lights will also often have the words "no turn" displayed, or an explanatory reason why the turn is not allowed, such as "train" in the case of a rail or light rail crossing.
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475:(MUTCD) outlines correct operation in that country. In the US, a single signal head may have three, four, or five aspects (though a single aspect green arrow may be displayed to indicate a continuous movement). The signals must be arranged red, amber, and green vertically (top to bottom) or horizontally (left to right). In the US, a single-aspect flashing amber signal can be used to raise attention to a warning sign and a single-aspect flashing red signal can be used to raise attention to a "stop", "do not enter", or "wrong way" sign. Flashing red or amber lights, known as
2213:(signal appearing to be illuminated even when not due to sunlight reflecting from the parabolic mirror at low sun angles), led to the design of a signal that used lenslets to focus light from a traditional incandescent bulb through apertures in a matt black front mask. This cured both problems in an easily manufactured solution. This design proved successful and was taken into production by a number of traffic signal manufacturers through the engineering designs of Dr. Mark Aston, working firstly at the SIRA Ltd in Kent, and latterly as an independent optical designer.
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lanes are restricted in that vehicles turning from a side street may not cross over the double white line to enter the continuous lane, and no lane changes are permitted to the continuous lane from an adjacent lane or from the continuous lane to an adjacent lane until the double white line has been passed. Some continuous lanes are protected by a raised curb located between the continuous lane and a normal traffic lane, with white and/or amber reflective paint or tape, prohibiting turning or adjacent traffic from entering the lane.
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over a roadway on a wire, attached to poles at opposite kerbs. This is the most common installation method in the United States. Unipoles are similar to strain poles, but a single structure over the road, rather than two poles linked with wire. Finally, signals can be attached to existing structures such as an overpass. Dummy lights are traffic signs located in the centre of a junction, which operate on a fixed cycle. These have generally been decommissioned due to safety concerns; however, a number remain due to historic value.
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the side street may be permitted. Intersections with continuous-flow lanes will be posted with a white regulatory sign approximately 500 ft (150 m) before the intersection with the phrase, "right lane continuous traffic," or other, similar, wording. If the arrow is extinguished for any reason, whether by malfunction or design, traffic through the continuous lane will revert to the normal traffic pattern for adjacent lanes, except that turning or moving into or out of the restricted lane is still prohibited.
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the junction, which is the distance travelled to the conflict point by the movement losing right of way minus the distance travelled to the same conflict point by the movement gaining right of way using the possible conflict points (including with pedestrians) and calculating both the time it would take the last vehicle to clear the furthest collision point and the first vehicle from the next stage to arrive at the conflict point. At actuated junctions, integreens can be varied to account for traffic conditions.
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at the beginning of the green phase (a "leading turn") or at the end of the green phase (a "lagging turn"). An 'indicative arrow' may be displayed alongside a green light. This indicates to drivers that oncoming traffic is stopped, such that they do not need to give way to that traffic when turning across it. As right-turning traffic (left-side drive) or left-turning traffic (right-side drive) does not normally have priority, this arrow is used to allow turning traffic to clear before the next phase begins.
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invention of anti-phantom, highly visible Aston lenses, lights of 8 inches (200 mm) could be designed to give the same output as plain lenses, so a larger surface area was unnecessary. Consequently, lights of 12 inches (300 mm) are no longer approved for use in the UK and all lights installed on new installations have to be 200 mm (8 in) in accordance with TSRGD (Traffic Signs
Regulations and General Directions). Exemptions are made for temporary or replacement signals.
890:, though more modern iterations are puffin and pedex crossings. In the UK, these crossings normally need at least four traffic signals, which are of a regular type (red, amber, and green), two facing in each direction. Furthermore, pedestrians will be provided with push buttons and pedestrian signals, consisting of a red and green man. Farside signals are located across the crossing, while nearside signals are located below the traffic lights, facing in the direction of oncoming traffic. A
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453:. When the signal turns yellow, a turning driver may assume oncoming traffic will stop and a crash may result. For this reason, the US bans sequences that may cause a yellow trap. This can also happen when emergency vehicles or railroads preempt normal signal operation. In the United States, signs reading "Oncoming traffic has extended green" or "Oncoming traffic may have extended green" must be posted at intersections where the "yellow trap" condition exists.
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403:"0" (or 1), the main light color immediately changes. Countdown lights may have zeros in the tens or none, some countdown lights may flash when getting ready to zero. Yellow lights can also have countdown lights, but most lights do not. Usually the countdown light has 2 digits, in case the time of the main light (usually the red light, rarely the green light) is longer than 100 seconds, depending on the type of light, the following possibilities may occur:
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285:, and green, either arranged horizontally (on the side opposite to the direction of traffic) or vertically (with red on top). A two-colour signal head may be used in temporary operation and consists of red and green non-flashing lights. In both cases, all lights should be circular or arrow-shaped. Permissible signals for regulating vehicle traffic (other than public transport vehicles) are outlined in Article 23:
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2325:, Pennsylvania, removed signals at 199 intersections that were not warranted. On average, the intersections had 24% fewer crashes after the unwarranted signals were removed. The traffic lights had been erected in the 1960s because of since-resolved protests over traffic. By 1992, over 800 traffic lights had been removed at 426 intersections, and the number of crashes at these intersections dropped by 60%.
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other traffic movements with no conflict between movements. This can work well on one-way roads, where turning movements are banned or where the straight-ahead movement runs in a different stage from the turning movement. A splitter island could also be provided. Traffic will pass on either side of the island and pedestrians can cross the road safely between the other flows.
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has priority over oncoming traffic (known as a "filter arrow"). Flashing amber arrows typically indicate that road users must give way (to other drivers and pedestrians) before making a movement in the direction of the arrow. These are used because they are safer, cause less delay, and are more flexible. Flashing amber arrows will normally be located below the solid amber.
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secondary heads), one of which is normally nearside and the other of which could be nearside or farside. In the US, signals are normally located farside, though in some states, nearside signals are also used. Nearside signals can be beneficial to road safety, as drivers have more time to see a red light and are less likely to encroach on pedestrian crossings.
2075:, can issue fines or other penalties – and in some cases prosecute – drivers who break those laws. US-based studies have found that the majority of drivers think that it is dangerous to run a red light at speed and the most common reason for red light running include inattentive driving, following an oversized vehicle or during inclement weather.
972:) have installed LED strips embedded in the sidewalk before crosswalks to warn distracted pedestrians of immanent pedestrian crossings. This additional signal, which is synchronized with conventional signals, aims to decrease injury rates by telling distracted pedestrians when it is safe to cross the road without them having to lift their head.
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of the flashing hand or blackout. Pedestrian countdown timers do not significantly increase or reduce the number of red- and amber-light running drivers. Studies have found that pedestrian countdown timers do significantly improve pedestrian compliance over traditional pedestrian signals; however, results are mixed.
2542:, earning him a penalty. He finally stopped at the end of the pit lane, forcing Ferrari's mechanics to sprint down the whole of the pit lane to remove the hose. As a result of this, and the penalty he also incurred, Massa finished 13th. Ferrari decided to use a traditional "lollipop" for the remainder of the
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signal light is placed nearby to indicate to the preempting vehicle that the preempting sequence has been activated and to warn other motorists of the approach of an emergency vehicle. The normal traffic light cycle resumes after the sensor has been passed by the vehicle that triggered the preemption.
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Automobile racing circuits can also use standard traffic signals to indicate to racing car drivers the status of racing. On an oval track, four sets may be used, two facing a straight-away and two facing the middle of the 180-degree turn between straight-away. Green would indicate racing is underway,
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Continuous-flow traffic lanes are found only at "T" intersections where there is no side street or driveway entrance on the right side of the main thoroughfare; additionally, no pedestrians are permitted to cross the main thoroughfare at intersections with a continuous-flow lane, although crossing at
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Engineers also need to set the amber timings (and red-amber, where appropriate), which is normally standardised by a traffic authority. For example, in the UK, the amber time is fixed nationally at three seconds and the red-amber time at two seconds, which results in a minimum intergreen time of five
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In lieu of preemptive mechanisms, in most jurisdictions, emergency vehicles are not required to respect traffic lights. However, emergency vehicles must slow down, proceed cautiously and activate their emergency lights to alert oncoming drivers to the preemption when crossing an intersection against
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Green arrows are added to signals to indicate that drivers can travel in a particular direction, while the main lights for that approach are red, or that drivers can only travel in one particular direction. Alternatively, when combined with another green signal, they may indicate that turning traffic
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to reduce the need for police officers to control traffic. Since then, electricity and computerised control has advanced traffic light technology and increased intersection capacity. The system is also used for other purposes, including the control of pedestrian movements, variable lane control (such
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The symbolism of a traffic light (and the meanings of the three primary colours used in traffic lights) are frequently found in many other contexts. Since they are often used as single spots of colour without the context of vertical position, they are typically not comprehensible to up to one in ten
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would work better. There may be other unconsidered conditions that lead traffic engineers to conclude that a signal is undesirable. For example, it may be decided not to install a signal at an intersection if traffic stopped by it will back up and block another, more heavily trafficked intersection.
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Criteria have been developed to help ensure that new traffic lights are installed only where they will do more good than harm and to justify the removal of existing traffic lights where they are not warranted. They are most often placed on arterial roads at intersections with either another arterial
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A World
Economic Forum study found that signalised junctions are linked to higher rates of localised air pollution. Drivers accelerate and stop frequently at lights and as such peak particle concentration can be around 29 times higher than during free-flow conditions. The WEF recommends that traffic
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In the United States, traffic lights are currently designed with lights approximately 12 inches (300 mm) in diameter. Previously the standard had been 8 inches (200 mm); however, those are slowly being phased out in favour of the larger and more visible 12 inch lights. Variations used
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In addition to being positioned and mounted for desired visibility for their respective traffic, some traffic lights are also aimed, louvered, or shaded to minimize misinterpretation from other lanes. For example, a
Fresnel lens on an adjacent through-lane signal may be aimed to prevent left-turning
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within the road surface. Induction loops are beneficial due to their smaller chance of breakdown, but their simplicity can limit their ability to handle some situations, particularly involving lighter vehicles such as motorcycles or pedal cycles. This situation most often occurs at times of day when
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four white lights that form the letter T. If the three top lamps are lit, this means "stop". If the bottom lamp and some lamps on the top row are lit, this means permission to go in a direction shown. In the case of a tram signal, if there are no tram junctions or turns at an intersection, a simpler
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In some states in the United States, at some busy intersections, buttons will make a beeping sound for blind people. When the light changes, a speaker built into the button will play a recording to notify blind people that it is safe to cross. When the signal flashes red, the recording will start to
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Pedestrian signals are used to inform pedestrians when to cross a road. Most pedestrian signal heads will have two lights: a 'walk' light (normally a walking human figure, typically coloured green or white) and a 'don't walk' light (normally either a red or orange man figure or a hand), though other
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A third type is known as a "doghouse" or "cluster head" – a vertical column with the two normal lights is on the right side of the signal, a vertical column with the two arrows is located on the left, and the normal red signal is in the middle above the two columns. Cluster signals in
Australia
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during the race, when he was in the lead. Usually, the system was automatic, but heavy traffic in the pit lane forced the team to operate it manually. A mechanic accidentally pressed the green light button when the fuel hose was still attached to the car, causing Massa to drive off, towing the fuel
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The MUTCD identifies five types of traffic light mounts. On pedestals, signal heads are mounted on a single pole (this is the normal installation method for the UK). On mast arms, signal heads are mounted on a rigid arm over the road protuding from the pole. On strained poles, signals are suspended
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arrays that consume less power, have increased light output, and last significantly longer. Moreover, in the event of an individual LED failure, the aspect will still operate albeit with a reduced light output. The light pattern of an LED array can be comparable to the pattern of an incandescent or
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In the US, most notably the
Southeastern, there often is a "continuous-flow" lane. This lane is protected by a single, constant-green arrow pointing down at the lane(s) permitting the continuous flow of traffic, without regard to the condition of signals for other lanes or cross streets. Continuous
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The timing of the intergreen is usually based on the size of the intersection, which can range from two to five seconds. Modelling programs include the ability to calculate intergreen times automatically. Intergreen periods are determined by calculating the path distance for every conflict point in
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Upon activation, the normal traffic light cycle is suspended and replaced by the "preemption sequence": the traffic lights to all approaches to the intersection are switched to "red" with the exception of the light for the vehicle that has triggered the preemption sequence. Sometimes, an additional
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In North
European countries, the tram signals feature white lights of different forms: "S" for "stop", "—" for "caution" and arrows to permit passage in a given direction. In Sweden, All signals use white lighting and special symbols ("S", "–" and an arrow) to distinguish them from regular signals.
