Blackwater (company)

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overseas. Eventually, the CIA realized that a large number of civilian contractors would be needed overseas to accomplish its broad goals. The federal government turned to Blackwater for assistance. Jamie Smith and his deputy David Phillips recruited, vetted and hired a 21-man team. This team was then trained and deployed on a Top Secret project to provide protection for CIA personnel and facilities in Afghanistan. Jamie Smith and Erik Prince deployed with the team to Afghanistan. The two then deployed to the Pakistani border as a two-man element providing security assistance in one of the most dangerous places in the country at the time. Prince stayed there for one week and was in Afghanistan for a total of two weeks, leaving Smith and the remainder of the team to continue to carry out the mission.

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military law, the Uniform Code of Military Justice, was changed in 2006, and appears to now exempt State Department contractors that provide security escorts for a civilian agency. Prosecution under civilian law would be through the Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act, which allows the extension of federal law to civilians supporting military operations; however, according to the deputy assistant attorney general in the Justice Department's criminal division, Robert Litt, trying a criminal case in federal court would require a secure chain of evidence, with police securing the crime scene immediately, while evidence gathered by Iraqi investigators would be regarded as suspect.

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shootings of 17 Iraqi civilians. Immediately afterwards, the Iraqi government approved a draft law to end any and all immunity for foreign military contractors in Iraq, to overturn Order 17. The U.S. Department of Justice also said any immunity deals offered to Blackwater employees were invalid, as the department that issued them had no authority to do so. It is unclear what legal status Blackwater Worldwide operates under in the U.S. and other countries, or what protection the U.S. extends to Blackwater Worldwide's operations globally. A number of Iraqi families took Blackwater to court over alleged "random killings committed by private Blackwater guards".

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stop after the shooting. An investigation by the State Department's Diplomatic Security Service concluded that the shooting was not justified and that the Blackwater employees provided false statements to investigators. The statements claimed that one of the Blackwater vehicles had been hit by insurgent gunfire, but the investigation concluded that one of the Blackwater guards had actually fired into his own vehicle by accident. John Frese, the U.S. embassy in Iraq's top security official, declined to punish Blackwater or the security guards because he believed any disciplinary actions would lower the morale of the Blackwater contractors.

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Blackwater-protected convoy was ambushed in downtown Baghdad. The following incident occurred when an Iraqi vehicle drove too close to a convoy. However, according to incident testimony, the Blackwater guards tried to wave off the driver, shouted, fired a warning shot into the car's radiator, finally shooting into the car's windshield. On May 30, 2007, Blackwater employees shot an Iraqi civilian said to have been "driving too close" to a State Department convoy that was being escorted by Blackwater contractors. Following the incident, the Iraqi government allowed Blackwater to provide security by operating within the streets of Iraq.

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open the possibility that insurgents also fired at the victims. In a 2010 interview, Erik Prince, the company's founder, said the government is looking for dirt to support what he dismissed as "baseless" accusations that run the gamut from negligence, racial discrimination, prostitution, wrongful death, murder, and the smuggling of weapons into Iraq in dog-food containers. He pointed out that current and former executives have been regularly deposed by federal agencies. Prince argued in September 2007 that there was a "rush to judgment" about Blackwater, due to "inaccurate information.”

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Filipinos, and Chileans "have been hired for tasks ranging from airport security to protecting Paul Bremer, the head of the Coalition Provisional Authority." Between 2005 and September 2007, Blackwater security staff were involved in 195 shooting incidents; in 163 of those cases, Blackwater personnel fired first. Erik Prince points out that the company followed the orders of United States government officials, who frequently put his men in harm's way. Many of the shootings occurred after drivers in vehicles failed to stop when ordered by Blackwater guards.

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and wrote a scathing review of the lax standards to which Blackwater was held accountable, only two weeks before a serious Blackwater incident in which 17 Iraqi civilians were shot and killed by Blackwater employees under questionable circumstances. The death threat incident was confirmed by a second investigator, a Mr. Thomas, who was also present at the meeting. The shooting incident that followed has been described by some as a "watershed" moment, and a factor which contributed to Iraq's later decision to refuse to allow U.S. troops to stay beyond 2011.

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accused Blackwater employees of murder, weapons smuggling, money laundering, tax evasion, and child prostitution. Two affidavits filed as part of the suit by former employees accuse Blackwater of encouraging the murder of Iraqi civilians, and of murdering or having murdered employees who intended to testify against the company. The lawsuit was ultimately settled confidentially in 2010, with plaintiffs accepting cash payments from the company.

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in the country. In November 2006, Blackwater USA announced it acquired an 80-acre (32 ha) facility 150 mi (240 km) west of Chicago, in Mount Carroll, Illinois, to be called Blackwater North. That facility has been operational since April 2007 and serves law enforcement agencies throughout the Midwest. The training facility has since been renamed Impact Training Center and then again renamed Hollow Training Center.

