882:(IBS) which is a direct particle-particle interaction to wakefields which are mediated by the vacuum chamber wall of the machine the particles are traveling in. In general, the effect of direct particle-particle interactions is less with higher energy particle beams. At very low energies, space charge has a large effect on a particle beam and thus becomes hard to calculate. See below for a list of programs that can handle low energy space charge forces.
1096:
Given the variety of modeling tasks, there is not one common data format that has developed. For describing the layout of an accelerator and the corresponding elements, one uses a so-called "lattice file". There have been numerous attempts at unifying the lattice file formats used in different codes.
935:
The self interaction (e.g. space charge) of the charged particle beam can cause growth of the beam, such as with bunch lengthening, or intrabeam scattering. Additionally, space charge effects may cause instabilities and associated beam loss. Typically, at relatively low energies (roughly for energies
1124:
production. When performing a modeling task for any accelerator operation, the results of charged particle beam dynamics simulations must feed into the associated application. Thus, for a full simulation, one must include the codes in associated applications. For particle physics, the simulation
33:
For many applications it is sufficient to track a single particle through the relevant electric and magnetic fields. Old codes no longer maintained by their original authors or home institutions include: BETA, AGS, ALIGN, COMFORT, DESIGN, DIMAD, HARMON, LEGO, LIAR, MAGIC, MARYLIE, PATRICIA, PETROS,
24:
is a field of physics encompassing all the aspects required to design and operate the equipment and to understand the resulting dynamics of the charged particles. There are software packages associated with each domain. The 1990 edition of the Los Alamos
Accelerator Code Group's compendium provides
1144:
Industrial and medical accelerators represent another area of important applications. A 2013 survey estimated that there were about 27,000 industrial accelerators and another 14,000 medical accelerators world wide, and those numbers have continued to increase since that time. Codes used at those
1100:
The file formats used in MAD may be the most common, with translation routines available to convert to an input form needed for a different code. Associated with the
Elegant code is a data format called SDDS, with an associated suite of tools. If one uses a Matlab-based code, such as Accelerator
1140:
modelling software such as SRW, Shadow, McXTrace, or
Spectra. Bmad can model both X-rays and charged particle beams. The x-rays are used in an experiment which may be modeled and analyzed with various software, such as the DAWN science platform. OCELOT also includes both synchrotron radiation
1021:
When two beams collide, the electromagnetic field of one beam will then have strong effects on the other one, called beam-beam effects. So called "weak-strong" simulations model one beam (called the "strong" beam since it affects the other beam) as a fixed distribution (typically a
Gaussian
940:
algorithms. Space charge effects lessen at higher energies so at higher energies the space charge effects may be modeled using simpler algorithms that are computationally much faster than the algorithms used at lower energies. Codes that handle low energy space charge effects include:
34:
RACETRACK, SYNCH, TRANSPORT, TURTLE, and UAL. Some legacy codes are maintained by commercial organizations for academic, industrial and medical accelerator facilities that continue to use those codes. TRACE 3-D and TURTLE are among the historic codes that are commercially maintained.
1097:
One unification attempt is the
Accelerator Markup Language, and the Universal Accelerator Parser. Another attempt at a unified approach to accelerator codes is the UAL or Universal Accelerator Library. As of 2023 neither of these formats are maintained.
1070:
To control the charged particle beam, appropriate electric and magnetic fields must be created. There are software packages to help in the design and understanding of the magnets, RF cavities, and other elements that create these fields. Codes include
1446:
Appleby, Robert; Barlow, Roger J.; Bungau, Adriana; Fallon, James; Kruecker, Dirk; Molson, James; Rafique, Haroon; Rowan, Scott; Serluca, Maurizio; Sjøbæk, Kyrre Ness; Toader, Adina; Tygier, Sam; Walker, Nick; Wolski, Andy (2019). "Merlin++".
917:
The electro-magnetic interaction between the beam and the vacuum chamber wall enclosing the beam are known as wakefields. Wakefields produce forces that affect the trajectory of the particles of the beam and can potentially destabilize the
1401:
Appleby, Robert; Barlow, Roger J.; Bungau, Adriana; Fallon, James; Kruecker, Dirk; Molson, James; Rafique, Haroon; Rowan, Scott; Serluca, Maurizio; Sjøbæk, Kyrre Ness; Toader, Adina; Tygier, Sam; Walker, Nick; Wolski, Andy (2019-03-03).
