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federal convention. Fortunately this can be determined by identification of the convening authority. A federal convention is one called and convened for the purpose of exercising a federal function under authority deriving directly from the United States
Constitution. Conversely, state legislatures only exercise federal functions when they apply to Congress for a convention to propose amendments or when they call a convention to ratify a proposed amendment submitted to the states by Congress. Otherwise conventions called and convened under authority deriving directly from a state's constitution, are limited to addressing the constitutional matters of that particular state alone.
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531:, was convened primarily to address issues of commerce between the states, but the agenda quickly became focused upon a wide range of deficiencies posed by the current frame of government. The convention ended with a resolution by Alexander Hamilton calling for a convention to amend the Articles of Confederation. Following Hamilton's suggestion, the
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as was the case with the
Annapolis Convention that ultimately led to the framing of the Constitution. Since ratification however, it has become widely understood that the Constitution recognizes the authority of states and state legislatures to appoint commissioners to these type of conventions,. Although any
925:
Despite this long history of conventions in the United States dating back well before the ratification of the
Constitution, confusion and controversy has emerged in recent decades. Perhaps, most prominent among them is the distinction between what constitutes a state convention and what constitutes a
893:
The
Delegates of the Philadelphia Convention chose state conventions instead of state legislatures as the bodies to consider ratification of the Constitution. They broadly believed that ratification by means of conventions would better represent the will of the People and this process "would make the
660:
Single state conventions may be called due to a provision of the state's constitution, by referendum, or in response to amendment proposal from
Congress. To date, there have been 233 state-level conventions in the history of the United States, all of which convened to revise or even entirely rewrite
603:
Prior to the ratification of the United States
Constitution, a convention of independent states would hold sovereign power over the Confederate Congress. However, most of these conventions were called by state legislatures to resolve boundary disputes; others were called for economic purposes; such
450:
Conventions in general enjoy a long history and rich tradition within the United States due in part to their epistemic, moral, and transformative nature. So much so that they have been stitched into the fabric of
American government. There is an abundance of case law, historical precedent, examples
874:
Article Five also provides that
Congress may choose among two modes of ratification, either by means of state legislatures or by state conventions. To date the state convention ratification mode was used by Congress just once, to ratify the
751:. In all, a total of thirty-one states were admitted to the union in this manner. In each and every case, under the authority derived directly from the federal constitution, Congress mandated an election of delegates with the passage of an
367:(Meetings, Incentives, Conferencing, Exhibitions) is widely used in Asia as a description of the industry. The Convention ("C") is one of the most dynamic elements in the M.I.C.E. segment. The industry is generally regulated under the
331:
conventions focus on issues of concern along with advancements related to the profession. Such conventions are generally organized by societies or communities dedicated to promotion of the topic of interest.
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435:
303:), in the sense of a meeting, is a gathering of individuals who meet at an arranged place and time in order to discuss or engage in some common interest. The most common conventions are based upon
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traditionally partake of the nature of both professional conventions and fan conventions, with the balance varying from one to another. Conventions also exist for various hobbies, such as
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692:
468:
595:. These early conventions argued for the abolition of slavery, equal educational opportunities, land reform, and the merits of emigration out of the United States.
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has identified nearly two hundred of these applications. Yet, this method of proposal remains elusive and has never occurred in the history of the United States.
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642:, may be called by the Governor as well, such was the case with a series of meetings from December 15, 1814, to January 5, 1815, collectively known as the
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through constitutions, or as a mechanism of redress to amend them. In fact, they have been instrumental to the nation's continued development into the
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is a classic example of a state-sponsored political convention. More often, organizations made up of smaller units, chapters, or lodges, such as
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to enjoy free of governmental interference of any kind. Throughout the history of the United States, conventions have served as a mechanism of
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which sat from
September 20, 1792, to October 26, 1795. The governing bodies of religious groups may also be called conventions, such as the
291:
Lecture during the summer meeting of the
Association of North German Surgeons in the Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania State Parliament building.
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1323:
Piecemal Amendment of the Constitution of New Mexico 1911 to 2006 Seventeenth Revision, January 2007, New Mexico Legislative Council Service
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do not yet have statutory provisions for conventions beyond their permanent legislature, state amendatory conventions , and conventions for
390:, meet as a whole in convention by sending delegates of the units to deliberate on the organization's common issues. This also applies to a
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mandated that the rebel states revise their constitutions by means of conventions of elected delegates, to include the ratification of the
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883:. As a result, many states have statutory provisions providing for the elections of delegates for future ratification conventions.