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international training at Blackwater. "We interdict. The NIU surgically goes after shipments going to Iran or Pakistan. We provide training to set up roadblocks, identify where drug lords are, and act so as not to impact the community." In 2008, about 16 Blackwater personnel were in Afghanistan at any given time to support DoD and DEA efforts at training facilities around the country. Blackwater is also involved in mentoring

1562:, a Blackwater employee at the time, of killing him while drunk. Moonen was subsequently fired by Blackwater for "violating alcohol and firearm policy", and travelled from Iraq to the United States days after the incident. The DOJ investigated and announced in 2010 that they were declining to prosecute Moonen, citing a likely affirmative defense of self-defense and high standards for initiating such a prosecution. The 1885: 1777:. The families said they were suing not for financial damages, but for the details of their sons' and husbands' deaths, saying that Blackwater had refused to supply these details, and that in its "zeal to exploit this unexpected market for private security men," the company "showed a callous disregard for the safety of its employees." On February 7, 2007, four family members testified in front of the 1227:, and employs soldiers for off-shore security work through its affiliate Satelles Solutions, Inc. Their web site advertises their ability to provide "personnel from the best militaries throughout the world" for worldwide deployment. Tasks can be from very small scale up major operations to "facilitate large scale stability operations requiring large numbers of people to assist in securing a region". 1481:, hundreds of Shiite militia forces barraged Blackwater contractors, four MPs and a Marine gunner with rocket-propelled grenades and AK-47 fire for hours before U.S. Special Forces troops arrived. As supplies and ammunition ran low, a team of Blackwater contractors 70 miles (113 km) away flew to the compound to resupply and bring an injured U.S. Marine back to safety outside of the city. 626: 1676:

Hill, Erik Prince disputed this figure, saying that it costs money for the government to train a soldier, to house and feed them, they don't just come prepared to fight. "That sergeant doesn't show up naked and untrained," Prince stated. Moreover, he pointed out that Blackwater's employees are trained in special operations and exceed the capabilities of the average soldier.

1580:, callsign "Jester" from 1/26 Infantry, 1st Infantry Division. Three insurgents claimed to be responsible for shooting down the helicopter, although this has not been confirmed by the United States. A U.S. defense official has confirmed that four of the five killed were shot execution style in the back of the head, but did not know whether the four had survived the crash. 1391:, the largest American embassy in the world. It is estimated by the Pentagon and company representatives that there are 20,000 to 30,000 armed security contractors working in Iraq, and some estimates are as high as 100,000, though no official figures exist. Of the State Department's dependence on private contractors like Blackwater for security purposes, 1344:

dollars were spent on planning and training, but it was never put into operation and no militants were caught or captured. Manzetti notes that it was unknown "whether the C.I.A. had planned to use the contractors to actually capture or kill Al Qaeda operatives, or just to help with training and surveillance in the program."

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Department of Homeland Security to protect government facilities, but the company held contracts with private clients as well. Overall, Blackwater had a "visible, and financially lucrative, presence in the immediate aftermath of Hurricane Katrina as the use of the company contractors cost U.S. taxpayers $ 240,000 a day."

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In August 2010, the company agreed to pay a $ 42 million fine to settle allegations that it unlawfully provided armaments and military equipment overseas. However, the company is still allowed to accept government contracts. The settlement and fine conclude a U.S. State Department investigation

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in October 2007. The new legislation, H.R.2740 - the MEJA Expansion and Enforcement Act of 2007, expanded the original scope to MEJA to encompass all security contractors working overseas, not only those working under the Department of Defense. This subsequently led to the prosecution by U.S. courts

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In 2006, a car accident occurred in the Baghdad Green Zone when an SUV driven by Blackwater USA contractors crashed into a U.S. Army Humvee. "The colonel ... said the Blackwater guards disarmed the soldiers and forced them to lie on the ground at gunpoint until they could disentangle their vehicles."

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On February 16, 2005, four Blackwater guards escorting a U.S. State Department convoy in Iraq fired 70 rounds into a car. The guards stated that they felt threatened when the driver ignored orders to stop as he approached the convoy. The fate of the car's driver was unknown because the convoy did not

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By 2003, the ground war in Iraq changed into a diplomatic mission, demanding hundreds of diplomats and State Department employees. The government traditionally handles its own security, but it lacked the staff for high-risk protection details. Therefore, a different type of protection was needed, and

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USTC's primary training facility, located on 7,000 acres (28 km) in northeastern North Carolina, comprises several ranges, indoor, outdoor, urban reproductions, a man-made lake, and a driving track in Camden and Currituck counties. Company literature says that it is the largest training facility

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The Iraqi government announced that Blackwater must leave Iraq as soon as a joint Iraqi–U.S. committee finishes drafting the new guidelines on private contractors under the current Iraqi–U.S. security agreement. On January 31, 2009, the U.S. State Department notified Blackwater that the agency would

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announced new rules for Blackwater's armed guards operating in Iraq. Under the new guidelines, State Department security agents will accompany all Blackwater units operating in and around Baghdad. The State Department will also install video surveillance equipment in all Blackwater armored vehicles,

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On August 21, 2007, Blackwater Manager Daniel Carroll threatened to kill Jean Richter, a U.S. State Department Investigator, in Iraq. In June 2014, a New York Times investigation reported that it had secured an internal State Department memo stating this. Richter later returned from Iraq to the U.S.

