938:
907:
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183:
152:
110:
37:
1339:
650:
926:
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884:
853:
171:
140:
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98:
782:: 17,000 Coalition troops, commanded by Wurmser, engaged 12,000 Republican French soldiers at Mannheim, commanded by Pichegru. These troops were encamped outside the Mannheim fortress. By sheer weight of numbers, Wurmser drove them from their encampment; 10,000 of them retreated into the city of Mannheim and the rest scattered to join other forces near Mainz and Pfeddersheim.
1476:'s finances were in poor shape, so its armies would be expected to invade new territories and then live off the conquered lands, as they had been instructed to do in 1795. Knowing that the French planned to invade Germany, on 20 May 1796 the Austrians announced that the truce would end on 31 May, and prepared for invasion.
777:
in
October, and forced most of the Army of the Sambre and Meuse to retreat to the west bank of the Rhine. Wurmser sealed off the French bridgehead at Mannheim, leaving the 12,000 man French forced isolated on the west side of the Rhine. With Jourdan temporarily quiescent, the Austrians defeated the
688:
In the process of approaching Mainz, however, the French surrounded the small town of
Mannheim. Baron von Belderbusch, the commander, entered into negotiations with the French, surrendering Mannheim and its 471 guns on 20 September without resistance. His 9,200-man Bavarian garrison was allowed to
1444:
drove
Pichegru's army away from the city, leaving it isolated. Once the French troops at Pfeddersheim abandoned their position, the French position at Mannheim, invested by the Coalition since October, became untenable. On 22 November 1795, after a one-month siege, the 10,000-strong French siege
1463:
The
Coalition's successful conclusion of the battle and subsequent siege brought to an end French incursions west of the Rhine in 1795. In January 1796, Clerfayt concluded an armistice with the French. The Austrians retained large portions of the west bank. Despite the armistice, both sides
757:
and 12,600 French troops. Count
Hompesch's 2,000-man garrison was allowed to march home after promising not to fight the French for one year. The city and its 168 fortress guns became French prizes. In the south Pichegru found his army blocked by
1412:
in modern-day
Germany. A week later, at Mainz, on 29 October 1795, a Coalition army of 27,000, led by the Count of Clerfayt, launched a surprise assault against four divisions (33,000 men) of the French Army of the Rhine and Moselle directed by
589:
crossed the Rhine and converged on the confluence of the Main and the Rhine. Initial action at
Mannheim resulted in a minor skirmish, but the Bavarian commander negotiated a quick truce with the French and withdrew. On 17 October 1795, 17,000
1417:. The French division on the farthest right flank fled the battlefield, compelling the other three divisions to retreat with the loss of their siege artillery and many casualties. On 10 November 1795, Clerfayt defeated Pichegru at the
1351:
After successfully scattering the French outside of
Mannheim, Wurmser then laid siege to the French troops who had sought safety inside the city walls. The siege of Mannheim (18 October – 22 November 1795) began when 17,000
610:
forces then laid siege to
Mannheim. Subsequent action at neighboring cities forced the French to withdraw further westward toward France; after a month's siege, the 10,000-strong Republican French garrison now commanded by
606:. In a combination of maneuvers, the Habsburg army forced 10,000 of the French forces to withdraw into the city itself; other French troops fled to join neighboring Republican armies.
1441:
1385:
658:
1421:. The French continued to withdraw. Clerfayt advanced with 75,000 Coalition troops south along the west bank of the Rhine against Pichegru's 37,000-man strong defenses behind the
997:
240:
682:
674:
1426:
1266:
509:
615:
surrendered to 25,000 Austrians commanded by
Wurmser. This surrender brought the 1795 campaign in Germany to an end. The battle and siege occurred during the
1084:
327:
1296:
539:
1392:
surrendered to 25,000 Austrians commanded by Wurmser. This event brought the 1795 campaign in Germany to an end. The battle and siege occurred during the
1301:
1291:
544:
534:
1863:
1843:
1100:
343:
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990:
233:
1768:
1707:
Warfare in the Age of Napoleon: The Revolutionary Wars Against the First Coalition in Northern Europe and the Italian Campaign, 1789–1797
1653:
Warfare in the Age of Napoleon: The Revolutionary Wars Against the First Coalition in Northern Europe and the Italian Campaign, 1789–1797
1632:
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drove Pichegru's army away from the city, leaving it isolated. After a month-long siege, the 10,000-strong Republican French garrison of
983:
226:
1077:
320:
1173:
416:
1276:
519:
1804:
1868:
1070:
313:
1717:
The Armies of the First French Republic: Volume II The Armées du Moselle, du Rhin, de Sambre-et-Meuse, de Rhin-et-Moselle,
1499:
The Armies of the First French Republic: Volume II The Armées du Moselle, du Rhin, de Sambre-et-Meuse, de Rhin-et-Moselle,
689:
march home. The Austrians felt betrayed by their allies, but could only protest as their enemies gained a key bridgehead.
