104:
313:
212:
20:
152:
259:, where the former has only one session at a time, while a multiple track meeting has several parallel sessions with speakers in separate rooms speaking at the same time. However, there are no commonly shared definitions even within disciplines for each event type. There might be no conceivable difference between a symposium, a congress or a conference.
202:
Because virtual or hybrid events allow people from different time zones to participate simultaneously, some will have to participate during their night-time. Some virtual conferences try to mitigate this issue by alternating their schedule in a way so that everyone has the chance to participate at
403:
is comprised in large parts by emissions caused by air travel. Few conferences enacted practices to reduce their environmental impact by 2017, despite guidelines being widely available: An analysis of academic conferences taking place in 2016 showed that only 4% of 116 conferences sampled offered
420:
In-person conferences suffer from a number of issues. Most importantly, they are fostering the existing social inequality in academia due to their inaccessibility for researchers from low income countries, researchers with care duties or researchers facing visa restrictions.
342:
The meeting is announced by way of a Call For Papers (CFP) or a Call For
Abstracts, which is sent to prospective presenters and explains how to submit their abstracts or papers. It describes the broad theme and lists the meeting's topics and formalities such as what kind of
378:
business model, which involves the creation of academic publications built around an exploitative business model that generally involves charging publication fees to authors without providing the editorial and publishing services associated with legitimate journals.
227:
are usually asked to submit a short abstract of their presentation, which will be reviewed before the presentation is accepted for the meeting. Some organizers, and therefore disciplines require presenters to submit a paper, which is
86:
archives, conferences provide an important channel for exchange of information between researchers. Further benefits of participating in academic conferences include learning effects in terms of presentation skills and "academic
373:
but which are exploitative as they do not provide proper editorial control over presentations, and advertising can include claims of involvement of prominent academics who are, in fact, uninvolved. They are an expansion of the
91:", receiving feedback from peers for one's own research, the possibility to engage in informal communication with peers about work opportunities and collaborations, and getting an overview of current research in one or more
144:(often, scholars of some standing, but sometimes individuals from outside academia). The keynote lecture is often longer, lasting sometimes up to an hour and a half, particularly if there are several keynote speakers on a
327:
Advanced technology for meeting with any yet unknown person in a conference is performed by active RFID that may indicate wilfully identified and relatively located upon approach via electronic tags.
1092:
Sarabipour, Sarvenaz; Khan, Aziz; Seah, Yu Fen
Samantha; Mwakilili, Aneth D.; Mumoki, Fiona N.; Sáez, Pablo J.; Schwessinger, Benjamin; Debat, Humberto J.; Mestrovic, Tomislav (March 2021).
335:
Conferences are usually organized either by a scientific society or by a group of researchers with a common interest. Larger meetings may be handled on behalf of the scientific society by a
681:
296:
the general conference, a conference with a wider focus, with sessions on a wide variety of topics. These conferences are often organized by regional, national, or international
324:
are being provided which exploit the potential of WiFi networks and mobile devices in order to enable remote participants to contribute to discussions and listen to ideas.
885:"Challenging the values of the polluter elite: A global consequentialist response to Evensen and Graham's (2022) 'The irreplaceable virtues of in-person conferences'"
554:"What are the social and scientific benefits of participating at academic conferences? Insights from a survey among doctoral students and postdocs in Germany"
399:
points out the "paradox of needing to fly to conferences" despite increased calls for sustainability by environmental scientists. The academic community's
233:
395:
Academic conferences are criticized for being environmentally unfriendly, due to the amount of airplane traffic generated by them. A correspondence on
239:
In some disciplines, such as
English and other languages, it is common for presenters to read from a prepared script. In other disciplines such as the
145:
594:
408:
options and only 9% of these conferences implemented any form of action to their reduce environmental impact. More conferences included the use of
625:
See e.g. Hohl, M., & Sweeting, B. (Eds.). (2015). Composing conferences. Special issue of
Constructivist Foundations, 11(1). Retrieved from
710:
689:
351:. A CFP is usually distributed using a mailing list or on specialized online services. Contributions are usually submitted using an online
103:
269:
At some conferences, social or entertainment activities such as tours and receptions can be part of the program. Business meetings for
195:
many conferences have either temporarily or permanently switched to a virtual or hybrid format. Some virtual conferences involve both
734:
196:
991:
Holden, Matthew H.; Butt, Nathalie; Chauvenet, Alienor; Plein, Michaela; Stringer, Martin; Chadès, Iadine (2017-08-07).