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Pedestrian countdown timers are becoming common at urban signal-controlled crossings. Where a pedestrian countdown is shown, it is normally used in conjunction with the flashing hand signal (in the US and Canada) or blackout period (UK), showing the amount of time remaining in seconds until the end
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Pedestrians are usually incorporated into urban signalised junctions in one of four ways: no facilities, parallel walk, walk with traffic, or all-red stages. No facilities may be provided if pedestrian demand is low, in areas where pedestrians are not permitted, or if there is a subway or overpass.
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and the
Maritime provinces, lights are often arranged horizontally, but each aspect is a different shape: red is a square (larger than the normal circle) and usually in pairs at either end of the fixture, amber is a diamond, and green is a circle. In many southern and southwestern U.S. states, most
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Arrow aspects may be used to permit certain movements or convey other messages to road users. A green arrow may display to require drivers to turn in a particular direction only or to allow drivers to continue in a particular direction when the signal is red. Generally, a green phase is illuminated
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Conventional traffic signal lighting, still common in some areas, uses a standard light bulb. The light then bounces off a mirrored glass or polished aluminium reflector bowl, and out through a polycarbonate plastic or glass signal lens. In some signals, these lenses were cut to include a specific
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In some jurisdictions such as
Australia, pedestrian lights are associated with a sound device, for the benefit of blind and visually impaired pedestrians. These make a slow beeping sound when the pedestrian lights are red and a continuous buzzing or fast beeping sound when the lights are green. In
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Popular in
Vietnam and China, countdown lights are additional lights installed next to (or above or below) the main signal lights. The countdown light is displayed by a countdown number with different colors (usually red, yellow, green), matching the color of the light on. When the light counts to
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in 1920. His design was the first to include an amber 'caution' light along with red and green lights. Potts was Superintendent of Signals for the Police Department of Detroit. He installed automatic four-way, three-colour traffic lights in 15 towers across Detroit in 1921. By 1922, traffic towers
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Not completely correct: a variable speed sign is not solely used for the purpose of slowing the speed of motorists approaching an intersection. They are also used on freeways where the maximum safe speed is dependent on the conditions of the roadway (i.e. weather, falling rocks, risk of wildlife,
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The separation of conflicting streams of traffic in time can reduce the chances of right-angle collisions by turning traffic and cross traffic, but they can increase the frequency of rear-end crashes by up to 50%. Since right-angled and turn-against-traffic collisions are more likely to result in
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Signals can either be placed nearside – between the stop line and the kerbline of the intersecting road – or farside – on the opposite side of the junction. In European countries, signals are often placed on the nearside. In the UK, at least two signal heads are required (known as the primary and
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to create the signal indication. The light from a 150 W PAR46 sealed-beam lamp in these "programmable visibility" signals passes through a set of two glass lenses at the back of the signal. The first lens, a frosted glass diffusing lens, diffuses the light into a uniform ball of light around five
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The low energy consumption of LED lights can pose a driving risk in some areas during winter. Unlike incandescent and halogen bulbs, which generally get hot enough to melt away any snow that may settle on individual lights, LED displays – using only a fraction of the energy – remain too
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of the signal colours on railroad tracks. There are three reasons for this variation: there is no risk that railway signals will be masked by a tall vehicle between the driver and the signal; train speeds in fog are much higher than for road vehicles, so it is important that the most restrictive
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systems to allow or forbid traffic to use one or more of the available lanes by the use of green lights or arrows (to permit) or by red lights or crosses (to prohibit). Variable lane control may be in use at toll plazas to indicate open or closed booths; during heavy traffic to facilitate merging
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may be provided, whereby pedestrians get a "walk" signal before the traffic gets a green light, allowing pedestrians to establish themselves on the crossing before vehicles begin to turn, to encourage drivers to give way. A 'walk with traffic' facility allows pedestrians to go at the same time as
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Some variations exist on this set up. One version is a horizontal bar with five lights – the green and amber arrows are located between the standard green and amber lights. A vertical five-light bar holds the arrows underneath the standard green light (in this arrangement, the amber arrow is
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which debuted in England in 1923 which introduced the term 'robot' to an English audience. For a short time in England it was fashionable to use 'robot' for 'traffic light' from the late 1920s, when traffic lights were being installed in England. This usage travelled to South Africa in the early
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racing team, formerly used a traffic light system during their pit stops to signal to their drivers when to leave the pits. The red light was on when the tires were being changed and fuel was being added, amber was on when the tires were changed, and green was on when all work was completed. The
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Using a special aluminium foil-based adhesive tape, these signals are "masked" or programmed by the programming lens so that only certain lanes of traffic will view the indication. At the front of these programmable visibility signals is a 12" Fresnel lens, each lens tinted to meet United States
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signal is received by the traffic light. In Hong Kong, an amber T-signal is used for trams, in place of the green signal. In addition, at any tramway junction, another set of signals is available to indicate the direction of the tracks. In Australia and New Zealand, a white "B" or "T" sometimes
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Under Dutch engineering principles, cyclists are instead kept to the right of the junction, with protected kerbs. This improves safety by putting cyclists into the eyeline of motor vehicles at the stop line, allowing cyclists a headstart over turning traffic. This design also allows cyclists to
803:
In the United Kingdom, there is no direct offence committed if a pedestrian fails to obey crossing signals and many lights commonly only use two still images – a green walking person and a red standing man, this being the general case where the crossing is at a road junction and the pedestrian
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Traffic must not pass the stop line at a level crossing, approach to swing bridge or ferry landing stages, emergency vehicles entering the road, or on the approach to low-flying aircraft. In addition, to attract attention in these locations, it is also equipped with additional alarms and voice
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The manufacturers took a licence for the generic design from the Highways Agency, with Dr. Aston engineering a unique solution for each manufacturer. Producing both bulb and LED versions of the signal aspects, these signals are still the most common type of traffic light on UK roads. With the
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or a Barnes Dance, holds all vehicular traffic at the junction to allow pedestrians time to safely cross without conflict from vehicles. It allows allows the use of diagonal crossings. This may require a longer cycle time and increase pedestrian wait periods, though the latter can be eased by
2205:. These were designed for symbolic optics to compensate for the light loss caused by the symbol. However, following a study sponsored by the UK Highways Agency and completed by Aston University, Birmingham, UK, an enhanced optical design was introduced in the mid-1990s. Criticism of sunlight
894:
is a special type of traffic used in the US at mid-block crossings. These consist of two red signals above a single amber signal. The beacon is unlit until a pedestrian pushes the cross button. Then an amber light will show, followed by both red lights, at which point the 'Walk' symbol will
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A set of lights, known as a signal head, may have one, two, three, or more aspects. The most common signal type has three aspects facing the oncoming traffic: red on top, amber (yellow) below, and green below that. Additional aspects may be fitted to the signal, usually to indicate specific
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These are typically older signals. There are many examples in Houston, Texas, of this. Suspended lights constructed so that a single source simultaneously illuminates all four directions always have this characteristic: Red (in two directions) and green (in the two cross directions) with
1744:, Luxembourg, France, and Germany. The signals mean (from left to right): "go straight ahead", "go left", "go right", "go in any direction" (like the "green" of a normal traffic light), "stop, unless the emergency brake is needed" (equal to "amber"), and "stop" (equal to "red").
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In the US, an intersection is usually required to meet one or more of these warrants before a signal is installed. However, meeting one or more warrants does not require the installation of a traffic signal, it only suggests that they may be suitable. It could be that a
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In the US, design advice typically advises that the cycle lane should continue through the junction to the left of the right-turn lane; however, this creates conflict where motor vehicles wish to enter the right lane, as they must cross the cycle lane at a bad angle.
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1930s, when they had their first traffic lights installed, and where it continues to be used almost 90 years later, while 'robot' for 'traffic light' fell out of usage in England. See Foster, B. 1970. The changing English language. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin
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traffic signals are similarly horizontal in order to ease wind resistance during storms and hurricanes. Japanese traffic signals mostly follow the same rule except that the green "go" signals are referred to as 青 (ao), typically translated as "blue", reflecting
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437:, the yellow light dilemma zone is not legally recognized. In other words, when the yellow light is on, traffic may not pass the stop line or enter the intersection even if cannot safely stop when the light shows. This has been reaffirmed by the ruling of the
2304:
Drivers spend on average around 2% of journey time passing through signalised junctions. Traffic lights can increase the traffic capacity at intersections and reduce delay for side road traffic, but can also result in increased delay for main road traffic.
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refracting pattern. Traditionally, incandescent and halogen bulbs were used. Because of the low efficiency of light output and a single point of failure (filament burnout), some traffic authorities are choosing to retrofit traffic signals with
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on 9 December 1868. This system exploded on 2 January 1869 and was thus taken down. But, this early traffic signal led to other parts of the world implementing similar traffic signal systems. In the first two decades of the 20th century,
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National or sub-national highway authorities often issue guidance documents on the specification of traffic signals and design of signalised intersections according to national or local regulations. For example, in the United States the
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use a simplified variant of the Belgian/French system in the respective city's central business district where only the "go" and "stop" configurations are used. A third signal equal to amber is accomplished by flashing the "go" signal.
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The colours red, amber, and green are often used as a simple-to-understand rating system for products and processes. It may be extended by analogy to provide a greater range of intermediate colours, with red and green at the extremes.
627:. As a result, Japanese officials decreed in 1973 that the "go" light should be changed to the bluest possible shade of green, bringing the name more in line with the color without violating the international "green means go" rule.
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or uncontrolled crossing. Traffic lights are normally used at crossings where vehicle speeds are high, where either vehicle or pedestrian flows are high or near signalised junctions. In the UK, this type of crossing is called a
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No provision of formal facilities means pedestrians will have to self-evaluate when it is safe to cross, which can be intimidating for pedestrians. With a "parallel walk" design, pedestrians walk alongside the traffic flow. A
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Traffic lights normally consist of three signals, transmitting meaningful information to road users through colours and symbols, including arrows and bicycles. The regular traffic light colours are red, yellow (also known as
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signal is closest to the driver's eyeline; and with railway signals often in exposed rural locations, there is a risk of any signal other than the bottom one being masked by snow building up on the hood of the signal below.
2033:. Red means that another vessel is passing through. Amber means that the lock chamber is being emptied or filled to match the level of the approaching vessel. After the gate opens, green means that the vessel may enter.
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Where cycle lanes or cycle tracks exist on the approach to a signal-controlled junction, it must be considered how to incorporate cyclists safely into the junction to reduce conflict between motor vehicles and cyclists.
845:
allows an unusual indication variation for pedestrian movement. At signalized intersections without separate pedestrian signal heads, the traffic signals may be programmed to turn red in all directions, followed by a
3703:
280:
Chapter III provides international standards for the setup of traffic signal operations. Not all states have ratified the convention. A three-colour signal head should have three non-flashing lights which are red,
4686:
4301:
1050:, the sound is produced in the same unit as the push buttons. In a circle above the button, the sound is produced and can be felt along with a raised arrow that points in the direction to walk. This system of
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lots that attract or discharge large numbers of vehicles in a short time, and for a minimum of one hour of an average weekday. The side road traffic suffers undue delays when entering or crossing the major
2169:
inches in diameter. The light then passes through a nearly identical lens known as an optical limiter (3M's definition of the lens itself), also known as a "programming lens", also five inches in diameter.