1022:
distribution) which interacts with the particles of the other "weak" beam. This greatly simplifies the simulation. A full "strong-strong" simulation is more complicated and takes more simulation time. Strong-strong codes include
25:
summaries of more than 200 codes. Certain codes are still in use today, although many are obsolete. Another index of existing and historical accelerator simulation codes is located at the CERN CARE/HHH website.
1189:
Computer Codes for
Particle Accelerator Design and Analysis: A Compendium, Second Edition, Helen Stokes Deaven and Kwok Chi Dominic Chen, Los Alamos National Laboratory report number LA-UR-90-1766, 290 pages
854:
Construction of Taylor series maps to high order that can be used for simulating particle motion and also can be used for such things as extracting single particle resonance strengths.
996:
1145:
facilities vary considerably and often include a mix of traditional codes and custom codes developed for specific applications. The
Advanced Orbit Code (AOC) developed at
1218:
1104:
For the interchange of particle positions and electromagnetic fields, the OpenPMD standard defines a format which can then be implemented with a file format like
862:
Can simulate the beam-beam interaction with the simplification that one beam is essentially fixed in size. See below for a list of strong-strong interaction codes.
878:
The interactions between the particles in the beam can have important effects on the behavior, control and dynamics. Collective effects take different forms from
992:
1943:
1803:
1202:
1161:
936:
where the relativistic gamma factor is less than 10 or so), the
Poisson equation is solved at intervals during the tracking using
2136:
1831:"J. Qiang, M. Furman, and R. Ryne, "A parallel particle-in-cell model for beam–beam interaction in high energy ring colliders""
1225:
2036:
1619:
1132:
For a synchrotron radiation facility, for example, the electron beam produces an x-ray beam that then travels down a
1642:
1042:". An important job is thus the computation of this impedance for the machine. Codes for this computation include
1039:
910:
This is not the same as simulating the effect of synchrotron radiation emission on the particles being tracked.
1947:
1116:
There are many applications of particle accelerators. For example, two important applications are elementary
1381:
2131:
1869:
1608:
20:
is a complex machine that takes elementary charged particles and accelerates them to very high energies.
2002:
1678:
1733:
1170:
1473:
1432:
1136:
before reaching the experiment. Thus, the electron beam modeling software must interface with the
1105:
1883:
1361:
1038:
An important class of collective effects may be summarized in terms of the beams response to an "
1795:
1575:
2102:
2113:
1460:
1419:
1146:
1121:
926:
Open source and object oriented coding to make it relatively easy to extend the capabilities.
899:
2091:
1931:
879:
17:
1199:
891:
Can simulate the effect of synchrotron radiation emission on the particles being tracked.
8:
21:
1158:
1667:
ImpactX: an s-based beam dynamics code including space charge effects from
Berkeley Lab
2013:
1838:
1448:
1407:
1117:
937:
1887:
1597:
1403:
1206:
1165:
1722:
1744:
843:
1991:
1842:
1689:
1509:
2125:
2040:
1979:
1756:
1347:
1830:
1711:
1248:
1700:
1522:
1486:
1452:
1411:
1137:
2072:
1824:
870:
Can track (ray trace) a particle through arbitrary electromagnetic fields.
1967:
1586:
1666:
1646:
1282:
1545:
1533:
1321:
1016:
1360:
ELEGANT, a
Flexible SDDS Compliant Code for Accelerator Simulation
1133:
1677:
THE MULTIPARTICLE TRACKING CODES SBTRACK AND MBTRACK. R. Nagaoka,
1091:
2114:
AOC, A Beam Dynamics Code for Medical and Industrial Accelerators
1564:
1307:
1270:
1111:
226:
Reproduces PTC's unique beam line structures. Simulates X-rays.
2077:
1550:
1497:
1259:
1126:
451:
Other: beam-matter interactions, sliced-macroparticle tracking
1855:
1772:
1333:
1296:
999:(CSR). Codes that handle higher energy space charge include:
903:
788:
1630:
2024:
1065:
2060:
1920:
1445:
1400:
2103:
session on accelerator business opportunities at IPAC-17
1899:
1159:
List of codes from UCLA Particle Beam Physics Laboratory
1101:
Toolbox, one has available all the tools within Matlab.
1880:
1602:
1783:
1576:
SAMM, another Matlab based tracking code, at liv.ac.uk
1376:
264:
Arbitrary-order differential-algebraic transfer maps
906:) produced by the acceleration of charged particles.