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A merger between Triple Canopy and Academi, along with other companies that were part of the Constellis Group package, are now all gathered under the Constellis Holdings, Inc. umbrella. The transaction brings together an array of security companies including Triple Canopy, Constellis Ltd., Strategic

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had been "whisked out of the country" after the shooting death of the vice-presidential guard, he replied, "We can't flog him, we can't incarcerate him." When asked by a member of Congress for financial information about his company, Prince declined to provide documentation, saying "we're a private

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officials. The license was reinstated by the American government in April 2008, but in early 2009 the Iraqis announced that they had refused to extend that license. In 2009, FBI investigators were unable to match the bullets from the shooting to those guns carried by Blackwater contractors, leaving

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program, one withheld from Congressional oversight. Manzetti's sources, which tied the program to Blackwater, declined to have their names made public. The CIA was acting on a 2001 presidential legal pronouncement, known as a finding, which authorized the CIA to pursue such efforts. Several million

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Aviation Worldwide Services was purchased for $ 200 million in 2010 by AAR Corp., an Illinois company. In a letter released on February 8, 2011, the new owners informed state officials that they are shutting down the Moyock, North Carolina, operation and moving some employees to a new business

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On July 21, 2008, Blackwater Worldwide stated that it would shift resources away from security contracting because of the extensive risks in that sector. Said company founder and CEO Erik Prince, "The experience we've had would certainly be a disincentive to any other companies that want to step in

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For work in Iraq, the company has drawn contractors from their international pool of professionals, a database containing "21,000 former Special Forces operatives, soldiers, and retired law enforcement agents," overall. For instance, Gary Jackson, the firm's president, has confirmed that Bosnians,

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of 17 Iraqi civilians and the injury of 20 more by Blackwater convoy guards in a Baghdad traffic circle in September 2007, charges were brought against five guards. One pleaded guilty to a lesser offense in exchange for his testimony for the prosecution. Three were eventually convicted in October

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In August 2012, the company agreed to pay $ 7.5 million in fines, without admitting guilt, to the U.S. government to settle various charges involving pre-Academi personnel. February 2013, the majority of the remaining charges were dropped when it was shown that, in many cases, the Blackwater

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On September 23, 2007, the Iraqi government said that it expects to refer criminal charges to its courts in connection with the Blackwater shootings. However, on October 29, 2007, immunity from prosecution was granted by the U.S. State Department, delaying a criminal inquiry into the September 16

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Regardless of these developments, Xe defended its work in Iraq. A company spokeswoman stated: "When the US government initially asked for our help to assist with an immediate need to protect Americans in Iraq, we answered the call and performed well. We are proud of our success – no-one under our

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Prince announced his resignation as CEO on March 2, 2009. He remained as chairman of the board but was no longer involved in day-to-day operations. Joseph Yorio was named as the new president and CEO, replacing Gary Jackson as president and Prince as CEO. Danielle Esposito was named the new chief

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2014 of 14 manslaughter charges and in April 2015 sentenced to 30 years plus one day in prison. These sentences were deemed unfair upon appeal and these three await resentencing. Another was convicted of murder and sentenced to life in prison; however, this verdict was overturned in August 2017.

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questioned the cost-effectiveness of using Blackwater forces instead of U.S. troops. Blackwater charges the government $ 1,222 per day per guard, "equivalent to $ 445,000 per year, or six times more than the cost of an equivalent U.S. soldier," the report alleged. During his testimony on Capitol

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In June 2009, an amended lawsuit was filed in U.S. District Court in Alexandria, Virginia, alleging that Blackwater employees shot and killed three members of an Iraqi family, including a nine-year-old boy, who were traveling from the Baghdad airport to Baghdad on July 1, 2007. The suit further

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in Baghdad, which left 17 Iraqis dead and stoked bitter resentment against the United States. The officials said that the Justice Department's fraud section opened the inquiry late in 2009 to determine whether Blackwater employees violated a federal law banning American corporations from paying

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Blackwater USA has also been contracted by various foreign governments. The DEA and DoD counternarcotics program is supported by Blackwater Worldwide in Afghanistan as well. "Blackwater is involved on DoD side" of the counter-narcotics program in Afghanistan says Jeff Gibson, vice president for