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A variety of different control systems are used to operate signal cycles smoothly, ranging from simple clockwork mechanisms to sophisticated computerised control systems. Computerised systems are normally
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signals that are received by a sensor on or near the traffic lights. Some systems use audio detection, where a certain type of siren must be used and detected by a receiver on the traffic light structure.
1132:. This places the cycle track around the edge of the signal junction and gives cyclists and pedestrians a single all-red phase, entirely separate from motor traffic and shortens pedestrian crossing times.
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Crash experience. The volumes in the eight- and four-hour warrants may be reduced if five or more right-angle and cross traffic turn collisions have happened at the intersection in a twelve-month period.
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Railroad signals, for stopping trains in their own right of way, generally use the opposite positioning of the colours; that is, for signals above the driver's eyeline, green on top and red below is the
4962:
National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Crash Reduction Factors for Traffic Engineering and Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Improvements: State-of-Knowledge Report, November 2005, Table 3
2868:
Convention on Road Signs and Signals of 1968; European Agreement Supplementing the Convention; and, Protocol on Road Markings, Additional to the European Agreement : (2006 consolidated versions)
1905:
Many traffic light installations are fitted with vehicle actuation, i.e. detection, to improve the flexibility of traffic systems to respond to varying traffic flows. Detectors come in the form of
1902:, where pedestrians can cross the empty junction in any direction all at once. Some signals have no "all red" phase: the light turns green for cross traffic the instant the other light turns red.
1128:
complete far-side turns without having to wait in the centre of the junction. UK engineers have innovated on this design through the Cycle Optimised Protected Signals (CYCLOPS) junction, e.g. in
97:), and green arranged vertically or horizontally in that order. Although this is internationally standardised, variations in traffic light sequences and laws exist on national and local scales.
1752:
In Japan, tram signals are under the regular vehicle signal; however, the colour of the signal intended for trams is orange. The small light at the top tells the driver when the vehicle's
2448:
School crossing. If the traffic density at school crossing times exceeds one per minute which is considered to provide too few gaps in the traffic for children to safely cross the street.
2177:(ITE) chromaticity and luminance standards. The Fresnel lens collimates the light output created by the lamp and creates a uniform display of light for the lane in which it is intended.
235:
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2313:
schemes, was sceptical of their role, and is quoted as having said of them: "We only want traffic lights where they are useful and I haven't found anywhere where they are useful yet."
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Last 2 digits count light of the timeout (the counter light is 15 while the time is 115 seconds, there are some types of lights that count as "-9" or "9-" when the time is 109 seconds)
188:
were beginning to be controlled by automatic timers more widely. The main advantage of the use of the timer was that it saved cities money by replacing traffic officers. The city of
1082:", which is a cuckoo call, are associated with this system. Some pedestrian crossings in Lithuania make a slow beeping sound indicating that the traffic light is about to turn off.
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authorities synchronise traffic signals, consider alternative traffic management systems and consider placing traffic lights away from residential areas, schools, and hospitals.
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road or a collector road, or on an expressway where an interchange is not warranted. In some situations, traffic signals can also be found on collector roads in busy settings.
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Alternatively, cyclists can be considered pedestrians on approach to a junction, or where a cycle track crosses a road and combined pedestrian-cyclist traffic lights (known as
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Roadway network. Installing a traffic control signal at some intersections might be justified to encourage concentration and organization of traffic flow on a roadway network.
1062:, will make a fast beeping sound to indicate that it is safe to cross the road. The beeping sound is disabled during the nighttime so as not to disturb any nearby residents.
214:
was the first to use more advanced computers that were better at vehicle detection. The computers maintained control over 159 signals in the cities through telephone lines.
2734:. Barnes did not claim to have invented the system but was a strong advocate of it, having observed the difficulties his daughter faced crossing the road to get to school.
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indications. During this red-plus-amber indication, the intersection is closed to vehicular traffic and pedestrians may cross, usually in whatever direction they choose.
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The first system of traffic signals, which was a semaphore traffic signal, was installed as a way to replace police officer control of vehicular traffic outside the
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Traffic lights for public transport often use signals that are distinct from those for private traffic. They can be letters, arrows or bars of white or (an LED 100-
2158:).From off-axis, these signals appear to be "off" or invisible to adjacent lanes of traffic during the daytime. Only a faint glow can be seen when viewed at night.
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Flashing green man or no man: do not start to cross (only at mid-block crossings); if it appears during crossing, then continue to cross if unable to stop safely
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injuries, this is often an acceptable trade-off. They can also adversely affect the safety of bicycle and pedestrian traffic. Between 1979 and 1988, the city of
407:
Lights have not counted down, when 99 seconds are left, start counting. During the standby time, the light may be displayed as "99", "00", "--" or not displayed.
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giving drivers a recommended speed to approach the next traffic light in its green phase and avoid a stop due to reaching the intersection when lights are red.
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Traffic must stop before entering the intersection, but may then treat the signal by the same rules as a stop sign to make the movement displayed by the arrow.
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2030:
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in May 2024. Criticism in South Korea says that this is unrealistic and unreasonable. In addition, this can cause multiple collisions due to sudden braking.
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use six signals, the sixth being a red arrow that can operate separately from the standard red light. In a fourth type, sometimes seen at intersections in
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have also included a hybrid design, which had one or more 12 inch lights along with one or more lights of 8 inches (200 mm) on the same light.
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can be placed after the stop line at traffic lights. This allows cyclists to position themselves in front of traffic at a red light and get a headstart.
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Unlike preemption, which immediately interrupts a signal's normal operation to serve the preempting vehicle and is usually reserved for emergency use, "
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Also, if a signal meets only the peak hour warrant, the advantages during that time may not outweigh the disadvantages during the rest of the day.
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2464:, in order to provide a preemption sequence to allow traffic queued up on the tracks an opportunity to clear the tracks before the train arrives.
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Pedestrian volume. If the traffic volume on a major street is so heavy that pedestrians experience excessive delays in attempting to cross it.
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4687:"Engineering Team Develops Device to Aid LED Traffic Signals in Inclement Weather & Places Overall in Campus's Senior Design Competition"
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Traffic can proceed in the direction shown by the arrow, yielding to any pedestrians in a crosswalk or other vehicles in the intersection
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provides input as to standards concerning traffic signals and control devices. One example is the input the association provided for the
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2004:
Variable lane control is a form of intelligent transportation systems which involve the use of lane-use control signals, typically on a
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2409:
2397:
5120:"Keeping City Traffic Moving: One of the Most Difficult of All City Problems, And The New Methods Which Have Been Devised To Solve It"
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Traffic can cautiously enter the intersection to make the movement displayed by the arrow, yielding to pedestrians and other vehicles
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As the 12 to 45% of pedestrian deaths caused by 'pedestrian distraction' has been linked to cell phone usage, some cities (including
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other traffic is sparse as well as when the small vehicle is coming from a direction that does not have a high volume of traffic.
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illuminate for pedestrians. At the end of the crossing phase, the 'Don't Walk' symbol will flash, as will the amber traffic light.
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Flashing blue or green man: do not start to cross; if it appears during crossing, then continue to cross if unable to stop safely
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that drivers can turn kerb-to-kerb (i.e. turning right at most junctions), even when a red light shows. On the other hand, this
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Where pedestrians need to cross the road between junctions, a signal-controlled crossing may be provided as an alternative to a
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Coordinated signal system. For places where adjacent traffic control signals do not keep traffic grouped together efficiently.
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specifies a standard vertically oriented signal with either two or three lenses, displaying white lines on a black background.
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while amber would indicate to slow or while following a pace car; red would indicate to stop, probably for emergency reasons.
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and legal rules. In most jurisdictions, it is against the law to disobey traffic signals and the police, or devices such as
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system of one amber signal in the form of the letter T is used instead; the tram must proceed only when the signal is lit.
2038:
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6007:
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5015:
3276:"Supreme Court rules that driver should stop when yellow light turns on even if car is expected to stop in intersection"
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Flashing red man: do not start to cross; if it appears during crossing, then continue to cross if unable to stop safely
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Green – Proceed if the intersection or crossing is clear; vehicles are not allowed to block the intersection or crossing
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Traffic can proceed in any permitted direction, yielding to pedestrians in a crosswalk or other vehicles when turning
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to further improve performance of signal systems. A traffic signal junction or crossing is typically controlled by a
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uses a distinctive "negenoog" (nine-eyed) design shown on the top row of the diagram; bottom row signals are used in
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Traffic must stop before entering the intersection, but may then treat the signal by the same rules as a STOP sign.
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Department for Transport, Department for Infrastructure (Northern Ireland), Transport Scotland and Welsh Government
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703:
192:
was able to reassign all but 500 of its 6,000 officers working on the traffic squad, saving the city $ 12,500,000.
4598:"Arrêté du 24 novembre 1967 relatif à la signalisation des routes et des autoroutes – Article 7 | Legifrance"
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Eight-hour vehicular volume. Traffic volume must exceed prescribed minima for eight hours of an average weekday.
834:
stophand: do not start to cross; if it appears during crossing, then continue to cross if unable to stop safely
326:
Traffic may not pass the stop line or enter the intersection, unless it cannot safely stop when the light shows
7007:
6792:
6002:
5185:
5177:
4396:
3734:"The Effects of Pedestrian Countdown Timers on Safety and Efficiency of Operations at Signalized Intersections"
3663:
3382:
3357:
3331:
3309:
2405:
1955:
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Red standing man: do not cross; if it appears during crossing, then continue to cross if unable to stop safely
702:
Several intersections in Wellington, New Zealand, have alternative green man figures. Eight intersections near
31:
17:
4909:
4264:
3852:
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Four-hour vehicular volume. Traffic volume must exceed prescribed minima for four hours of an average weekday.
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The rules governing traffic light junctions for vehicles differ by jurisdiction. For example, it is common in
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4029:(Report). Rev. 3. United States Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. July 2022
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cool for this to happen. As a response to the safety concerns, a heating element on the lens was developed.
7172:
6333:
5183:
Safety Evaluation of Discontinuing Late-night Flash Operations at Signalized Intersections: Summary Report
5175:
Safety Evaluation of Converting Traffic Signals from Incandescent to Light-emitting Diodes: Summary Report
3997:
3210:
3091:
2460:
Intersection near a grade crossing. A traffic control signal is often justified at an intersection near a
479:, are used to reinforce stop signs at intersections. The MUTCD specifies the following vehicular signals:
413:
Tens digit on the displayer becomes a letter. Displaying A0 for 100 seconds, B0 for 110 seconds, so forth.
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6832:
5219:
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2790:
Editor's Note: The origin of 'robot' used as 'traffic light' is from the English translation of the play
2565:
2561:
1892:
916:
713:, while four intersections along Cuba Street have silhouettes of drag performer and LGBT rights activist
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In the United Kingdom, 12-inch lights were implemented only with Mellor Design Signal heads designed by
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5612:
5577:
5439:
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3353:
2686:
1966:, which is a synthesis of best practices and treatments to help practitioners make informed decisions.
780:
38:
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3013:
2415:
In the United States, the criteria for installation of a traffic control signal are prescribed by the
206:
in America in the 1950s. One of the best historical examples of computerized control of lights was in
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4302:"How does a traffic light detect that a car has pulled up and is waiting for the light to change?"
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Flashing amber: cross with caution, obey signage (used when lights are out of order or shut down)
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Class name: Heating devices combined with diverse-type art device electrical devices, 20120255942
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171:. It was installed by the American Traffic Signal Company on the corner of East 105th Street and
4595:
Arrêté du 24 novembre 1967 relatif à la signalisation des routes et des autoroutes – Article 7.
4168:
3751:
Kłos, Marcin Jacek; Sobota, Aleksander; Żochowska, Renata; Karoń, Grzegorz (11 September 2020).