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new federal Constitution superior to any specific legislature." Thus the convention mode of ratification became enshrined within
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are called by political parties in the United States. They have been a permanent feature of the government since its founding.
591:. These conventions offered opportunities for free-born and formerly enslaved African Americans to organize and strategize for
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that ultimately culminated on May 29, 1790, with the final ratification which was provided by the State of Rhode Island.
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to call such a convention when thirty-four states have formally submitted to Congress, a joint resolution known as a
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explicitly providing for the election of delegates for a convention to propose amendments to the Constitution.
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their state constitutions. In each and everyone of these convention, delegates were elected to the Convention.
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359:, either by staff of the convention's hosting company or by outside specialists. Most large cities will have a
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of national, regional, and state conventions held irregularly during the decades preceding and following the
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and the Annual Convention for the Cleaning Equipment Trade Association for just two of countless examples.
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1224:"May 1787 the Beginning of the Constitutional Convention | In Custodia Legis: Law Librarians of Congress"
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begin on May 14, 1787, and ended on September 17, with a proposal for a new Constitution for the union.
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displays, and other information and activities of interest to the event organizers and attendees.
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called a convention “to render the constitution … adequate to the exigencies of the Union.” The
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One convention of particular note during this time was held between September 11–14, 1786 in
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Conventions are ubiquitous in the corporate sector and include the State Conventions of the
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of North America had united to form a wartime confederation of states. One characterized by
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In the technical sense, a convention is a meeting of delegates or representatives. The 1947
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Conventions are often planned and coordinated, often in exacting detail, by professional
1173:"On this day, the Articles of Confederation are approved - National Constitution Center"
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898:. The Constitution was eventually adopted per the provisions of Article Seven as the
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With the guarantee of deliberative assemblies as a mechanism of redress under the
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1275:"The Black Convention Movement and Black Politics in Nineteenth-Century America"
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of congressional intent, and Constitutional language, that demonstrate that the
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typically focus on a particular industry or industry segment, and feature
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Federal Conventions Under Article Four of The United States Constitution
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in a weak and decentralized central government headed by the unicameral
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Federal Conventions Under Article One of The United States Constitution
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2015:
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is a convention, as are most other houses of a modern representative
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1359:"Ratification of the U.S. Constitution: An Overview of the Process"
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848:, whereby delegates are elected in equal fashion to Members of the
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Wikimania 2006: Photo of some participants during the lunch break.
1090:"Getting to agreement: mechanisms of deliberative decision-making"
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Conventions Under Article Seven of The United States Constitution
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Conventions Under Article Five of The United States Constitution
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they may reach are subject to Congressional approval under the
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1055:(11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Da Capo Press. p. 7.
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deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
1410:"Leser v. Garnett, 258 U.S. 130 | Casetext Search + Citator"
410:, when it consists of representatives, is a convention. The
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1300:"Cleaning Equipment Trade Association | CETA | Membership"
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Congress has also frequently employed conventions for the
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Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution
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Confederate Conventions and the Founding of the Republic
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Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
568:. Collectively, these conventions directly led to the
1702:
MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, Exhibitions)
1177:
National Constitution Center – constitutioncenter.org
1334:"Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives"
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usually feature displays, shows, and sales based on
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Clerk of the United States House of Representatives
646:. The convention was called to address the ongoing
97:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2327:World Federation of Travel Journalists and Writers
2272:American Hotel & Lodging Educational Institute
709:, resulting in the states that once comprised the
612:. Examples of this form of convention include the
1363:Center for the Study of the American Constitution
867:
554:First Amendment to the United States Constitution
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920:Confusion Between State and Federal Conventions
896:Article Seven of the United States Constitution
799:Enabling Act of 1894, for the formation of Utah
838:Article Five of the United States Constitution
829:
749:Article Four of the United States Constitution
733:amendments to the United States Constitution.