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In 2010, Xe was acquired by USTC Holdings, an investor consortium, who sought to further re-brand the company. The sale formally ended Erik Prince's operational and management role in the company. Xe was officially renamed "Academi" in 2011. Academi's Board of Directors included former Attorney

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In May 2006, the U.S. State Department awarded WPPS II, the successor to its previous diplomatic security contract. Under this contract, the State Department awarded Blackwater, along with Triple Canopy and DynCorp, a contract for diplomatic security in Iraq. Under this contract, Blackwater was

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Jeremy Scahill has claimed that Blackwater Security Company (BSC) was the brainchild of Jamie Smith, a former CIA officer who became vice president of Blackwater USA and the founding director of Blackwater Security Company, holding both positions simultaneously. However, this claim is denied by

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Legal specialists say that the U.S. government is unlikely to allow a trial in the Iraqi courts, because there is little confidence that trials would be fair. Contractors accused of crimes abroad could be tried in the United States under either military or civilian law; however, the applicable

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According to a company press release, Blackwater provided airlift, security, logistics, and transportation services, as well as humanitarian support. Blackwater moved about 200 personnel into the area hit by Hurricane Katrina, most of whom (164 employees) were working under a contract with the

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Before 2001, tier-one contractors, or former members of elite, special forces units, were hired from a small pool of applicants. After the September 11 attacks, Cofer Black, the former head of counter terrorism at the CIA, requested that the federal government hire more contractors to operate

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Academi provides and maintains a "shoot house" system and patented the BEAR multi-target training system that was designed and developed by the company. Blackwater Target Systems company was managed by Jim Dehart and the company was largely responsible for keeping Blackwater Training Center

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found that Blackwater intentionally "delayed and impeded" investigations into the contractors' deaths. The report also acknowledges that members of the now-defunct Iraqi Civil Defense Corps "led the team into the ambush, facilitated blocking positions to prevent the team's escape, and then

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officials in drug interdiction and counter narcotics. As Richard Douglas, a deputy assistant secretary of defense, explained, "The fact is, we use Blackwater to do a lot of our training of counternarcotics police in Afghanistan. I have to say that Blackwater has done a very good job." The

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Academi (then Blackwater USA) was one of five companies picked in September 2007 by the Department of Defense Counter-Narcotics Technology Program Office in a five-year contract for equipment, material and services in support of counter-narcotics activities. The contract is worth up to $

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in November 2009 that Blackwater operated alongside the CIA in Pakistan in "snatch and grab" operations targeting senior members of the Taliban and Al Qaeda. The report cited an unnamed source who has worked on covert U.S. military programs, who revealed that senior members of the Obama

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company, and there's a key word there – private." Later he stated that the company could provide it at a future date if questions were submitted in writing. When the term "mercenaries" was used to describe Blackwater employees, Prince objected, characterizing them as "loyal Americans."

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In late May 2007, Blackwater contractors opened fire on the streets of Baghdad twice in two days, one of the incidents provoking a standoff between the security contractors and Iraqi Interior Ministry commandos, according to U.S. and Iraqi officials. The first incident occurred when a

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and defense contractors. Blackwater then countersued the lawyer representing the empty estates of the deceased for $ 10 million on the grounds the lawsuit was contractually prohibited from ever being filed. In January 2011, U.S. district judge James C. Fox dismissed the suit.

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On September 1, 2005, following Hurricane Katrina, Blackwater dispatched a rescue team and helicopter to support relief operations. Blackwater moved about 200 personnel into the area impacted by Hurricane Katrina, most of whom (164 employees) were working under a contract with the

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pardoned four former Blackwater contractors serving long prison terms: Nicholas Slatten, Paul Slough, Evan Liberty and Dustin Heard. The pardons do not establish innocence; however, they were criticised, both in the U.S. and in Iraq, as condoning killing of innocent civilians.

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Prince and Blackwater executive Gary Jackson, who describe firing Smith from his position as a low-level administrator for "non-performance" after a thirty-day contract. Smith has been accused of further embellishing his military and contracting record to defraud investors at

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The Blackwater Lodge and Training Center officially opened on May 15, 1998, with a 6,000-acre (2,400 ha), $ 6.5 million facility headed by Robert Anderson. It comprises several ranges: indoor, outdoor, urban reproductions; an artificial lake; and a driving track in

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In February 2009, Blackwater announced that it would be once again renamed, this time to "Xe Services LLC", as part of a company-wide restructuring plan, intended to re-focus the company on its logistics, aviation and training aspects, rather than its security operations.

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On January 31, 2010, three current and former U.S. government officials confirmed the Justice Department is investigating whether officials of Blackwater Worldwide tried to bribe Iraqi government officials in hopes of retaining the firm's security work in Iraq after the

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employees had been acting under the orders of the U.S. government. Once the court decision had been finalized, Academi pointed out that "he court decision involves former Blackwater executives, none of whom have ever worked for ACADEMI or the current ownership."