334:
Traffic may proceed, unless it would not clear the intersection before the next change of phase
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Some regions have signals that are interruptible, giving priority to special traffic, usually
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Another type of traffic light that is used in racing is the Christmas Tree, which is used in
652:
374:
sometimes omitted, leaving only the green arrow below the steady green light, or possibly an
136:
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2184:
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rule is uncommon in Europe, unless an arrow signal or traffic sign specifically permits it.
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Unless another signal permits, traffic shall not enter the intersection except to lawfully
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In Germany, the fine for crossing a red light if caught is as of 2019 between €5 and €10.
733:
Flashing amber: cross with caution (often used in low-traffic crossing or after midnight)
542:
Traffic can cautiously enter the intersection, yielding to pedestrians and other vehicles
8:
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6974:
6439:
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6105:
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1975:
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replaces the green light indicating that buses or trams (respectively) have right of way.
1054:
is also widely used at busy intersections in Canadian cities. In the United Kingdom, the
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907:
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Amber (steady, after green, before red): continue to cross only if unable to stop safely
664:
86:
82:
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2744:
Red-Yellow-Green sequence on two sides and Green-Yellow-Red sequence on the cross sides
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2005:
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2871:. New York: United Nations. Economic Commission for Europe. Transport Division. 2007.
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system is (usually) completely automatic. However, the system was withdrawn after the
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984:
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Standard meanings for traffic lights internationally (Vienna Convention, Article 23)
184:
101:
4776:
Village of Canajoharie to permanently move historic dummy light out of Wagner Square
1720:, dedicated traffic signals for public transport (tram, as well any that is using a
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3103:
3092:"The Eccentric Engineer: The History of Traffic Lights Is Full of Twists and Turns"
2828:
2521:
2484:
2188:
An animated GIF shows a traffic light in 3 reverted phases: red, yellow, then green
2164:
Signals such as the 3M High Visibility Signal utilize light-diffusing optics and a
2072:
1696:
1059:
903:
887:
779:
pedestrian traffic signals have come to be seen as a nostalgic sign for the former
248:
199:
patented a design of a manually operated three-way traffic light with moving arms.
46:
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Traffic may not proceed beyond the stop line, or otherwise enter the intersection
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FHWA Arterial Management Website, latest information on traffic signal operations
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2009:
1136:
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831:
548:
153:
110:
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226:
Traffic lights can have several additional lights for filter turns or bus lanes.
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3738:
Civil and Environmental Engineering Theses, Dissertations, and Student Research
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1906:
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882:
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The green movement is being terminated and a red signal will soon be displayed
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Displaying only last 2 digits but with flashing to indicate it's more than 100.
196:
164:
118:
114:
5052:
4713:
3948:
3827:"Zombie traffic lights' are saving the lives of smartphone users - here's how"
3525:
Begriffsbestimmungen, Teil: Verkehrsplanung, Straßenentwurf und Straßenbetrieb
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585:
500:
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6100:
4049:"Publication on traffic lights the from the Swedish Transport Administration"
3778:
3409:
Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways: Chapter 4
2886:
2438:
2079:
1923:
1824:. Most of the systems operate with small transmitters that send radio waves,
842:
710:
602:
483:
Standard meanings for traffic lights in the United States (MUTCD, Chapter 4)
321:
282:
189:
149:
94:
6070:
1862:
1543:
1429:
1315:
1211:
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259:
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6350:
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5331:
5299:
5235:
4545:
3753:"Effects of countdown timers on traffic safety at signalized intersections"
2539:
2534:
2512:
2322:
2310:
2165:
2068:
1845:
1829:
1803:
648:
78:
5110:
3769:
3752:
3305:"Frequently Asked Questions – Part 4 Highway Traffic Signals – FHWA MUTCD"
3108:
2433:
Peak hour volume or delay. This is applied only in unusual cases, such as
1928:
1879:
or other sensors on junction approaches. Area-wide coordination can allow
1616:
1602:
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2083:
1992:
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450:
434:
383:
160:
6879:
4568:"Pravilnik o prometni signalizaciji in prometni opremi na javnih cestah"
2786:"see robot – definition of robot in Dictionary of South African English"
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420:
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4908:. Institute of Transportation Engineers. September 2007. Archived from
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2209:(cannot see the illuminated signal due to sunlight falling on it), and
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from the original on 13 September 2023 – via large.stanford.edu.
2056:
1747:
1176:
179:, Ohio. The first four-way, three-colour traffic light was created by
30:
This article is about lights used for signalling. For other uses, see
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7157:
7110:
6675:
6604:
6584:
6090:
5327:
5274:
5259:
5182:
5174:
3211:"Flashing Yellow Arrow Traffic Signals – Traffic Engineering – MnDOT"
2490:
Traffic lights have also been used in computer software, such as the
2063:
attempts to discourage red light running by posting the minimum fine.
1817:
1782:
969:
874:
809:
United States, Canada, Mexico (Tijuana), Philippines (Makati, Davao)
804:
signals are in combination with those controlling vehicular traffic.
614:, with specially shaped lights to assist people with colour blindness
244:
203:
176:
145:
5040:
Section 4C. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (2009 Edition)
4143:
1887:
systems combine traditional actuation, a wider array of sensors and
1646:"Go" lens may be used in flashing mode to indicate "prepare to stop"
1096:
6992:
6932:
6629:
6599:
6560:
6525:
6495:
6284:
6085:
2235:
1997:
1872:
1825:
1721:
965:
957:
744:
Blue or green man: safe to cross (cyclists may cross or turn left)
449:
Without an all-red phase, cross-turning traffic may be caught in a
252:
3411:. US Federal Highway Administration. URL Accessed: 7 January 2022.
1980:
6944:
6889:
6589:
6567:
5170:
SCATS – Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System
5057:
4216:"Going Nowhere Fast? Smart Traffic Lights Can Help Ease Gridlock"
3949:"Junction design, the Dutch – cycle-friendly – way [120]"
2580:
1786:
1741:
387:
222:
211:
5204:
4498:"For Boston Drivers It's Turn Right on Red and Full Speed Ahead"
316:
The signal is about to change, but the red light rules do apply
156:
who would change the commands on this signal to direct traffic.
148:
traffic signals like the one in London were in use all over the
6572:
6530:
6155:
4668:"LED Traffic Lights Unusual, Potentially Deadly Winter Problem"
3236:"RoadSense for Drivers – Signs, Signals and Road Markings"
2791:
2267:
1933:
1717:
949:
873:
Traffic light animation (pedestrians, cyclists and traffic) in
619:
391:
207:
202:
The control of traffic lights made a big turn with the rise of
140:
105:
89:, and other locations in order to control the flow of traffic.
3668:
See also Figure 4-3 "Pedestrian signal face designs", p. 4D-3.
3523:
Forschungsgesellschaft für Straßen- und Verkehrswesen (2000).
2764:"robot – definition of robot in English – Oxford Dictionaries"
2730:
The Barnes Dance is named after an American traffic engineer,
1996:
Lane control signals installed on the Old Champlain Bridge in
7255:
6619:
6545:
6130:
6055:
4419:"Which European country has the strictest driving penalties?"
3379:"FHWA – MUTCD – 2003 Edition Revision 1 Chapter 2C"
3354:"FHWA – MUTCD – 2003 Edition Revision 1 Chapter 4D"
2491:
2348:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
1683:
Some systems use the letter B for buses and T for trams. The
1677:
953:
4665:
3801:"Smartphone texting linked to compromised pedestrian safety"
637:
Red and Amber – Get ready to proceed, but do not proceed yet
255:. The movable barrier closes when aircraft land or take off.
6253:
6243:
Comparison of traffic signs in English-speaking territories
5194:
5169:
3498:"The Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions 2016"
3473:"The Japanese traffic light blues: Stop on red, go on what"
1985:
1148:
923:
An all-red stage, also known as a full pedestrian stage, a
593:
Traffic shall not make the movement displayed by the arrow
168:
159:
In 1912, the first electric traffic light was developed by
51:
3263:. Ministry of Transportation of Ontario. 2012. p. 55.
2814:"The Origins and Globalization of Traffic Control Signals"
848:
steady display of amber lights simultaneously with the red
2978:
2937:
2935:
556:
The green or flashing arrow movement is being terminated
375:
100:
Traffic lights were first introduced in December 1868 on
4849:"Near Side Signals: Thinking Outside the Pedestrian Box"
3750:
3069:"First Tri-Color, Four-Directional Traffic Signal, 1920"
2309:, the innovative Dutch traffic engineer, and pioneer of
4574:(in Slovenian). Služba Vlade RS za zakonodajo: 56. 2016
3920:"Advanced Stop Line | Cycling Embassy of Great Britain"
3614:"Carmen Rupe lighting up Wellington streets once again"
3146:
2538:
hose along. Additionally, Massa drove into the path of
791:
United Kingdom, Ireland, Hong Kong, Switzerland, Macao
762:
Amber: continue to cross only if unable to stop safely
630:
In the UK, normal traffic lights follow this sequence:
4085:
Official regulation of traffic rules and traffic signs
3973:"Manchester opens UK's first CYCLOPS cycling junction"
3273:
3116:
2932:
27:
Signaling device to control competing flows of traffic
3656:
Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, Chapter 4D
2947:
2266:
Horizontal traffic lights mounted on a footbridge in
1866:
A staging diagram for a typical signalised T-junction
1711:
4096:"Emergency vehicle traffic signal preemption system"
1108:
An advanced stop line at traffic lights in Liverpool
429:
Issue about yellow light dilemma zone in South Korea
4645:"LED traffic lights could pose winter driving risk"
4392:"FHWA – MUTCD – 2003 Edition Revision 1 Chapter 4J"
4126:"FHWA – MUTCD – 2003 Edition Revision 1 Chapter 4F"
3679:"New traffic signals make it safer for pedestrians"
1883:systems to be set up for vehicles or cycle tracks.
1748:
Public transport signals in the Asia-Pacific region
1154:
2234:Part time pole/pedestal-mounted traffic lights in
2116:
647:A speed sign is a special traffic light, variable
81:and Namibia – are signaling devices positioned at
4936:"Is this the end of the road for traffic lights?"
4666:Elizabeth Leamy; Vanessa Weber (4 January 2010).
3194:Traffic Signs Manual – Chapter 6: Traffic Control
7295:
6211:Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions
4803:Traffic Signal Supports, Indications and Signing
4714:"Patent application title: Traffic Light Heater"
4684:
2150:, seen off-axis from the intended viewing area (
278:1968 Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals
37:"Stoplight" redirects here. For other uses, see
5093:Villages of Canajoharie & Palatine Bridge.
4711:
4290:https://tsrgd.co.uk/pdf/tal/2006/tal-1-06_4.pdf
4144:"Emergency Vehicles at Red Signal or Stop Sign"
3537:
3332:"The Flashing Yellow Arrow and the Yellow Trap"
3291:"'갈까 말까' 딜레마존…"안 겪어보면 몰라" 판결에 분통 [사실은]"
3261:Ontario Traffic Manual Book 12: Traffic Signals
3136:"US Patent: US1475024A 'Traffic signal' (1923)"
2154:) and from the signal's intended viewing area (
1028:
837:Orange stophand: do not enter the intersection
771:Red and amber: do not cross, prepare for green
5105:. Washington: Institute of Traffic Engineers.
4933:
4584:2444 — Vožnja desno ob rdeči luči na semaforju
4495:
4372:"Signalized Intersections Informational Guide"
4027:2009 Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
3653:"Section 4D-1 Pedestrian Signal Indications".
2067:Traffic lights control flows of traffic using
2008:above a carriageway. These lights are used in
935:A diagram of a countdown timer in the US style
6269:
5220:
4624:"The Highway Code: Using the road (rule 177)"
3540:Geschwindigkeitsvorgabe an Lichtsignalanlagen
2346:The examples and perspective in this section
6238:Comparison of MUTCD-influenced traffic signs
4991:"International Municipal Signal Association"
4288:DfT Traffic Advisory Leaflet 1/06, Part 4 –
3853:"Sublime design: the PB/5 pedestrian button"
2419:(MUTCD), which defines the criteria in nine
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
625:a historical change in the Japanese language
5103:Traffic devices: historical aspects thereof
5016:"Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices"
4878:"Why traffic lights are pollution hotspots"
4542:German Pedestrians' Association (FUSS e.V.)
