35:
444:
This tax could be a source of considerable revenue, even in areas where wheat and barley farming were dominant. The adet-i ağnam could be subject to tax farming; magnates would pay a hefty downpayment to the treasury in return for the right to collect sheep-taxes from villages. The
Ottoman government
476:-holders, it is mentioned less often in tahrirs. Nonetheless, some tax records do show the annual revenue from adet-i ağnam in each district, and therefore show the number of sheep. For instance, in 1490, there were a total of 24509 sheep on
577:
456:
Careful measures were taken to ensure appropriate taxation on butchers, too, who might buy sheep for slaughter in April (just before the tax was due) which would have reduced the sheep-farmers liability.
396:
260:
586:
480: – an average of 8.4 sheep per inhabitant. Sometimes, the annual adet-i ağnam charge would be rolled up with other taxes into a single composite annual tax including
441:
per head of livestock, whilst other records show a charge of one akçe for every two or three sheep. In one case, the first hundred animals in a flock were tax-exempt.
855:
793:
360:
84:
389:
275:
664:
Inventory of
Ottoman Turkish documents about Waqf preserved in the Oriental Department at the St. St. Cyril and Methodius National Library: Registers
270:
265:
124:
382:
174:
159:
295:
204:
179:
119:
69:
554:
Studies on
Ottoman social history in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries: women, zimmis and sharia courts in Kayseri, Cyprus and Trabzon
453:
and Maras areas found 8013 nomadic households with a combined flock of two million sheep – and a tax liability of one million akçes.
325:
350:
285:
114:
1050:
906:
840:
649:
445:
used various means to encourage sheep-rearing, because it was a source of substantial revenue; it could also make a profit for
1028:
1004:
979:
954:
929:
865:
709:
561:
536:
340:
803:
22:
610:
679:
Toward a history of post-Byzantine Greece: the
Ottoman kanunnames for the Greek lands, circa 1500-circa 1600
34:
472:
The tax was paid to the
Ottoman treasury. Because the tax went direct to the treasury, instead of local
449:, and other concessions might be granted to sheep-farmers. In 1540, a survey carried out around the
769:"THE RISE AND FALL OF AN AYÂN FAMILY IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY ANATOLIA: THE CANİKLİZÂDES (1737-1808)"
315:
255:
701:
464:
irregular troops were expected to pay, despite being exempted from other taxes when recruited.
900:
834:
643:
947:
Fifteenth century
Ottoman realities: Christian peasant life on the Aegean Island of Limnos
8:
750:
742:
694:
184:
189:
54:
1024:
1000:
975:
950:
925:
922:
Economic Life in
Ottoman Europe: Taxation, Trade and the Struggle for Land, 1600-1800
861:
799:
754:
705:
557:
532:
169:
94:
734:
214:
154:
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Shattering tradition: custom, law and the individual in the Muslim
Mediterranean
49:
1055:
768:
422:
149:
129:
26:
738:
164:
1044:
997:
Studies on
Ottoman social and political history: selected articles and essays
857:
Les celep et leur role dans la vie economique des
Balkans a l'epoque ottomane
795:
Les celep et leur role dans la vie economique des Balkans a l'epoque ottomane
345:
199:
194:
74:
335:
144:
330:
579:
ACCOUNTING METHOD USED BY OTTOMANS FOR 500 YEARS: STAIRS (MERDIBAN) METHOD
139:
89:
305:
245:
461:
450:
209:
134:
746:
502:
Unlike various other Ottoman taxes, adet-i ağnam continued after the
300:
224:
355:
64:
725:
Jennings, Ronald (February 1978). "Sakaltutan Four Centuries Ago".
503:
365:
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104:
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229:
79:
59:
972:
Frontiers of Ottoman studies: state, province, and the West
446:
418:
370:
413:(literally meaning "sheep number") was an annual tax on
666:. Narodna biblioteka "Sv. sv. Kiril i Metodiĭ. 2003.
693:
437:The tax varied; some records show a charge of one
696:Southeastern Europe under Ottoman rule, 1354-1804
1042:
969:
1021:Ondokuzuncu yuzyılda Mersin ve Akdeniz Dünyası
526:
390:
727:International Journal of Middle East Studies
16:Tax on sheep and goats in the Ottoman Empire
924:. Cambridge University Press. p. 105.
