452:. The DEPFETs provide an excellent energy resolution (<170eV at 7keV), low noise, fast readout and high time resolution, with good radiation hardness. The instrument combines the Large Detector Array, which is optimized for a wide field of view observations over a 40' x 40' instantaneous sky area, with a separate Fast Detector tailored to observe the brightest point sources of the X-ray sky with high throughput and low pile-up. These capabilities, in combination with the unprecedented effective area and wide field of the
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temporal coincidence of detecting energy in both detectors simultaneously. The focal plane array, the sensors and the cold front end electronics are cooled at a stable temperature less than 100 mK by a multi-stage cryogenic chain, assembled by a series of mechanical coolers, with interface temperatures at 15 K, 4 K and 2 K and 300 mK, pre-cooling a sub Kelvin cooler made of a
597:, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Switzerland), plus Japan and the United States. More than 50 research institutes are involved in the X-IFU consortium. The principal investigator of X-IFU is Dr Didier Barret, Director of research at the research institute in astrophysics and planetology of
565:. Calibration data are acquired along with each observation from modulated X-ray sources to enable the energy calibration required to reach the targeted spectral resolution. Although an integral field unit where each and every pixel delivers a high resolution X-ray spectrum, the defocussing capability of the
648:? Both questions can only be answered using a sensitive X-ray space observatory. Its combination of scientific performance exceeds any existing or planned X-ray missions by over one order of magnitude on several parameter spaces: effective area, weak line sensitivity, survey speed, just to mention a few.
665:
will be an X-ray observatory open to the whole astronomical community, poised to provide wide-ranging discoveries in almost all fields of modern astrophysics, with a large discovery potential of still unknown and unexpected phenomena. It represents the X-ray contribution to the fleet of large-scale
556:
to measure bulk motions and turbulence or its chemical composition), imposing the lowest possible instrumental background. This is achieved by the addition of a second cryogenic detector underneath the prime focal plane array. This way non-X-ray events such as particles can be vetoed using the
421:
on-axis, degrading gracefully to less than 10 arcseconds at 30 arcminutes off-axis. The mirror is based on ESA's
Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) technology. SPO provides an excellent ratio of collecting area to mass, while still offering a good angular resolution. It also benefits from a high
1000:
Bavdaz, Marcos; Wille, Eric; Ayre, Mark; Ferreira, Ivo; Shortt, Brian; Fransen, Sebastiaan; Collon, Maximilien; Vacanti, Giuseppe; Barrière, Nicolas; Landgraf, Boris (4 October 2018). Nikzad, Shouleh; Nakazawa, Kazuhiro; Den Herder, Jan-Willem A (eds.).
652:
will perform very sensitive measurements on a wide range of celestial objects. It will investigate the chemical evolution of the hot plasma permeating the intergalactic space in cluster of galaxies, search for elusive observational features of the
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mirror will enable the focal beam to be spread over hundreds of sensors. The X-IFU will thus be able to observe very bright X-ray sources. It will do so either with the nominal resolution, e.g. for detecting the baryons thought to reside in the
702:
Community Office (ACO) to obtain support in performing its tasks assigned by ESA, and most especially in the ASST role as "a focal point for the interests of the broad scientific community". Currently, this community is formed by more than
350:
completed successfully its Phase A with the
Mission Formulation Review on 12 November 2019. The next key milestone will be the mission adoption by ESA's Science Programme Committee (SPC) expected in 2023, leading to launch in 2035.
574:, using bright gamma-ray burst afterglows, as background sources shining through the cosmic web, or with a spectral resolution of 3–10 eV, e.g. for measuring the spins and characterizing the winds and outflows of bright
345:
Science Study Team (ASST) composed of expert scientists from the community. The ASST was appointed by ESA on 16 July 2014. The ESA Study
Scientist and Study Manager are Dr Matteo Guainazzi and Dr Mark Ayre respectively.
657:, investigate powerful outflows ejected from accreting black holes across their whole mass spectrum, and study their impact on the host galaxy, and identify sizeable samples of comparatively rare populations of
535:, with a spectral resolution requirement of 2.5 eV up to 7 keV over a hexagonal field of view of 5 arc minutes (equivalent diameter). The prime detector of X-IFU is made of a large format array of Molybdenum Gold
445:
547:
to provide the required stopping power. The pixel size corresponds to slightly less than 5 arc seconds on the sky, thus matching the angular resolution of the X-ray optics. A large part of the X-IFU related
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2031:
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science capabilities in the research world, through
Conferences & Workshops or supporting the production of ASST documents, including the White Papers identifying the scientific synergies of
1099:
Maximillien J. Collon; Giuseppe
Vacanti; Nicolas M. Barrière (12 July 2019). "Silicon pore optics mirror module production and testing". In Karafolas, Nikos; Sodnik, Zoran; Cugny, Bruno (eds.).
5385:
2498:
661: that are key to understanding the concurrent cosmological evolution of accreting black holes and galaxies. Among them are highly obscured and high-redshift (z≥6) AGN. Furthermore,
426:
and a modular design highly amenable to mass production necessary to achieve the unprecedented telescope collecting area. A movable mirror assembly can focus X-rays onto either one of
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Organisational aspects and optimisation of the community efforts assisting the ASST in several aspects, as for instance helping to the promotion of
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Barret, Didier; Lam Trong, Thien; den Herder, Jan-Willem (July 2018). Nikzad, Shouleh; Nakazawa, Kazuhiro; Den Herder, Jan-Willem A (eds.).
5463:
330:(IXO) proposal. In 2011, IXO was withdrawn and then ESA decided to proceed with a cost-reduced modification, which became known as ATHENA.
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As of
December 2018, when the X-IFU consortium was formally endorsed by ESA as being responsible for the procurement of the instrument to
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was selected due to its stable thermal environment, good sky visibility, high observing efficiency, and stable particle background.
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was selected in 2014 to become the second (L2) L-class Cosmic Vision mission, addressing the Hot and
Energetic Universe science theme.
970:
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Both the WFI and X-IFU successfully passed their
Preliminary Requirements Reviews, on 31 October 2018 and 11 April 2019 respectively.
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manages the project, and on behalf of the X-IFU consortium, is responsible for the delivery of the instrument to ESA.