3422:"Section 4L.02 Intersection Control Beacon"
3274:The Kyunghyang Shinmun, ed. (14 May 2024).
2721:etc.), such as in British Columbia, Canada.
1142:
943:
6276:
6262:
5227:
5213:
3588:
3083:
2911:
2533:, due to the fact that it heavily delayed
2410:United States Department of Transportation
2398:International Municipal Signal Association
2364:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
2029:The three-aspect standard is also used at
1964:Signalized Intersections Information Guide
1793:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1559:
1542:
1521:
1507:
1489:
1482:
1468:
1461:
1445:
1428:
1407:
1393:
1377:
1370:
1356:
1349:
1331:
1314:
1293:
1279:
1261:
1245:
1227:
1210:
1189:
1175:
999:Smartphone zombie light in green, close up
674:Pedestrian sequences in various countries
643:Amber – Stop, unless it is unsafe to do so
584:
564:
547:
530:
516:
499:
6204:Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
4100:United States Patent and Trademark Office
3768:
3589:Maoate-Cox, Daniela (11 September 2014).
3427:Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
3107:
2497:, and in pieces of artwork, particularly
2417:Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
2402:Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
2380:Learn how and when to remove this message
2220:
2024:
1960:Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
1649:
473:Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
5158:Animations of various US signal phasings
5132:. Doubleday, Page & Company: 621–532
5100:
4762:
4689:. University of Michigan. Archived from
3470:
3152:
2984:
2953:
2941:
2555:
2183:
2055:
1991:
1979:
1969:
1927:
1861:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1103:
1095:
1023:Smartphone zombie light in red, close up
930:
897:
868:
601:
419:
258:
229:
221:
152:. These traffic signals controlled by a
45:
5391:Direction, position, or indication sign
5125:The World's Work: A History of Our Time
3731:
3637:
3591:"Kate Sheppard lights encourage voting"
3430:. Federal Highway Administration. 2009.
3122:
3089:
2811:
14:
7296:
6040:Traffic light control and coordination
5065:from the original on 11 December 2021.
4958:
4956:
4843:
4841:
4809:. Woodcliff Lake, NJ: CED Engineering.
4252:Minnesota Department of Transportation
3877:Types of Pedestrian Crossing in the UK
3640:"Why the green man is king in Germany"
3611:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3063:
3061:
3037:
3035:
2965:
2677:Traffic-light signalling and operation
2672:Traffic light control and coordination
1858:Traffic light control and coordination
827:White walking man: cross with caution
467:The United States is not party to the
271:
6257:
6035:Variations in traffic light operation
5208:
5117:
5086:Croton-on-Hudson Historical Society.
4872:
4870:
4795:
4793:
4397:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
4386:
4384:
4234:
4186:
3946:
3942:
3940:
3890:"横断歩道、減る「通りゃんせ」 音響信号「ピヨピヨ」化：朝日新聞デジタル"
3824:
3727:
3725:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3383:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
3358:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
3310:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
3179:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3041:
3011:
2901:Variations in traffic light operation
2175:Institute of Transportation Engineers
1633:
906:, in Tokyo, is a famous example of a
658:
463:Variations in traffic light operation
263:Horizontally-mounted signals in Japan
4799:
4778:, Shenandoah Briere, August 10, 2022
4192:
3850:
3471:Backhaus, Peter (25 February 2013).
2861:
2859:
2857:
2663:, used in industrial process control
2477:
2404:(MUTCD). The MUTCD is issued by the
2332:
2031:locks on the Upper Mississippi River
1074:", which is a small bird call, and "
690:Australia, New Zealand, Philippines
217:
6008:Traffic signs in post-Soviet states
4953:
4838:
4740:"Intelight ESB Traffic Signal Head"
4712:Hankscraft Inc. (11 October 2012).
4496:Michael Knight (30 December 1979).
4445:"2019 Traffic Safety Culture Index"
4265:"Traffic Signal Design Terminology"
3288:
3079:from the original on 12 March 2024.
3058:
3032:
2286:, New York. It was removed in 2021.
397:
24:
4934:David Millward (4 November 2006).
4867:
4790:
4604:from the original on 12 April 2016
4471:"How to Prevent Red Light Runners"
4381:
4346:"Yellow lights shorter in Chicago"
4257:
3937:
3825:Broom, Douglas (1 November 2021).
3757:Transactions on Transport Sciences
3722:
3638:Melican, Brian (28 January 2014).
3396:
3158:
3090:Pollard, Justin (September 2008).
3014:"Traffic signals: A brief history"
3001:. Ken Pub. Co: 28–29. August 1914.
2968:"The History of Roads and Asphalt"
1948:
1712:Public transport signals in Europe
1100:Traffic light for a bike lane, NYC
268:restrictions or filter movements.
25:
7345:
6233:Comparison of European road signs
5234:
5146:
4685:Marmarelli, Beth (22 June 2011).
2905:
2854:
1895:mounted inside a cabinet nearby.
860:Green walking man: safe to cross
794:Green walking man: safe to cross
757:Germany, Czechia, Central Europe
354:Traffic may proceed with caution
5045:
5033:
5008:
4169:"Emergency Service and Vehicles"
3662:. 1986 revision (6th ed.).
3112:– via IET Digital Library.
2997:"New Traffic Signal Installed".
2966:Bellis, Mary (5 February 1952).
2625:Glossary of road transport terms
2596:is HORIZONTAL TRAFFIC LIGHT and
2337:
2328:
2275:
2259:
2243:
2227:
2136:
2125:
1988:typical lane control signal head
1774:
1762:
1155:Transit signals in North America
1085:
1016:
1004:
992:
977:
928:providing two pedestrian stages.
6793:Parabolic aluminized reflector
4983:
4965:
4927:
4895:
4813:
4732:
4705:
4678:
4659:
4637:
4616:
4589:
4560:
4530:
4515:
4489:
4463:
4437:
4411:
4364:
4338:
4320:
4294:
4282:
4208:
4161:
4136:
4118:
4088:
4073:
4041:
4015:
3990:
3965:
3947:Dutch, Bicycle (3 April 2011),
3912:
3882:
3870:
3844:
3818:
3793:
3744:
3696:
3671:
3646:
3631:
3612:Nicoll, Jared (8 August 2016).
3605:
3582:
3556:
3531:
3516:
3490:
3464:
3434:
3414:
3371:
3346:
3324:
3297:
3282:
3267:
3253:
3228:
3203:
3128:
3005:
2990:
2914:"12 Amazing Facts About London"
2737:
2724:
2714:
2117:Programmable visibility signals
1716:In some European countries and
813:Formerly signals used the text:
799:Red standing man: do not cross
749:Red standing man: do not cross
364:
6738:Hydrargyrum medium-arc iodide
6228:Comparison of Asian road signs
5186:Federal Highway Administration
5178:Federal Highway Administration
5097:. Retrieved 30 September 2008.
5095:Canajoharie, New York: Credits
5090:. Retrieved 30 September 2008.
5088:Canajoharie, New York: Credits
5083:. Retrieved 30 September 2008.
5081:Canajoharie, New York: Credits
3732:Schmitz, Jacob (1 July 2011).
3664:Federal Highway Administration
2959:
2893:
2805:
2778:
2756:
2406:Federal Highway Administration
1956:Federal Highway Administration
1909:fitted to the signal heads or
1011:Smartphone zombie light in red
444:
210:in 1952. In 1967, the city of
32:Traffic light (disambiguation)
13:
1:
4720:. United States Patent Office
4269:www.traffic-signal-design.com
3896:(in Japanese). Archived from
3704:"Leading Pedestrian Interval"
3504:. The National Archives. 2016
3200:. Accessed: 18 December 2021.
3042:Moyer, Sheldon (March 1947).
3020:. Washington State University
2768:Oxford Dictionaries – English
2750:
2574:
2146:Traffic signals installed in
1769:T signal (trams) in Hong Kong
456:
6283:
5118:Woods, Arthur (April 1916).
5101:Sessions, Gordon M. (1971).
5072:
4328:"Motorcycles And Stoplights"
4195:"Traffic Signal Progression"
3998:"What is a Toucan crossing?"
3851:Park, Miles (29 June 2014).
2812:McShane, Clay (March 1999).
2437:, industrial complexes, and
1851:
1139:in the UK) can be provided.
1029:Auditory and tactile signals
618:In the Canadian province of
477:intersection control beacons
7:
6983:Automotive light bulb types
6833:Intelligent street lighting
2612:
2609:is VERTICAL TRAFFIC LIGHT.
2566:European Union energy label
2562:Traffic light rating system
2360:, discuss the issue on the
2250:Mast-arm traffic lights in
2105:halogen bulb fitted with a
1932:Traffic light with time in
1058:and their predecessor, the
917:leading pedestrian interval
843:U.S. state of Massachusetts
10:
7350:
6746:Hydrargyrum quartz iodide
6121:Polish road signs typeface
4787:, Retrieved Jul. 10, 2023.
3924:www.cycling-embassy.org.uk
3527:. FGSV Verlag. p. 81.
3096:Engineering and Technology
3012:Clark, Larry (Fall 2019).
2833:10.1177/009614429902500304
2687:Traffic robots in Kinshasa
2559:
2510:
2299:
2049:
2013:traffic from a slip road.
1973:
1921:
1855:
1797:
1666:Could be in single housing
1625:
1513:Three LRT route diversion
1501:
1387:
1273:
1089:
781:German Democratic Republic
662:
634:Red – Stop, do not proceed
460:
128:
124:
39:Stoplight (disambiguation)
36:
29:
7324:History of road transport
7238:
7193:
7185:Stage lighting instrument
7134:
7057:
6973:
6898:
6768:
6708:
6656:
6628:
6506:
6408:
6380:
6371:
6291:
6220:
6195:
6165:International conventions
6164:
6048:
6022:
5995:
5947:
5926:
5861:
5636:
5458:
5412:
5403:
5351:
5313:
5242:
4825:Croton Friends of History
4173:Virginia General Assembly
3018:Washington State Magazine
2531:2008 Singapore Grand Prix
2506:
2089:
1917:
1800:Traffic signal preemption
1531:
1506:
1417:
1392:
1303:
1278:
1199:
1174:
1169:
1166:
1151:typical) coloured light.
1034:the Australian States of
693:Green man: safe to cross
684:
681:
510:
338:
301:
293:
131:History of traffic lights
7246:Battlefield illumination
7003:high-intensity discharge
6435:Electrochemiluminescence
5846:Gaelic-speaking Scotland
5371:Prohibitory traffic sign
5353:Vienna Convention Groups
4246:28 February 2021 at the
3538:Andreas Richter (2005).
3289:SBS, ed. (22 May 2024).
2821:Journal of Urban History
2708:
2594:HORIZONTAL TRAFFIC LIGHT
2094:
2052:Rules for traffic lights
2045:
1781:Bus and tram signals in
1399:Two LRT route diversion
1285:Two LRT route diversion
1143:Public transport signals
944:Smartphone Zombie ribbon
910:with diagonal crossings.
7106:Electroluminescent wire
5381:Special regulation sign
4973:"Archives - Philly.com"
3542:. DUV. pp. 33–34.
3250:Accessed: 25 March 2014
2667:Traffic light coalition
2192:
1889:artificial intellegence
1794:Preemption and priority
6788:Multifaceted reflector
5901:Central America (SICA)
5671:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2607:VERTICAL TRAFFIC LIGHT
2221:Mounting and placement
2189:
2064:
2025:Waterways and railways
2001:
1989:
1937:
1867:
1814:firefighting apparatus
1689:Minneapolis, Minnesota
1109:
1101:
1092:Protected intersection
936:
911:
878:
698:Red man: do not cross
615:
439:Supreme Court of Korea
425:
264:
256:
227:
59:
7178:ellipsoidal reflector
6783:Ellipsoidal reflector
6467:Fluorescent induction
6445:field-induced polymer
6111:NPS Rawlinson Roadway
5338:Give Way / Yield sign
5323:Priority to the right
5305:Variable-message sign
5270:Driver location signs
5191:Traffic signals, 1922
5042:. Mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov.
