291:. A proposed explanation is the continuity model of human consciousness. This model proposes that people who are prone to vivid and unusual experiences during the day, such as fantasy and daydreaming, will tend to have vivid and memorable dream content, and hence will be more likely to remember their dreams.
210:
A core feature of absorption is an experience of focused attention wherein: "objects of absorbed attention acquire an importance and intimacy that are normally reserved for the self and may, therefore, acquire a temporary self-like quality. These object identifications have mystical overtones." This
149:
have suggested that the fantasy, aesthetics, and feelings facets of the NEO PI-R Openness to
Experience scale are closely related to absorption and predict hypnotisability, whereas the remaining three facet scales of ideas, actions, and values are largely unrelated to these constructs. Absorption is
274:
when viewing vast landscapes, art exhibitions, and other potentially awe-inducing things. Given these findings on spiritual experiences, placebo god helmets, and awe, the authors of a 2019 research paper suggest that higher levels of absorption may give individuals a greater "talent" for "experienc
227:
found that absorption had the largest effect of all the psychological variables assessed on the intensity of individual experiences of altered states of consciousness. Absorption was strongly associated with overall consciousness alteration and with mystical-type experiences and visual effects
211:
capacity for focused attention facilitates the experience of altered states of consciousness. In addition to individual differences in hypnotizability, absorption is associated with differential responses to other procedures for inducing altered states of consciousness, including
110:
A 1991 study by Glisky et al. concluded that responsiveness to the engaging or inductive stimuli subscales of the TAS were more strongly related to hypnotisability than were imagistic thought, episodes of expanded awareness, or absorption in thoughts and imaginings.
72:
Absorption is most commonly measured by the
Tellegen Absorption Scale (TAS). Several versions of this scale are available, the most recent being by Graham Jamieson, who provides a copy of his modified scale. The TAS comprises nine content clusters or subscales:
275:
as real what must be imagined". The authors argue that this is a key aspect of most religious or spiritual traditions, while noting that they are not necessarily dismissing the reality of what is reported in spiritual experiences.
60: = 0.13–0.89) perhaps because in addition to broad personality dispositions, situational factors play an important role in performance on tests of hypnotic susceptibility. Absorption is one of the traits assessed in the
764:
Ott, Ulrich; Reuter, Martin; Hennig, Juergen; Vaitl, Dieter (2005). "Evidence for a common biological basis of the absorption trait, hallucinogen effects, and positive symptoms: Epistasis between 5-HT2a and COMT polymorphisms".
133:, and various improved versions were circulated. However, recently the UMP has reasserted its copyright, and regards these later versions to be unauthorised, and also disputes whether these versions are in fact improvements.
118:(MPQ) in which it is considered both a primary and a broad trait. In the MPQ, absorption has two subscales called "sentient" and "prone to imaginative and altered states" respectively.
228:
induced by psilocybin. Researchers have suggested that individual differences in both absorption and responsiveness to hallucinogenic drugs could be related to the binding potential of
194:
symptoms. Absorption may act to amplify minor somatic symptoms, leading to an increased risk of conditions associated with hypersensitivity to internal bodily sensations, such as
202:. People may have a particular risk of the aforementioned problems when they are prone to both high absorption and to personality traits associated with negative emotionality.
635:
McClure, Erin B; Lilienfeld, Scott O (2002). "The dark side of
Absorption: Empirical associations between an experiential response style and hypochondriacal concerns".
608:
Laidlaw, Tannis M.; Dwivedi, Prabudha; Naito, Akira; Gruzelier, John H. (2005). "Low self-directedness (TCI), mood, schizotypy and hypnotic susceptibility".
270:
of the brain but in fact provides no magnetic stimulation. Furthermore, in most studies people higher in absorption report experiencing greater levels of
392:
Tellegen, A.; Atkinson, G. (1974). "Openness to absorbing and self-altering experiences ("absorption"), a trait related to hypnotic susceptibility".
817:
Lifshitz, Michael; van Elk, Michiel; Luhrmann, T. M. (2019). "Absorption and spiritual experience: A review of evidence and potential mechanisms".
182:. Positive experiences facilitated by absorption include the enjoyment of music, art, and natural beauty (e.g. sunsets) and pleasant forms of
61:
477:
Glisky, Martha L.; Tataryn, D.J.; Tobias, B.A.; Kihlstrom, J.F. (1991). "Absorption, Openness to
Experience, and Hypnotizability".
115:
451:
Jamieson, G. A. (2005). "The
Modified Tellegen Absorption Scale: A clearer window on the structure and meaning of absorption".
167:
534:
287:
recall is associated with absorption and related personality traits, such as openness to experience and proneness to
104:
55:
254:"rush" through them). Higher levels of absorption have been found to predict people reporting more and stronger
126:
893:
246:
A series of studies has found that people higher in absorption have a greater propensity towards having
573:
Osberg, Timothy M. (1987). "The
Convergent and Discriminant Validity of the Need for Cognition Scale".