1528:. Many Iraqis at the scene said that the guards had not fired on the Justice Ministry. The U.S. State Department said, however, that their actions "fell within approved rules governing the use of force" based on information obtained from Blackwater guards. 1384:. Since June 2004, Blackwater has been paid more than $ 320 million out of a $ 1 billion, five-year State Department budget for the Worldwide Personal Protective Service, which protects U.S. officials and some foreign officials in conflict zones. 830:

United States Training Center (USTC, formerly Blackwater Training Center) offers tactics and weapons training to military, government, and law enforcement agencies. USTC also offers several open-enrollment courses periodically throughout the year, from

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Blackwater Security Consulting (BSC) was formed as a Delaware LLC in December 2001 and was the brainchild of Jamie Smith, a former CIA officer who was the Founding Director as well as acting Vice President of Blackwater USA. The company, based in

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told the U.S. Senate: "There is simply no way at all that the State Department's Bureau of Diplomatic Security could ever have enough full-time personnel to staff the security function in Iraq. There is no alternative except through contracts."

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of some U.S. military contractors, but only for incidents involving attacks on U.S. nationals. The legal status of Blackwater and other security firms in Iraq was a subject of contention. Two days before he left Iraq, L. Paul Bremer signed "

7375:, Chapter 7, "The Dog Track and the Swamp", which chronicles Pelton's visits to Blackwater training facilities, one of which is a dog track, Chapter 8, "Running the Gauntlet", and Chapter 11, "The Lord and the Prince", partly about 585:, Blackwater made at least three deliveries of food, water, personal hygiene products and generator fuel to 300 residents near the proposed training site, many of whom had been trapped for days without supplies. They also set up a " 1406:

According to former CIA director Michael Hayden, Blackwater, among other security contractors, were allowed to perform waterboarding on suspects. Leaks in 2009 suggest CIA - Blackwater contracts to assassinate al-Qaida leaders.

5328: 565:, California, located 45 miles (72 km) east of San Diego, for military and law enforcement training. The opening had faced heavy opposition from local residents, residents of nearby San Diego, local Congressmember 733:

mercenaries from Blackwater and their commander U.S. Colonel Nicolas Petras were killed in Yemen in an attack by Yemeni forces on January 31 with another Tochka missile that impacted a gathering of the Saudi forces at

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authorized to have 1,020 staff in Iraq. Blackwater's responsibilities included the United States embassy in Iraq. At the time it was a privately held company and published limited information about internal affairs.

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In May 2011, Academi named Ted Wright as CEO. Wright hired Suzanne Rich Folsom as Academi's chief regulatory and compliance officer and deputy general counsel. The Academi Regulatory and Compliance team won

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ambushed two SUVs, killing the four armed Blackwater contractors inside. Local residents hung the charred bodies above a bridge across the Euphrates. In response, U.S. Marines attacked the city in

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administration may not be aware that Blackwater is operating under a U.S. contract in Pakistan. A spokesman for Blackwater denied the claims, stating that they have "only one employee in Pakistan."

2227: 4359: 1624:, to help Prince prepare for his testimony at the hearing. Robert Tappan, a former U.S. State Department official who worked for the Coalition Provisional Authority in Baghdad, was one of the 1212:

location in Melbourne, Florida. Some 260 staff are affected with about 50 losing their jobs, beginning at the end of February. The company views the aviation division as a growth opportunity.

441:, and insurance companies. Overall, the company received over US$ 1 billion in U.S. government contracts. The company consisted of nine divisions and a subsidiary, Blackwater Vehicles. 577:, noise pollution, and opposition to the actions of Blackwater in Iraq. In response, Brian Bonfiglio, project manager for Blackwater West, said: "There will be no explosives training and no 7308: 6986: 1715:

On January 30, 2009, the State Department told Blackwater Worldwide that it will not renew its contract in Iraq. However, in 2010 it was awarded a $ 100 million contract from the CIA.

6963: 2145: 7746: 7387: 6909: 3545: 6239: 3228: 6553: 1809:. Three soldiers and three civilian crew members aboard the plane were killed. Several relatives of the victims filed a wrongful death lawsuit against Presidential in October 2005. 342:, to provide training support to military and law enforcement organizations. In explaining its purpose, Prince stated: "We are trying to do for the national security apparatus what 2010:

Gielink, Dirk; Buitenhuis, Maarten; Moelker, René (2007). "No Contractors on the Battlefield: The Dutch Military's Reluctance to Outsource". In Thomas Jäger, Gerhard Kümmel (ed.).

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to protect government facilities, but the company held contracts with private clients as well. Blackwater's presence after Katrina cost the federal government $ 240,000 per day.