854:Cvetkova, Bistra (1970). M. A. Cook (ed.).
792:Cvetkova, Bistra (1970). M. A. Cook (ed.).
700:. University of Washington Press. pp.
495:, which was only levied in the province of
397:
383:
1023:. Mersin Üniversitesi. 2002. p. 62.
676:
853:
791:
724:
551:
919:
460:Adet-i ağnam was one of the taxes that
1043:
994:
491:There was a further tax on sheep, the
944:
860:(in French). Routledge. p. 185.
798:(in French). Routledge. p. 173.
691:
611:"Certain Concepts Concerning Finance"
905:: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (
839:: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (
648:: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (
13:
425:. Initially, the tax was known as
341:Ottoman Public Debt Administration
14:
1067:
488:- plus the tax-collector's fee.
429:; the name changed around 1550.
33:
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963:
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1051:Taxation in the Ottoman Empire
718:
685:
681:. J.C. Alexander. p. 273.
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570:
545:
520:
1:
585:. p. 302. Archived from
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467:
7:
10:
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974:. I.B.Tauris. p. 81.
827:Journal of Turkish Studies
739:10.1017/S0020743800051710
552:Jennings, Ronald (1999).
506:reforms – alongside
970:Imber, Kiyotaki (2005).
510:, and a new income tax.
261:Evkaf-i Hümayun Nezareti
920:McGowan, Bruce (2010).
432:
995:Karpat, Kemal (2002).
527:Dostal, Kraus (2005).
945:Lowry, Heath (2002).
889:Osmanlı Araştırmaları
692:Sugar, Peter (1977).
677:Alexander (1985).
1030:978-975-6900-10-9
1006:978-90-04-12101-0
981:978-1-85043-631-7
956:978-975-7622-89-5
931:978-0-521-13536-8
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185:Resm-i hınzır
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901:cite journal
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871:. Retrieved
856:
849:
835:cite journal
826:
821:
809:. Retrieved
794:
787:
776:. Retrieved
774:. 2003-04-28
763:
733:(1): 89–98.
730:
726:
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695:
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644:cite journal
635:
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615:. Retrieved
605:
594:. Retrieved
587:the original
578:
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501:
492:
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471:
459:
455:
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436:
427:resm-i ağnam
426:
411:adet-i ağnam
410:
408:
296:Kanun-i Raya
205:Selamet isni
180:Resm-i ganem
170:Resm-i dönüm
95:Gümrük resmi
50:Adet-i Ağnam
165:Resm-i çift
140:Otlak resmi
90:Damga resmi
70:Bac-i pazar
1045:Categories
778:2011-04-03
617:2011-04-03
596:2011-04-19
514:References
468:Background
451:Diyarbakir
336:Mütesellim
210:Tapu resmi
145:Rav akçesi
999:. Brill.
755:162941935
331:Muqata'ah
301:Kanunname
225:Tuz resmi
949:. Eren.
504:Tanzimat
366:Tanzimat
326:Muhassil
321:Muafiyet
311:Merdiban
306:Malikâne
246:Ahidnâme
110:Ispendje
23:Taxation
873:3 April
829:. 1984.
811:3 April
638:. 1986.
497:Rumelia
493:ondalık
486:ispence
421:in the
351:Siyakat
281:Iltizam
220:Temettu
105:Ihtisab
25:in the
1027:
1003:
978:
953:
928:
864:
802:
753:
747:162627
745:
708:
613:. 2008
560:
535:
478:Limnos
447:vakufs
361:Tahrir
356:Sürsat
316:Millet
286:Istira
251:Defter
115:Istira
65:Avarız
1056:Sheep
772:(PDF)
751:S2CID
743:JSTOR
590:(PDF)
583:(PDF)
508:cizye
482:cizye
474:timar
462:Yürük
419:goats
415:sheep
230:Zakat
135:Nüzül
120:Maktu
100:Haraç
80:Cizye
60:Ashar
42:Taxes
1025:ISBN
1001:ISBN
976:ISBN
951:ISBN
926:ISBN
907:link
875:2011
862:ISBN
841:link
813:2011
800:ISBN
706:ISBN
650:link
558:ISBN
533:ISBN
484:and
439:akçe
433:Rate
417:and
409:The
371:Waqf
291:Kadı
276:Hane
256:Emin
735:doi
702:101
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