873:, the dean. A pro dean is usually a person with the task of assisting a dean and being the dean's deputy when he is absent. A vice dean has rather been given a special area of responsibility within a faculty, e.g. collaboration with the surrounding society or internationalization. Deans, pro deans and vice deans are commonly appointed by the rector after hearing the opinion of the lektors and professors. They usually serve with a time-limited mandate. Deans, pro deans and vice deans hold the rank of lektor or higher.
839:
appointed without the board of the university's recommendation. This, in turn, is based on the opinion of lektors, professors and students. A formal account of the hearing process, including aspects of equal opportunity, is part of the recommendation sent to the
Government. Vice-chancellor hold the rank of lektor or higher. The private colleges follow a very similar procedure, but with appointment being made either by Government or by the board itself.
658:
funding it is largely a teaching position. Coursework includes all levels, but lecturers do not necessarily act as examiners at the PhD level. As with professors, a promotion procedure can be applied for junior staff that qualify. Administrative or pedagogical skills can substitute for a lack in research work, if combined with long service. Today, almost all lecturer positions require a PhD degree. Depending on the university, qualification as
22:
347:
393:– An academic qualification that requires a PhD, and typically entails documented scientific independence via additional publications beyond those required for a PhD, teaching experience, and training in teaching and scientific mentorship. The title of Docent is typically a formal requirement for being a main supervisor for PhD students, and for serving as a member of an examination committee for evaluation of a
857:
varied widely between institutions. Responsibilities include, but are not limited to, Student's
Welfare, Education Quality, Off-Campus Programmes, Corporate Affairs, Information Technology and Internationalisation. Vice president usually hold the rank of lektor or higher, but again, this may vary between institutions.
856:
Several of the large universities have adopted an organization where vice president hold a specific office as the presidents's chargé d'affaires in a particular domain. The office of vice president is not proscribed in law. Procedures and requirements for election as well as missions have therefore
829:
There is also a structure that the ranks of administrative positions follow. These administrative positions form a hierarchy on top of all academics based on a managerial system called "new public management," so the administrators have all the power to make all the decisions from who will be hired
731:
Assistant professors can be lab and group leaders and usually carry independent research especially when have been given substantial grants. In some
Swedish institutions, however, the title has been used to circumvent restrictions on the time that such institutions can hire postdoctoral fellows and
400:
Professor – Requires a PhD degree, a strong publication record, proven teaching skills, and supervision as main supervisor of PhD students who have obtained PhDs. It is similar to a tenured, senior, full professor in the USA. The exception being
Professors of artistic subjects that can be appointed
838:
Most universities and colleges being state institutions, the vice-chancellor is appointed by
Government. The appointment is for six years, renewable for two times three years. However, while directors general of all other departments and authorities are parachuted from above, no vice-chancellor is
788:
An individual working to obtain a PhD degree; a PhD student. The
Faculty Board may not accept PhD students unless they can prove that the relevant finances are available to support the student. While employment as doktorand is unpopular with faculty for economical reasons, it is widely demanded by
657:
requires proven pedagogical and scientific skills, usually being understood as teaching experience during his PhD studies and successful defence of a PhD thesis. Although lecturers are typically promised a 50/50 partition between research and teaching, for those lecturers unable to find external
413:
In Sweden, academic ranks and their corresponding required skills in teaching and research are defined in the
University Law (SFS 1993:100) and the University Ordinance (SFS 1992:1434). The hiring of and promotion to the rank of professor is assessed in committee before being decided upon by the
582:
usually works on a part-time basis (typically less than 50%) and has their main employment elsewhere. As the positions are limited in duration, individuals are usually directly recruited without any competitive selection process. Despite the lack of competition, the formal requirements typical
881:
Most universities and colleges are subdivided into departments, headed by the prefekt and the department board or, sometimes, by the prefekt alone. Prefekts may be appointed by and report directly to the department board, the faculty board or the rector. There are no formal requirements for a
977:
Sörensen, J. S., & Olsson, E. J. (2017). Academic
Freedom and Its Enemies: Lessons from Sweden. In T. Halvorsen, H. Ibsen, H-C. Evans, & S. Penderis (Eds.), Knowledge for Justice: Critical Perspectives from Southern African-Nordic Research Partnerships (pp. 57-70). African
612:
is not an employment position, but rather a competency level ("habilitation") required to be the main supervisor of a doctoral student, or to serve as a member of the committee that assesses the defense of a PhD thesis. Through research and teaching experience, the
728:) which is a much more junior position that is common before the enrollment in the PhD education nor it should be taken as a position of assistance to someone else. In contrast, a forskarassistent is the first position of the institutional professorship ladder.
607:
requires a PhD and typically must have documented scientific independence in the form of additional publications beyond those required for a PhD, as well as teaching experience, and training in both teaching and scientific mentorship. The title
544:. However, the institution receives no extra funding for research work. Both unions and universities agree that this must change over time, but progress has been slow. While the professorship once was for life, it is now merely an employment. A
847:
The board of the university appoints a prorector for the university, who serves as acting rector during the rector's vacation, travels and other absences. The position is proscribed in law; prorektors usually hold the rank of lektor or higher.
