460:
turnover. Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) is considered a pre-cancerous lesion, and is thought to further progress to adenocarcinoma in situ and invasive adenocarcinoma of the lung. The lesions of AAH are <5 mm, can be single or multiple, and have a ground glass appearance on CT imaging. As more genetic mutations and dysregulation of normal cell signaling pathways accumulate, AAH can progress to adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS). AIS lesions are classified as small tumors <3 cm with abnormal type II pneumocyte cell growth that is limited to the alveolar spaces i.e. without invasion into the stroma, pleura, or vasculature. This type of growth is termed "lepidic" and is characteristic of adenocarcinoma of the lung in its earliest stages.
536:
544:
285:
528:
304:
485:
774:
42:
222:
increased bone resorption via upregulation of osteoclasts, one of the cells responsible for bone remodeling. When bone is broken down, calcium is released into the bloodstream, resulting in hypercalcemia. The signs and symptoms of elevated calcium in the blood include: thirst, fatigue, constipation, polyuria (increased urination), and nausea. It is important to rule out boney metastases in patients with NSCLC because they also present with hypercalcemia.
919:. Anti-PD-1 agents are used for patients with advanced NSCLC whose tumors progress after first-line cytotoxic chemotherapy. Pembrolizumab was established as a new standard of care for patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC with high PD-L1 expression levels, and responses are even more pronounced for tumor with a high mutational burden (i.e. having an elevated number of mutations).
619:, may also be helpful to diagnose and detect metastatic disease elsewhere in the body. PET/CT uses a metabolically active tracer that allows clinicians to identify areas of the body that are hypermetabolic. Increased uptake of the tracer occurs in malignant cells and areas of inflammation or infection. Integrating the imaging reflective of metabolic activity with normal
267:
adenocarcinoma has an increased incidence in smokers, and is the most common type of lung cancer seen in non-smokers and women. Deeper inhalation of cigarette smoke results in peripheral lesions that are often the case in adenocarcinomas of the lung. Generally, adenocarcinoma grows more slowly and forms smaller masses than the other subtypes. However, it tends to
770:, if it is found to be resectable with imaging studies and biopsies and if the patient is considered able to tolerate surgery. Video-assisted thorascopic surgery (VATS) is often adopted, which consists in the insertion of a thorascope inside a small incision made in the chest; a lobe can be removed via the scope through this small incision.
819:. However, radiotherapy may be used as an adjuvant therapy for patients who have undergone a resection surgery to reduce the risk of lung cancer relapse. It may also benefit inoperable tumors that are localized to the chest and be part of palliative care to improve quality of life in patients not responding to surgery or chemotherapy.
798:
with another cytotoxic agent. Regimens strongly depend on each patient performance status and response, and when the risk of adverse events could worsen quality of life significantly, basic supportive care is more recommended. Chemotherapy is also used as an adjuvant therapy following surgery to kill
459:
There are several factors that contribute to the transformation of normal alveolar epithelium into dysplastic, or pre-cancerous, lesions. Adenocarcinoma of the lung develops in a step-wise progression as type II pneumocytes undergo consecutive molecular changes that disrupt normal cell regulation and
205:
Clinicians should have a high level of suspicion for lung cancer, especially in patients with a smoking history. Patients with recurring or unresolving lung infections (e.g. bronchitis and pneumonia) that are unresponsive to antibiotics should also be further evaluated for lung cancer. In nonsmokers,
163:
disease when diagnosed. The symptoms that the patient exhibits usually reflect the extent of the cancer's spread. Lung cancers that are discovered early may cause symptoms localized to the respiratory system. However, lung cancer that is advanced will cause patients to experience additional signs and
939:
as the most common type of lung cancer. This can be largely attributed to the decreasing smoking rates, which favors the adenocarcinoma histology. Indeed, although smoking is still its strongest risk factor, lung adenocarcinoma is by far the most common among lifelong non-smokers (<100 cigarettes
705:
To reveal the adenocarcinomatous lineage of the solid variant, demonstration of intracellular mucin production may be performed. Foci of squamous metaplasia and dysplasia may be present in the epithelium proximal to adenocarcinomas, but these are not the precursor lesions for this tumor. Rather, the
671:
positive as it is derived from the mucus-producing glands of the lungs. Similar to other adenocarcinoma, if this tumor is well differentiated (low grade) it will resemble the normal glandular structure. Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma will not resemble the normal glands (high grade) and will be
701:
In as many as 80% of these tumors, components of more than one subtype will be recognized. Surgically resected tumors should be classified by comprehensive histological subtyping, describing patterns of involvement in increments of 5%. The predominant histologic subtype is then used to classify the
922:
Therapeutic approaches combining multiple immune checkpoint inhibitors or one immune checkpoint inhibitors and a cytotoxic agent are undergoing clinical trials as of 2018. Howerver, the KEYNOTE-598 phase III trial has reported in 2021 that adding ipilimumab to pembrolizumab for NSCLC patients with
228:
is fairly rare in adenocarcinoma. Less than 1% of patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung will exhibit this finding, but when it does occur, it is a poor prognostic factor. The exact mechanism of HPO is unknown but it is thought to be hormonal or neurogenic in etiology. The triad of HPO includes
456:. Alveoli are composed of two cell types, type I and type II pneumocytes. Type I pneumocytes cover 95% of alveolar surfaces, and are not able to regenerate. Type II pneumocytes are more common, making up 60% of the cells within alveolar epithelium, but constitute only 3% of the alveolar surface.
647:
of any suspected lung tumor is performed to make a microscopic evaluation of the cells involved and is ultimately required to confirm diagnosis. Biopsy should be attempted in distant lesions first to establish a histologic diagnosis and to simultaneously confirm metastatic staging. The biopsy
504:
Historically, there has been much debate in the most accurate method of describing adenocarcinoma of the lung and several revisions of classification systems have been published. Most recently, the
International Multidisciplinary Classification of Lung Adenocarcinoma was published in 2011 and
266:
lung cancer, which both tend to be more centrally located, although it may also occur as central lesions. For unknown reasons, it often arises in relation to peripheral lung scars. The current theory is that the scar probably occurred secondary to the tumor, rather than causing the tumor. The
603:
that is specifically aimed at evaluating lung cancer includes the chest and the upper abdomen. This allows for evaluation of other relevant anatomic structures such as nearby lymph nodes, adrenal glands, liver, and bones which may show evidence of metastatic spread of disease. Indeed, the US
221:
is more common in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, but can occur in adenocarcinoma as well. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) is produced by tumor cells and functions similarly to parathyroid hormone (PTH). The production of this hormonally active peptide by cancer cells causes
111:
progression from cells found in healthy lungs to distinctly dysmorphic, or irregular cells. There are several distinct molecular and genetic pathways that contribute to this progression. Like many lung cancers, adenocarcinoma of the lung is often advanced by the time of diagnosis. Once a
2178:"Does lung adenocarcinoma subtype predict patient survival?: A clinicopathologic study based on the new International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society international multidisciplinary lung adenocarcinoma classification"
648:
material is also used to analyze whether the tumor express any specific mutations suitable for targeted therapy (e.g. EGFR mutation or ALK mutation). Biopsy can be accomplished via bronchoscopy, transthoracic needle biopsy, and video-assisted thorascopic surgery (VATS).