1057:
Achten, Wouter M. J.; Almeida, Joana; Muys, Bart (1 November 2013). "Carbon footprint of science: More than flying".
817:
784:
336:
774:
312:
243:, presenters usually base their talk around a visual presentation that displays key figures and research results.
1162:
441:
303:
the professional conference, large conferences not limited to academics but with academically related issues.
19:
471:
211:
251:
A large meeting will usually be called a conference, while a smaller is termed a workshop. They might be
759:
667:
266:
may set up displays. Large conferences also may have a career and job search and interview activities.
884:
638:
164:
992:
496:
171:
and workshops. Some conferences take more interactive formats, such as the participant driven "
24:
807:
370:
364:
191:(in-person and virtual). Conferences have traditionally been organized in-person. Since the
1066:
1007:
944:
516:
461:
451:
375:
321:
63:
8:
431:
263:
219:
designed for all attendees (shown here) or breakout sections designed for smaller groups.
92:
88:
1070:
1011:
948:
369:
Predatory conferences or predatory meetings are meetings set up to appear as legitimate
1133:
1039:
913:
859:
834:
578:
553:
526:
344:
79:
626:
1137:
1125:
1043:
1031:
1023:
970:
962:
917:
905:
864:
813:
780:
753:
661:
521:
506:
380:
192:
1115:
1105:
1074:
1015:
952:
897:
854:
846:
606:
573:
565:
511:
446:
409:
400:
352:
316:
Larger conferences may have exhibits and displays for participants between sessions
160:
75:
1078:
481:
476:
297:
270:
216:
151:
141:
115:. They tend to be short and concise, with a time span of about 10 to 30 minutes;
901:
1110:
1093:
711:"Oxford, Cambridge and Harvard Professors at the Alma Mater Europaea symposium"
682:"Oxford, Cambridge and Harvard Professors at the Alma Mater Europaea Symposium"
486:
278:
274:
168:
126:
1019:
850:
569:
384:
224:
199:
formats. For example, there is a mix of pre-recorded and live presentations.
1156:
1120:
1027:
966:
909:
405:
293:
the themed conference, small conferences organized around a particular topic;
184:
1129:
1035:
974:
188:
172:
116:
112:
868:
611:
491:
229:
183:
Academic conferences have been held in three general formats: in-person,
134:
155:
Panel discussions are intended to bring multiple perspectives on a topic
595:"Professional Association and Pathways to Leadership in Our Profession"
348:
120:
67:
957:
932:
466:
501:
456:
436:
83:
71:
531:
240:
130:
32:
776:
Conferences and
Conventions: a global industry by Tony Rogers
74:) to present and discuss their scholarly work. Together with
16:
Conference for researchers to present and discuss their work
1091:
993:"Academic conferences urgently need environmental policies"
735:"Cross-cultural & Multilingual Research Affinity Group"
289:
Academic conferences typically fall into three categories:
28:
933:"Paradox of flying to meetings to protect the environment"
990:
159:
In addition to presentations, conferences also feature
262:
The larger the conference, the more likely it is that
415:
835:"Fraud. Fraud at conferences needs to be addressed"
627:
http://www.univie.ac.at/constructivism/journal/11/1
347:or paper has to be submitted, to whom, and by what
300:, and held annually or on some other regular basis.
883:
387:are some of the conferences labeled as predatory.
1056:
1154:
739:American Association for Public Opinion Research
646:American Association for Public Opinion Research
281:can also be part of the conference activities.
107:Presentations form the core of most conferences
881:
809:Cybercrime: The Psychology of Online Offenders
1094:"Changing scientific meetings for the better"
125:. The work may be bundled in written form as
805:
882:Whitmarsh, Lorraine; Kreil, Agnes (2022).
1119:
1109:
956:
930:
858:
610:
577:
358:
311:
210:
150:
102:
18:
806:Kirwan, Gráinne; Power, Andrew (2013).
390:
1155:
772:
111:Conferences usually encompass various
986:
984:
832:
648:. Chaired by Mandy Sha. June 11, 2020
551:
175:" or various conversational formats.
890:Journal of Environmental Psychology
592:
13:
981:
741:. Chaired by Mandy Sha. 2022-05-26
140:Usually a conference will include
14:
1174:
1148:
619:
416:Critique of in-person conferences
337:Professional Conference Organiser
307:
206:
1085:
1050:
931:Grémillet, David (2008-10-30).