4800:Buckholz, Jeffrey W.
4647:. CTV. 5 October 2011
3977:Intelligent Transport
3770:10.5507/tots.2020.010
3666:. 1978. p. 4D-1.
2692:Slow Children At Play
2556:As a rating mechanism
2187:
2059:
1995:
1983:
1970:Variable lane control
1931:
1875:, i.e. controlled by
1865:
1687:light rail system in
1107:
1099:
1090:Further information:
934:
901:
872:
760:Green: safe to cross
725:Green: safe to cross
663:Further information:
653:variable-message sign
605:
423:
262:
242:
225:
49:
7329:Pedestrian crossings
7015:Rear position lights
6988:Daytime running lamp
6916:Mechanically powered
6803:Aviation obstruction
5618:United Arab Emirates
5250:Advisory speed limit
5197:photograph from the
5053:"Traffic Light Song"
4882:World Economic Forum
4783:10 July 2023 at the
4332:Motorcycle Assistant
4061:on 23 September 2016
3831:World Economic Forum
3564:"Pedestrian Signals"
3044:"Mr. 'Trafficlight'"
2682:Traffic optimization
2358:improve this section
1703:Streetcar System in
1052:assistive technology
706:have silhouettes of
704:Parliament Buildings
606:A traffic signal in
137:Houses of Parliament
87:pedestrian crossings
6423:Electron-stimulated
5201:Digital Collections
5199:Lloyd Sealy Library
5163:17 May 2013 at the
4977:articles.philly.com
4940:The Daily Telegraph
4241:Traffic Signals 101
4148:Ohio Laws and Rules
4106:on 21 December 2016
4083:RVV 1990 artikel 70
3593:. Radio New Zealand
3248:on 22 October 2013.
3215:www.dot.state.mn.us
3109:10.1049/et:20081518
2697:Smart traffic light
2651:Pedestrian crossing
2635:Lane control lights
2148:Shelton, Washington
1976:Lane control lights
1900:pedestrian scramble
1885:Smart traffic light
1161:
925:pedestrian scramble
908:pedestrian scramble
675:
665:Pedestrian crossing
494:Meaning (flashing)
484:
290:
272:Meanings of signals
7309:1868 introductions
7266:Luminous gemstones
6440:Electroluminescent
6418:Cathodoluminescent
6196:National standards
4821:"A Dummy Forever!"
4548:on 28 January 2021
4502:The New York Times
3900:on 6 November 2020
3710:. 17 November 2017
3570:. 25 December 2011
3502:legislation.gov.uk
3452:on 13 January 2010
2774:on 14 August 2018.
2500:Traffic Light Tree
2190:
2065:
2039:standard placement
2002:
1990:
1938:
1868:
1810:emergency vehicles
1159:
1118:advanced stop line
1110:
1102:
937:
912:
879:
768:Red: do not cross
727:Red: do not cross
673:
670:variations exist.
659:Pedestrian signals
616:
482:
426:
288:
265:
257:
228:
83:road intersections
60:
7291:
7290:
6808:Balanced-arm lamp
6764:
6763:
6648:Yablochkov candle
6516:Acetylene/Carbide
6486:Radioluminescence
6358:Luminous efficacy
6304:Color temperature
6251:
6250:
6018:
6017:
5399:
5398:
4997:, 23 October 2021
4903:"Traffic Signals"
4744:intelight-its.com
4538:"The Green Arrow"
4423:Zutobi Drivers Ed
4193:Robinson, Larry.
3568:SF Better Streets
3442:"Traffic Signals"
2987:, pp. 27–28.
2920:on 7 January 2017
2878:978-92-1-139128-2
2647:, rail equivalent
2583:, the symbol for
2478:In other contexts
2462:railroad crossing
2390:
2389:
2382:
2282:A dummy light in
2073:red light cameras
1693:Valley Metro Rail
1675:
1674:
1181:Single LRT route
1167:Three-lens signal
1048:Western Australia
985:Smartphone zombie
867:
866:
600:
599:
491:Meaning (steady)
469:Vienna Convention
358:
357:
243:Road crossing of
240:
218:Vehicular signals
185:Detroit, Michigan
163:, a policeman in
102:Parliament Square
54:traffic light in
16:(Redirected from
7341:
7314:Street furniture
7091:Christmas lights
7025:Safety reflector
7020:Reversing lights
6955:Navigation light
6906:Bicycle lighting
6796:
6749:
6741:
6715:
6474:Photoluminescent
6457:Fluorescent lamp
6430:Chemiluminescent
6378:
6377:
6346:Bi-pin lamp base
6341:Lightbulb socket
6278:
6271:
6264:
6255:
6254:
6146:Trafikkalfabetet
5996:Former countries
5410:
5409:
5386:Information sign
5311:
5310:
5229:
5222:
5215:
5206:
5205:
5141:
5139:
5137:
5114:
5079:City of Beacon.
5067:
5066:
5061:. 16 June 2017.
5049:
5043:
5037:
5031:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5012:
5006:
5005:
5004:
5002:
4987:
4981:
4980:
4969:
4963:
4960:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4946:
4931:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4920:
4915:on 27 March 2009
4914:
4907:
4899:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4888:
4874:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4845:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4831:
4817:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4797:
4788:
4766:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4750:on 8 August 2014
4746:. Archived from
4736:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4725:
4709:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4698:
4693:on 13 April 2012
4682:
4676:
4675:
4663:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4652:
4641:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4630:
4620:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4609:
4593:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4579:
4564:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4544:. Archived from
4534:
4528:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4493:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4482:
4467:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4456:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4415:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4404:
4388:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4368:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4324:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4298:
4292:
4286:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4261:
4255:
4238:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4212:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4201:
4190:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4165:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4140:
4134:
4133:
4122:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4111:
4102:. Archived from
4092:
4086:
4081:
4077:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4060:
4054:. Archived from
4053:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4019:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4008:
3994:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3944:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3930:
3916:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3886:
3880:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3857:The Conversation
3848:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3811:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3772:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3729:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3700:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3675:
3669:
3667:
3661:
3650:
3644:
3643:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3448:. Archived from
3446:Carrollton Texas
3438:
3432:
3431:
3418:
3412:
3405:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3334:. 7 January 2015
3328:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3257:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3241:. Archived from
3240:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3207:
3201:
3191:
3156:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3132:
3126:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3065:
3056:
3055:
3039:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3009:
3003:
3002:
2994:
2988:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2972:theinventors.org
2963:
2957:
2951:
2945:
2939:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2916:. Archived from
2912:Thames Leisure.
2909:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2863:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2818:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2770:. Archived from
2760:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2728:
2722:
2718:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2522:Scuderia Ferrari
2385:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2365:
2341:
2340:
2333:
2279:
2263:
2247:
2231:
2140:
2129:
1778:
1766:
1697:Phoenix, Arizona
1667:
1664:
1647:
1644:
1619:
1612:
1605:
1593:
1586:
1579:
1563:
1546:
1525:
1511:
1493:
1486:
1472:
1465:
1449:
1432:
1411:
1397:
1381:
1374:
1360:
1353:
1335:
1318:
1297:
1283:
1265:
1249:
1231:
1214:
1193:
1179:
1170:Two-lens signal
1162:
1160:MUTCD Fig. 8C-3
1158:
1137:Toucan crossings
1060:Pelican crossing
1056:Puffin crossings
1020:
1008:
996:
981:
904:Shibuya Crossing
888:pelican crossing
676:
672:
588:
568:
551:
536:Circular yellow
534:
520:
503:
485:
481:
398:Countdown lights
291:
287:
249:Sumburgh Airport
241:
73:– also known as
58:, United Kingdom
21:
7349:
7348:
7344:
7343:
7342:
7340:
7339:
7338:
7304:Traffic signals
7294:
7293:
7292:
7287:
7251:Bioluminescence
7234:
7203:
7189:
7146:
7130:
7069:
7053:
6969:
6894:
6818:Emergency light
6794:
6760:
6747:
6739:
6713:
6711:
6704:
6652:
6624:
6595:Magnesium torch
6502:
6404:
6373:
6367:
6324:Light pollution
6299:Accent lighting
6287:
6282:
6252:
6247:
6216:
6191:
6160:
6044:
6014:
5991:
5943:
5922:
5857:
5781:North Macedonia
5632:
5454:
5395:
5347:
5309:
5285:Regulatory sign
5280:One-way traffic
5238:
5233:
5165:Wayback Machine
5149:
5144:
5135:
5133:
5075:
5070:
5051:
5050:
5046:
5038:
5034:
5025:
5023:
5014:
5013:
5009:
5000:
4998:
4989:
4988:
4984:
4971:
4970:
4966:
4961:
4954:
4944:
4942:
4932:
4928:
4918:
4916:
4912:
4905:
4901:
4900:
4896:
4886:
4884:
4876:
4875:
4868:
4858:
4856:
4855:. 30 April 2021
4847:
4846:
4839:
4829:
4827:
4819:
4818:
4814:
4806:
4798:
4791:
4785:Wayback Machine
4767:
4763:
4753:
4751:
4738:
4737:
4733:
4723:
4721:
4710:
4706:
4696:
4694:
4683:
4679:
4664:
4660:
4650:
4648:
4643:
4642:
4638:
4628:
4626:
4622:
4621:
4617:
4607:
4605:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4577:
4575:
4566:
4565:
4561:
4551:
4549:
4536:
4535:
4531:
4520:
4516:
4506:
4504:
4494:
4490:
4480:
4478:
4477:. 25 March 2021
4475:Western Systems
4469:
4468:
4464:
4454:
4452:
4443:
4442:
4438:
4428:
4426:
4417:
4416:
4412:
4402:
4400:
4390:
4389:
4382:
4374:
4370:
4369:
4365:
4355:
4353:
4352:. 22 March 2010
4350:Chicago Tribune
4344:
4343:
4339:
4326:
4325:
4321:
4311:
4309:
4300:
4299:
4295:
4287:
4283:
4273:
4271:
4263:
4262:
4258:
4248:Wayback Machine
4239:
4235:
4225:
4223:
4214:
4213:
4209:
4199:
4197:
4191:
4187:
4177:
4175:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4152:
4150:
4142:
4141:
4137:
4124:
4123:
4119:
4109:
4107:
4094:
4093:
4089:
4079:
4078:
4074:
4064:
4062:
4058:
4051:
4047:
4046:
4042:
4032:
4030:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4006:
4004:
3996:
3995:
3991:
3981:
3979:
3971:
3970:
3966:
3957:
3955:
3945:
3938:
3928:
3926:
3918:
3917:
3913:
3903:
3901:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3875:
3871:
3861:
3859:
3849:
3845:
3835:
3833:
3823:
3819:
3809:
3807:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3749:
3745:
3730:
3723:
3713:
3711:
3708:City of Toronto
3702:
3701:
3697:
3687:
3685:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3659:
3652:
3651:
3647:
3636:
3632:
3622:
3620:
3610:
3606:
3596:
3594:
3587:
3583:
3573:
3571:
3562:
3561:
3557:
3550:
3536:
3532:
3521:
3517:
3507:
3505:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3481:
3479:
3477:The Japan Times
3469:
3465:
3455:
3453:
3440:
3439:
3435:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3406:
3397:
3387:
3385:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3362:
3360:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3337:
3335:
3330:
3329:
3325:
3315:
3313:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3287:
3283:
3272:
3268:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3245:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3219:
3217:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3192:
3159:
3153:Sessions (1971)
3151:
3147:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3121:
3117:
3088:
3084:
3067:
3066:
3059:
3040:
3033:
3023:
3021:
3010:
3006:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2985:Sessions (1971)
2983:
2979:
2964:
2960:
2954:Sessions (1971)
2952:
2948:
2942:Sessions (1971)
2940:
2933:
2923:
2921:
2910:
2906:
2898:
2894:
2879:
2865:
2864:
2855:
2845:
2843:
2816:
2810:
2806:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2748:
2742:
2738:
2732:Henry A. Barnes
2729:
2725:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2706:
2615:
2606:
2603:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2590:
2585:
2584:
2577:
2568:
2558:
2515:
2509:
2503:in London, UK.