508:
The tumor size, pattern of cell growth, and depth of cell invasion into normal lung tissue are considered in determining classification. The following names represent a step-wise pathologic progression in the natural course of adenocarcinoma development;
400:
pathway, of which EGFR is the most prominent example. This pathway is involved in cell proliferation and survival and it is often deregulated in cancer. As a consequence, targeted therapies have been developed to inhibit mutant pathway components.
683:
As discussed previously, the category of adenocarcinoma includes are range of subtypes, and any one tumor tends to be heterogeneous in composition. Several major subtypes are currently recognized by the World Health
Organization (WHO) and the
2445:
Boyer M, Şendur M, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Park K, Lee DH, Çiçin I, Yumuk PF, Orlandi FJ, Leal TA, Molinier O, Soparattanapaisarn N, Langleben A, Califano R, Medgyasszay B, Hsia TC, Otterson GA, Xu L, Piperdi B, Samkari A, Reck M (Jul 2021).
604:
Preventative
Services Task Force recommends annual screening with low-dose CT in adults aged 55 to 80 years who have a 30 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years, with certain caveats (see
505:
represents the consensus of several organizations to more accurately describe this specific type of lung cancer. The current classification system aims to more reliably predict prognosis and determination of therapeutic management.
685:
370:. EGFR and KRAS mutations tend to appear in a mutually exclusive fashion. KRAS mutations are associated with smoking habits, whereas EGFR mutations occur more frequently in females, people of Asian ethnicity and never-smokers.
923:
PD-L1 tumor proportion score ≥50% does not confer any efficacy benefit, but may introduce greater toxicity. The potential role of anti-PD-1 agents as neoadjuvant therapy in resectable NSCLCs is also being investigated.
698:
lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma, acinar predominant adenocarcinoma, papillary predominant adenocarcinoma, micropapillary predominant adenocarcinoma, solid predominant adenocarcinoma, and solid predominant with mucin
630:
MRI is reserved for patients with advanced disease where intracranial, or brain, involvement is likely. It is also helpful for evaluating the extent of chest wall, diaphragmatic, brachial plexus (such as in the case of
492:
The majority of lung cancers can be characterized as either small cell lung cancer (SCLC) or non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung adenocarcinoma is one of the three major subtypes of NSCLC, which also include
737:
Signet ring and clear cell adenocarcinoma are no longer histological subtypes, but rather cytological features that can occur in tumour cells of multiple histological subtypes, most often solid adenocarcinoma.
663:
is present. When malignant cells are identified in the pleural aspirate of patients highly suspect for lung cancer, a definitive diagnosis and staging (stage IV adenocarcinoma of the lung) is established.
934:
Incidence of pulmonary adenocarcinoma has been increasing in many developed
Western nations in the past few decades, with a share reaching 43.3% of all lung cancers in the US as of 2012, thus replacing
92:
is further classified into several subtypes and variants. The signs and symptoms of this specific type of lung cancer are similar to other forms of lung cancer, and patients most commonly complain of
206:
women and East Asians are more likely to present with symptoms of an underlying lung cancer at younger ages. Importantly, many of these signs are commonly due to other causes that are not cancer.
338:
Since smoking is a strong mutagenic factor, lung adenocarcinoma is one of the tumor types with the highest number of mutations. Common somatic mutations in lung adenocarcinoma affect many
1018:"International association for the study of lung cancer/american thoracic society/european respiratory society international multidisciplinary classification of lung adenocarcinoma"
834:(TKIs) have been developed to target mutant components of the receptor tyrosine kinase pathway such as EGFR, ALK and ROS1, which show frequent alterations in lung adenocarcinomas.
195:
superior vena cava obstruction- facial, neck, upper torso swelling. This is caused by compression of vasculature by the lung tumor that restricts blood return from the upper body.
2448:"Pembrolizumab Plus Ipilimumab or Placebo for Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer With PD-L1 Tumor Proportion Score ≥ 50%: Randomized, Double-Blind Phase III KEYNOTE-598 Study"
1595:
599:
provides better evaluation of the lungs, with higher sensitivity and specificity for lung cancer compared to chest radiograph (although still significant false positive rate).
568:
Cell patterns identifying subtypes are associated with prognosis, ranging from favorable (lepidic) to intermediate (acinar and papillary) to poor (micropapillary and solid).
884:
showed to be effective against tumors harboring ALK fusions. Most patients previously treated with crizotinib benefited from second-generation ALK inhibitors including
103:
Adenocarcinoma is more common in patients with a history of cigarette smoking, and is the most common form of lung cancer in younger women and Asian populations. The
873:
compared to gefitinib. As the most common cause of acquired resistance to first-generation TKIs is a second EGFR mutation on codon 790, a third-generation EGFR TKI,
730:. However, the atypia is not to the extent as seen in frank adenocarcinomas. Lesions of AAH are monoclonal, and they share many of the molecular aberrations (like
159:
The majority of patients who are diagnosed with lung cancer usually present with locally advanced or metastatic disease. Only about one third of patients have
472:, particularly in a person with smoking history. Symptoms such as coughing up blood and unintentional weight loss may prompt further investigation, such as
2127:
Vazquez M, Carter D, Brambilla E, Gazdar A, Noguchi M, Travis WD, et al. (International Early Lung Cancer Action
Program Investigators) (May 2009).
961:
845:, have been shown to be more effective in treating EGFR-mutated patients with respect to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Second-generation inhibitors such as
3412:
1661:"Pathologic N0 Status in Clinical T1N0M0 Lung Adenocarcinoma is Predictable by the Solid Component Proportion with Quantitative CT Number Analysis"
1643:
251:: smokers with a previous smoking duration of 30–40 years are more than twice as likely to develop lung adenocarcinoma compared to never-smokers (
3270:
1998:
1817:
164:
symptoms secondary to the cancer spreading to other organ systems. In order of highest frequency, the most common signs of lung cancer include:
2634:
2544:
2129:"Solitary and multiple resected adenocarcinomas after CT screening for lung cancer: histopathologic features and their prognostic implications"
3427:
514:
1216:
672:
detected by seeing that they stain positive for mucin (which the glands produce). Adenocarcinoma can also be distinguished by staining for
1331:
1247:
710:(AAH). Microscopically, AAH is a well-demarcated focus of epithelial proliferation, containing cuboidal to low-columnar cells resembling
936:
2283:
517:(MIA), and Invasive adenocarcinoma. Invasive adenocarcinoma of the lung includes a heterogenous mixture of subtypes and variants.