1902:, Gitter drueber, fertig ist die Laube at gdfidl.de
1125:may be continued in a detector with a code such as
2092:R. W. Hamm and M. E. Hamm, Industrial Accelerators
1978:See references by N. Malitsky and Talman such as
1768:
1766:
1764:
1631:General Particle Tracer (GPT) from Pulsar Physics
991:At higher energies, space charge effects include
28:
2123:
1292:
1290:
1092:Lattice description and data interchange issues
1761:
1112:Codes in applications of particle accelerators
1033:
1287:
1865:
1863:
1890:, Computer Simulation Technology at cst.com
1317:
1315:
1141:calculation and x-ray propagation models.
1968:Description of AML and UAP at cornell.edu
1860:
1757:http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/896444
1755:TRANFT user's manual, BNL--77074-2006-IR
1312:
1066:Magnet and other hardware-modeling codes
601:LINAC including wakefields simulations.
1017:"Strong-strong" beam-beam effects codes
2124:
1944:"OPERA at magnet-design-software.com"
1932:CST Electromagnetic Studio at cst.com
1377:"MAD - Methodical Accelerator Design"
1371:
1369:
1340:
930:
1404:"Github Merlin-Collaboration/Merlin"
1326:
563:runs on laptops and on x 10k cores.
1598:Zgoubi home page at sourceforge.net
1283:https://github.com/carmignani/festa
13:
2037:"Spectra home page at riken.go.jp"
2025:McXTrace home page at mcxtrace.org
1366:
14:
2148:
1643:"IMPACT homepage at Berkeley Lab"
859:Weak-Strong Beam-Beam Interaction
188:For particle-matter simulations.
54:Weak-Strong Beam-Beam Interaction
875:Higher Energy Collective effects
60:Higher Energy Collective Effects
37:Major maintained codes include:
2107:
2096:
2085:
2065:
2054:
2029:
2018:
2007:
1996:
1985:
1972:
1961:
1936:
1925:
1914:
1905:
1893:
1874:
1849:
1817:
1806:from the original on 2022-01-20
1788:
1777:
1749:
1738:
1727:
1716:
1705:
1694:
1683:
1671:
1660:
1635:
1624:
1613:
1591:
1580:
1569:
1558:
1538:
1527:
1516:
1502:
1491:
1480:
1439:
1394:
1354:
1171:Comparison of Accelerator Codes
2137:Scientific simulation software
1921:COMSOL home page at comsol.com
1734:Synergia home page at fnal.gov
1487:OCELOT collaboration on GitHub
1301:
1275:
1264:
1253:
1242:
1211:
1193:
1183:
997:coherent synchrotron radiation
867:Electromagnetic Field Tracking
343:MAD8 and MAD-X (includes PTC)
57:Electromagnetic Field Tracking
29:Single particle dynamics codes
1:
2061:DAWN science platform website
1587:SixTrack home page at cern.ch
1176:
887:Synchrotron radiation effects
150:For space-charge simulations
63:Synchrotron Radiation Effects
7:
2073:"An Introduction to Ocelot"
2014:Shadow home page at esrf.eu
1690:ORBIT home page at ornl.gov
1249:libtracy at sourceforge.net
1152:
1034:Impedance computation codes
10:
2153:
1992:OpenPMD GitHub repository.
1870:ACE3P at slac.stanford.gov
1546:"GitHub - jceepf/fpp_book"
1510:"Home · Wiki · OPAL / SRC"
1205:December 13, 2012, at the
833:
413:Extensible, embeds LuaJIT
80:Accelerator Toolbox (AT),
1843:10.1016/j.jcp.2004.01.008
1534:Propaga GitHub repository
1200:the CERN CARE/HHH website
842:Tracking of a particle's
2003:SRW home page at esrf.eu
1856:ABCI home page at kek.jp
1825:"BeamBeam3D GitHub Repo"
45:Single Particle Dynamics
1565:SAD home page at kek.jp
1745:TraceWin at CEA Saclay
1468:Cite journal requires
1453:10.5281/zenodo.2598428
1427:Cite journal requires
1412:10.5281/zenodo.2598428
1260:AccelSoft Inc. website
1980:this manual from 2002
1701:PyORBIT Collaboration
1620:PIC solver at cst.com
1147:Ion Beam Applications
1122:synchrotron radiation
900:synchrotron radiation
898:Ability to track the
880:Intrabeam Scattering
193:Bmad (contains PTC)
18:particle accelerator
2132:Accelerator physics
2081:. 16 December 2021.