2480:
2386:
2375:
2369:
2366:
2355:
2342:
2338:
2331:
2302:
2287:
2280:
2271:
2264:
2255:
2248:
2239:
2232:
2223:
2195:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2119:
2097:
2092:
2054:
2048:
2027:
1978:
1972:
1951:
1949:Design guidance
1926:
1920:
1911:induction loops
1907:digital sensors
1860:
1854:
1806:
1798:Main articles:
1796:
1789:
1779:
1770:
1767:
1750:
1714:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1650:
1645:
1634:
1629:
1537:Prepare to stop
1512:
1423:Prepare to stop
1398:
1309:Prepare to stop
1284:
1205:Prepare to stop
1180:
1157:
1145:
1094:
1088:
1040:New South Wales
1031:
1024:
1021:
1012:
1009:
1000:
997:
988:
982:
946:
823:Modern version:
667:
661:
589:
569:
552:
535:
521:
511:Not to be used
505:Circular green
504:
465:
459:
447:
431:
424:Countdown light
400:
367:
274:
230:
220:
154:traffic officer
133:
127:
119:level crossings
117:), and railway
115:smart motorways
67:traffic signals
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7347:
7337:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7289:
7288:
7286:
7285:
7284:
7283:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7242:
7240:
7239:Related topics
7236:
7235:
7233:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7206:
7204:
7202:
7201:
7198:
7194:
7191:
7190:
7188:
7187:
7182:
7181:
7180:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7149:
7147:
7145:
7144:
7141:
7135:
7132:
7131:
7129:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7072:
7070:
7068:
7067:
7062:
7058:
7055:
7054:
7052:
7051:
7050:
7049:
7039:
7034:
7033:
7032:
7030:retroreflector
7022:
7017:
7012:
7011:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6990:
6985:
6979:
6977:
6971:
6970:
6968:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6941:
6940:
6930:
6925:
6924:
6923:
6918:
6908:
6902:
6900:
6896:
6895:
6893:
6892:
6887:
6885:Track lighting
6882:
6877:
6876:
6875:
6865:
6860:
6858:Recessed light
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6828:Gooseneck lamp
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6799:
6798:
6790:
6785:
6774:
6772:
6766:
6765:
6762:
6761:
6759:
6758:
6753:
6752:
6751:
6743:
6735:
6725:
6719:
6717:
6710:High-intensity
6706:
6705:
6703:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6691:
6690:
6680:
6679:
6678:
6668:
6662:
6660:
6654:
6653:
6651:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6634:
6632:
6626:
6625:
6623:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6581:
6580:
6575:
6565:
6564:
6563:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6512:
6510:
6504:
6503:
6501:
6500:
6499:
6498:
6488:
6483:
6482:
6481:
6479:Laser headlamp
6471:
6470:
6469:
6464:
6449:
6448:
6447:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6426:
6425:
6414:
6412:
6406:
6405:
6403:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6386:
6384:
6375:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6354:
6353:
6348:
6338:
6337:
6336:
6331:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6309:Electric light
6306:
6301:
6295:
6293:
6289:
6288:
6281:
6280:
6273:
6266:
6258:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6224:
6222:
6218:
6217:
6215:
6214:
6208:
6199:
6197:
6193:
6192:
6190:
6189:
6188:
6187:
6182:
6174:
6168:
6166:
6162:
6161:
6159:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6096:Highway Gothic
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6061:ASTRA-Frutiger
6058:
6052:
6050:
6046:
6045:
6043:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6026:
6024:
6020:
6019:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6012:
6011:
6010:
5999:
5997:
5993:
5992:
5990:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5963:
5962:
5951:
5949:
5945:
5944:
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5865:
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5848:
5841:United Kingdom
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
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5788:
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5778:
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5748:
5743:
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5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5691:Czech Republic
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
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5648:
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5414:
5407:
5401:
5400:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5376:Mandatory sign
5373:
5368:
5366:Priority signs
5363:
5357:
5355:
5349:
5348:
5346:
5345:
5343:Filter in turn
5340:
5335:
5325:
5319:
5317:
5315:Priority signs
5308:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5255:Bilingual sign
5252:
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5239:
5232:
5231:
5224:
5217:
5209:
5203:
5202:
5188:
5180:
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5167:
5155:
5148:
5147:External links
5145:
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5115:
5098:
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4704:
4677:
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4588:
4572:Uradni List RS
4559:
4529:
4522:42 U.S.C.
4514:
4488:
4462:
4451:. 11 June 2020
4449:AAA Foundation
4436:
4425:. 8 April 2021
4410:
4380:
4363:
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4281:
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4207:
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3989:
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3881:
3879:. 2pass.co.uk.
3869:
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3395:
3370:
3345:
3323:
3296:
3281:
3266:
3252:
3227:
3202:
3157:
3155:, p. 143.
3145:
3140:patents.google
3127:
3125:, p. 385.
3123:McShane (1999)
3115:
3082:
3073:The Henry Ford
3057:
3031:
3004:
2989:
2977:
2958:
2946:
2944:, p. 141.
2931:
2904:
2892:
2877:
2853:
2827:(3): 379–404.
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2699:
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2679:
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2669:
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2658:
2653:
2648:
2645:Railway signal
2642:
2640:Level crossing
2637:
2632:
2630:Induction loop
2627:
2622:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2576:
2573:
2557:
2554:
2508:
2505:
2495:user interface
2483:males who are
2479:
2476:
2466:
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2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2431:
2428:
2408:(FHWA) of the
2388:
2387:
2352:of the subject
2350:worldwide view
2345:
2343:
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2330:
2327:
2307:Hans Monderman
2301:
2298:
2289:
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2240:
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2144:
2135:
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2115:
2107:prismatic lens
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2050:Main article:
2047:
2044:
2026:
2023:
1974:Main article:
1971:
1968:
1950:
1947:
1922:Main article:
1919:
1916:
1877:loop detectors
1856:Main article:
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1850:
1795:
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1722:dedicated lane
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1087:
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1070:" (peep) and "
1030:
1027:
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1015:
1013:
1010:
1003:
1001:
998:
991:
989:
987:light in green
983:
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883:zebra crossing
865:
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851:
839:
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471:; rather, the
461:Main article:
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219:
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197:Garrett Morgan
165:Salt Lake City
129:Main article:
126:
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63:Traffic lights
26:
18:Traffic signal
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7346:
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7220:Infrared lamp
7218:
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6980:
6978:
6976:
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6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6950:Laser pointer
6948:
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6936:
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6934:
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6874:
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6870:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6853:Pendant light
6851:
6849:
6848:Neon lighting
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
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6789:
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6757:
6754:
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6726:
6724:
6723:Mercury-vapor
6721:
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6718:
6716:
6707:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6689:
6686:
6685:
6684:
6681:
6677:
6674:
6673:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6666:Deuterium arc
6664:
6663:
6661:
6659:
6658:Gas discharge
6655:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6635:
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6407:
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6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6387:
6385:
6383:
6379:
6376:
6370:
6364:
6363:Task lighting
6361:
6359:
6356:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6343:
6342:
6339:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6326:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6319:Light fixture
6317:
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6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6296:
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6290:
6286:
6279:
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6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6126:Rail Alphabet
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6101:LLM Lettering
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
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6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
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6074:
6072:
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6059:
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6041:
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6036:
6033:
6031:
6030:Traffic light
6028:
6027:
6025:
6021:
6009:
6006:
6005:
6004:
6001:
6000:
5998:
5994:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
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5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5961:
5958:
5957:
5956:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5948:South America
5946:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5931:
5929:
5925:
5916:
5913:
5910:
5907:
5904:
5903:
5902:
5899:
5895:
5892:
5891:
5890:
5889:United States
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5862:North America
5860:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5843:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
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5809:
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5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5756:Liechtenstein
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
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5727:
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5709:
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5694:
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5509:
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5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
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5268:
5266:
5265:Dead end sign
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5247:
5245:
5241:
5237:
5236:Traffic signs
5230:
5225:
5223:
5218:
5216:
5211:
5210:
5207:
5200:
5196:
5192:
5189:
5187:
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5089:
5085:
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5077:
5064:
5060:
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5048:
5041:
5036:
5022:, 8 July 2023
5021:
5017:
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4779:
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4735:
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4708:
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4673:
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4603:
4599:
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4398:
4393:
4387:
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4367:
4351:
4347:
4341:
4333:
4329:
4323:
4307:
4306:Howstuffworks
4303:
4297:
4291:
4285:
4270:
4266:
4260:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4242:
4237:
4222:. 18 May 2022
4221:
4220:HowStuffWorks
4217:
4211:
4196:
4189:
4174:
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4149:
4145:
4139:
4131:
4127:
4121:
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4044:
4028:
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4018:
4003:
3999:
3993:
3978:
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3806:
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3796:
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3709:
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3699:
3684:
3680:
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3665:
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3649:
3641:
3634:
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3608:
3592:
3585:
3569:
3565:
3559:
3551:
3549:3-8244-0828-7
3545:
3541:
3534:
3526:
3519:
3503:
3499:
3493:
3478:
3474:
3467:
3451:
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3404:
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3384:
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3374:
3359:
3355:
3349:
3333:
3327:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3300:
3292:
3285:
3277:
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3256:
3244:
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3199:
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3149:
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3137:
3131:
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3119:
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3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3086:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3062:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3038:
3036:
3019:
3015:
3008:
3000:
2993:
2986:
2981:
2973:
2969:
2962:
2956:, p. 22.