924:
875:
826:
552:Hauss, Kalle (7 October 2021).
330:
1000:Nature Ecology & Evolution
812:. Cambridge University Press.
799:
766:
727:
703:
688:. 10 July 2020. Archived from
674:
631:
586:
545:
1:
1079:10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.05.025
639:"75th Anniversary Conference"
538:
442:Category:Academic terminology
412:after the COVID-19 pandemic.
472:French mathematical seminars
353:abstract or paper management
236:or referees chosen by them.
197:asynchronous and synchronous
7:
902:10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101881
424:
98:
10:
1179:
1111:10.1038/s41562-021-01067-y
362:
264:academic publishing houses
119:are usually followed by a
1020:10.1038/s41559-017-0296-2
851:10.1136/bmj.317.7172.1590
779:. Butterworth-Heinemann.
593:Sha, Mandy (2019-05-14).
203:day time at least once.
178:
121:
284:
570:10.1093/reseval/rvaa018
497:Professional conference
385:SCIgen § In conferences
246:
1098:Nature Human Behaviour
758:: CS1 maint: others (
666:: CS1 maint: others (
371:scientific conferences
320:Increasing numbers of
317:
220:
156:
108:
35:
25:Opioid agonist therapy
1059:Ecological Indicators
773:Rogers, Tony (2003).
686:www.sloveniatimes.com
612:10.29115/SP-2018-0039
365:Predatory conferences
359:Predatory conferences
322:amplified conferences
315:
215:Presentations may be
214:
154:
106:
44:scientific conference
22:
1163:Academic conferences
517:Scientific community
462:Convention (meeting)
452:Bullying in academia
391:Environmental impact
376:predatory publishing
1071:2013EcInd..34..352A
1012:2017NatEE...1.1211H
949:2008Natur.455.1175G
558:Research Evaluation
432:Abstract management
167:on various issues,
80:scientific journals
40:academic conference
527:Scientific journal
345:abstract (summary)
318:
232:by members of the
221:
157:
133:as the conference
109:
36:
1121:20.500.12123/9396
833:Rymer, J (1998).
522:Scientific method
507:Scholarly article
381:BIT Life Sciences
298:learned societies
271:learned societies
234:program committee
193:COVID-19 pandemic
185:virtual or online
161:panel discussions
70:(not necessarily
1170:
1142:
1141:
1123:
1113:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1006:(9): 1211–1212.
997:
988:
979:
978:
960:
958:10.1038/4551175a
943:(7217): 1175–6.
928:
922:
921:
887:
879:
873:
872:
862:
830:
824:
823:
803:
797:
796:
794:
793:
770:
764:
763:
757:
749:
747:
746:
731:
725:
724:
722:
721:
707:
701:
700:
698:
697:
678:
672:
671:
665:
657:
655:
653:
643:
635:
629:
623:
617:
616:
614:
590:
584:
583:
581:
549:
512:Scholarly method
447:Academic writing
410:teleconferencing
401:carbon footprint
217:Plenary sessions
142:keynote speakers
123:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1145:
1090:
1086:
1055:
1051:
995:
989:
982:
929:
925:
880:
876:
831:
827:
820:
804:
800:
791:
789:
787:
771:
767:
751:
750:
744:
742:
733:
732:
728:
719:
717:
715:en.almamater.si
709:
708:
704:
695:
693:
680:
679:
675:
659:
658:
651:
649:
641:
637:
636:
632:
624:
620:
599:Survey Practice
591:
587:
550:
546:
541:
536:
482:Plenary session
477:Learned society
427:
418:
393:
367:
361:
333:
310:
287:
279:affinity groups
275:interest groups
249:
209:
181:
169:poster sessions
127:academic papers
101:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1176:
1166:
1165:
1150:
1149:External links
1147:
1144:
1143:
1104:(3): 296–300.
1084:
1049:
980:
923:
874:
845:(7172): 1591.
825:
818:
798:
785:
765:
726:
702:
673:
630:
618:
585:
564:(1): rvaa018.