3401:
1791:
877:, has been developed to target this new mutation as well. MET amplification is another known mechanism of acquired resistance.
790:
For advanced (stage IV) and unresectable lung tumors, the first-line therapy is platinum-based doublet chemotherapy, combining
1765:
3447:
1395:
1197:
974:
1713:
1188:
Horn L, Pao W, Johnson DH (2012). "Chapter 89". In Longo DL, Kasper DL, Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Loscalzo J (eds.).
1739:
1843:
1596:"An annotation-free whole-slide training approach to pathological classification of lung cancer types using deep learning"
3392:
3263:
3109:
494:
3465:
3422:
2678:
2627:
2026:
510:
1921:
1161:
1818:"Solid-predominant adenocarcinoma of the lung with mucin production | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org"
524:
of invasive adenocarcinomas based on the cell pattern that is most predominant. These subtypes are described below:
3442:
3159:
854:
574:
of invasive adenocarcinomas not assignable to these five subtypes are also included in the current classification:
374:
351:
131:
Treatment of this lung cancer is based upon the specific subtype and the extent of spread from the primary tumor.
3163:
2996:
1082:
Herbst RS, Morgensztern D, Boshoff C (January 2018). "The biology and management of non-small cell lung cancer".
3256:
2784:
1869:
452:, small microscopic air sacs that are responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during normal
3384:
3101:
2620:
980:
808:
81:
1895:
762:
Early stage (I, II and IIIA) lung adenocarcinomas are typically treated surgically to remove the tumor with
535:
80:
cancer, it is characterized by distinct cellular and molecular features. It is classified as one of several
2890:
1546:
693:
624:
543:
3321:
3148:
3065:
2698:
327:
284:
214:
The most common paraneoplastic syndromes associated with adenocarcinoma of the lung are described below:
2394:
Hellmann MD, Ciuleanu TE, Pluzanski A, Lee JS, Otterson GA, Audigier-Valette C, et al. (May 2018).
3205:
3187:
3097:
3048:
2088:"Paradigm shifts in lung cancer as defined in the new IASLC/ATS/ERS lung adenocarcinoma classification"
1792:"Micropapillary-predominant adenocarcinoma of the lung | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org"
527:
418:
1475:"Scalable Open Science Approach for Mutation Calling of Tumor Exomes Using Multiple Genomic Pipelines"
1016:
Travis WD, Brambilla E, Noguchi M, Nicholson AG, Geisinger KR, Yatabe Y, et al. (February 2011).
931:
As for other lung cancer subtypes, lung adenocarcinoma incidence is strongly associated with smoking.
3520:
3407:
3182:
3105:
2942:
2768:
2731:
2086:
Travis WD, Brambilla E, Van Schil P, Scagliotti GV, Huber RM, Sculier JP, et al. (August 2011).
870:
816:
689:
498:
198:
dysphagia (trouble swallowing or the sensation that something is caught in the throat) and hoarseness
1659:
Li, Meng; Wu, Ning; Zhang, Li; Sun, Wei; Wang, Jianwei; Lv, Lv; Ren, Jiansong; Lin, Dongmei (2017).
1386:
Mitchell RS, Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N (2007). "Chapter 13, box on morphology of adenocarcinoma".
429:, and more than eighty other translocations have also been reported in adenocarcinomas of the lung.
303:
3437:
3338:
3316:
3210:
3143:
3078:
2952:
2932:
2899:
2877:
2839:
831:
397:
292:
2045:
Van Schil PE, Asamura H, Rusch VW, Mitsudomi T, Tsuboi M, Brambilla E, Travis WD (February 2012).
1766:"Papillary-predominant adenocarcinoma of the lung | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org"
3432:
3348:
3291:
2688:
2289:
723:
323:
244:
160:
1714:"Lepidic-predominant adenocarcinoma of the lung | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org"
3569:
3071:
2895:
2835:
1740:"Acinar-predominant adenocarcinoma of the lung | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org"
1473:
Ellrott K, Bailey MH, Saksena G, Covington KR, Kandoth C, Stewart C, et al. (March 2018).
259:
2495:
Forde PM, Chaft JE, Smith KN, Anagnostou V, Cottrell TR, Hellmann MD, et al. (May 2018).
1844:"Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org"
1152:
Fishman JA, Kotloff R, Grippi MA, Pack AI, Senior RM, Elias JA (2015-04-14). Grippi MA (ed.).
896:. Resistance to ALK inhibitors can occur with novel acquired ALK mutations or amplifications.
3417:
3304:
3233:
2957:
1637:
605:
702:
tumor overall. The predominant subtype is prognostic for survival after complete resection.
3608:
3457:
3061:
2920:
2857:
2693:
2673:
2347:"Diagnosis and Treatment of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer"
1649:- "This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License"
1429:
1415:
1091:
148:
85:
1922:"Primary pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org"
8:
3535:
3248:
3197:
2849:
2683:
97:
1433:
1095:
899:
Also ROS1-positive tumors have shown high sensitivity to ALK inhibitors due to the high
853:
provided a broader scope of application as they are able to target not only the protein
484:
247:, the risk of pulmonary adenocarcinoma increases substantially after a long duration of
3587:
3357:
3030:
2862:
2825:
2721:
2703:
2594:
2569:
2521:
2496:
2477:
2422:
2395:
2371:
2346:
2320:
2295:
2260:
2233:
2207:
2153:
2128:
1974:
1947:
1695:
1660:
1620:
1499:
1474:
1450:
1417:
1343:
1295:
1270:
1115:
1042:
1017:
751:
715:
449:
426:
132:
255:
of approximately 2.4); a duration of more than 40 years increases relative risk to 5.
3494:
3283:
3174:
2599:
2526:
2481:
2469:
2427:
2376:
2325:
2265:
2199:
2158:
2109:
2068:
2022:
1979:
1682:
1625:
1576:
1504:
1455:
1391:
1347:
1335:
1300:
1193:
1167:
1157:
1107:
1047:
970:
900:
812:
616:
441:
140:
58:
2545:"Browse the Tables and Figures — SEER Cancer Statistics Review (CSR) 1975-2012"
2211:
2176:
Russell PA, Wainer Z, Wright GM, Daniels M, Conron M, Williams RA (September 2011).