436:General Convention of the Episcopal Church USA
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836:Among the most enigmatic of all conventions,
818:, for the admission of Arizona and New Mexico
182:The examples and perspective in this article
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16:Large gathering to discuss a common interest
929:
653:
562:Rochester Women's Rights Convention of 1848
487:Historical Conventions in the United States
363:dedicated to hosting such events. The term
271:is an international conference of users of
60:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2419:Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism
1453:
1439:
283:, which has been held annually since 2005.
2522:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists
2322:Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report
1113:
705:After the Civil War, Congress passed the
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598:
238:Learn how and when to remove this message
220:Learn how and when to remove this message
157:Learn how and when to remove this message
1272:
685:
671:
640:otherwise known as conventions of states
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1385:"The day the Constitution was ratified"
1087:
453:Federal Government of the United States
445:
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2267:American Hotel and Lodging Association
1273:Robinson, Stephen (October 18, 2018).
1075:
1051:Robert, Henry M.; et al. (2011).
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2312:South-East Asian Tourism Organisation
1434:
1053:Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised
543:Conventions under the US Constitution
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745:admission of new states to the Union
614:Yellowstone River Compact Commission
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95:adding citations to reliable sources
66:
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805:for the formation of Oklahoma from
693:Presidential nominating conventions
666:Corporate and Political Conventions
566:National Women's Rights Conventions
467:. As such, they are subject to the
13:
2006:Destination marketing organization
1088:Eriksen, Erik O. (November 2018).
755:; such as these notable examples:
516:, the precursor to the modern-day
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2490:Convention and exhibition centers
1198:"Annapolis Convention Resolution"
41:This article has multiple issues.
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2485:Cities by international visitors
2344:World Travel and Tourism Council
1152:George Washington's Mount Vernon
913:
846:Convention to propose amendments
680:National Association of Realtors
475:, providing a vehicle to secure
376:Newfoundland National Convention
173:
71:
30:
2527:World Heritage Sites by country
2307:Pacific Asia Travel Association
1402:
1377:
1351:
1326:
1317:
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1222:Wood, Margaret (May 26, 2016).
626:Delaware River Basin Commission
357:meeting and convention planners
257:Metro Toronto Convention Centre
82:needs additional citations for
49:or discuss these issues on the
2282:Caribbean Tourism Organization
1906:Hospitality management studies
1811:Visiting friends and relatives
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1215:
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1165:
1140:
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1069:
1044:
869:State Ratification Conventions
840:provides for the calling of a
1:
2368:Akwaaba African Travel Market
2292:Historical Archive on Tourism
1037:
775:, for the formation of Nevada
711:Confederate States of America
514:Congress of the Confederation
459:, wherever they may arise in
2439:Tourism improvement district
1389:National Constitution Center
618:Red River Compact Commission
581:Colored Conventions Movement
402:chairman. In this technical
7:
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1253:Colored Conventions Project
955:
844:, more commonly known as a
831:Federal Proposal Convention
440:Southern Baptist Convention
388:fraternities and sororities
342:Science fiction conventions
196:, discuss the issue on the
10:
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2332:World Tourism Organization
2287:European Travel Commission
944:of proposals to amend the
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2406:
2357:
2252:
2214:
1988:
1846:
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1202:Teaching American History
1106:10.1017/S175297191800009X
842:constitutional convention
548:Notable Civic Conventions
502:Articles of Confederation
106:"Convention" meeting
2414:Heritage commodification
2262:American Bus Association
931:Lacunae in Statutory Law
908:Ratification Conventions
655:Single State Conventions
638:Interstate conventions,
481:representative democracy
422:or just "Convention" in
412:British House of Commons
900:Supreme Law of the Land
781:, for the formation of
762:, for the formation of
558:Seneca Falls Convention
537:Philadelphia Convention
465:deliberative assemblies
340:and guest celebrities.