1609:Zgoubi Users' Guide
1078:COMSOL Multiphysics
993:Touschek scattering
22:Accelerator physics
1886:2018-07-29 at the
1796:"GUINEA-PIG Twiki"
1679:PAC '09 paper here
1164:2018-07-17 at the
931:Space charge codes
895:Radiation Tracking
66:Radiation Tracking
831:
830:
2144:
2116:
2111:
2105:
2100:
2094:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2069:
2063:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2039:. Archived from
2033:
2027:
2022:
2016:
2011:
2005:
2000:
1994:
1989:
1983:
1976:
1970:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1946:. Archived from
1940:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1918:
1912:
1911:T. Weiland, DESY
1909:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1878:
1872:
1867:
1858:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1828:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1792:
1786:
1781:
1775:
1770:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1742:
1736:
1731:
1725:
1720:
1714:
1709:
1703:
1698:
1692:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1645:. Archived from
1639:
1633:
1628:
1622:
1617:
1611:
1606:
1600:
1595:
1589:
1584:
1578:
1573:
1567:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1542:
1536:
1531:
1525:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1506:
1500:
1495:
1489:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1471:
1466:
1464:
1456:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1415:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1373:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1330:
1324:
1319:
1310:
1305:
1299:
1294:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1271:ATcollab website
1268:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1230:
1224:. Archived from
1223:
1215:
1209:
1197:
1191:
1187:
1118:particle physics
1081:CST Studio Suite
1052:CST Studio Suite
951:CST Studio Suite
938:particle-in-cell
40:
39:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2112:
2108:
2101:
2097:
2090:
2086:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2059:
2055:
2046:
2044:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2019:
2012:
2008:
2001:
1997:
1990:
1986:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1962:
1953:
1951:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1930:
1926:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1898:
1894:
1888:Wayback Machine
1879:
1875:
1868:
1861:
1854:
1850:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1809:
1807:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1782:
1778:
1771:
1762:
1754:
1750:
1743:
1739:
1732:
1728:
1723:PyHEADTAIL wiki
1721:
1717:
1710:
1706:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1684:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1661:
1652:
1650:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1629:
1625:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1603:
1596:
1592:
1585:
1581:
1574:
1570:
1563:
1559:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1532:
1528:
1521:
1517:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1481:
1469:
1467:
1458:
1457:
1444:
1440:
1428:
1426:
1417:
1416:
1399:
1395:
1386:
1384:
1375:
1374:
1367:
1359:
1355:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1288:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1265:
1258:
1254:
1247:
1243:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1207:Wayback Machine
1198:
1194:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1166:Wayback Machine
1155:
1149:is an example.
1114:
1094:
1068:
1036:
1019:
933:
836:
31:
12:
11:
5:
2150:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2118:
2117:
2106:
2095:
2084:
2064:
2053:
2028:
2017:
2006:
1995:
1984:
1971:
1960:
1935:
1924:
1913:
1904:
1892:
1873:
1859:
1848:
1816:
1787:
1776:
1773:VSim at Tech-X
1760:
1748:
1737:
1726:
1715:
1704:
1693:
1682:
1670:
1659:
1634:
1623:
1612:
1601:
1590:
1579:
1568:
1557:
1537:
1526:
1515:
1501:
1490:
1479:
1470:|journal=
1438:
1429:|journal=
1393:
1365:
1353:
1339:
1325:
1322:Bmad home page
1311:
1308:BDSIM Homepage
1300:
1297:ASTRA Homepage
1286:
1274:
1263:
1252:
1241:
1219:"user's guide"
1210:
1192:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1154:
1151:
1113:
1110:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
989:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
966:ORBIT, PyORBIT
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
932:
929:
928:
927:
924:
920:
919:
915:
908:
907:
896:
889:
888:
884:
883:
876:
872:
871:
868:
864:
863:
860:
856:
855:
852:
848:
847:
840:
835:
832:
829:
828:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
792:
791:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
751:
750:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
714:
713:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
677:
676:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
640:
639:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
603:
602:
599:
596:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
565:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
527:
526:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
490:
489:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
453:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
415:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
377:
376:
374:
371:
368:
365:
362:
359:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
340:
339:
337:
334:
331:
328:
325:
322:
319:
316:
313:
310:
307:
303:
302:
300:
297:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
279:
276:
273:
270:
266:
265:
262:
259:
256:
253:
250:
247:
244:
241:
238:
235:
232:
231:COSY INFINITY
228:
227:
224:
221:
218:
215:
212:
209:
206:
203:
200:
197:
194:
190:
189:
186:
183:
180:
177:
174:
171:
168:
165:
162:
159:
156:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
139:
136:
133:
130:
127:
124:
121:
118:
114:
113:
111:
108:
105:
102:
99:
96:
93:
90:
87:
84:
81:
77:
76:
73:
70:
67:
64:
61:
58:
55:
52:
49:
46:
43:
30:
27:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2149:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2115:
2110:
2104:
2099:
2093:
2088:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2057:
2043:on 2013-08-27
2042:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2021:
2015:
2010:
2004:
1999:
1993:
1988:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1964:
1950:on 2013-12-24
1949:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1928:
1922:
1917:
1908:
1901:
1896:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1877:
1871:
1866:
1864:
1857:
1852:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1835:J. Comp. Phys
1832:
1826:
1820:
1805:
1801:
1800:twiki.cern.ch
1797:
1791:
1785:
1780:
1774:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1741:
1735:
1730:
1724:
1719:
1713:
1712:OPAL homepage
1708:
1702:
1697:
1691:
1686:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1663:
1649:on 2015-04-16
1648:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1627:
1621:
1616:
1610:
1605:
1599:
1594:
1588:
1583:
1577:
1572:
1566:
1561:
1554:. 2019-02-06.
1553:
1552:
1547:
1541:
1535:
1530:
1524:
1523:PLACET manual
1519:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1494:
1488:
1483:
1475:
1462:
1454:
1450:
1442:
1434:
1421:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1397:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1370:
1363:
1357:
1349:
1343:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1318:
1316:
1309:
1304:
1298:
1293:
1291:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1267:
1261:
1256:
1250:
1245:
1231:on 2018-07-04
1227:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1196:
1186:
1182:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1150:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1109:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
1001:
1000:
998:
994:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
943:
942:
939:
925:
922:
921:
918:trajectories.
916:
913:
912:
911:
905:
901:
897:
894:
893:
892:
886:
885:
881:
877:
874:
873:
869:
866:
865:
861:
858:
857:
853:
850:
849:
845:
841:
839:Spin Tracking
838:
837:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
793:
790:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
604:
600:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
566:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
454:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
416:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
388:
385:
382:
379:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
345:
342:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
308:
305:
304:
301:
298:
295:
292:
289:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
271:
268:
267:
263:
260:
257:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
239:
236:
233:
230:
229:
225:
222:
219:
216:
213:
210:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
191:
187:
184:
181:
178:
175:
172:
169:
166:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
149:
146:
143:
140:
137:
134:
131:
128:
125:
122:
119:
116:
115:
112:
109:
106:
103:
100:
97:
94:
91:
88:
85:
82:
79:
78:
74:
71:
68:
65:
62:
59:
56:
53:
50:
48:Spin Tracking
47:
44:
42:
41:
38:
35:
26:
23:
19:
2109:
2098:
2087:
2076:
2067:
2056:
2045:. Retrieved
2041:the original
2031:
2020:
2009:
1998:
1987:
1974:
1963:
1952:. Retrieved
1948:the original
1938:
1927:
1916:
1907:
1895:
1876:
1851:
1834:
1819:
1808:. Retrieved
1799:
1790:
1779:
1751:
1740:
1729:
1718:
1707:
1696:
1685:
1673:
1662:
1651:. Retrieved
1647:the original
1637:
1626:
1615:
1604:
1593:
1582:
1571:
1560:
1549:
1540:
1529:
1518:
1504:
1493:
1482:
1461:cite journal
1441:
1420:cite journal
1396:
1385:. Retrieved
1380:
1356:
1342:
1328:
1303:
1277:
1266:
1255:
1244:
1233:. Retrieved
1226:the original
1213:
1195:
1185:
1143:
1138:x-ray optics
1131:
1115:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1069:
1037:
1020:
990:
934:
909:
890:
36:
32:
15:
1498:OPA website
851:Taylor Maps
787:Can run on
51:Taylor Maps
2126:Categories
2047:2013-11-15
1954:2013-11-15
1810:2020-07-03
1653:2015-04-09
1387:2020-09-09
1235:2013-11-16
1177:References
1029:BeamBeam3D
1026:GUINEA-PIG
972:PyHEADTAIL
923:Extensible
914:Wakefields
72:Extensible
69:Wakefields
16:A charged
1784:Warp wiki
1040:impedance
754:SixTrack
418:MERLIN++
1884:Archived
1837:. 2004.