1870:"Colloid adenocarcinoma of the lung | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org"
3333:
3135:
3053:
2867:
2779:
2589:
2581:
2516:
2508:
2459:
2417:
2407:
2366:
2358:
2315:
2307:
2296:"Comparison of aspects of smoking among the four histological types of lung cancer"
2255:
2245:
2189:
2148:
2140:
2099:
2058:
1969:
1959:
1690:
1672:
1615:
1607:
1494:
1486:
1445:
1437:
1327:
1290:
1282:
1271:"Comparison of aspects of smoking among the four histological types of lung cancer"
1119:
1099:
1037:
1029:
827:
660:
343:
144:
93:
2612:
2585:
2144:
1896:"Fetal adenocarcinoma of the lung | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org"
1593:
3153:
2816:
2282:
Smokers defined as current or former smoker of more than 1 year of duration. See
2194:
2177:
1033:
746:
The treatment of adenocarcinoma of the lung depends on several factors including
473:
414:
367:
248:
104:
2904:
1522:
409:
Three membrane associated tyrosine kinase receptors are recurrently involved in
3515:
3365:
2830:
2759:
1677:
1611:
1490:
1332:
10.1002/1097-0142(19950101)75:1+<191::AID-CNCR2820751307>3.0.CO;2-Y
911:
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for NSCLC, including anti-PD-1
747:
719:
632:
151:
are used in attempt to eradicate the cancerous cells based upon these factors.
89:
2396:"Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Lung Cancer with a High Tumor Mutational Burden"
2362:
2104:
2087:
2063:
2047:"Surgical implications of the new IASLC/ATS/ERS adenocarcinoma classification"
2046:
830:
is available for lung adenocarcinomas with certain molecular characteristics.
3602:
3525:
2250:
1686:
1580:
1171:
916:
763:
652:
263:
252:
41:
773:
177:
chest pain, which may be aggravated by deep breathing, coughing, or laughing
3561:
3299:
3088:
3040:
2984:
2885:
2603:
2530:
2473:
2431:
2380:
2329:
2311:
2269:
2203:
2162:
2113:
2072:
1983:
1629:
1508:
1459:
1304:
1286:
1111:
1051:
445:
389:
have been reported, as well as deletions of tumor suppressor genes such as
229:
distal clubbing, arthritis, and bilateral symmetrical periosteal formation.
136:
2512:
2412:
1964:
1339:
49:
A gross pathological specimen of a pulmonary adenocarcinoma, removed in a
3579:
3375:
3311:
3026:
2801:
2713:
2464:
2447:
969:. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. Lyon: IARC Press.
874:
858:
850:
795:
778:
777:
Incidence of adenocarcinoma of the lung (in yellow) as compared to other
677:
410:
315:
296:
73:
1594:
Chen CL, Chen CC, Yu WH, Chen SH, Chang YC, Hsu TI; et al. (2021).
1441:
1103:
781:
types, with fractions of non-smokers versus smokers shown for each type.
444:
can be divided into two main components: the conducting airways and the
3530:
2937:
2806:
2796:
2652:
2570:"Squamous cell lung cancer: from tumor genomics to cancer therapeutics"
963:
Pathology and
Genetics of Tumours of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart
893:
881:
799:
remaining cancer cells in patients with stage IIA, IIB and IIIA NSCLC.
711:
656:
307:
288:
108:
754:, histology and genomic alterations acquired by the individual tumor.
3566:
3476:
2989:
2925:
2665:
2661:
2294:
Kenfield SA, Wei EK, Stampfer MJ, Rosner BA, Colditz GA (June 2008).
1269:
Kenfield SA, Wei EK, Stampfer MJ, Rosner BA, Colditz GA (June 2008).
960:
Travis WD, Brambilla E, Müller-Hermelink HK, Harris CC, eds. (2004).
959:
912:
889:
885:
842:
838:
791:
767:
453:
268:
258:
This cancer usually is seen peripherally in the lungs, as opposed to
50:
3499:
3489:
2234:"Non-small cell lung cancer: current treatment and future advances"
1996:
862:
846:
727:
718:. These demonstrate various degrees of cytologic atypia, including
339:
2085:
3484:
2947:
2754:
2726:
2568:
Gandara DR, Hammerman PS, Sos ML, Lara PN, Hirsch FR (May 2015).
620:
600:
596:
121:
3553:
3328:
3279:
3224:
3017:
2811:
2644:
1416:
Cancer Genome Atlas
Research Network; et al. (July 2014).
1318:
Travis WD, Travis LB, Devesa SS (January 1995). "Lung cancer".
1015:
644:
612:
390:
330:
likely driving lung adenocarcinoma initiation and development.
113:
2444:
2044:
1551:
Atlas of
Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
869:(also known as ERBB2 and ERBB4), and they have shown improved
651:
While sputum cytology has been shown to have limited utility,
2745:
1472:
866:
673:
668:
432:
In ALK rearrangements, the most common partner gene is EML4.
382:
363:
359:
333:
125:
117:
2393:
2126:
468:
A diagnosis of lung cancer may be suspected on the basis of
731:
422:
378:
355:
311:
77:
3278:
2175:
1418:"Comprehensive molecular profiling of lung adenocarcinoma"
623:
allows for higher sensitivity and specificity compared to
107:
of adenocarcinoma is complicated, but generally follows a
2494:
2293:
2021:. World Health Organization. 2014. pp. Chapter 5.1.
1948:"Lung cancer screening-don't forget the chest radiograph"
1268:
1081:
386:
347:
1999:"Final Recommendation Statement: Lung Cancer: Screening"
1702:- Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
1385:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1151:
706:
precursor of peripheral adenocarcinomas has been termed
2753:
2567:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
120:
is identified with various imaging modalities, such as
686:
2497:"Neoadjuvant PD-1 Blockade in Resectable Lung Cancer"
1997:
U.S. Preventive
Services Task Force (December 2016).
734:
mutations) that are associated with adenocarcinomas.
531:
Histopathology of lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma.
396:
Frequent alterations occur in genes belonging to the
180:
hemoptysis (coughing up blood or rust-colored phlegm)
174:
dyspnea (shortness of breath or difficulty breathing)
1354:
2642:
88:which has a different behavior and prognosis. Lung
1317:
16:Lung cancer of glandular origin or characteristics
128:, a biopsy is required to confirm the diagnosis.
3600:
373:Copy number amplifications in oncogenes such as
209:
2040:
2038:
1217:"Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Signs and Symptoms"
201:new onset of wheezing without history of asthma
1187:
448:airways. The gas exchange airways are made of
3264:
2628:
404:
226:Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (HPO)
2351:Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America
2035:
1658:
1642:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
903:between the kinase domains of ROS1 and ALK.
326:have systematically characterized recurrent
2344:
1861:
1731:
3271:
3257:
2635:
2621:
2231:
2011:
1757:
1705:
1570:
1190:Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
1183:
1181:
1154:Fishman's pulmonary diseases and disorders
667:Adenocarcinoma of the lung tends to stain
334:Gene mutations and copy number alterations
40:
2593:
2520:
2463:
2421:
2411:
2370:
2319:
2259:
2249:
2193:
2152:
2103:
2062:
1973:
1963:
1694:
1676:
1619:
1498:
1449:
1294:
1041:
955:
953:
659:-guided needle, should be performed when
655:, or aspiration of pleural fluid with an
168:cough that does not go away or gets worse
1547:"Lung: Translocations in Adenocarcinoma"
1390:(8th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders.