2586:Conventions (meetings)
2337:World Tourism rankings
2277:BEST Education Network
1148:"Annapolis Convention"
967:Annual general meeting
850:United States Congress
633:Interstate Conventions
622:Colorado River Compact
599:Interstate Commissions
292:
284:
260:
2373:Arabian Travel Market
687:Political Conventions
673:Corporate Conventions
574:woman's right to vote
290:
266:
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2383:Festival del Viaggio
2349:World Travel Monitor
2001:Convention (meeting)
1848:Hospitality industry
1094:International Theory
816:Enabling Act of 1910
803:Enabling Act of 1906
779:Enabling Act of 1889
773:Enabling Act of 1864
760:Enabling Act of 1802
533:Confederate Congress
529:Annapolis Convention
518:United States Senate
510:state representation
498:Confederation period
469:rights of the People
455:formally recognizes
446:In the United States
392:political convention
281:Wikimedia Foundation
202:create a new article
194:improve this article
91:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
2460:Adjectival tourisms
2378:Cruise of the Kings
2297:Life Beyond Tourism
2076:Roadside attraction
962:Academic conference
768:Northwest Territory
713:being divided into
707:Reconstruction Acts
644:Hartford Convention
525:Annapolis, Maryland
420:National Convention
2517:Passenger airlines
2424:Impacts of tourism
2254:Trade associations
2229:Outdoor literature
2121:Tourist attraction
2066:Perpetual traveler
1078:, pp. 600–601
936:Nearly all of the
807:Oklahoma Territory
715:military districts
589:American Civil War
461:constitutional law
384:honorary societies
293:
285:
261:
2573:
2572:
2398:World Tourism Day
2216:Travel literature
2181:Travel technology
2106:Tourism geography
1866:Convention center
1856:Bed and breakfast
1717:Recreational drug
1062:978-0-306-82020-5
982:Convention center
858:state application
361:convention center
317:Trade conventions
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2239:Travel magazines
2234:Tourism journals
2166:Travel insurance
2111:Tourism minister
2091:Tour bus service
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1365:. March 31, 2021
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719:Acts of Congress
506:British colonies
463:, as short-term
430:and legislative
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2161:Travel document
2156:Travel behavior
2126:Tourist gateway
2051:Journey planner
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1876:Destination spa
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860:. To date, the
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2226:
2220:
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2212:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2206:Visitor center
2203:
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2196:Travel website
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2191:Travel warning
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2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
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2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2116:Tourism region
2113:
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2073:
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2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1992:
1990:
1986:
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1982:
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1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
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1943:Referral chain
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1545:Archaeological
1537:
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1100:(3): 374–408.
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593:racial justice
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428:constitutional
426:comprised the
369:tourism sector
246:
245:
228:
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188:of the subject
186:worldwide view
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79:
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65:
39:
38:
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2596:Social events
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2498:
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2475:Casino hotels
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2317:Tourism Radio
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2151:Travel agency
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2101:Tour operator
2099:
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2046:Hypermobility
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2032:
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2017:
2014:
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2011:Escorted tour
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1997:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1978:
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1971:
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1671:
1670:International
1668:
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950:no state laws
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911:
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526:
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504:, the former
503:
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484:
483:it is today.
482:
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477:public rights
474:
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398:candidate or
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108: –
107:
103:
102:Find sources:
96:
92:
86:
85:
80:This article
78:
74:
69:
68:
63:
61:
54:
53:
48:
47:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
2495:Cruise lines
2470:Bibliography
2131:Tourist trap
2056:Package tour
2021:Factory tour
2000:
1996:College tour
1675:Volunteering
1623:Experiential
1417:. Retrieved
1414:casetext.com
1413:
1404:
1392:. Retrieved
1388:
1379:
1367:. Retrieved
1362:
1353:
1341:. Retrieved
1337:
1328:
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1307:. Retrieved
1303:
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1282:. Retrieved
1278:
1268:
1256:. Retrieved
1252:
1243:
1231:. Retrieved
1227:
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1205:. Retrieved
1201:
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1180:. Retrieved
1176:
1167:
1155:. Retrieved
1151:
1142:
1097:
1093:
1083:
1071:
1052:
1046:
948:. There are
946:Constitution
942:ratification
941:
935:
930:
924:
919:
892:
887:
879:which ended
873:
868:
853:
835:
830:
823:
787:South Dakota
783:North Dakota
753:enabling act
742:
737:
704:
699:
691:
686:
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672:
665:
659:
654:
639:
637:
632:
602:
578:
551:
522:
509:
495:
456:
449:
380:labor unions
373:
354:
329:Professional
300:
296:
294:
259:, late 2004.