1243:
1021:
486:
264:
1848:
1792:
1530:
1429:(13–14 November 1795), an Austrian victory forced Pichegru to abandon his last defensive position north of Mannheim.
1326:
657:
The Rhine Campaign of 1795 (April 1795 to January 1796) opened when two Habsburg armies under the overall command of
569:
1853:
741:
in the south. Jourdan's army crossed the Rhine north of DĂĽsseldorf on 8 September. Wheeling to the right, the
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765:'s Austrian army. Pichegru moved north until he was across from Mannheim and demanded its surrender.
620:
481:
279:
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677:
in the north, while the French Army of Rhine and Moselle under the command of Pichegru lay opposite
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Count of Clerfayt's Austrian army. Jourdan was instructed to cross to the north near
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the French were driven from their camp and forced to retreat into the city of
1837:
1819:
1806:
1465:
726:
730:
1405:
628:
1449:, surrendered. This event brought the 1795 campaign in Germany to an end.
1780:
1518:
1401:
1338:
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649:
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218:
773:
In October, Clerfayt massed his troops against Jourdan, beat him at the
746:
738:
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817:
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603:
62:
1472:, again gave Germany priority over Italy as a theater of war. The
825:
70:
1639:
10 February 2009 version, accessed 6 March 2015. Smith, p. 105.
1422:
925:
894:
883:
852:
170:
139:
128:
97:
1386:
François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt
1442:
François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt
722:
659:
François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt
1376:
which was then placed under siege. After winning battles at
1464:
continued to plan for war. In a decree on 6 January 1796,
753:
garrison at DĂĽsseldorf capitulated to General of Division
745:
struck south and by 20 September had moved forward to the
1501:
US, Pickle Partners Publishing, 2011 (1923–1933), p. 212.
1626:
J. Rickard, Combat of Heidelberg, 23–25 September 1795,
669:. The French Army of the Sambre and Meuse, commanded by
778:
left wing of the Army of the Rhine and Moselle at the
1092:
335:
1835:
1719:US, Pickle Partners Publishing, 2011 (1923–1933)
665:armies to cross the Rhine River and capture the
1775:10 February 2009 version, accessed 6 March 2015
1078:
991:
768:
321:
234:
1779:
1758:Combat of Heidelberg, 23–25 September 1795,
1597:"Combat of Heidelberg, 23-25 September 1795"
1658:
1517:
1674:
1642:
1544:
1542:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1085:
1071:
1005:
998:
984:
328:
314:
248:
241:
227:
35:
1588:
1864:Sieges of the War of the First Coalition
1844:Battles of the French Revolutionary Wars
1490:
1488:
1337:
733:while Pichegru crossed anywhere between
648:
631:, Mannheim lies in the federal state of
16:Battle of the War of the First Coalition
1539:
1525:. London: Greenhill. pp. 104–105.
1504:
1836:
1874:Military history of Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
1565:
1485:
1066:
979:
721:to launch a pincer attack across the
309:
222:
41:View of Mannheim in the 18th century
1742:"Battle of Hochst, 11 October 1795"
1739:
1722:
1594:
1574:"Battle of Hochst, 11 October 1795"
1571:
1548:
638:
602:in the grounds outside the city of
13:
1725:"Jean-Charles Pichegru, 1761-1804"
1551:"Jean-Charles Pichegru, 1761-1804"
692:
14:
1885:
1655:, Leonaur Ltd, 2011, pp. 286–287.
598:engaged 12,000 soldiers, led by
1408:, Mannheim lies in the state of
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924:
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893:
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863:
851:
181:
169:
150:
138:
127:
108:
96:
1620:
1611:
1:
1869:1795 in the Holy Roman Empire
1785:The Napoleonic Wars Data Book
1686:
1671:, Macmillan, 1966, pp. 46–47.