1250:. American Cancer Society. June 23, 2017
772:
587:primary pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma
542:
534:
526:
488:CT scan- adenocarcinoma of the left lung
483:
312:ROS1 positive adenocarcinoma of the lung
302:
283:
2286:for percentages in numbers. Reference:
1945:
1311:
1223:. American Cancer Society. May 16, 2016
1178:
564:solid predominant with mucin production
469:
293:ALK positive adenocarcinoma of the lung
3601:
1919:
1893:
1867:
1841:
1809:
1763:
1737:
1711:
1248:"Tests for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer"
950:
837:First-generation EGFR TKIs, including
3448:Basaloid squamous cell lung carcinoma
3252:
2616:
2345:Arbour KC, Riely GJ (February 2017).
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
1783:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1411:
1409:
1407:
857:itself but also other members of the
154:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1211:
1209:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
3110:Papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma
2501:The New England Journal of Medicine
2400:The New England Journal of Medicine
1913:
1887:
822:
13:
2679:Combined small-cell lung carcinoma
2238:Translational Lung Cancer Research
2218:
1835:
1557:
1404:
611:Nuclear medicine imaging, such as
435:
14:
3620:
1815:
1789:
1235:
1206:
1126:
1058:
998:
811:, and it is not as responsive to
638:
515:Minimally invasive adenocarcinoma
479:
2092:The European Respiratory Journal
2051:The European Respiratory Journal
1573:Schwartz's Principles of Surgery
906:
708:atypical adenomatous hyperplasia
578:invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma
84:(NSCLC), to distinguish it from
2997:Syringocystadenoma papilliferum
2561:
2537:
2488:
2438:
2387:
2338:
2276:
2232:Zappa C, Mousa SA (June 2016).
2169:
2120:
2079:
1990:
1939:
1652:
1587:
1575:(10 th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
1539:
1515:
1466:
926:
802:
785:
279:
238:
192:generally feeling tired or weak
2785:Familial adenomatous polyposis
1262:
1192:(18th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
324:The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)
1:
3466:Combined small-cell carcinoma
3428:Salivary gland–like carcinoma
3385:Non-small-cell lung carcinoma
3160:Paget's disease of the breast
3102:Pancreatic serous cystadenoma
2586:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-3039
2145:10.1016/j.lungcan.2008.08.009
944:
809:non-small cell lung carcinoma
520:The 2011 consensus describes
210:Extrapulmonary manifestations
3164:Extramammary Paget's disease
2891:Multiple endocrine neoplasia
2195:10.1097/JTO.0b013e318221f701
2182:Journal of Thoracic Oncology
1034:10.1097/JTO.0b013e318206a221
1022:Journal of Thoracic Oncology
937:squamous cell lung carcinoma
741:
694:European Respiratory Society
463:
322:Large scale studies such as
274:
7:
3402:Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
3322:Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
3149:Pancreatic ductal carcinoma
3066:Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
2699:Transitional cell carcinoma
350:(mutated in 46% of cases),
219:Hypercalcemia of malignancy
82:non-small cell lung cancers
72:is the most common type of
10:
3625:
3206:Medullary breast carcinoma
3188:Invasive lobular carcinoma
3098:Ovarian serous cystadenoma
3049:Signet ring cell carcinoma
1952:World Journal of Radiology
1678:10.1038/s41598-017-16701-x
1612:10.1038/s41467-021-21467-y
1491:10.1016/j.cels.2018.03.002
832:Tyrosine kinase inhibitors
757:
591:
561:micropapillary predominant
405:Chromosomal rearrangements
76:, and like other forms of
70:Adenocarcinoma of the lung
25:Adenocarcinoma of the lung
3578:
3552:
3521:Solitary pulmonary nodule
3508:
3474:
3456:
3408:Large-cell lung carcinoma
3383:
3374:
3356:
3347:
3290:
3223:
3196:
3183:Lobular carcinoma in situ
3173:
3134:
3123:
3106:Serous cystadenocarcinoma
3087:
3039:
3016:
3005:
2970:
2943:Clear-cell adenocarcinoma
2913:
2876:
2848:
2767:
2744:
2732:Bartholin gland carcinoma
2712:
2660:
2651:
2643:Glandular and epithelial
2363:10.1016/j.hoc.2016.08.012
2105:10.1183/09031936.00026711
2064:10.1183/09031936.00027511
1156:. McGraw-Hill Education.
871:progression-free survival
817:small cell lung carcinoma
690:American Thoracic Society
635:), or spine involvement.
233:
57:
48:
39:
29:
24:
3438:Papillary adenocarcinoma
3339:Laryngeal papillomatosis
3317:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
3211:Medullary thyroid cancer
3144:Mammary ductal carcinoma
3079:Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
2933:Adenoid cystic carcinoma
2900:Adrenocortical carcinoma
2840:Hepatocellular carcinoma
2574:Clinical Cancer Research
2251:10.21037/tlcr.2016.06.07
2019:World Cancer Report 2014
1946:Gossner J (April 2014).
601:Computed tomography (CT)
398:receptor tyrosine kinase
122:computed tomography (CT)
34:Pulmonary adenocarcinoma
3433:Adenosquamous carcinoma
3393:Squamous-cell carcinoma
2689:Squamous-cell carcinoma
1527:Genetics Home Reference
1388:Robbins Basic Pathology
880:ALK inhibitors such as
3570:solitary fibrous tumor
3072:Pseudomyxoma peritonei
2896:Adrenocortical adenoma
2836:Hepatocellular adenoma
2312:10.1136/tc.2007.022582
1287:10.1136/tc.2007.022582
782:
633:superior sulcus tumors
581:colloid adenocarcinoma
572:Four discrete variants
548:
540:
532:
511:Adenocarcinoma in situ
489:
344:tumor suppressor genes
319:
300:
260:small cell lung cancer
86:small cell lung cancer
3418:Sarcomatoid carcinoma
3305:Esthesioneuroblastoma
3234:Acinic cell carcinoma
2958:Papillary hidradenoma
2513:10.1056/NEJMoa1716078
2413:10.1056/NEJMoa1801946
2284:image page in Commons
1965:10.4329/wjr.v6.i4.116
1920:Weerakkody, Yuranga.
1894:Weerakkody, Yuranga.
1868:Weerakkody, Yuranga.
1842:Weerakkody, Yuranga.
1764:Weerakkody, Yuranga.
1738:Weerakkody, Yuranga.
1712:Weerakkody, Yuranga.
776:
606:Lung cancer screening
558:papillary predominant
546:
538:
530:
487:
413:or rearrangements in
306:
287:
3458:Small-cell carcinoma
3443:Giant-cell carcinoma
3062:Mucinous cystadenoma
2921:Neuroendocrine tumor
2858:Renal cell carcinoma
2694:Basal-cell carcinoma
2674:Small-cell carcinoma
2465:10.1200/jco.20.03579
1326:(1 Suppl): 191–202.