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The primary goals of the mission are to map hot gas structures, determine their physical properties, and search for
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1010:. Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray. Vol. 106990X. DTU. p. 32.
718:
science objectives to the general public. The main tasks of the ACO can be divided into three categories:
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1306:. Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray. Vol. 10699. ads. p. 51.
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mode will allow a re-point manoeuvre within 4 hours for 50% of any randomly occurring events in the sky.
319:
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will perform pre-planned scheduled observations of up to 300 celestial locations per year. A special
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The WFI is developed by an international consortium composed of ESA member states. It is led by the
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418:
827:, a proposed space telescope with greater angular resolution, sensitivity, and spectroscopic power
640:: How does ordinary matter assemble into the large-scale structures that we see today? And how do
444:
The Wide Field Imager (WFI) is a large field of view spectral-imaging camera based on the unique
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4018:
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3226:
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1301:
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658:
492:
303:
4573:
1378:"The Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) Talk at the 2nd Athena Conference, Palermo, Italy"
519:). The principal investigator is Prof. Kirpal Nandra, Director of the High-Energy Group at MPE.
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1002:
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The "Hot and
Energetic Universe" science theme revolves around two fundamental questions in
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282:
and will offer spectroscopic and imaging capabilities exceeding those of currently operating
267:
54:
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The ACO is meant to become a focal point to facilitate the scientific exchange between the
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8:
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1967:
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science objectives relies on the observation of faint extended sources (e.g. hot gas in
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5000:
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417:, with an effective area of approx. 1.4 m (at 1 keV) and a spatial resolution of 5
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telescope, will provide breakthrough capabilities in X-ray imaging spectroscopy.
294:– by at least one order of magnitude on several parameter spaces simultaneously.
181:
44:
737:
community informed on the status of the project with the regular release of the
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5048:
4739:
3940:
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2448:
2428:
1999:
1522:
X-IFU, unveiling the secrets of the hot and energetic
Universe video on YouTube
1449:"The Athena Community Office Talk at the 2nd Athena conference, Palermo, Italy"
882:
755:
Develop communication and outreach activities, of particular interest, are the
590:
553:
364:
1531:
1526:
1521:
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1475:
949:"ESA Science & Technology: Athena to study the hot and energetic Universe"
66:
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5017:
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2220:
1934:
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at energies where their spectral signatures are the strongest (above 5 keV).
271:
233:
5750:
326:. Around 2008, these two proposals were merged into the joint NASA/ESA/JAXA
5756:
5712:
5491:
5413:
4067:
3886:
2483:
2307:
1427:
1255:"The Wide Field Imager - Talk at the 2nd Athena conference, Palermo, Italy"
1197:. In Nikzad, Shouleh; Nakazawa, Kazuhiro; Den Herder, Jan-Willem A (eds.).
637:
575:
414:
279:
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5202:
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5127:
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activities and the scientific community at large, and to disseminate the
130:
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4409:
4391:
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2578:
2418:
2135:
1329:
1214:
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1023:
641:
476:
372:
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527:
The X-ray Integral Field Unit is the cryogenic X-ray spectrometer of
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2931:
2339:
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1862:
1171:
814:
110:
1503:
1193:
Meidinger, Norbert; Nandra, Kirpal; Plattner, Markus (6 July 2018).
413:
X-ray observatory consists of a single X-ray telescope with a 12 m
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2363:
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2015:
1878:
1704:
1696:
1536:
1312:
1199:
Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray
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598:
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360:
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314:
The mission has its roots in two concepts from the early 2000s,
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5321:
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3138:
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2678:
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2127:
2103:
1942:
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1729:
1606:
774:
666:
observational facilities to be operational in the 2030s (incl.
512:
463:(DEU) with partners in Germany (ECAP, IAA TĂĽbingen), Austria (
433:
two instruments (WFI and X-IFU, see below) at any given time.
5593:
5029:
4676:
4347:
4263:
4212:
4158:
3515:
3510:
3313:
3250:
3170:
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3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3072:
3003:
2867:
2827:
2779:
2739:
2731:
2331:
1712:
1512:
1278:
1195:"Development of the wide field imager instrument for ATHENA"
274:
to address the Hot and Energetic Universe scientific theme.
5316:
5276:
4809:
4784:
4764:
3555:
3505:
3463:
3436:
3356:
2947:
2347:
2039:
622:
621:-IAPS, Italy) are co-principal investigators of the X-IFU.
618:
610:
540:
480:
323:
315:
5689:
1401:
1299:
1172:"The Wide Field Imager for the Athena X-Ray Observatory"
883:"The Athena X-ray Observatory: Community Support Portal"
787:
L'Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie
1192:
999:
585:, the X-IFU consortium gathered 11 European countries (
730:
with other observational facilities in the early 2030s
1402:
Barcons X, Barret D, Decourchelle A (21 March 2017).
1404:"ATHENA: ESA's X-ray observatory for the late 2020s"
1101:
International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2018
796:
522:
491:), Poland (SRC PAS, NCAC PAS), the United Kingdom (
905:"ESA's new vision to study the invisible universe"
1151:Talk at the 2nd Athena Conference, Palermo, Italy
1078:Talk at the 2nd Athena conference, Palermo, Italy
783:Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
461:Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
448:developed in the semiconductor laboratory of the
5794:
3756:Space Applications and Telecommunications Centre
855:
853:
851:
849:
258:Advanced Telescope for High-ENergy Astrophysics
22:Advanced Telescope for High-ENergy Astrophysics
3766:Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility
1279:"The Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU)"
685:
266:) is an X-ray observatory mission selected by
4979:
3646:
1552:
846:
1303:The ATHENA x-ray integral field unit (X-IFU)
993:
941:
919:
278:will operate in the energy range of 0.2–12
4986:
4972:
3915:European Launcher Development Organisation
3653:
3639:
1559:
1545:
775:Instituto de FĂsica de Cantabria (CSIC-UC)
698:Science Study Team (ASST) established the
439:
309:
3978:
3660:
1311:
1142:Collon, Maximillien (25 September 2018).
1116:
404:
897:
4993:
1395:
1293:
628:
5795:
1375:
1186:
1141:
1092:
752:web portal and in the social channels.