249:
234:
216:
207:
183:
153:
144:
134:
127:
120:
113:
101:
89:Please help
84:verification
81:
57:
50:
44:
43:Please help
40:
2565:WikiProject
2465:Attractions
2444:Tourist tax
2434:Overtourism
2359:Trade fairs
2186:Travel visa
1989:Terminology
1891:Guest ranch
1886:Guest house
1871:Cruise ship
1796:Sustainable
1577:Pop-culture
1503:Backpacking
1493:Alternative
1488:Agritourism
1115:10852/65307
1076:Robert 2011
881:prohibition
648:War of 1812
572:securing a
496:During the
457:conventions
416:legislature
338:pop culture
210:August 2023
147:August 2017
2580:Categories
2393:ITB Berlin
2361:and events
2244:Wikivoyage
2224:Guide book
2096:Tour guide
2086:Staycation
2031:Grand Tour
1980:Restaurant
1881:Front desk
1747:Pilgrimage
1665:Industrial
1660:Geotourism
1611:Ecotourism
1533:Enotourism
1508:Beachgoing
1478:Accessible
1038:References
1027:Convention
902:through a
795:Washington
727:fourteenth
723:thirteenth
624:, and the
606:agreements
564:, and the
500:under the
323:speakers,
309:profession
297:convention
275:and other
117:newspapers
46:improve it
21:Convention
2141:Transport
2071:Road trip
2041:Honeymoon
2026:Gift shop
2016:Excursion
1732:Christian
1727:Religious
1712:Orphanage
1643:Genealogy
1594:Holocaust
1560:Bookstore
1483:Adventure
1132:149819546
1124:1752-9719
1007:Symposium
854:obligated
766:from the
731:fifteenth
273:Knowledge
269:Wikimania
198:talk page
52:talk page
2591:Meetings
2545:Category
2302:Musement
2201:Vacation
2081:Souvenir
2061:Passport
1901:Homestay
1896:Heuhotel
1821:Wildlife
1816:Wellness
1707:Nautical
1653:Identity
1648:Heritage
1606:Domestic
1589:Disaster
1555:Literary
1540:Cultural
1528:Culinary
1523:Business
1032:Congress
1017:Workshop
987:Delegate
956:See also
717:. These
438:and the
432:assembly
408:congress
305:industry
277:projects
192:You may
2555:Commons
2505:Largest
2480:Casinos
2036:Holiday
1963:Seaside
1938:Pension
1921:Manager
1806:Virtual
1764:Sensory
1759:Science
1697:Medical
1687:Justice
1633:Fashion
1628:Extreme
1565:Tolkien
1462:Tourism
1419:May 12,
1394:May 11,
1369:May 12,
1343:May 12,
1309:May 12,
1284:May 12,
1258:May 12,
1233:May 11,
1207:May 11,
1182:May 11,
1157:May 11,
1012:Seminar
791:Montana
321:keynote
131:scholar
2512:Motels
2500:Hotels
2407:Issues
2146:Travel
2136:Touron
1958:Island
1948:Resort
1911:Hostel
1826:Safari
1791:Sports
1742:Kosher
1682:Jungle
1638:Garden
1498:Atomic
1130:
1122:
1059:
1002:Summit
977:Caucus
904:series
793:, and
747:under
729:, and
585:series
583:was a
560:, the
527:. The
424:France
418:. The
386:, and
346:gaming
325:vendor
313:fandom
311:, and
133:
126:
119:
112:
104:
2453:Lists
2388:FITUR
1953:Hotel
1933:Motel
1916:Hotel
1831:Scuba
1801:Urban
1784:Lunar
1779:Space
1774:Smart
1754:Rural
1737:Halal
1616:Shark
1572:Music
1518:Birth
1470:Types
1279:AAIHS
1128:S2CID
1022:Event
997:Forum
404:sense
400:party
396:party
301:event
200:, or
138:JSTOR
124:books
1973:Town
1838:Yoga
1769:Slum
1692:LGBT
1584:Dark
1550:Film
1421:2022
1396:2022
1371:2022
1345:2022
1311:2022
1304:Ceta
1286:2022
1260:2022
1235:2022
1209:2022
1184:2022
1159:2022
1120:ISSN
1057:ISBN
809:and
764:Ohio
579:The
406:, a
365:MICE
299:(or
110:news
1968:Ski
1928:Inn
1722:Red
1599:War
1110:hdl
1102:doi
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93:by
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235:(
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217:(
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208:(
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160:)
154:(
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145:(
135:·
128:·
121:·
114:·
87:.
62:)
58:(
23:.
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