807:Adenocarcinoma is a
680:for adenocarcinoma.
584:fetal adenocarcinoma
499:large cell carcinoma
245:Nurses' Health Study
3536:Bronchial leiomyoma
3198:Medullary carcinoma
2684:Verrucous carcinoma
1571:Brunicardi (2014).
1442:10.1038/nature13385
1434:2014Natur.511..543T
1104:10.1038/nature25183
1096:2018Natur.553..446H
716:type II pneumocytes
552:lepidic predominant
328:somatic alterations
271:at an early stage.
98:shortness of breath
3588:Mediastinal tumors
3413:Rhabdoid carcinoma
3031:Cystadenocarcinoma
2863:Endometrioid tumor
2826:Cholangiocarcinoma
2714:Complex epithelial
2704:Inverted papilloma
1665:Scientific Reports
783:
752:performance status
555:acinar predominant
549:
541:
533:
495:squamous carcinoma
490:
320:
301:
155:Signs and symptoms
133:Surgical resection
3596:
3595:
3548:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3495:Immature teratoma
3284:respiratory tract
3246:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3219:
3218:
3175:Lobular carcinoma
3119:
3118:
2966:
2965:
2740:
2739:
2580:(10): 2236–2243.
2507:(21): 1976–1986.
2458:(20): 2327–2338.
2406:(22): 2093–2104.
1816:Muzio, Bruno Di.
1790:Muzio, Bruno Di.
1485:(3): 271–281.e7.
1428:(7511): 543–550.
1397:978-1-4160-2973-1
1199:978-0-07-174889-6
1090:(7689): 446–454.
976:978-92-832-2418-1
813:radiation therapy
750:, resectability,
442:respiratory tract
243:According to the
67:
66:
19:Medical condition
3616:
3381:
3380:
3354:
3353:
3334:Laryngeal cancer
3273:
3266:
3259:
3250:
3249:
3166:
3136:Ductal carcinoma
3132:
3131:
3112:
3068:
3054:Krukenberg tumor
3014:
3013:
2868:Renal oncocytoma
2780:Linitis plastica
2769:Gastrointestinal
2765:
2764:
2751:
2750:
2658:
2657:
2637:
2630:
2623:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2607:
2597:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2524:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2467:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2425:
2415:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2374:
2342:
2336:
2333:
2323:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2263:
2253:
2229:
2216:
2215:
2197:
2188:(9): 1496–1504.
2173:
2167:
2166:
2156:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2107:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2066:
2042:
2033:
2032:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1977:
1967:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1680:
1656:
1650:
1647:
1641:
1633:
1623:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1568:
1555:
1554:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1502:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1453:
1413:
1402:
1401:
1383:
1352:
1351:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1298:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1244:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1213:
1204:
1203:
1185:
1176:
1175:
1149:
1124:
1123:
1079:
1056:
1055:
1045:
1013:
996:
995:
993:
991:
985:
979:. Archived from
968:
957:
828:Targeted therapy
823:Targeted therapy
661:pleural effusion
470:typical symptoms
145:targeted therapy
94:persistent cough
44:
22:
21:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3574:
3540:
3531:Peripheral lung
3504:
3470:
3452:
3370:
3343:
3286:
3277:
3247:
3238:
3215:
3192:
3169:
3158:
3154:Comedocarcinoma
3127:
3125:
3115:
3096:
3083:
3060:
3035:
3009:
3007:
3001:
2972:
2962:
2909:
2872:
2844:
2817:Somatostatinoma
2760:adenocarcinomas
2758:
2736:
2722:Warthin's tumor
2708:
2647:
2641:
2611:
2566:
2562:
2553:
2551:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2493:
2489:
2443:
2439:
2392:
2388:
2343:
2339:
2300:Tobacco Control
2281:
2277:
2230:
2219:
2174:
2170:
2125:
2121:
2084:
2080:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2003:
2001:
1995:
1991:
1944:
1940:
1930:
1928:
1918:
1914:
1904:
1902:
1892:
1888:
1878:
1876:
1866:
1862:
1852:
1850:
1840:
1836:
1826:
1824:
1814:
1810:
1800:
1798:
1788:
1784:
1774:
1772:
1762:
1758:
1748:
1746:
1736:
1732:
1722:
1720:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1635:
1634:
1592:
1588:
1569:
1558:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1531:
1529:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1471:
1467:
1414:
1405:
1398:
1384:
1355:
1316:
1312:
1275:Tobacco Control
1267:
1263:
1253:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1236:
1226:
1224:
1215:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1186:
1179:
1164:
1150:
1127:
1080:
1059:
1014:
999:
989:
987:
983:
977:
966:
958:
951:
947:
941:
940:in a lifetime).
929:
909:
825:
805:
788:
760:
744:
643:If possible, a
641:
594:
539:Acinar pattern.
482:
474:medical imaging
466:
438:
436:Pathophysiology
415:adenocarcinomas
407:
336:
282:
277:
249:tobacco smoking
241:
236:
212:
157:
105:pathophysiology
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3622:
3612:
3611:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3584:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3564:
3558:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3516:Pancoast tumor
3512:
3510:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3481:
3479:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3462:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3398:Adenocarcinoma
3395:
3389:
3387:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3366:Tracheal tumor
3362:
3360:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3296:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3282:involving the
3276:
3275:
3268:
3261:
3253:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3230:
3228:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3202:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3179:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3140:
3138:
3129:
3121:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3093:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3045:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3023:
3021:
3011:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2976:
2974:
2973:skin appendage
2968:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2917:
2915:
2914:Other/multiple
2911:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2893:
2888:
2882:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2833:
2831:Klatskin tumor
2828:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2788:
2787:
2782:
2773:
2771:
2762:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2718:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2670:
2668:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2640:
2639:
2632:
2625:
2617:
2610:
2609:
2560:
2536:
2487:
2437:
2386:
2357:(1): 101–111.
2337:
2335:
2334:
2306:(3): 198–204.
2275:
2244:(3): 288–300.
2217:
2168:
2139:(2): 148–154.
2119:
2098:(2): 239–243.
2078:
2057:(2): 478–486.
2034:
2028:978-9283204299
2027:
2010:
1989:
1958:(4): 116–118.
1938:
1912:
1886:
1860:
1834:
1808:
1782:
1756:
1730:
1704:
1651:
1586:
1556:
1538:
1514:
1465:
1403:
1396:
1353:
1310:
1281:(3): 198–204.
1261:
1234:
1205:
1198:
1177:
1162:
1125:
1057:
1028:(2): 244–285.
997:
975:
948:
946:
943:
928:
925:
908:
905:
824:
821:
804:
801:
787:
784:
759:
756:
743:
740:
720:hyperchromasia
640:
639:Histopathology
637:
593:
590:
589:
588:
585:
582:
579:
566:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
547:Solid pattern.