617:, The Netherlands) and Dr Luigi Piro (
563:Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerator
531:X-IFU will deliver spatially resolved
5777:List of proposed missions to the Moon
4967:
3977:
3877:Space Situational Awareness Programme
3634:
1540:
1271:
1103:. Vol. 11180. SPIE. p. 74.
1063:
613:, France). Dr Jan-Willem den Herder (
505:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
5782:List of proposed space observatories
5145:Chinese Crewed Lunar Landing Mission
4924:
3920:European Space Research Organisation
3736:Space Research and Technology Centre
1566:
1532:Silicon pore optics mirror animation
1376:Barret, Didier (25 September 2018).
1369:
1246:
1201:. Vol. 10699. ads. p. 50.
820:List of proposed space observatories
4948:
1441:
1281:. X-IFU home page. 11 February 2021
1252:
1164:
1135:
777:. Further ACO contributors are the
705:800 members spread around the world
13:
1454:. ACO home page. 26 September 2018
1051:from the original on 12 April 2023
561:adsorption cooler coupled with an
247:Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
14:
5839:
5443:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
3587:List of proposed space telescopes
2268:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
1517:X-ray Integral Field Unit website
1499:mission proposal video on YouTube
1469:
748:, brief news, weekly news on the
523:X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU)
4947:
4935:
4923:
4912:
4911:
3741:ESA Centre for Earth Observation
3615:
3614:
1527:Silicon pore optics mirror video
1004:Development of the ATHENA mirror
799:
16:European X-ray space observatory
2489:Nautilus Deep Space Observatory
1253:Rau, Arne (24 September 2018).
328:International X-ray Observatory
4760:Columbus Man-Tended Free Flyer
963:
875:
337:The scientific advice for the
1:
3597:List of heliophysics missions
840:
655:Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium
572:Warm Hot Intergalactic Medium
539:coupled to absorbers made of
501:Pennsylvania State University
69:.the-athena-x-ray-observatory
1491:on ESA Cosmic Vision website
659:Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN)
7:
3577:Great Observatories program
1174:. WFI ATHENA. 30 April 2020
1071:"Mirror development status"
792:
341:mission is provided by the
320:Constellation-X Observatory
10:
5844:
5621:ISS Deorbit Vehicle (2030)
4830:Mars sample return mission
4650:European Data Relay System
4330:Meteosat Second Generation
4243:James Webb Space Telescope
4105:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer
3787:European Data Relay System
3761:Concurrent Design Facility
3068:Orbiting Solar Observatory
507:(MIT), SAO), Switzerland (
424:technology readiness level
297:
284:X-ray astronomy satellites
5772:
5741:
5688:
5515:
5472:
5395:
5257:
5165:
5158:
5108:
5039:
5008:
4999:
4903:
4868:
4730:
4659:
4589:
4521:
4453:Meteosat Third Generation
4312:Meteosat First Generation
4298:
4147:
4042:
3993:
3986:
3973:
3961:Planetary Science Archive
3928:
3907:
3795:
3774:
3746:European Astronaut Centre
3723:
3695:
3672:
3668:
3620:Category:Space telescopes
3610:
3569:
3424:
3325:
3294:
2547:
2399:
2244:
2147:
1962:
1853:
1687:
1642:
1581:
1574:
1508:Wide Field Imager website
1408:Astronomische Nachrichten
861:"Athena: Mission Summary"
833:, pathfinder mission for
446:Silicon DEPFET technology
288:Chandra X-ray Observatory
230:
218:
214:X-ray Integral Field Unit
210:
203:
199:
195:
187:
177:
172:
168:
164:
149:
144:
140:
136:
126:
116:
106:
98:
93:
89:
85:
77:
61:
50:
40:
36:
26:
5729:Uranus Orbiter and Probe
3582:List of space telescopes
1482:Community Support Portal
1080:. ESA. 25 September 2018
765:9 September 2018 at the
354:
304:supermassive black holes
3872:Living Planet Programme
3731:Space Operations Centre
975:Athena Community Office
929:. ESA. 1 September 2019
537:transition-edge sensors
493:University of Leicester
440:Wide Field Imager (WFI)
371:into a large amplitude
310:History and development
121:Centre Spatial Guyanais
4183:Hubble Space Telescope
3751:Space Astronomy Centre
2908:HEAO-2 (Einstein Obs.)
1428:10.1002/asna.201713323
825:Lynx X-ray Observatory
773:The ACO is led by the
511:), Portugal (IA), and
499:), the United States (
405:Optics and instruments
191:12 m (39 ft)
5813:European Space Agency
5588:Venus Orbiter Mission
3980:Projects and missions
3662:European Space Agency
2529:Space Solar Telescope
1414:(2–3). ads: 153–158.