51:
713:
Studerus, Erich; Gamma, Alex; Kometer, Michael; Vollenweider, Franz X. (2012). Mazza, Marianna (ed.).
551:
314:
288:
266:—that is, a helmet that supposedly induces spiritual experiences through magnetic stimulation of the
191:
35:
250:(also known as spiritual experiences), which may have a sensory-like character (e.g., reporting the
860:
Watson, David (2003). "To dream, perchance to remember: Individual differences in dream recall".
47:
526:
517:
362:
Roche, Suzanne M.; McConkey, Kevin M. (1990). "Absorption: Nature, assessment, and correlates".
300:
142:
43:
319:
247:
195:
31:
16:
Disposition or personality trait in which a person becomes absorbed in their mental imagery
8:
255:
842:
790:
741:
714:
652:
163:
159:
873:
648:
898:
846:
834:
782:
746:
690:
656:
590:
530:
494:
409:
324:
305:
23:
794:
427:
869:
826:
774:
736:
726:
682:
644:
617:
582:
486:
401:
371:
179:
830:
731:
146:
586:
621:
490:
339:
329:
199:
476:
375:
887:
694:
309:
267:
130:
39:
190:
frequency and anxiety sensitivity (fear of one's own anxiety symptoms), and
129:(UMP). It was generally believed from the 1990s that the TAS was now in the
838:
786:
750:
594:
151:
27:
498:
413:
778:
251:
220:
183:
155:
90:
46:
of absorption was developed in order to relate individual differences in
38:. The original research on absorption was by Dutch American psychologist
263:
224:
212:
670:
239:) which are the main site of action of classic hallucinogens, such as
686:
405:
229:
216:
187:
186:. Absorption has also been linked to forms of maladjustment, such as
122:
334:
259:
712:
158:. One study found a positive correlation between absorption and
233:
178:
Absorption can facilitate the experience of both positive and
284:
114:
A revised version of the TAS has been included in
Tellegen's
607:
223:. A review of studies on differential response to the drug
136:
715:"Prediction of Psilocybin Response in Healthy Volunteers"
671:"Macmillan challenges the tradition of one man one skill"
514:
271:
240:
453:
Australian
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis
816:
361:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
763:
50:
to broader aspects of personality. Absorption has a
801:
516:
205:
634:
885:
391:
525:(Fourth ed.). New York: Longman. p.
708:
706:
704:
86:ability to summon vivid and suggestive images
479:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
364:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
26:in which a person becomes absorbed in their
767:American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B
34:. This trait thus correlates highly with a
701:
387:
385:
162:. Absorption has a strong relationship to
116:Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire
62:Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire
740:
730:
549:
510:
508:
472:
470:
468:
466:
450:
137:Relationship to other personality traits
518:"Chapter 15. Personality and Intellect"
444:
382:
357:
355:
173:
141:Absorption is strongly correlated with
886:
862:Personality and Individual Differences
859:
610:Personality and Individual Differences
572:
566:
505:
463:
283:Research has found that frequency of
95:absorption in thoughts and imaginings
515:Phares, E.J.; Chaplin, W.F. (1997).
352:
168:Temperament and Character Inventory
80:responsiveness to inductive stimuli
13:
637:Journal of Research in Personality
543:
77:responsiveness to engaging stimuli
14:
910:
575:Journal of Personality Assessment
853:
757:
663:
628:
554:. University of Minnesota Press
278:
206:Altered states of consciousness
105:altered states of consciousness
601:
420:
394:Journal of Abnormal Psychology
101:episodes of expanded awareness
89:cross-modal experiences—e.g.,
67:
1:
874:10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00114-9
649:10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00507-X
345:
127:University of Minnesota Press
831:10.1016/j.concog.2019.05.008
732:10.1371/journal.pone.0030800
681:(9): 18–23. September 1972.
7:
819:Consciousness and Cognition
587:10.1207/s15327752jpa5103_11
523:Introduction to personality
428:"Tellegen Absorption Scale"
294:
10:
915:
622:10.1016/j.paid.2005.01.025
491:10.1037/0022-3514.60.2.263
98:vivid memories of the past
376:10.1037/0022-3514.59.1.91
315:Fantasy prone personality
36:fantasy prone personality
232:receptors (specifically
54:with hypnotisability (
301:Boundaries of the mind
143:openness to experience
121:Tellegen has assigned
675:Industrial Management
248:religious experiences
779:10.1002/ajmg.b.30197
432:www.ocf.berkeley.edu
320:Fantasy (psychology)
256:mystical experiences
196:somatoform disorders
174:Emotional experience
52:variable correlation
22:is a disposition or
894:Personality traits
164:self-transcendence
160:need for cognition
325:Flow (psychology)
306:Depersonalization
180:negative emotions
83:imagistic thought
24:personality trait
906:
878:
877:
868:(7): 1271–1286.
857:
851:
850:
814:
799:
798:
761:
755:
754:
744:
734:
710:
699:
698:
687:10.1108/eb056226
667:
661:
660:
632:
626:
625:
605:
599:
598:
570:
564:
563:
561:
559:
547:
541:
540:
520:
512:
503:
502:
474:
461:
460:
448:
442:
441:
439:
438:
424:
418:
417:
406:10.1037/h0036681
389:
380:
379:
359:
243:and psilocybin.