1804:Archived
1362:software
1203:Archived
1162:Archived
1153:See also
1134:beamline
978:TraceWin
975:Synergia
902:(mainly
606:Propaga
306:Elegant
1348:"DYNAC"
1190:(1990).
1009:MaryLie
1006:ELEGANT
963:mbtrack
960:ImpactX
834:Columns
795:Zgoubi
568:PLACET
456:OCELOT
380:MAD-NG
2078:GitHub
1900:GdfidL
1551:GitHub
1334:"COSY"
1127:Geant4
1055:GdfidL
981:Tranft
957:IMPACT
904:X-rays
269:DYNAC
155:BDSIM
117:ASTRA
75:Notes
1229:(PDF)
1222:(PDF)
1084:OPERA
1075:ACE3P
1049:ACE3P
945:ASTRA
789:BOINC
717:SAMM
530:OPAL
1474:help
1433:help
1281:See
1120:and
1106:HDF5
1087:VSim
1061:VSim
1058:TBCI
1046:ABCI
1003:Bmad
995:and
987:Warp
984:VSim
969:OPAL
948:Bmad
844:spin
825:Yes
680:SAD
643:PTC
598:Yes
560:Yes
493:OPA
448:Yes
410:Yes
261:Yes
223:Yes
185:Yes
1881:CST
1839:doi
1449:doi
1408:doi
1012:SAD
954:GPT
816:Yes
810:Yes
801:Yes
798:Yes
784:No
766:Yes
763:Yes
757:Yes
723:Yes
720:Yes
707:Yes
701:Yes
698:Yes
692:Yes
683:Yes
673:Yes
658:Yes
655:Yes
652:Yes
649:Yes
646:Yes
636:Yes
609:Yes
595:Yes
589:Yes
586:Yes
571:Yes
557:Yes
548:Yes
545:Yes
539:Yes
533:Yes
496:Yes
486:Yes
483:Yes
480:Yes
477:Yes
474:Yes
459:Yes
445:Yes
424:Yes
421:Yes
401:Yes
392:Yes
389:Yes
383:Yes
364:Yes
355:Yes
352:Yes
346:Yes
333:Yes
327:Yes
324:Yes
321:Yes
309:Yes
299:No
272:Yes
246:Yes
240:Yes
237:Yes
234:Yes
220:Yes
217:Yes
214:Yes
211:Yes
208:Yes
205:Yes
202:Yes
199:Yes
196:Yes
170:Yes
158:Yes
147:No
144:Yes
135:Yes
132:Yes
120:Yes
110:Yes
98:Yes
86:Yes
83:Yes
2128::
2075:.
1862:^
1833:.
1802:.
1798:.
1763:^
1548:.
1465::
1463:}}
1459:{{
1424::
1422:}}
1418:{{
1406:.
1379:.
1368:^
1314:^
1289:^
1129:.
1108:.
822:No
819:No
813:No
807:No
804:No
781:No
778:No
775:No
772:No
769:No
760:No
747:No
744:No
741:No
738:No
735:No
732:No
729:No
726:No
710:No
704:No
695:No
689:No
686:No
670:No
667:No
664:No
661:No
633:No
630:No
627:No
624:No
621:No
618:No
615:No
612:No
592:No
583:No
580:No
577:No
574:No
554:No
551:No
542:No
536:No
523:No
520:No
517:No
514:No
511:No
508:No
505:No
502:No
499:No
471:No
468:No
465:No
462:No
442:No
439:No
436:No
433:No
430:No
427:No
407:No
404:No
398:No
395:No
386:No
373:No
370:No
367:No
361:No
358:No
349:No
336:No
330:No
318:No
315:No
312:No
296:No
293:No
290:No
287:No
284:No
281:No
278:No
275:No
258:No
255:No
252:No
249:No
243:No
182:No
179:No
176:No
173:No
167:No
164:No
161:No
141:No
138:No
129:No
126:No
123:No
107:No
104:No
101:No
95:No
92:No
89:No
2050:.
1982:.
1957:.
1845:.
1841::
1827:.
1813:.
1656:.
1512:.
1476:)
1472:(
1455:.
1451::
1435:)
1431:(
1414:.
1410::
1390:.
1350:.
1336:.
1238:.
846:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.