515:(Athens Observatory,
399:Target of Opportunity
272:Cosmic Vision program
268:European Space Agency
150:Reference system
55:European Space Agency
4580:European Robotic Arm
4424:Sentinel-5 Precursor
3602:List of planetariums
2499:NRO donation to NASA
779:Université de Genève
744:8 March 2022 at the
509:University of Geneva
503:(Penn State), SLAC,
465:University of Vienna
5818:Future spaceflights
4994:Future spaceflights
4905:Future missions in
3951:European Space Camp
3682:Guiana Space Centre
3298:(Mission completed)
1583:Radio and Microwave
1480:X-ray observatory:
1420:2017AN....338..153B
1322:2018SPIE10699E..1GB
1207:2018SPIE10699E..1FM
1109:2019SPIE11180E..23C
1016:2018SPIE10699E..0XB
951:. ESA. 27 June 2014
907:. ESA. 8 March 2021
885:. ESA. 8 March 2021
644:grow and shape the
554:cluster of galaxies
517:University of Crete
386:. The orbit around
249:(LISA) →
23:
5072:Boeing Starliner-1
4755:Ceres Polar Lander
4590:Telecommunications
3235:Suzaku (Astro-EII)
3060:OAO-3 (Copernicus)
3044:Mikhailo Lomonosov
2892:Hinotori (Astro-A)
2494:New Worlds Mission
1330:10.1117/12.2312409
1215:10.1117/12.2310141
1118:10.1117/12.2535994
1024:10.1117/12.2313296
981:on 6 February 2022
807:Spaceflight portal
609:UT3-Paul Sabatier/
533:X-ray spectroscopy
450:Max Planck Society
145:Orbital parameters
21:
5790:
5789:
5737:
5736:
5598:Comet Interceptor
5562:Rosalind Franklin
5281:Lunar Trailblazer
5154:
5153:
4961:
4960:
4899:
4898:
4517:
4516:
4299:Earth observation
4129:Comet Interceptor
4120:Rosalind Franklin
4092:Trace Gas Orbiter
4043:Planetary science
3969:
3968:
3882:Science Programme
3628:
3627:
3526:SIM & SIMlite
2900:Hisaki (SPRINT-A)
2860:Hakucho (CORSA-b)
2414:Astro-1 Telescope
2240:
2239:
1144:"SPO development"
863:. ESA. 2 May 2022
270:(ESA) within its
255:
254:
242:Comet Interceptor
226:
225:
222:Wide Field Imager
81:4 years (planned)
5835:
5808:X-ray telescopes
5803:Space telescopes
5163:
5162:
5006:
5005:
4988:
4981:
4974:
4965:
4964:
4951:
4950:
4939:
4927:
4926:
4915:
4914:
4891:Schiaparelli EDM
4750:Calathus Mission
4574:Georges Lemaître
4532:ISS contribution
3991:
3990:
3975:
3974:
3670:
3669:
3655:
3648:
3641:
3632:
3631:
3618:
3617:
3417:
3413:Hitomi (Astro-H)
3409:
3401:
3393:
3385:
3377:
3369:
3361:
3353:
3345:
3337:
3318:
3310:
3299:
3287:
3279:
3271:
3263:
3255:
3247:
3239:
3231:
3223:
3215:
3207:
3199:
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3183:
3175:
3167:
3159:
3151:
3143:
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3119:
3064:
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3024:
3016:
3008:
3000:
2992:
2984:
2976:
2968:
2960:
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2936:
2928:
2920:
2912:
2904:
2896:
2888:
2880:
2872:
2864:
2856:
2848:
2840:
2832:
2824:
2816:
2808:
2800:
2792:
2784:
2776:
2768:
2760:
2752:
2744:
2736:
2728:
2720:
2712:
2704:
2696:
2688:
2663:
2655:
2647:
2639:
2631:
2623:
2615:
2607:
2599:
2591:
2583:
2575:
2567:
2559:
2392:
2384:
2376:
2368:
2360:
2352:
2344:
2336:
2328:
2320:
2312:
2304:
2296:
2288:
2280:
2272:
2264:
2256:
2233:
2225:
2217:
2209:
2201:
2193:
2185:
2177:
2169:
2161:
2150:or unclassified)
2140:
2132:
2124:
2116:
2108:
2100:
2092:
2084:
2076:
2068:
2060:
2052:
2044:
2036:
2028:
2020:
2012:
2004:
1996:
1988:
1980:
1955:
1947:
1939:
1931:
1923:
1915:
1907:
1899:
1895:Hinode (Solar-B)
1891:
1883:
1875:
1867:
1846:
1838:
1830:
1822:
1814:
1806:
1798:
1790:
1786:Hinode (Solar-B)
1782:
1774:
1766:
1758:
1750:
1742:
1734:
1726:
1718:
1709:
1701:
1680:
1672:
1664:
1656:
1635:
1627:
1619:
1611:
1603:
1595:
1579:
1578:
1568:Space telescopes
1561:
1554:
1547:
1538:
1537:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1453:
1445:
1439:
1438:
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1315:
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1243:
1241:
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1190:
1184:
1183:
1181:
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1168:
1162:
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1139:
1133:
1132:
1120:
1096:
1090:
1089:
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1085:
1075:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1050:
1009:
997:
991:
990:
988:
986:
977:. Archived from
971:"Athena mission"
967:
961:
960:
958:
956:
945:
939:
938:
936:
934:
923:
917:
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914:
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892:
890:
879:
873:
872:
870:
868:
857:
809:
804:
803:
802:
690:Community Office
432:
384:Sun-Earth system
206:
201:
200:
94:Start of mission
78:Mission duration
73:
70:
68:
24:
20:
5843:
5842:
5838:
5837:
5836:
5834:
5833:
5832:
5828:2035 in science
5793:
5792:
5791:
5786:
5768:
5743:
5733:
5684:
5511:
5468:
5391:
5253:
5150:
5104:
5066:Axiom Mission 4
5035:
4995:
4992:
4962:
4957:
4895:
4864:
4732:
4726:
4707:LISA Pathfinder
4664:
4662:
4655:
4585:
4568:Albert Einstein
4556:Johannes Kepler
4513:
4294:
4152:
4150:
4143:
4038:
3982:
3965:
3924:
3903:
3791:
3770:
3719:
3697:Launch vehicles
3691:
3664:
3659:
3629:
3624:
3606:
3592:X-ray telescope
3565:
3447:Constellation-X
3420:
3415:
3407:
3399:
3391:
3383:
3375:
3367:
3359:
3351:
3343:
3335:
3321:
3316:
3308:
3297:
3296:
3290:
3285:
3283:Yokoh (Solar-A)
3277:
3269:
3261:
3253:
3251:Tenma (Astro-B)
3245:
3237:
3229:
3221:
3213:
3205:
3197:
3189:
3181:
3173:
3165:
3157:
3149:
3141:
3133:
3125:
3117:
3062:
3054:
3046:
3038:
3030:
3022:
3014:
3012:LISA Pathfinder
3006:
2998:
2990:
2982:
2974:
2966:
2958:
2950:
2942:
2934:
2926:
2918:
2910:
2902:
2894:
2886:
2878:
2870:
2868:HALCA (MUSES-B)
2862:
2854:
2846:
2844:Ginga (Astro-C)
2838:
2830:
2822:
2814:
2806:
2798:
2790:
2782:
2774:
2766:
2758:
2750:
2742:
2734:
2726:
2718:
2710:
2702:
2694:
2686:
2661:
2653:
2645:
2637:
2629:
2621:
2613:
2605:
2597:
2589:
2581:
2573:
2565:
2563:Akari (Astro-F)
2557:
2543:
2395:
2390:
2382:
2374:
2366:
2358:
2350:
2342:
2334:
2326:
2318:
2310:
2302:
2294:
2286:
2278:
2270:
2262:
2254:
2236:
2231:
2223:
2215:
2207:
2199:
2191:
2183:
2175:
2167:
2159:
2149:
2148:Other (particle
2143:
2138:
2130:
2122:
2114:
2106:
2098:
2090:
2082:
2074:
2066:
2058:
2050:
2042:
2034:
2026:
2018:
2010:
2002:
1994:
1986:
1978:
1958:
1953:
1945:
1937:
1929:
1921:
1913:
1905:
1897:
1889:
1881:
1873:
1865:
1849:
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1836:
1828:
1820:
1812:
1804:
1796:
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1609:
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1593:
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1457:
1455:
1451:
1447:
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1442:
1432:
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1400:
1396:
1386:
1384:
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1374:
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1348:
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1277:
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1272:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1251:
1247:
1237:
1235:
1225:
1191:
1187:
1177:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1155:
1153:
1146:
1140:
1136:
1129:
1097:
1093:
1083:
1081:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1034:
1007:
998:
994:
984:
982:
969:
968:
964:
954:
952:
947:
946:
942:
932:
930:
925:
924:
920:
910:
908:
903:
902:
898:
888:
886:
881:
880:
876:
866:
864:
859:
858:
847:
843:
805:
800:
798:
795:
767:Wayback Machine
746:Wayback Machine
692:
634:
525:
497:Open University
471:(DTU), France (
442:
430:
407:
391:
380:
357:
312:
300:
251:
250:
244:
237:
204:
182:X-ray telescope
157:
65:
45:Space telescope
17:
12:
11:
5:
5841:
5831:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5788:
5787:
5785:
5784:
5779:
5773:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5766:
5765:(11 September)
5760:
5759:(10 September)
5754:
5747:
5745:
5739:
5738:
5735:
5734:
5732:
5731:
5726:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5694:
5692:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5682:
5676:
5670:
5664:
5658:
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5640:
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5622:
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5613:
5607:
5601:
5591:
5585:
5579:
5573:
5567:
5558:
5552:
5546:
5540:
5534:
5528:
5521:
5519:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5509:
5504:
5495:
5489:
5484:
5478:
5476:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5411:
5401:
5399:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5389:
5383:
5377:
5372:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5331:
5325:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5284:
5274:
5269:
5263:
5261:
5255:
5254:
5252:
5251:
5245:
5239:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5197:Europa Clipper
5194:
5189:
5183:
5177:
5171:
5169:
5160:
5156:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5148:
5142:
5136:
5130:
5125:
5119:
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5110:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5081:
5075:
5069:
5063:
5058:
5052:
5049:SpaceX Crew-10
5045:
5043:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5027:
5021:
5014:
5012:
5003:
4997:
4996:
4991:
4990:
4983:
4976:
4968:
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4958:
4956:
4955:
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4921:
4904:
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4900:
4897:
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4894:
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4888:
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4872:
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4866:
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4863:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4770:Darwin Mission
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4736:
4734:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4716:
4715:(2019–present)
4710:
4704:
4698:
4697:(2013–present)
4692:
4691:(2009–present)
4686:
4680:
4679:(2001–present)
4674:
4667:
4665:
4660:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4652:(2016–present)
4647:
4642:
4641:(2014–present)
4636:
4635:(2011–present)
4630:
4629:(2010–present)
4624:
4623:(2008–present)
4618:
4617:(2005–present)
4612:
4611:(2001–present)
4606:
4600:
4593:
4591:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4583:
4577:
4571:
4565:
4562:Edoardo Amaldi
4559:
4553:
4552:(2010–present)
4547:
4541:
4540:(2008–present)
4535:
4534:(1998–present)
4528:
4526:
4519:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4503:
4495:
4487:
4479:
4471:
4463:
4449:
4441:
4433:
4432:(2018–present)
4427:
4426:(2017–present)
4421:
4420:(2016–present)
4407:
4406:(2015–present)
4389:
4388:(2014–present)
4375:
4374:(2013–present)
4369:
4368:(2010–present)
4363:
4362:(2009–present)
4357:
4351:
4350:(2006–present)
4345:
4339:
4333:
4332:(2002–present)
4327:
4321:
4315:
4309:
4308:(1988–present)
4302:
4300:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4292:
4284:
4276:
4268:
4260:
4252:
4251:(2023–present)
4246:
4245:(2021–present)
4240:
4239:(2019–present)
4234:
4233:(2013–present)
4228:
4222:
4216:
4210:
4209:(2002–present)
4204:
4203:(1999–present)
4198:
4192:
4186:
4185:(1990–present)
4180:
4174:
4168:
4162:
4155:
4153:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4141:
4133:
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4116:
4108:
4102:
4101:(2018–present)
4096:
4095:(2016–present)
4087:
4081:
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4070:(2003–present)
4065:
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4053:
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4044:
4040:
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4037:
4036:
4028:
4027:(2020–present)
4022:
4016:
4015:(1995–present)
4010:
4004:
3997:
3995:
3988:
3984:
3983:
3971:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3963:
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3941:ESA Television
3938:
3932:
3930:
3929:Related topics
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3812:
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3797:
3793:
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3784:
3778:
3776:
3775:Communications
3772:
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3768:
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3748:
3743:
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3727:
3725:
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3720:
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3712:
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3623:
3622:
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3608:
3607:
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3508:
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3428:
3426:
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3410:
3402:
3394:
3386:
3378:
3370:
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3329:
3327:
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2724:Compton (CGRO)
2721:
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2651:ASCA (Astro-D)
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2449:Hypertelescope
2446:
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2429:Fresnel Imager
2426:
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2117:
2109:
2101:
2093:
2085:
2077:
2072:Max Valier Sat
2069:
2061:
2053:
2045:
2037:
2029:
2021:
2013:
2008:HXMT (Insight)
2005:
2000:Einstein Probe
1997:
1989:
1984:Chandra (AXAF)
1981:
1972:
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1715:constellation
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1470:External links
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927:"About ATHENA"
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591:Czech Republic
576:X-ray binaries
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365:launch vehicle
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15:
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2:
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5823:Cosmic Vision
5821:
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5809:
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5798:
5783:
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5698:Europa Lander
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5576:Solar-C EUVST
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5248:SpainSat NG I
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5019:
5018:SpaceX Crew-9
5016:
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5007:
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4663:demonstrators
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4149:Astronomy and
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4084:Venus Express
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4025:Solar Orbiter
4023:
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3999:
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3996:
3994:Solar physics
3992:
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3892:Cosmic Vision
3890:
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3257:
3252:
3249:
3244:
3243:Taiyo (SRATS)
3241:
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3225:
3220:
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3212:
3209:
3204:
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2324:Solar-C EUVST
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2309:
2306:
2301:
2298:
2293:
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2221:Solar Orbiter
2219:
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2211:
2206:
2203:
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2174:
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2110:
2105:
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2033:
2030:
2025:
2022:
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2014:
2009:
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1998:
1993:
1990:
1985:
1982:
1977:
1974:
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1965:
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1936:
1935:Solar Orbiter
1933:
1928:
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1896:
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1599:Solar Orbiter
1597:
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1569:
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1417:
1413:
1409:
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1398:
1379:
1372:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1347:9781510619517
1343:
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1314:
1309:
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1304:
1296:
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1234:
1230:
1226:
1224:9781510619517
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1189:
1173:
1167:
1152:
1145:
1138:
1130:
1128:9781510630772
1124:
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1114:
1110:
1106:
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1095:
1079:
1072:
1066:
1047:
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1033:9781510619517
1029:
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1021:
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632:science goals
631:
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385:
382:point of the
381:
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259:
248:
243:
240:←
236:
235:
234:Cosmic Vision
229:
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209:
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198:
194:
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64:
60:
56:
53:
49:
46:
43:
39:
35:
32:
29:
25:
19:
5757:Polaris Dawn
5713:Nano-JASMINE
5672:
5561:
5549:MBR Explorer
5492:NEO Surveyor
5118:(March 2026)
4940:
4929:
4916:
4906:
4815:Lunar Lander
4733:and proposed
4718:
4505:
4497:
4489:
4481:
4473:
4465:
4457:
4451:
4443:
4435:
4286:
4279:
4278:
4270:
4262:
4254:
4135:
4127:
4119:
4110:
4091:
4068:Mars Express
4030:
3908:Predecessors
3887:Horizon 2000
3468:
3451:
3295:Hibernating
3047:(2016–2019?)
2590:(1962, 1964)
2484:Nano-JASMINE
2379:
2308:NEO Surveyor
2232:(since 2006)
2224:(since 2020)
2216:(since 1995)
2208:(since 2019)
2200:(since 2017)
2192:(since 2008)
2184:(since 2015)
2176:(since 2015)
2168:(since 2011)
2160:(since 1997)
2139:(since 1999)
2131:(since 2024)
2123:(since 2023)
2115:(since 2022)
2107:(since 2012)
2099:(since 2017)
2091:(since 2018)
2083:(since 2009)
2075:(since 2017)
2067:(since 2004)
2059:(since 2024)
2051:(since 2019)
2043:(since 2021)
2035:(since 2020)
2027:(since 2008)
2019:(since 2002)
2011:(since 2017)
2003:(since 2024)
1995:(since 2015)
1987:(since 1999)
1979:(since 2015)
1954:(since 2004)
1946:(since 2006)
1938:(since 2020)
1930:(since 2008)
1922:(since 1995)
1914:(since 2010)
1906:(since 2013)
1898:(since 2006)