543:
542:
540:
537:
535:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
487:Poster session
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
428:
426:
423:
417:
414:
392:
389:
363:Main article:
360:
357:
332:
329:
309:
308:Infrastructure
306:
305:
304:
301:
294:
286:
283:
257:multiple track
248:
245:
208:
205:
180:
177:
100:
97:
23:Conference on
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1175:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1088:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1053:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
994:
987:
985:
976:
972:
968:
964:
959:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
927:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
886:
878:
870:
866:
861:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
829:
821:
819:9781107276420
815:
811:
810:
802:
788:
786:9780750657471
782:
778:
777:
769:
761:
755:
740:
736:
730:
716:
712:
706:
692:on 2020-11-16
691:
687:
683:
677:
669:
663:
647:
640:
634:
628:
622:
613:
608:
604:
600:
596:
589:
580:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
548:
544:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
429:
422:
413:
411:
407:
406:carbon offset
402:
398:
388:
386:
382:
377:
372:
366:
356:
354:
350:
346:
340:
338:
328:
325:
323:
314:
302:
299:
295:
292:
291:
290:
282:
280:
276:
272:
267:
265:
260:
258:
254:
244:
242:
237:
235:
231:
230:peer reviewed
226:
218:
213:
207:Presentations
204:
200:
198:
194:
190:
186:
176:
174:
170:
166:
162:
153:
149:
147:
143:
138:
136:
132:
128:
124:
118:
117:presentations
114:
113:presentations
105:
96:
94:
90:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
34:
30:
26:
21:
1101:
1097:
1087:
1062:
1058:
1052:
1003:
999:
940:
936:
926:
893:
889:
877:
842:
838:
828:
808:
801:
790:. Retrieved
775:
768:
743:. Retrieved
738:
729:
718:. Retrieved
714:
705:
694:. Retrieved
690:the original
685:
676:
652:December 27,
650:. Retrieved
645:
633:
621:
602:
598:
588:
561:
557:
547:
419:
396:
394:
368:
341:
334:
331:Organization
326:
319:
288:
268:
261:
256:
253:single track
252:
250:
238:
223:Prospective
222:
201:
182:
173:unconference
165:round tables
158:
139:
110:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
37:
1065:: 352–355.
492:Proceedings
135:proceedings
93:disciplines
68:researchers
896:: 101881.
792:2012-07-13
745:2023-12-28
720:2020-10-27
696:2020-10-27
605:(1): 1–6.
539:References
397:Nature.com
225:presenters
122:discussion
1138:232242249
1044:205564331
1028:2397-334X
967:0028-0836
918:252586199
910:0272-4944
467:Education
355:service.
131:published
72:academics
52:symposium
1157:Category
1130:33723404
1036:29046545
975:18971997
754:cite web
662:cite web
502:Research
457:Congress
437:Academia
425:See also
349:deadline
339:or PCO.
241:sciences
99:Overview
84:preprint
76:academic
62:) is an
56:workshop
48:congress
1067:Bibcode
1008:Bibcode
945:Bibcode
869:9890770
860:1114400
579:7499794
532:Seminar
89:habitus
60:meeting
1136:
1128:
1042:
1034:
1026:
973:
965:
937:Nature
916:
908:
867:
857:
816:
783:
576:
189:hybrid
179:Format
46:(also
33:Norway
1134:S2CID
1040:S2CID
996:(PDF)
914:S2CID
642:(PDF)
285:Types
277:, or
146:panel
64:event
58:, or
1126:PMID
1032:PMID
1024:ISSN
971:PMID
963:ISSN
906:ISSN
865:PMID
814:ISBN
781:ISBN
760:link
668:link
654:2023
383:and
247:Size
187:and
129:and
82:and
66:for
29:Oslo
1116:hdl
1106:doi
1075:doi
1016:doi
953:doi
941:455
898:doi
855:PMC
847:doi
843:317
839:BMJ
607:doi
574:PMC
566:doi
255:or
78:or
42:or
38:An
27:in
1159::
1132:.
1124:.
1114:.
1100:.
1096:.
1073:.
1063:34
1061:.
1038:.
1030:.
1022:.
1014:.
1002:.
998:.
983:^
969:.
961:.
951:.
939:.
935:.
912:.
904:.
894:83
892:.
888:.
863:.
853:.
841:.
837:.
756:}}
752:{{
737:.
713:.
684:.
664:}}
660:{{
644:.
603:12
601:.
597:.
572:.
562:30
560:.
556:.
273:,
163:,
148:.
137:.
95:.
54:,
50:,
31:,
1140:.
1118::
1108::
1102:5
1081:.
1077::
1069::
1046:.
1018::
1010::
1004:1
977:.
955::
947::
920:.
900::
871:.
849::
822:.
795:.
762:)
748:.
723:.
699:.
670:)
656:.
615:.
609::
582:.
568::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_(34031793065).jpg)
.jpg)