1523:The Napoleonic Wars Data Book
1322:Italian campaign of 1796-1797
808:18 October – 22 November 1795
661:, thwarted an attempt by two
585:began in April 1795 when two
565:Italian campaign of 1796-1797
1447:Anne Charles Basset Montaigu
1390:Anne Charles Basset Montaigu
1358:Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser
763:Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser
701:ordered General of Division
679:Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser
613:Anne Charles Basset Montaigu
596:Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser
594:troops under the command of
7:
1404:at its confluence with the
697:In the summer of 1795, the
627:at its confluence with the
10:
1890:
1456:
1394:War of the First Coalition
1096:War of the First Coalition
795:War of the First Coalition
769:Battle at Mannheim suburbs
642:
617:War of the First Coalition
339:War of the First Coalition
29:War of the First Coalition
1697:The Campaigns of Napoleon
1669:The Campaigns of Napoleon
1452:
1432:After winning battles at
1425:River near Worms. At the
1398:French Revolutionary Wars
1302:Rhine campaign of 1793–94
1109:
1017:
959:
946:
917:
875:
844:
800:
792:
787:
621:French Revolutionary Wars
545:Rhine campaign of 1793–94
352:
260:
204:
191:
162:
120:
89:
45:
34:
26:
22:Battle of Mannheim (1795)
21:
1849:Sieges involving Austria
1479:
1346:
788:Siege of Mannheim (1795)
755:François Joseph Lefebvre
711:and General of Division
673:, confronted Clerfayt's
1854:Sieges involving France
1763:Mannheim and Heidelberg
1703:Dodge, Theodore Ayrault
1629:Mannheim and Heidelberg
1445:garrison, commanded by
1440:, the Austrian army of
1384:, the Austrian army of
743:Army of Sambre-et-Meuse
718:Army of Rhin-et-Moselle
708:Army of Sambre-et-Meuse
683:Army of the Upper Rhine
675:Army of the Lower Rhine
635:in modern-day Germany.
1649:Theodore Ayrault Dodge
1459:Rhine Campaign of 1796
1419:Battle of Pfeddersheim
1415:François Ignace Schaal
1343:
1317:Rhine campaign of 1796
1312:Rhine campaign of 1795
1277:Mediterranean campaign
1009:Rhine campaign of 1795
876:Commanders and leaders
760:General der Kavallerie
654:
645:Rhine Campaign of 1795
560:Rhine campaign of 1796
555:Rhine campaign of 1795
520:Mediterranean campaign
252:Rhine campaign of 1795
121:Commanders and leaders
1787:. London: Greenhill.
1713:Phipps, Ramsay Weston
1680:Phipps, v. 2, p. 278.
1474:French First Republic
1427:Battle of Frankenthal
1366:Jean-Charles Pichegru
1341:
965:Battle: Siege: 10,000
960:Casualties and losses
955:Battle: Siege: 25,000
889:Jean-Charles Pichegru
858:French First Republic
713:Jean-Charles Pichegru
703:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
671:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
652:
600:Jean-Charles Pichegru
205:Casualties and losses
134:Jean-Charles Pichegru
103:French First Republic
1820:49.48889°N 8.46917°E
1709:, Leonaur Ltd, 2011.
1495:Ramsay Weston Phipps
931:Army of Rhin-Moselle
822:Electoral Palatinate
176:Army of Rhin-Moselle
67:Electoral Palatinate
1816: /
1297:East Indies Theatre
1287:War of the Pyrenees
942:Army of Upper Rhine
749:. On the 21st, the
540:East Indies Theatre
530:War of the Pyrenees
187:Army of Upper Rhine
1771:2014-11-12 at the
1744:. historyofwar.org
1727:. historyofwar.org
1699:, Macmillan, 1966,
1693:Chandler, David G.
1635:2014-11-12 at the
1599:. historyofwar.org
1576:. historyofwar.org
1553:. historyofwar.org
1468:, one of the five
1400:. Situated on the
1370:Battle of Mannheim
1344:
655:
623:. Situated on the
583:action at Mannheim
1859:Conflicts in 1795
1825:49.48889; 8.46917
1665:David G. Chandler
1410:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
1362:Republican French
1354:Habsburg Austrian
1342:Siege of Mannheim
1335:
1334:
1327:Anglo-Spanish War
1307:Atlantic campaign
1292:Italian campaigns
1282:War in the Vendée
1267:Flanders campaign
1060:
1059:
974:
973:
840:
839:
667:Fortress of Mainz
653:Siege of Mannheim
633:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
592:Habsburg Austrian
578:
577:
570:Anglo-Spanish War
550:Atlantic campaign
535:Italian campaigns
525:War in the Vendée
510:Flanders campaign
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1360:defeated 12,000
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910:
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900:Charles Montaigu
898:
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870:Habsburg Austria
868:
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836:Austrian victory
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775:Battle of Höchst
699:French Directory
639:Campaign of 1795
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115:Habsburg Austria
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81:Austrian victory
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1466:Lazare Carnot
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952:Siege: 10,000
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727:Feldmarschall
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33:
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25:
20:
1801:
1784:
1781:Smith, Digby
1767:
1764:
1757:
1756:Rickard, J.