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mercenaries reported by local media to be employed by Academi were killed in Yemen. The mercenaries were being led by an Australian commander believed to have been hired by the

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on August 19, 2009, reported that the CIA had hired Blackwater "as part of a secret program to locate and assassinate top operatives of Al Qaeda." Newly appointed CIA director

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was the mastermind behind the attack, and he was captured after a Navy SEAL special operation in 2009. al-Isawi was ultimately handed over to Iraqi authorities for trial and

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in early 2005 provided the first Cougar Security Vehicle (SV) to Blackwater USA for use as a transport vehicle for U.S. Provisional Coalition Authority officials in Baghdad.

2865: 7371:. Extensive material on Blackwater in Prologue and Chapter 2, "The New Breed", Chapter 5, "The Blackwater Bridge", Chapter 6, "Under Siege", which discusses Blackwater at 1830:, alleged that Blackwater had engaged in war crimes, created a "culture of lawlessness", and routinely deployed employees who used steroids and other psychoactive drugs. 1524:

On February 6, 2006, a sniper employed by Blackwater Worldwide opened fire from the roof of the Iraqi Justice Ministry, killing three guards working for the state-funded

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In 2010, Greystone was acquired by current management. Greystone now operates as a standalone, management owned provider of protective support services and training.

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Blackwater would provide the solution. Blackwater's founder, Erik Prince, says that "not one State Department employee was killed while we were protecting them".

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and will keep recordings of all radio communications between Blackwater convoys in Iraq and the military and civilian agencies that supervise their activities.

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The company was started to help train SEALS for combat. However, in the aftermath of 9/11, civilian security teams were needed by the United States Military.

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was vice president of intelligence until January 2007, when he formed Total Intelligence Solutions. He was formerly the head of the CIA's Near East Division.

7815: 7242: 5844: 3749: 7810: 5122: 5497: 3431: 2224: 1988: 4534: 6646: 5438: 486:, and Israel. The contract applied for two years and expired on June 6, 2006. It authorized 482 personnel, and Blackwater received $ 488m for its work. 294:

Constellis and its predecessors provide contract security services to the United States federal government. Since 2003, it has provided services to the

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as a contractor for the United States government. In 2003, Blackwater attained its first high-profile contract when it received a $ 21 million

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indicates that the Iraqi government still has no authority over private security firms contracted by the U.S. government. On October 5, 2007, the

609:, Blackwater USA began the process of changing its name to Blackwater Worldwide and unveiled a new logo. The change deemphasized the "cross hair" 5572: 4917: 917: 554:, called Impact Training Center. This facility has been operational since April 2007 and serves law enforcement agencies throughout the Midwest. 411: 6955: 6445: 4508: 4436: 3137: 2149: 7630: 6934: 6890: 6391: 5231: 4823: 4237: 2914: 1908: 532:

from December 2002 to November 2004. After leaving public service, Black became chairman of the privately owned intelligence-gathering company

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Social, Tidewater Global Services, National Strategic Protective Services, ACADEMI Training Center and International Development Solutions.

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In November 2006, Blackwater USA announced that it had acquired an 80-acre (32 ha) facility 120 miles (190 km) west of Chicago in

7800: 5726: 2945: 2555: 2044: 7593:: documentary film directed and written by Nick Bicanic. The only film with footage of Blackwater employees training and operating in Iraq 4178: 3251: 4482: 3459: 1746:

reported on March 17, 2009, that the U.S. State Department had extended its Iraq security contract with Blackwater's air operations arm,

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on behalf of an injured Iraqi and the families of three of the 17 Iraqis killed by Blackwater employees during the September 16, 2007,

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counties. The company says it is the largest training facility in the country. The concept was not a financial success but was kept

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under the Bureau of Diplomatic Security's Worldwide Personal Protective Services (WPPS) and WPPS II umbrella contracts, along with

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In his testimony before Congress, Prince said his company has a lack of remedies to deal with employee misdeeds. When asked why

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On November 27, 2004, an aircraft operated by Presidential Airways and owned by its sister company, Blackwater AWS, crashed in

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following the controversy related to Blackwater's conduct in Iraq and Afghanistan. Blackwater hired the public relations firm

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contracted USTC to provide "intelligence analyst support and material procurement" for NATO in the ongoing Afghan drug war.

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in which Blackwater contractors were later convicted of killing 17 Iraqi civilians. The deaths occurred while a Blackwater

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In 2007, the U.S. government investigated whether Blackwater employees smuggled weapons into Iraq. No charges were filed.

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bribes to foreign officials. In 2012 the Department of Justice closed the investigation without filing any charges.