481:
480:Classification
478:
465:
462:
437:
434:
406:
403:
335:
332:
281:
278:
276:
273:
240:
237:
235:
232:
231:
230:
223:
211:
208:
203:
202:
199:
196:
193:
190:
187:
184:
181:
178:
175:
172:
169:
156:
153:
90:adenocarcinoma
65:
64:
61:
55:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
31:
27:
26:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3621:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3473:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3274:
3269:
3267:
3262:
3260:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3222:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3128:and medullary
3122:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3004:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2969:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2638:
2633:
2631:
2626:
2624:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2564:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2532:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2491:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2441:
2433:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2390:
2382:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2341:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2279:
2271:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2172:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2123:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2082:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2041:
2039:
2030:
2024:
2020:
2014:
2000:
1993:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1942:
1927:
1923:
1916:
1901:
1897:
1890:
1875:
1871:
1864:
1849:
1845:
1838:
1823:
1819:
1812:
1797:
1793:
1786:
1771:
1767:
1760:
1745:
1741:
1734:
1719:
1715:
1708:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1655:
1645:
1639:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1590:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1528:
1524:
1523:"Lung cancer"
1518:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1399:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1314:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1265:
1249:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1222:
1218:
1212:
1210:
1201:
1195:
1191:
1184:
1182:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1163:9780071807289
1159:
1155:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
986:on 2009-08-23
982:
978:
972:
965:
964:
956:
954:
949:
942:
938:
932:
924:
920:
918:
917:pembrolizumab
914:
907:Immunotherapy
904:
902:
897:
895:
891:
887:
883:
878:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
835:
833:
829:
820:
818:
814:
810:
800:
797:
793:
780:
775:
771:
769:
765:
764:pneumonectomy
755:
753:
749:
739:
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
703:
700:
695:
691:
687:
681:
679:
675:
670:
665:
662:
658:
654:
653:thoracentesis
649:
646:
636:
634:
628:
626:
622:
618:
614:
609:
607:
602:
598:
586:
583:
580:
577:
576:
575:
573:
569:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
550:
545:
537:
529:
525:
523:
522:five subtypes
518:
516:
512:
506:
502:
500:
496:
486:
477:
475:
471:
461:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
433:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
402:
399:
394:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
331:
329:
325:
317:
313:
309:
305:
298:
294:
290:
286:
272:
270:
265:
264:squamous cell
261:
256:
254:
253:relative risk
250:
246:
227:
224:
220:
217:
216:
215:
207:
200:
197:
194:
191:
188:
185:
182:
179:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
165:
162:
152:
150:
149:immunotherapy
146:
142:
138:
134:
129:
127:
123:
119:
115:
110:
106:
101:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
62:
60:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
35:
32:
28:
23:
3562:Mesothelioma
3526:Central lung
3397:
3300:Nasal cavity
2985:Hidrocystoma
2979:
2905:Hürthle cell
2886:Prolactinoma
2791:
2776:
2577:
2573:
2563:
2552:. Retrieved
2548:
2539:
2504:
2500:
2490:
2455:
2452:J Clin Oncol
2451:
2440:
2403:
2399:
2389:
2354:
2350:
2340:
2303:
2299:
2278:
2241:
2237:
2185:
2181:
2171:
2136:
2132:
2122:
2095:
2091:
2081:
2054:
2050:
2018:
2013:
2002:. Retrieved
1992:
1955:
1951:
1941:
1929:. Retrieved
1925:
1915:
1903:. Retrieved
1899:
1889:
1877:. Retrieved
1873:
1863:
1851:. Retrieved
1847:
1837:
1825:. Retrieved
1821:
1811:
1799:. Retrieved
1795:
1785:
1773:. Retrieved
1769:
1759:
1747:. Retrieved
1743:
1733:
1721:. Retrieved
1717:
1707:
1668:
1664:
1654:
1638:cite journal
1603:
1599:
1589:
1572:
1550:
1541:
1530:. Retrieved
1526:
1517:
1482:
1479:Cell Systems
1478:
1468:
1425:
1421:
1387:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1278:
1274:
1264:
1252:. Retrieved
1225:. Retrieved
1220:
1189:
1153:
1087:
1083:
1025:
1021:
988:. Retrieved
981:the original
962:
933:
930:
927:Epidemiology
921:
910:
898:
879:
836:
826:
815:compared to
806:
803:Radiotherapy
789:
786:Chemotherapy
761:
745:
736:
726:, prominent
724:pleomorphism
707:
704:
697:
682:
666:
650:
642:
629:
610:
595:
571:
570:
567:
521:
519:
507:
503:
491:
467:
458:
446:gas exchange
439:
431:
408:
395:
372:
346:, including
337:
321:
280:Pathogenesis
257:
242:
239:Risk factors
225:
218:
213:
204:
158:
141:radiotherapy
137:chemotherapy
130:
102:
69:
68:
33:
3609:Lung cancer
3580:Mediastinum
3509:By location
3312:Nasopharynx
3027:Cystadenoma
2980:sweat gland
2971:Adnexal and
2802:Glucagonoma
2133:Lung Cancer
1926:Radiopaedia
1900:Radiopaedia
1874:Radiopaedia
1848:Radiopaedia
1822:Radiopaedia
1796:Radiopaedia
1770:Radiopaedia
1744:Radiopaedia
1718:Radiopaedia
1606:(1): 1193.
875:osimertinib
859:EGFR family
851:dacomitinib
796:carboplatin
779:lung cancer
699:production.
678:cell marker
316:immunostain
297:immunostain
291:showing an
269:metastasize
171:weight loss
74:lung cancer
30:Other names
3010:and serous
2953:Cylindroma
2938:Oncocytoma
2850:Urogenital
2807:Gastrinoma
2797:Insulinoma
2653:Epithelium
2554:2019-02-22
2004:2018-03-10
1931:21 January
1905:21 January
1879:21 January
1853:21 January
1827:21 January
1801:21 January
1775:21 January
1749:21 January
1723:21 January
1600:Nat Commun
1532:2019-05-06
1221:Cancer.org
945:References
894:brigatinib
882:crizotinib
861:, such as
712:club cells
688:(IASLC) /
657:ultrasound
621:CT imaging
597:CT imaging
310:showing a
308:Micrograph
289:Micrograph
109:histologic
3567:Malignant
3477:carcinoma
3423:Carcinoid
3008:mucinous,
2990:Syringoma
2926:Carcinoid
2878:Endocrine
2666:carcinoma
2662:Papilloma
2482:231754357
1687:2045-2322
1581:941117341
1348:221577784
1254:March 11,
1227:March 11,
1172:898053564
913:nivolumab
890:alectinib
886:ceritinib
843:erlotinib
839:gefitinib
792:cisplatin
768:lobectomy
742:Treatment
617:bone scan
464:Diagnosis
454:breathing
340:oncogenes
275:Mechanism
183:bone pain
59:Specialty
51:lobectomy
3603:Category
3500:Melanoma
3490:Lymphoma
3349:Lower RT
3292:Upper RT
3126:lobular,
3041:Mucinous
2792:pancreas
2755:Adenomas
2604:25979930
2531:29658848
2474:33513313
2432:29658845
2381:27912826
2330:18390646
2270:27413711
2212:26574271
2204:21642859
2163:18951650
2114:21804158
2073:21828029
1984:24778773
1630:33608558
1509:29596782
1460:25079552
1305:18390646
1112:29364287
1052:21252716
990:27 March
901:homology
847:afatinib
728:nucleoli
692:(ATS) /
381:, EGFR,
186:clubbing
63:Oncology
3485:Sarcoma
3358:Trachea
3124:Ductal,
3020:general
3006:Cystic,
2948:Apudoma
2727:Thymoma
2595:4862209
2522:6223617
2423:7193684
2372:5154547
2321:3044470
2290:Table 2
2261:4931124
2154:2849638
1975:4000607
1696:5711838
1621:7896045
1500:6075717
1451:4231481
1430:Bibcode
1340:8000996
1296:3044470
1120:4463109
1092:Bibcode
1043:4513953
758:Surgery
696:(ERS):
627:alone.