1890:(since 2021)
1882:(since 2015)
1874:(since 2022)
1866:(since 2023)
1845:(since 2018)
1837:(since 2004)
1829:(since 2008)
1821:(since 1995)
1813:(since 2010)
1805:(since 2001)
1797:(since 2013)
1789:(since 2006)
1781:(since 1990)
1773:(since 2005)
1765:(since 2013)
1757:(since 2021)
1749:(since 2023)
1741:(since 2015)
1733:(since 2019)
1725:(since 2021)
1717:(since 2013)
1708:(since 2015)
1700:(since 2018)
1679:(since 2009)
1671:(since 2008)
1663:(since 2001)
1655:(since 2022)
1634:(since 2024)
1626:(since 1994)
1618:(since 2018)
1610:(since 2006)
1602:(since 2020)
1594:(since 2018)
1514:
1505:
1496:
1488:
1481:
1477:
1456:. Retrieved
1443:
1431:. Retrieved
1411:
1407:
1397:
1385:. Retrieved
1371:
1359:. Retrieved
1338:10261/239684
1302:
1295:
1283:. Retrieved
1273:
1261:. Retrieved
1248:
1236:. Retrieved
1198:
1188:
1176:. Retrieved
1166:
1154:. Retrieved
1150:
1137:
1100:
1094:
1082:. Retrieved
1077:
1065:
1053:. Retrieved
1003:
995:
983:. Retrieved
979:the original
974:
965:
953:. Retrieved
943:
931:. Retrieved
921:
909:. Retrieved
899:
887:. Retrieved
877:
865:. Retrieved
834:
772:
757:
749:
734:
727:
723:
715:
711:
709:
699:
695:
693:
687:
662:
649:
638:astrophysics
635:
629:
582:
580:
566:
549:
528:
526:
458:
453:
443:
435:
427:
415:focal length
410:
408:
394:
368:
359:In 2035, an
358:
347:
342:
338:
336:
331:
313:
301:
275:
262:
261:
257:
256:
232:
188:Focal length
41:Mission type
30:
18:
5763:Soyuz MS-26
5725:(mid 2020s)
5663:(2031–2032)
5618:(2029–2031)
5507:Superbird-9
5494:(September)
5445:(2026–2027)
5355:Space Rider
5302:Gaganyaan-3
5297:Gaganyaan-2
5244:(September)
5218:Hakuto-R M2
5203:Gaganyaan-1
5182:(September)
5180:Bion-M No.2
5128:Gaganyaan-5
5122:Artemis III
5116:Soyuz MS-29
5100:Gaganyaan-4
5095:Shenzhou 21
5086:(September)
5080:(September)
5078:Soyuz MS-28
5061:Shenzhou 20
5055:Soyuz MS-27
5032:(late 2024)
5024:Shenzhou 19
5020:(September)
4953:WikiProject
4825:MarcoPolo-R
4775:Don Quijote
4745:Ariane 5 ME
4709:(2015–2017)
4639:Galileo FOC
4633:Galileo IOV
4605:(1989–1993)
4544:Jules Verne
4525:spaceflight
4356:(2009–2013)
4344:(2003–2007)
4342:Double Star
4338:(2002–2012)
4326:(1995–2011)
4320:(1991–2000)
4314:(1977–1997)
4227:(2009–2013)
4221:(2009–2013)
4197:(1995–1998)
4179:(1989–1993)
4173:(1983–1986)
4167:(1978–1996)
4161:(1975–1982)
4099:BepiColombo
4086:(2005–2014)
4080:(2004–2016)
4064:(2003–2006)
4058:(1997–2005)
4052:(1985–1992)
4021:(2000–2024)
4009:(1990–2009)
4003:(1977–1987)
3936:Arianespace
3408:(2014–2015)
3360:(2012–2013)
3326:Lost/Failed
3317:(1998–2010)
3309:(1998–2005)
3286:(1991–2001)
3278:(2001–2010)
3262:(1970–1973)
3254:(1983–1985)
3246:(1975–1980)
3238:(2005–2015)
3230:(2003–2020)
3222:(2011–2019)
3214:(1979–1985)
3206:(1975–1979)
3198:(1972–1973)
3190:(1992–2004)
3182:(1995–2012)
3174:(1990–1999)
3166:(2002–2018)
3158:(1983–1984)
3150:(2009–2013)
3134:(2006–2016)
3063:(1972–1981)
3055:(1968–1973)
3039:(1996–1997)
3031:(2003–2019)
3023:(2015–2017)
3015:(2015–2017)
3007:(1997–2002)
2999:(1990–2001)
2991:(2009–2018)
2983:(1996–2004)
2975:(1978–1996)
2967:(1996–1998)
2959:(1995–1996)
2935:(1989–1993)
2927:(2000–2008)
2919:(1979–1981)
2911:(1978–1982)
2903:(2013–2023)
2895:(1981–1991)
2887:(2009–2013)
2879:(1977–1979)
2871:(1997–2005)
2863:(1979–1985)
2855:(1989–1998)
2847:(1987–1991)
2839:(1990–1992)
2831:(2003–2013)
2823:(1987–2001)
2815:(1999–2007)
2807:(1992–2001)
2799:(1983–1986)
2788:Explorer 11
2759:(2017–2019)
2751:(1989–1993)
2743:(1975–1982)
2735:(2006–2013)
2727:(1991–2000)
2719:(2003–2008)
2711:(1996–2003)
2703:(1974–1976)
2695:(1983–1991)
2654:(1993–2000)
2646:(1973–1974)
2638:(2017–2019)
2630:(1979–1982)
2622:(1974–1980)
2614:(1971–1972)
2606:(1967–1969)
2582:(1962–1972)
2574:(1993–2005)
2566:(2006–2011)
2558:(2007–2024)
1855:Ultraviolet
985:10 November
642:black holes
375:around the
322:(Con-X) of
318:of ESA and
286:– e.g. the
205:Instruments
158: point
131:Arianespace
117:Launch site
99:Launch date
5797:Categories
5751:TĂĽrksat 6A
5375:SSC Demo-1
5371:(February)
5324:(February)
5250:(November)
5186:Blue Ghost
5133:Artemis IV
5084:Artemis II
5051:(February)
5026:(November)
4840:Phootprint
4820:Marco Polo
4661:Technology
4491:MetOp-SG-B
4483:MetOp-SG-A
4459:Sentinel-4
4430:ADM-Aeolus
4410:Sentinel-3
4392:Sentinel-2
4378:Sentinel-1
4306:Copernicus
4201:XMM-Newton
4019:Cluster II
3825:Copernicus
3796:Programmes
3724:Facilities
3674:Spaceports
3267:Vanguard 3
2579:Alouette 1
2419:AstroSat-2
2136:XMM-Newton
1652:James Webb
1313:1807.06092
841:References
785:(MPE) and
739:newsletter
479:), Italy (
477:Strasbourg
473:CEA Saclay
419:arcseconds
373:halo orbit
367:will lift
292:XMM-Newton
160:(baseline)
127:Contractor
5637:Spektr-UV
5631:SAOCOM-2B
5610:Tianwen-4
5582:Tianwen-3
5570:SAOCOM-2A
5531:Dragonfly
5525:Chang'e 8
5428:ispace M3
5414:Chang'e 7
5380:Tianwen-2
5307:Garatéa-L
5283:(January)
5238:(October)
5199:(October)
5139:Artemis V
4881:CryoSat-1
4855:STE-QUEST
4790:Eddington
4780:e.Deorbit
4731:Cancelled
4603:Olympus-1
4445:EarthCARE
4366:CryoSat-2
4215:(2006–13)
4191:(1992–93)
4177:Hipparcos
4151:cosmology
3470:Eddington
3425:Cancelled
2932:Hipparcos
2340:Spektr-UV
2205:Mini-EUSO
2197:ISS-CREAM
2048:Spektr-RG
1968:Gamma-ray
1863:Aditya-L1
1754:Hayabusa2
1631:Queqiao 2
1575:Operating
1356:173185994
815:Spektr-RG
733:Keep the
361:Ariane 64
111:Ariane 64
5753:(8 July)
5744:launched
5742:Recently
5667:LiteBIRD
5649:EnVision
5643:Spektr-M
5616:Venera-D
5459:ULTRASAT
5418:Rashid 2
5336:Series B
5334:MetOp-SG
5330:Series A
5328:MetOp-SG
5272:ESCAPADE
5236:Juventas
5208:GOSAT-GW
5159:Uncrewed
5074:(August)
5068:(Spring)
4942:Wikinews
4918:Category
4538:Columbus
4462:) (2024)
4272:ARRAKIHS
4225:Herschel
4207:INTEGRAL
4137:EnVision
4090:ExoMars
3946:EUMETSAT
3837:Columbus
3830:Sentinel
3710:Ariane 6
3705:Ariane 5
3521:Sentinel
3219:Spektr-R
3155:RELIKT-1
2996:Kristall
2884:Herschel
2708:BeppoSAX
2464:JEM-EUSO
2459:iWF-MAXI
2401:Proposed
2364:LiteBIRD
2356:Spektr-M
2088:MinXSS-2
2016:INTEGRAL
1879:Astrosat
1705:Astrosat
1644:Infrared
1458:14 March
1433:14 March
1387:14 March
1361:14 March
1285:14 March
1263:14 March
1238:14 March
1233:66404115
1178:14 March
1156:14 March
1084:14 March
1055:14 March
1046:Archived
1042:54028845
955:14 March
933:14 March
911:14 March
889:14 March
793:See also
789:(IRAP).