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ARTICLE: Blackwater employees create a stir in New Orleans (The Virginian-Pilot – HamptonRoads.com/PilotOnline.com)

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In March 2006, Cofer Black, vice chairman of Blackwater USA, allegedly suggested at an international conference in

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and 11 foreign commanders of Blackwater on January 17 as well as other material losses. Also in 2016, two hundred

6877: 6786: (UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF NORTH CAROLINA NORTHERN DIVISION April 20, 2007), 6216: 6190: 5818: 4085: 2976: 1693: 1377: 1081: 710: 361:. There he created his private training facility and his contracting company, Blackwater, which he named for the 5752: 5494: 5114: 4668: 1712:

panel recommended that Xe should be dropped as the main private security contractor for U.S. diplomats in Iraq.

589:" for evacuees. On March 7, 2008, Blackwater withdrew its application to set up a facility in San Diego County. 3571:"Blackwater's US Colonel Killed, Saudi Apache Helicopters Destroyed in Yemen's Tochka Missile Attacks in Lahij" 3435: 1747: 1697: 1617: 1563: 1416: 1326:

size (3,000–5,000) for humanitarian efforts and low-intensity conflicts. The company denies making this claim.

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A staff report compiled by the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform on behalf of Representative

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maintenance. As of January 2008, STI Aviation appears to have been folded into AWS, along with Air Quest.

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of 2010 argue that Blackwater employees committed serious abuses in Iraq, including killing civilians.

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to guard officials and installations, train Iraq's new army and police, and provide other support for

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Pelton, Robert Young: "Licensed to kill, hired guns in the war on terror," Crown, August 29, 2006.

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The Iraqi Government revoked Blackwater's license to operate in Iraq on September 17, 2007, after

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Shooters take part in firearms training held at the U.S. Training Center in Moyock, North Carolina

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Aviation Worldwide Services (AWS) was founded by Richard Pere and Tim Childrey, and was based at

551: 513: 17: 7596: 5722: 4925: 2562: 1503:(PSD) was escorting a convoy of U.S. State Department vehicles en route to a meeting in western 455:

In August 2003, Blackwater received its first Iraq contract, a $ 21 million contract for a

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of employees' lives, and that federal legislation be drawn up to govern contracts between the

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On April 21, 2005, six Blackwater USA independent contractors were killed in Iraq when their

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in 2011, after it was acquired by a group of private investors. In 2014, Academi merged with

113: 6093: 5928:"Growing Use of Contractors Added to Iraq War's Chaos – Iraq War Logs – WikiLeaks Documents" 5783: 4042: 2369:

Civilian Warriors: The Inside Story of Blackwater and the Unsung Heroes of the War on Terror

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Civilian Warriors: The Inside Story of Blackwater and the Unsung Heroes of the War on Terror

1322:, Jordan, that the company was ready to move towards providing security professionals up to 1296:

awarded Academi a $ 250 million contract to work for the U.S. State Department and the

406:

clearance to protect the CIA headquarters and another base that was responsible for hunting

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Silverstein, Ken (September 22, 2007). "Revolving Door to Blackwater Causes Alarm at CIA".

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Many of Blackwater's tactical and training aircraft are registered to Blackwater affiliate

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Blackwater tried to open an 824-acre (3.33 km) training facility three miles north of

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to protect government facilities, as well as by private clients, including communications,

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Londono, Ernesto and Qais Mizher, "Iraq To Deny New License To Blackwater Security Firm",

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and the American government immunity from Iraqi law. A July 2007 report from the American

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helicopters used by Blackwater Security Consulting in Iraq are also operated through AWS.

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Blackwater showing off new training ship at Nauticus | HamptonRoads.com | PilotOnline.com

3570: 2077: 1826: 1633: 1525: 1116: 992: 832: 791: 652: 569:, and environmentalist and anti-war organizations. Opposition focused on a potential for 558: 529: 479: 358: 4760: 3405: 1073:, U.S. It owned and operated three subsidiaries: STI Aviation, Inc. Air Quest, Inc. and 7185: 6683: 6603: 6334: 6289: 6053: 5173: 3668: 3028: 2236: 1903: 1806: 1331: 1132: 1070: 1062: 867: 350: 7478:

Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, United States House of Representatives,

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by Richard Lardner, the Associated Press, October 5, 2007. Retrieved April 13, 2008.

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helicopter was shot down on Baghdad's Haifa Street. The crash site was secured by a

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resulting in the death of over 120 mercenaries, including 55 Saudi (9 officers), 11

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and Blackwater USA had attempted to keep his identity secret for security reasons.

1559: 1555: 1340: 1279: 871: 859: 735: 562: 525: 156: 6787: 6413: 4137: 3726: 2588:"Private Security Contractors in Iraq: Background, Legal Status, and Other Issues" 2012:

Private Military and Security Companies: Chances, Problems, Pitfalls and Prospects

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Erik Prince intended Greystone to be used for peacekeeping missions in areas like

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Law enforcement training, logistics, close quarter training, and security services

7243:"Ex-Blackwater contractor gets murder conviction tossed by federal appeals court" 6938: 6811: 6704:), "Blackwater Guards Still At Work In Iraq Despite Lacking License To Operate", 6599: 6449: 6312: 6285: 6281: 6262: 6256:

House Passes Bill That Would Hike Penalties for U.S. Security Contractors in Iraq

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In 2012, retired Brigadier General Craig Nixon was named the new CEO of Academi.