592:Imaging
513:(AIS),
450:alveoli
411:fusions
358:(32%),
354:(27%),
314:. ROS1
161:stage I
3554:Pleura
3329:Larynx
3280:Cancer
3225:Acinar
3089:Serous
3018:Cystic
2812:VIPoma
2777:tract:
2746:Glands
2645:cancer
2602:
2592:
2529:
2519:
2480:
2472:
2430:
2420:
2379:
2369:
2328:
2318:
2268:
2258:
2210:
2202:
2161:
2151:
2112:
2071:
2025:
1982:
1972:
1693:
1685:
1628:
1618:
1579:
1507:
1497:
1458:
1448:
1422:Nature
1394:
1346:
1338:
1320:Cancer
1303:
1293:
1196:
1170:
1160:
1118:
1110:
1084:Nature
1050:
1040:
973:
645:biopsy
613:PET/CT
425:, and
391:CDKN2A
385:, and
295:. ALK
234:Causes
114:lesion
2478:S2CID
2208:S2CID
1671:(1).
1344:S2CID
1116:S2CID
984:(PDF)
967:(PDF)
748:stage
674:TTF-1
669:mucin
364:STK11
360:KEAP1
189:fever
126:X-ray
118:tumor
3475:Non-
3376:Lung
3227:cell
2600:PMID
2549:SEER
2527:PMID
2470:PMID
2428:PMID
2377:PMID
2326:PMID
2292:in:
2266:PMID
2200:PMID
2159:PMID
2110:PMID
2069:PMID
2023:ISBN
1980:PMID
1933:2022
1907:2022
1881:2022
1855:2022
1829:2022
1803:2022
1777:2022
1751:2022
1725:2022
1683:ISSN
1644:link
1626:PMID
1577:OCLC
1505:PMID
1456:PMID
1392:ISBN
1336:PMID
1301:PMID
1256:2018
1229:2018
1194:ISBN
1168:OCLC
1158:ISBN
1108:PMID
1048:PMID
992:2010
971:ISBN
915:and
892:and
867:HER4
865:and
863:HER2
855:EGFR
849:and
841:and
732:KRAS
676:, a
615:and
497:and
440:The
423:ROS1
379:Mdm2
375:TERT
366:and
356:KRAS
352:EGFR
348:TP53
342:and
262:and
147:and
96:and
78:lung
2590:PMC
2582:doi
2517:PMC
2509:doi
2505:378
2460:doi
2418:PMC
2408:doi
2404:378
2367:PMC
2359:doi
2316:PMC
2308:doi
2256:PMC
2246:doi
2190:doi
2149:PMC
2141:doi
2100:doi
2059:doi
1970:PMC
1960:doi
1691:PMC
1673:doi
1616:PMC
1608:doi
1495:PMC
1487:doi
1446:PMC
1438:doi
1426:511
1328:doi
1291:PMC
1283:doi
1100:doi
1088:553
1038:PMC
1030:doi
794:or
766:or
714:or
625:PET
608:).
427:RET
419:ALK
387:Myc
383:MET
368:NF1
124:or
116:or
3605::
3162:/
3108:/
3104:/
3100:/
3064:/
2598:.
2588:.
2578:21
2576:.
2572:.
2547:.
2525:.
2515:.
2503:.
2499:.
2476:.
2468:.
2456:39
2454:.
2450:.
2426:.
2416:.
2402:.
2398:.
2375:.
2365:.
2355:31
2353:.
2349:.
2324:.
2314:.
2304:17
2302:.
2298:.
2264:.
2254:.
2240:.
2236:.
2220:^
2206:.
2198:.
2184:.
2180:.
2157:.
2147:.
2137:64
2135:.
2131:.
2108:.
2096:38
2094:.
2090:.
2067:.
2055:39
2053:.
2049:.
2037:^
1978:.
1968:.
1954:.
1950:.
1924:.
1898:.
1872:.
1846:.
1820:.
1794:.
1768:.
1742:.
1716:.
1689:.
1681:.
1667:.
1663:.
1640:}}
1636:{{
1624:.
1614:.
1604:12
1602:.
1598:.
1559:^
1549:.
1525:.
1503:.
1493:.
1481:.
1477:.
1454:.
1444:.
1436:.
1424:.
1420:.
1406:^
1356:^
1342:.
1334:.
1324:75
1322:.
1299:.
1289:.
1279:17
1277:.
1273:.
1237:^
1219:.
1208:^
1180:^
1166:.
1128:^
1114:.
1106:.
1098:.
1086:.
1060:^
1046:.
1036:.
1024:.
1020:.
1000:^
952:^
888:,
722:,
501:.
476:.
421:,
417::
393:.
377:,
362:,
143:,
139:,
135:,
100:.
3404:)
3400:(
3272:e
3265:t
3258:v
3029:/
2898:/
2838:/
2757:/
2664:/
2636:e
2629:t
2622:v
2606:.
2584::
2557:.
2533:.
2511::
2484:.
2462::
2434:.
2410::
2383:.
2361::
2332:.
2310::
2272:.
2248::
2242:5
2214:.
2192::
2186:6
2165:.
2143::
2116:.
2102::
2075:.
2061::
2031:.
2007:.
1986:.
1962::
1956:6
1935:.
1909:.
1883:.
1857:.
1831:.
1805:.
1779:.
1753:.
1727:.
1699:.
1675::
1669:7
1646:)
1632:.
1610::
1583:.
1553:.
1535:.
1511:.
1489::
1483:6
1462:.
1440::
1432::
1400:.
1350:.
1330::
1307:.
1285::
1258:.
1231:.
1202:.
1174:.
1122:.
1102::
1094::
1054:.
1032::
1026:6
994:.
318:.
299:.
53:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