145:. Studies using
914:
913:
909:
908:
907:
905:
904:
903:
884:
883:
882:
881:
858:
854:
815:
802:
762:
758:
711:
702:
669:
668:
664:
633:
629:
606:
602:
571:
567:
557:
555:
548:
544:
537:
513:
506:
475:
464:
449:
445:
436:
434:
426:
425:
421:
390:
383:
360:
353:
348:
297:
281:
258:when wearing a
237:
208:
176:
147:factor analysis
139:
70:
48:hypnotisability
30:, particularly
17:
12:
11:
5:
912:
902:
901:
896:
880:
879:
852:
800:
756:
700:
662:
627:
600:
581:(3): 441–450.
565:
552:"MPQ Standard"
542:
535:
504:
485:(2): 263–272.
462:
443:
419:
400:(3): 268–277.
381:
350:
349:
347:
344:
343:
342:
340:Suggestibility
337:
332:
330:Hyperphantasia
327:
322:
317:
312:
303:
296:
293:
280:
277:
268:temporal lobes
235:
207:
204:
200:panic disorder
175:
172:
138:
135:
125:of TAS to the
108:
107:
102:
99:
96:
93:
87:
84:
81:
78:
69:
66:
28:mental imagery
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
911:
900:
897:
895:
892:
891:
889:
875:
871:
867:
863:
856:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
760:
752:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
725:(2): e30800.
724:
720:
716:
709:
707:
705:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
666:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
631:
623:
619:
615:
611:
604:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
569:
553:
550:Tellegen, A.
546:
538:
536:0-673-99456-2
532:
528:
524:
519:
511:
509:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
473:
471:
469:
467:
459:(2): 119–139.
458:
454:
447:
433:
429:
423:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
388:
386:
377:
373:
370:(1): 91–101.
369:
365:
358:
356:
351:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
310:derealization
307:
304:
302:
299:
298:
292:
290:
286:
276:
273:
269:
265:
262:version of a
261:
257:
253:
249:
244:
242:
238:
231:
226:
222:
218:
214:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
150:unrelated to
148:
144:
134:
132:
131:public domain
128:
124:
119:
117:
112:
106:
103:
100:
97:
94:
92:
88:
85:
82:
79:
76:
75:
74:
65:
63:
59:
58:
53:
49:
45:
41:
40:Auke Tellegen
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
865:
861:
855:
822:
818:
773:(1): 29–32.
770:
766:
759:
722:
718:
678:
674:
665:
640:
636:
630:
613:
609:
603:
578:
574:
568:
556:. Retrieved
545:
522:
482:
478:
456:
452:
446:
435:. Retrieved
431:
422:
397:
393:
367:
363:
289:dissociation
282:
279:Dream recall
245:
209:
192:dissociative
177:
152:extraversion
140:
120:
113:
109:
71:
56:
19:
18:
252:Holy Spirit
221:biofeedback
184:daydreaming
156:neuroticism
91:synesthesia
68:Measurement
888:Categories
825:: 102760.
643:(6): 573.
616:(2): 469.
437:2021-03-10
346:References
264:God helmet
225:psilocybin
213:meditation
20:Absorption
847:195063641
695:0007-6929
657:143317837
230:serotonin
219:use, and
217:marijuana
188:nightmare
123:copyright
44:construct
899:Hypnosis
839:31228696
795:19423874
787:15965969
751:22363492
719:PLOS ONE
595:16372844
558:April 2,
335:Paracosm
295:See also
742:3281871
499:2016669
414:4844914
260:placebo
166:in the
42:. The
32:fantasy
845:
837:
793:
785:
749:
739:
693:
655:
593:
533:
497:
412:
843:S2CID
791:S2CID
653:S2CID
285:dream
835:PMID
783:PMID
771:137B
747:PMID
691:ISSN
591:PMID
560:2012
531:ISBN
495:PMID
410:PMID
308:and
234:5-HT
198:and
870:doi
827:doi
775:doi
737:PMC
727:doi
683:doi
645:doi
618:doi
583:doi
527:522
487:doi
402:doi
372:doi
272:awe
241:LSD
154:or
890::
866:34
864:.
841:.
833:.
823:73
821:.
803:^
789:.
781:.
769:.
745:.
735:.
721:.
717:.
703:^
689:.
679:72
677:.
673:.
651:.
641:36
639:.
614:39
612:.
589:.
579:51
577:.
529:.
521:.
507:^
493:.
483:60
481:.
465:^
457:33
455:.
430:.
408:.
398:83
396:.
384:^
368:59
366:.
354:^
236:2A
215:,
170:.
64:.
876:.
872::
849:.
829::
797:.
777::
753:.
729::
723:7
697:.
685::
659:.
647::
624:.
620::
597:.
585::
562:.
539:.
501:.
489::
440:.
416:.
404::
378:.
374::
57:r
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.