660: 407: 227: 7270:"Trump pardons ex-campaign aide, Blackwater contractors and disgraced lawmakers" 4798: 4556: 3905:

Private Security Contractors in Iraq: Background, Legal Status, and Other Issues

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Five Blackwater contractors were killed on January 23, 2007, in Iraq when their

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In late September 2007, Presidential Airways received a $ 92m contract from the

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financially solvent until the creation of Blackwater Security Company by Smith.

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Think Progress » Pentagon Issues Blackwater New $ 92 million Contract

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Greystone had planned to open a training facility on the former grounds of the

962: 781: 597: 474:'s Worldwide Personal Protective Services (WPPS) umbrella contract, along with 339: 98: 6223:, The Associated Press, October 2, 2007 By: RICHARD LARDNER and ANNE FLAHERTY. 6170: 3945: 2225:"Ex-Blackwater Guards Sentenced to Prison in 2007 Killings of Iraqi Civilians" 1057: 815:"United States Training Center" redirects here. For US Olympics campuses, see 410:. Blackwater was one of several private security firms employed following the 7769: 7093: 7023: 6932:

Family members of slain Iraqis sue Blackwater USA for deadly Baghdad shooting

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by Richard Lardner, the Associated Press, October 5, 2007, 5:17 pm, in

5600:"Blackwater Is Soaked: An arrogant attitude only adds fuel to the criticism" 5255:"Navy SEALS tragedy in Afghanistan chronicled in new film, "Lone Survivors"" 1636:, the Washington law firms representing Blackwater. BKSH, a self-described " 1142:

for air transportation in Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan and Uzbekistan.

7338: 6187: 3971: 3512:"Industry Talk: ACADEMI And Triple Canopy Merge Under Constellis Holdings!" 2211: 1934: 1925: 1855: 1689: 1672: 1395: 1336: 966: 847: 776: 314: 7436: 7411: 5814: 5748: 2200:"U.S. Jury convicts Blackwater guards in 2007 killings of Iraqi civilians" 1115:

A CASA 212 aircraft, tail number N960BW, operated by Presidential Airways

509:, the company's vice-chairman from 2006 through 2008, was director of the 353:, a vast swamp on the North Carolina–Virginia border that is now mostly a 7668: 7658: 7653: 7376: 6753:"FCPA Probe of Company Formerly Known as Blackwater Ends Without Charges" 6462: 4111: 2630:. United States House of Representatives. October 1, 2007. Archived from 1794: 1648:, was also a client), is headed by Charlie Black, a prominent Republican 1308: 1288: 1120: 1035: 765: 664: 506: 460: 448: 335: 272: 109: 31: 6639:"Iraqis speak of random killings committed by private Blackwater guards" 3997: 2561:. United States House of Representatives. March 12, 2004. Archived from 1543:

gunners. Initial reports indicated that the helicopter was shot down by

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In 2006, Blackwater was awarded a contract to protect diplomats for the

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from 1970 until her decommissioning in 2003. The ship is home-ported in

6956:"Abtan, et al. v. Prince, et al. and Albazzaz, et al. v. Prince, et al" 4587:"The Terrifying Background of the Man Who Ran a CIA Assassination Unit" 1782: 1637: 1625: 1573: 1350: 1304: 1303:

In 2005, Blackwater worked to train the Naval Sea Commando regiment of

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where military operations would need to take place to establish peace.

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for the purpose of providing protective services in Iraq, Afghanistan,

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by Richard Lardner, the Associated Press, October 5, 2007 7:37 PDT in

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and was one of over sixty private security firms employed during the

268: 1773:, Blackwater was sued by the families of four contractors killed in 1554:

On December 24, 2006, a security guard of the Iraqi vice president,

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Master of War: Blackwater USA's Erik Prince and the Business of War

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McElhatton, Jim, "New Deal For Blackwater Bucks Baghdad Decision",

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Blackwater USA Completes Acquisition of Aviation Worldwide Services

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Former Blackwater Security Firm Gets New Leaders in Image Makeover

2657:"blackwaterusa.com - blackwaterusa Resources and Information" 651:, former White House Counsel and Vice Presidential Chief of Staff 57: 5196:

Operation Phantom Fury: The Assault and Capture of Fallujah, Iraq

4043:"Blackwater Reveals Underpinnings of 'Private Security' Industry" 2148:(Press release). Constellis Holdings. PR Newswire. Archived from 1504: 1471: 1430: 1323: 1154: 933: 862:

units. In the past, it has trained Greek security forces for the

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