397:. It is broadly equivalent to the title associate professor in the USA. In UK Docent is broadly equivalent to Reader or first lecturer. In Germany it is broadly equivalent Dr. Habil. In Denmark Docent is broadly equivalent to Dr. Phil.
454:
In general, the
Swedish system of academic ranks contains two intertwined career ladders; one based on teaching merits, the other based on research merits. The teaching ladder starts with adjunct instructor
578:
are all temporary professor positions used to solve the need for a certain competence or a managerial resource, often in collaboration with commercial industry, or the public health care system. An
740:
This is an academic title that entails a research education, typically involving publication of scientific articles and successful defense of a doctoral thesis. It is equivalent of a PhD degree.
633:
manages a group of PhD students or a subdivision of a research group. While once a formal position obtainable through an excellent grade on the PhD dissertation, today PhDs apply to be an unpaid
384:
Forskarassistent – A research position that requires a PhD, and is typically undertaken following a PhD in order to qualify as a Docent; similar to a non-tenured assistant professor in the USA.
555:
is removed from the general university legislation. It is instead delegated to the respective university and the local rules governing employment positions. Usually there is still a
381:
Doktor – An academic title that entails a research education, typically involving publication of scientific articles and successful defense of a doctoral thesis; equivalent of a PhD
748:
Adjunkt is a teaching position, often part-time, that requires at least a bachelor's degree, may require a master's degree, and does not require a PhD degree. It is similar to an
520:, but, since the 1990s, a second career path has been opened, allowing qualified lecturers to apply for promotion. A successful evaluation automatically confers the title of
532:
degree, a strong publication record, proven teaching skills, and have served as the main supervisor for PhD students who have successfully obtained their PhD. The title of
732:
thus are not necessarily related to their academic maturity, capability to undertake independent research or show any proof of ability to attract funds to their projects.
865:
While the internal organization of the higher education institutions are not regulated by law, most have opted to divide into faculties or areas headed by a board and a
434:). The assessment is based on the views of two or more external reviewers. Decisions are frequently appealed to the Appeals Board for Swedish Universities and Colleges (
506:
The
Swedish Government Official Report (SOU 2007:98) on Academic Career Pathways published in December 2007 proposed several changes to the here described structure.
953:
904:
1107:
801:
or doing other work for the department. Such work cannot exceed 20% of a full-time position, bringing the four year PhD programme to a total of five years.
259:
164:
387:
Lektor or Universitetslektor – A teaching position that requires a PhD; broadly similar to assistant professor in the USA and Senior Lecturer in the UK.
316:
793:
does not per se distinguish between those students who are employed and those benefiting from public or private grants. It is common to prolong the
374:
Adjunkt – A university teaching position, often part-time, that requires at least a bachelor's degree but does not require a PhD; similar to the
1126:
709:
A Postdoktor position usually entails working under the supervision of a senior researcher, such as forskarassistent, docent or professor.
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139:
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39:
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In Sweden only full Professors are referred to as Professors. All others are referred to by their academic rank or academic degree.
1033:
65:
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found in certain countries in Europe. The title is broadly equivalent to the level at which someone would be employed as an
662:
may be the required level of employment to participate in academic elections, as well as to stand for the offices of dean (
653:
This teaching position typically requires a PhD, and is similar to a tenured associate professor in the USA. A position as
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72:
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rank is most commonly used for retired professors, although there is no particular regulation prohibiting a
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The academic terminology for titles and positions at universities in Sweden includes the following:
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title for life, but if appointed to the rank of professor, the title is dropped as redundant.
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prefekt, but adjunkts who have been a prefekt usually hold a position as lektor or higher.
529:
989:
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8:
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438:). A similar procedure, albeit with different requirements, is used before the title of
1319:
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1192:
1154:
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is common at both universities and colleges, some universities are striving to upgrade
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may have teaching responsibilities at the undergraduate and masters levels. While the
706:) are usually time-limited positions allowing researchers to continue their research.
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in recognition of their level of academic competency. Individuals retain the
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may teach at all levels and be appointed by the faculty as opponent at a PhD
540:
promoted to their title enjoy most of the advantages of a directly appointed
475:), several years of one or more postdoctoral positions, assistant professor (
637:, meaning that they keep their current employment but are awarded the title
514:
Previously, only holders of a chair of an academic department had the title
1307:
1302:
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1011:
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time to perform or complete PhD studies, or by systematically replacing
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and in some cases to assistant professor in the USA, lecturer in the UK.
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coincide with the requirements necessary to be appointed as professor.
415:
498:
There are also official translations of the names of these positions.
1207:
1178:
1064:
516:
359:
21:
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or fired to who will teach what or who is allowed to do research.