763:Archived
742:Archived
646:Universe
599:Toulouse
51:Operator
5723:TEREX-1
5661:DAVINCI
5655:VERITAS
5645:(2030+)
5625:Luna 28
5604:Harmony
5543:Luna 27
5537:JASMINE
5487:Luna 26
5449:Xuntian
5388:(April)
5386:TRACERS
5365:SPHEREx
5322:LOXSAT1
5293:(April)
5291:SWFO-L1
5267:DESTINY
5242:PROBA-3
5213:GSAT-20
5175:Biomass
5147:(~2030)
5057:(March)
4930:Commons
4907:italics
4876:Cluster
4860:THESEUS
4845:SOLARIS
4720:PROBA-3
4713:OPS-SAT
4695:PROBA-V
4689:PROBA-2
4677:PROBA-1
4627:HYLAS-1
4621:GIOVE-B
4615:GIOVE-A
4609:Artemis
4437:Biomass
4336:Envisat
4275:(2030s)
4074:Rosetta
4062:SMART-1
4056:Huygens
4007:Ulysses
3987:Science
3862:ExoMars
3852:GALILEO
3842:CryoSat
3803:Artemis
3782:ESTRACK
3687:Esrange
3570:Related
3481:FINESSE
3459:Destiny
3442:Astro-G
3405:Tsubame
3397:Astro-E
3373:ABRIXAS
3227:Spitzer
3211:Solwind
3163:R/HESSI
3123:Orion 2
3115:Orion 1
2820:Kvant-1
2716:CHIPSat
2679:Astro-2
2659:Astro-1
2635:ASTERIA
2627:Ariel 6
2619:Ariel 5
2611:Ariel 4
2603:Ariel 3
2595:Ariel 2
2587:Ariel 1
2548:Retired
2539:THESEUS
2524:Solar-D
2519:PhoENiX
2359:(2030+)
2316:JASMINE
2284:Xuntian
2252:SPHEREx
2245:Planned
1794:NEOSSat
1689:Optical
1615:Queqiao
1416:Bibcode
1318:Bibcode
1203:Bibcode
1105:Bibcode
1012:Bibcode
760:nuggets
595:Finland
587:Belgium
489:Palermo
485:Bologna
469:Denmark
298:Mission
62:Website
5718:PETREL
5681:(2035)
5675:(2035)
5673:Athena
5669:(2032)
5657:(2031)
5651:(2031)
5639:(2030)
5633:(2030)
5627:(2030)
5612:(2029)
5606:(2029)
5600:(2029)
5590:(2028)
5584:(2028)
5578:(2028)
5572:(2028)
5566:(2028)
5557:(2028)
5551:(2028)
5545:(2028)
5539:(2028)
5533:(2028)
5527:(2028)
5405:ALTIUS
5360:SPARCS
5312:HTV-X1
5232:Milani
5141:(2030)
5135:(2028)
5124:(2026)
5090:Vast-1
5001:Crewed
4886:GEOS 1
4869:Failed
4835:ODINUS
4805:Hopper
4800:Hermes
4795:EXPERT
4723:(2024)
4703:(2015)
4685:(2007)
4673:(1998)
4599:(1978)
4597:GEOS 2
4582:(2021)
4576:(2014)
4570:(2013)
4564:(2012)
4558:(2011)
4550:Cupola
4546:(2008)
4510:(2027)
4502:(2025)
4494:(2025)
4486:(2025)
4478:(2025)
4470:(2025)
4467:ALTIUS
4448:(2024)
4440:(2024)
4291:(2035)
4283:(2035)
4280:Athena
4267:(2029)
4259:(2026)
4249:Euclid
4237:CHEOPS
4219:Planck
4189:Eureca
4171:EXOSAT
4140:(2031)
4132:(2029)
4124:(2028)
4115:(2024)
4107:(2023)
4078:Philae
4050:Giotto
4035:(2031)
4001:ISEE-2
3815:Aurora
3546:TAUVEX
3453:Darwin
3432:Aelita
3416:(2016)
3400:(2000)
3392:(1999)
3384:(1996)
3381:HETE-1
3376:(1999)
3368:(1965)
3352:(1976)
3344:(1970)
3336:(1966)
3270:(1959)
3187:SAMPEX
3147:Planck
3142:(2018)
3139:PicSat
3131:PAMELA
3126:(1973)
3118:(1971)
3020:MinXSS
2988:Kepler
2951:(1983)
2943:(2024)
2924:HETE-2
2916:HEAO-3
2876:HEAO-1
2852:Granat
2796:EXOSAT
2791:(1961)
2783:(2010)
2775:(2008)
2767:(1993)
2756:CXBN-2
2692:Astron
2687:(1995)
2662:(1990)
2598:(1964)
2571:ALEXIS
2514:PETREL
2474:LUVOIR
2424:EXCEDE
2391:(2035)
2383:(2035)
2380:Athena
2375:(2033)
2367:(2032)
2351:(2030)
2343:(2030)
2335:(2029)
2327:(2028)
2319:(2028)
2311:(2027)
2303:(2027)
2295:(2027)
2287:(2026)
2279:(2026)
2271:(2026)
2263:(2026)
2260:K-EUSO
2255:(2025)
2229:STEREO
2165:AMS-02
2128:XPoSat
2104:NuSTAR
1943:STEREO
1887:Hibari
1778:Hubble
1770:HiRISE
1746:Euclid
1738:DSCOVR
1730:CHEOPS
1607:STEREO
1515:Athena
1506:Athena
1497:Athena
1489:Athena
1478:Athena
1383:. IRAP
1354:
1344:
1231:
1221:
1125:
1040:
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