1746:. Retrieved
1740:Rickard, J.
1729:. Retrieved
1723:Rickard, J.
1716:
1706:
1696:
1676:
1668:
1660:
1652:
1644:
1628:
1622:
1613:
1601:. Retrieved
1595:Rickard, J.
1590:
1578:. Retrieved
1572:Rickard, J.
1567:
1555:. Retrieved
1549:Rickard, J.
1522:
1498:
1462:
1438:Pfeddersheim
1431:
1406:Neckar River
1382:Pfeddersheim
1369:
1350:
1219:Newfoundland
1184:Altenkirchen
1052:2nd Mannheim
1047:Pfeddersheim
1037:1st Mannheim
845:Belligerents
772:
742:
716:
706:
696:
687:
656:
629:Neckar River
582:
580:
462:Newfoundland
427:Altenkirchen
295:2nd Mannheim
290:Pfeddersheim
280:1st Mannheim
90:Belligerents
1823: /
1519:Digby Smith
1402:Rhine River
1272:Chouannerie
968:Battle: 709
625:Rhine River
515:Chouannerie
1838:Categories
1808:49°29′20″N
1748:31 January
1731:30 January
1687:References
1603:22 January
1580:31 January
1557:22 January
1174:Den Helder
1169:Guadeloupe
1164:Martinique
1134:Thionville
1114:Porrentruy
1022:Luxembourg
970:Siege: 400
747:Lahn River
739:Strasbourg
731:DĂĽsseldorf
417:Den Helder
412:Guadeloupe
407:Martinique
377:Thionville
357:Porrentruy
265:Luxembourg
1368:. In the
1259:Diersheim
1249:Fishguard
1209:Neresheim
1119:Quiévrain
715:with the
705:with the
502:Diersheim
492:Fishguard
452:Neresheim
362:Quiévrain
1811:8°28′9″E
1783:(1998).
1769:Archived
1633:Archived
1521:(1998).
1374:Mannheim
1239:Biberach
1234:2nd Kehl
1224:WĂĽrzburg
1199:1st Kehl
1194:Kircheib
1179:Siegburg
1159:Sardinia
1154:Jemappes
1124:Marquain
947:Strength
818:Mannheim
813:Location
793:Part of
751:Bavarian
735:Mannheim
725:against
604:Mannheim
482:Biberach
477:2nd Kehl
467:WĂĽrzburg
442:1st Kehl
437:Kircheib
422:Siegburg
402:Sardinia
397:Jemappes
367:Marquain
192:Strength
63:Mannheim
58:Location
27:Part of
1254:Neuwied
1244:Ireland
1229:Limburg
1189:Wetzlar
826:Germany
497:Neuwied
487:Ireland
472:Limburg
432:Wetzlar
71:Germany
1791:
1529:
1453:Result
1423:Pfrimm
1214:Amberg
1204:Malsch
1129:Verdun
1032:Höchst
833:Result
663:French
457:Amberg
447:Malsch
372:Verdun
275:Höchst
200:17,000
197:12,000
78:Result
1480:Notes
1434:Mainz
1378:Mainz
1347:Siege
1149:Mainz
1144:Lille
1139:Valmy
1042:Mainz
723:Rhine
392:Mainz
387:Lille
382:Valmy
285:Mainz
1789:ISBN
1750:2014
1733:2014
1605:2014
1582:2014
1559:2014
1527:ISBN
1436:and
1380:and
1101:List
805:Date
737:and
581:The
344:List
50:Date
681:'s
213:709
1840::
1715:,
1705:,
1695:,
1667:,
1651:,
1541:^
1506:^
1497:,
1487:^
820:,
65:,
1797:.
1752:.
1735:.
1607:.
1584:.
1561:.
1535:.
1103:)
1099:(
1086:e
1079:t
1072:v
999:e
992:t
985:v
346:)
342:(
329:e
322:t
315:v
242:e
235:t
228:v
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