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is an academic postdoctoral qualification, closely related to the
1275:
833:
390:
330:
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student organizations and acknowledge in law. The position as
567:
Tillförordnad professor / Adjungerad professor / Gästprofessor
852:
Vice-rektor, deputy vice-chancellor (GB), vice president (US)
563:
to be promoted, as the previous legislation was, is removed.
536:
in Sweden is similar to a senior, full professor in the USA.
551:
Since 1 January 2011 the individual right to be promoted to
677:
483:) equivalent to Senior Lecturer in the U.K., and ends with
479:) equivalent to Lecturer in the U.K., associate professor (
329:
This article describes the academic positions and ranks in
860:
524:. Regardless of the hiring mechanism, to qualify as a
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
990:"Svensk-engelsk ordbok för den högre utbildningen"
1337:
996:. The Swedish Council for Higher Education (UHR)
797:employment or scholarship period by teaching as
467:. The research ladder starts with PhD student (
442:, which can be awarded, or the employment of a
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418:official, usually the head of the department (
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310:
834:Rektor, vice-chancellor (GB), President (US)
495:), are tied to a given employment position.
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776:who have quit or retired with positions as
720:) should not be confused with the title of
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548:who resigns or is let go loses the title.
317:
303:
487:. All titles, except for the PhD degree (
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
954:"Svensk-engelsk ordbok - Högskoleverket"
905:"Svensk-engelsk ordbok - Högskoleverket"
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678:Postdoktor / Forskare / Forskarassistent
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355:This article may need to be cleaned up.
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861:Dekan, Dekanus, Pro dekan, vice dekan
621:, the right to teach. Accordingly, a
491:) and the associate professor title (
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118:Overview of academic ranks in Sweden
44:adding citations to reliable sources
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930:"Sweden, Academic Career Structure"
768:. This can be done by allowing the
572:Acting professor, adjunct professor
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1351:Education and training occupations
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436:Överklagandenämnden för Högskolan
401:without the requirement of a PhD.
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934:European University Institute
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674:is a position of employment.
666:) or head of the university (
430:) or head of the university (
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649:Lektor / Universitetslektor
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55:"Academic ranks in Sweden"
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688:post-doctoral researcher
357:It has been merged from
125:Academic ranks worldwide
1264:Distinguished professor
1243:Postdoctoral researcher
1042:Academic ranks overview
559:for promotion, but the
471:), continues with PhD (
1203:Senior research fellow
1298:Professor of practice
1079:North American system
825:Administrative ranks
40:improve this article
1356:Education in Sweden
1174:associate professor
1141:Commonwealth system
1098:Associate professor
1093:Assistant professor
821:after their title.
817:to add the letters
722:forskningsassistent
718:assistant professor
704:assistant professor
601:associate professor
1346:Academia in Sweden
1320:Teaching assistant
1233:Research associate
1228:Research assistant
1212:research professor
1193:Research assistant
1155:Associate lecturer
750:adjunct instructor
726:research assistant
576:visiting professor
376:adjunct instructor
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1122:Adjunct professor
580:adjunct professor
463:), and ends with
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752:in the USA. The
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502:Proposed changes
477:forskarassistent
360:Professor#Sweden
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96:December 2012
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29:This article
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1308:Head teacher
1303:Schoolmaster
1292:Privatdozent
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1281:Habilitation
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1085:Tenure track
1070:Tenure track
998:. Retrieved
993:
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962:. Retrieved
958:the original
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937:. Retrieved
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38:Please help
33:verification
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557:possibility
235:New Zealand
230:Netherlands
1340:Categories
1270:Agrégation
1259:Chancellor
1127:Instructor
1000:17 January
964:2012-04-12
939:2018-02-25
915:2012-04-12
886:References
696:researcher
684:postdoktor
538:Professors
416:university
409:Background
66:newspapers
1208:Professor
1179:Professor
843:Prorektor
795:doktorand
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553:professor
546:professor
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510:Professor
485:professor
469:doktorand
465:professor
140:Australia
135:Argentina
1160:Lecturer
1132:Lecturer
1048:Overview
811:emeritus
774:adjunkts
762:adjunkts
692:forskare
337:Overview
280:Thailand
260:Slovakia
245:Portugal
225:Malaysia
160:Colombia
1055:Faculty
877:Prefekt
871:dekanus
799:adjunkt
778:lektors
770:adjunkt
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758:adjunkt
754:adjunkt
744:Adjunkt
457:adjunkt
420:prefekt
195:Hungary
190:Germany
180:Finland
170:Denmark
80:scholar
1276:Docent
1170:Reader
978:Minds.
815:lektor
736:Doktor
672:lektor
668:rektor
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331:Sweden
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240:Norway
215:Jordan
205:Israel
185:France
150:Canada
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867:dekan
698:) or
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561:right
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270:Spain
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200:India
175:Egypt
155:China
87:JSTOR
73:books
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59:news
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