2955:
2950:
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2902:
2896:
2888:
2884:
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2800:
2797:
2793:
2787:
2781:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2759:
2755:
2740:
2733:
2727:
2717:
2713:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
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2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2620:Ampelmännchen
2618:
2617:
2610:
2582:
2572:
2567:
2563:
2553:
2551:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2532:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2493:
2488:
2486:
2475:
2472:
2463:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2440:
2439:park and ride
2436:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2384:
2381:
2373:
2370:December 2010
2363:
2359:
2353:
2351:
2344:
2335:
2334:
2329:Justification
2326:
2324:
2318:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2297:
2293:
2285:
2278:
2273:
2269:
2262:
2257:
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2246:
2241:
2237:
2230:
2225:
2224:
2218:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2139:
2128:
2114:
2110:
2108:
2103:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2080:North America
2076:
2074:
2070:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2043:
2040:
2034:
2032:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2007:
1999:
1994:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1946:
1942:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1924:Signal timing
1915:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1864:
1859:
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1827:
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1788:
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1709:
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1614:
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1578:
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1471:
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1415:
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1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1369:
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1364:
1362:
1359:
1355:
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1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1282:
1277:
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1267:
1264:
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1258:
1255:
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1242:
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1226:
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1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1164:
1163:
1152:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1125:
1121:
1119:
1114:
1106:
1098:
1093:
1086:Cycle signals
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1019:
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1007:
1002:
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990:
986:
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975:
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941:
933:
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918:
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905:
900:
896:
893:
889:
884:
876:
871:
863:
861:
857:
854:
853:
849:
844:
840:
838:
835:
833:
828:
825:
824:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
807:
802:
800:
797:
793:
790:
789:
786:
782:
778:
777:Ampelmännchen
774:
772:
769:
766:
763:
759:
756:
755:
752:
750:
747:
743:
740:
739:
736:
734:
731:
728:
724:
721:
720:
716:
712:
711:Kate Sheppard
709:
705:
701:
699:
696:
692:
689:
688:
678:
677:
671:
666:
656:
654:
650:
642:
639:
636:
633:
632:
631:
628:
626:
621:
613:
609:
604:
595:
592:
587:
583:
582:
578:
576:
572:
570:Circular red
567:
563:
562:
558:
555:
553:Yellow arrow
550:
546:
545:
541:
538:
533:
529:
528:
524:
519:
515:
514:
507:
502:
498:
497:
493:
490:
487:
486:
480:
478:
474:
470:
464:
454:
452:
442:
440:
436:
422:
415:
412:
409:
406:
405:
404:
395:
393:
389:
385:
379:
377:
371:
362:
353:
350:
349:
344:
341:
337:
333:
330:
329:
325:
323:
320:
319:
315:
312:
311:
307:
304:
302:Non-flashing
300:
296:
292:
286:
284:
279:
269:
261:
254:
251:'s runway in
250:
246:
224:
215:
213:
209:
205:
200:
198:
193:
191:
186:
182:
181:William Potts
178:
174:
173:Euclid Avenue
170:
166:
162:
157:
155:
151:
150:United States
147:
142:
138:
132:
122:
120:
116:
112:
107:
103:
98:
96:
90:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
57:
53:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
7126:Strobe light
7121:Plasma globe
7096:Crackle tube
7086:Bubble light
7047:trafficators
7042:Turn signals
6868:Street light
6823:Gas lighting
6756:Sodium vapor
6728:Metal-halide
6630:Electric arc
6382:Incandescent
6351:Edison screw
6202:
6029:
6003:Soviet Union
5960:Buenos Aires
5613:Turkmenistan
5578:Saudi Arabia
5440:South Africa
5361:Warning sign
5300:Tourist sign
5193:, digitized
5134:. Retrieved
5129:
5123:
5102:
5056:
5047:
5035:
5024:, retrieved
5019:
5010:
4999:, retrieved
4994:
4985:
4976:
4967:
4943:. Retrieved
4939:
4929:
4917:. Retrieved
4910:the original
4897:
4885:. Retrieved
4881:
4857:. Retrieved
4852:
4828:. Retrieved
4824:
4815:
4802:
4775:
4771:The Recorder
4770:
4769:
4764:
4752:. Retrieved
4748:the original
4743:
4734:
4722:. Retrieved
4717:
4707:
4695:. Retrieved
4691:the original
4680:
4671:
4661:
4649:. Retrieved
4639:
4627:. Retrieved
4618:
4606:. Retrieved
4591:
4583:
4576:. Retrieved
4571:
4562:
4550:. Retrieved
4546:the original
4541:
4532:
4517:
4505:. Retrieved
4501:
4491:
4479:. Retrieved
4474:
4465:
4453:. Retrieved
4448:
4439:
4427:. Retrieved
4422:
4413:
4401:. Retrieved
4395:
4366:
4354:. Retrieved
4349:
4340:
4331:
4322:
4310:. Retrieved
4308:. April 2000
4305:
4296:
4284:
4272:. Retrieved
4268:
4259:
4236:
4224:. Retrieved
4219:
4210:
4198:. Retrieved
4188:
4176:. Retrieved
4172:
4163:
4151:. Retrieved
4147:
4138:
4129:
4120:
4108:. Retrieved
4104:the original
4099:
4090:
4075:
4063:. Retrieved
4056:the original
4043:
4033:20 September
4031:. Retrieved
4017:
4005:. Retrieved
4002:Auto Express
4001:
3992:
3980:. Retrieved
3976:
3967:
3956:, retrieved
3952:
3927:. Retrieved
3923:
3914:
3902:. Retrieved
3898:the original
3893:
3884:
3872:
3860:. Retrieved
3856:
3846:
3834:. Retrieved
3830:
3820:
3808:. Retrieved
3805:ScienceDaily
3804:
3795:
3763:(2): 19–27.
3760:
3756:
3746:
3737:
3712:. Retrieved
3707:
3698:
3686:. Retrieved
3682:
3673:
3655:
3648:
3633:
3623:20 September
3621:. Retrieved
3617:
3607:
3597:20 September
3595:. Retrieved
3584:
3572:. Retrieved
3567:
3558:
3539:
3533:
3524:
3518:
3506:. Retrieved
3501:
3492:
3480:. Retrieved
3476:
3466:
3454:. Retrieved
3450:the original
3445:
3436:
3426:
3416:
3386:. Retrieved
3373:
3361:. Retrieved
3348:
3336:. Retrieved
3326:
3314:. Retrieved
3308:
3299:
3293:(in Korean).
3284:
3269:
3260:
3255:
3243:the original
3230:
3218:. Retrieved
3214:
3205:
3197:
3148:
3139:
3130:
3118:
3099:
3095:
3085:
3072:
3047:
3022:. Retrieved
3017:
3007:
2999:The Motorist
2998:
2992:
2980:
2971:
2961:
2949:
2922:. Retrieved
2918:the original
2907:
2895:
2867:
2844:. Retrieved
2824:
2820:
2807:
2789:
2780:
2772:the original
2767:
2758:
2739:
2726:
2716:
2578:
2569:
2547:
2544:2008 season.
2540:Adrian Sutil
2535:Felipe Massa
2520:
2516:
2513:Racing flags
2498:
2489:
2485:colour blind
2481:
2467:
2435:office parks
2420:
2414:
2395:
2391:
2376:
2367:
2347:
2323:Philadelphia
2319:
2315:
2311:shared space
2303:
2294:
2290:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2203:David Mellor
2200:
2196:
2179:
2171:
2166:Fresnel lens
2163:
2155:
2151:
2111:
2098:
2077:
2069:social norms
2066:
2035:
2028:
2019:
2015:
2003:
1963:
1952:
1943:
1939:
1904:
1897:
1869:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1830:strobe light
1828:signals, or
1807:
1804:Bus priority
1751:
1735:
1731:
1715:
1682:
1676:
1626:
1146:
1134:
1126:
1122:
1115:
1111:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1032:
947:
938:
922:
913:
880:
859:
836:
829:
826:
822:
821:
818:
815:
812:
798:
795:
784:
775:In Germany,
770:
767:
764:
761:
748:
745:
732:
729:
726:
697:
694:
679:Country/ies
668:
649:traffic sign
646:
629:
617:
522:Green arrow
476:
466:
448:
432:
401:
380:
372:
368:
365:Green arrows
359:
275:
266:
201:
194:
158:
134:
99:
91:
79:South Africa
74:
70:
66:
62:
61:
43:
7319:Traffic law
7271:Signal lamp
7225:Stroboscope
7101:DJ lighting
7037:Stop lights
7008:sealed beam
6960:Searchlight
6700:Xenon flash
6643:Klieg light
6491:Solid-state
6452:Fluorescent
6410:Luminescent
6221:Comparisons
5939:New Zealand
5908:El Salvador
5894:Puerto Rico
5826:Switzerland
5776:Netherlands
5588:South Korea
5573:Philippines
5290:Speed limit
4887:19 December
4830:18 December
4526:§ 6322
4481:19 December
4455:19 December
4429:19 December
4403:19 December
4007:19 December
3982:18 December
3958:18 December
3929:19 December
3904:1 September
3862:19 December
3714:19 December
3688:19 December
3618:Stuff.co.nz
3574:18 December
3316:18 December
3220:18 December
3024:19 December
2796:Karel Čapek
2702:Yellow trap
2661:Stack light
2550:drag racing
2526:Formula One
2284:Canajoharie
2252:Ekiti State
2238:, Australia
2211:sun-phantom
2084:turn on red
1958:issues the
1841:the light.
1822:police cars
1754:transponder
1738:Netherlands
1705:New Orleans
1551:(flashing)
1437:(flashing)
1323:(flashing)
1219:(flashing)
892:HAWK beacon
715:Carmen Rupe
708:suffragette
612:Nova Scotia
575:turn on red
451:yellow trap
445:Yellow trap
435:South Korea
384:New Zealand
294:Light type
161:Lester Wire
113:systems or
7298:Categories
7215:Grow light
7210:Germicidal
7200:Scientific
7197:Industrial
7153:Floodlight
7139:Theatrical
7081:Blacklight
7076:Aroma lamp
7065:Decorative
6975:Automotive
6965:Solar lamp
6928:Glow stick
6911:Flashlight
6843:Nightlight
6838:Light tube
6813:Chandelier
6770:Stationary
6712:discharge
6638:Carbon arc
6508:Combustion
6374:generation
6372:Methods of
6185:Road signs
6071:Caractères
5905:Costa Rica
5771:Montenegro
5656:Azerbaijan
5623:Uzbekistan
5598:Tajikistan
5543:Kyrgyzstan
5538:Kazakhstan
5476:Bangladesh
5471:Azerbaijan
5405:By country
5294:by country
4859:4 February
4853:Streets.mn
4724:11 October
4552:28 January
4356:4 February
4226:4 February
4080:(in Dutch)
3102:(15): 93.
3048:Motor News
2924:25 January
2846:27 October
2751:References
2656:Ramp meter
2575:In Unicode
2560:See also:
2511:See also:
2471:roundabout
2061:California
2010:tidal flow
1984:An LED 50-
1893:controller
1881:green wave
1818:ambulances
1699:, and the
1130:Manchester
1036:Queensland
962:Bodegraven
877:, Slovenia
819:DONT WALK
590:Red arrow
457:Variations
313:Red/Amber
111:tidal flow
71:stoplights
56:Portsmouth
50:An LED 50-
7334:Semaphore
7281:Reflected
7261:Light art
7173:Spotlight
7158:Footlight
7143:Cinematic
7111:Lava lamp
6873:in the US
6778:Reflector
6695:Xenon arc
6676:Neon lamp
6605:Rushlight
6585:Limelight
6334:Hong Kong
6151:Transport
6091:Helvetica
6081:Clearview
6076:Clarendon
6049:Typefaces
5955:Argentina
5934:Australia
5917:Nicaragua
5911:Guatemala
5761:Lithuania
5593:Sri Lanka
5583:Singapore
5518:Indonesia
5491:Hong Kong
5430:Mauritius
5328:Stop sign
5275:Logo sign
5260:Crossbuck
5073:Citations
5020:Knowledge
4995:Knowledge
4651:5 October
4608:2 October
4578:25 August
4507:11 August
4312:7 January
4274:2 October
4110:7 October
4065:25 August
3787:225185972
3779:1802-971X
3683:USA Today
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2841:110125733
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6993:Headlamp
6933:Headlamp
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6561:Petromax
6556:Kerosene
6526:Campfire
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6285:Lighting
6106:Motorway
6086:DIN 1451
5982:Colombia
5914:Honduras
5796:Portugal
5676:Bulgaria
5603:Thailand
5568:Pakistan
5558:Mongolia
5553:Malaysia
5481:Cambodia
5445:Tanzania
5425:Botswana
5161:Archived
5136:4 August
5063:Archived
4781:Archived
4672:ABC News
4602:Archived
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3894:朝日新聞デジタル
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2000:, Canada
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5927:Oceania
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5836:Ukraine
5801:Romania
5741:Ireland
5736:Iceland
5731:Hungary
5721:Germany
5716:Georgia
5706:Finland
5701:Estonia
5696:Denmark
5681:Croatia
5666:Belgium
5661:Belarus
5651:Austria
5646:Armenia
5628:Vietnam
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5332:all way
5058:YouTube
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4754:21 June
4697:22 June
4629:26 June
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5972:Brazil
5884:Mexico
5869:Canada
5831:Turkey
5821:Sweden
5811:Serbia
5806:Russia
5791:Poland
5786:Norway
5751:Latvia
5726:Greece
5711:France
5686:Cyprus
5638:Europe
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5413:Africa
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5533:Japan
5513:India
5496:Macau
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5130:XXXI
5107:OCLC
5028:2023
5003:2023
4947:2009
4921:2009
4889:2021
4861:2023
4832:2021
4756:2013
4726:2012
4699:2011
4653:2011
4631:2015
4610:2015
4580:2021
4554:2021
4509:2022
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4457:2021
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3690:2021
3625:2016
3599:2016
3576:2021
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