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273:"Living cliffs" are those on a coast that is still active, i.e. that is being eroded and is receding. A "dead cliff", by contrast, is only reached by very high marine waves and is therefore subjected to very little change. A clear indication of a lack of activity at a dead cliff is a covering of vegetation that appears on the cliff as wave action against it subsides.
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by constant abrasion action producing an overhang. This overhang grows in size as the cliff is undercut, until it collapses under its own weight. The loose debris that has broken off is gradually carried away from the area in front of the cliff by the action of the sea. As the coastal cliffs
142:, the slope angle of which depends on a variety of factors including the jointing, bedding and hardness of the materials making up the cliff as well as the erosional processes themselves. The slope is constantly being eroded. The waves attacking the cliff-foot form a
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uplift of the coast, these abrasion platforms can be raised to form coastal terraces, from which the amount of uplift can be calculated from their elevation relative to the sea level, taking into account any
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recedes by about 25 centimetres per year, whereas the chalk cliffs of southern
England retreat by just half a centimetre each year. A cliffed coast is made of a loose bedrock material, such as at the
215:. On a cliffed coast made up of material which is only fairly or even hardly resistant to erosion no wave-cut platform but a beach is formed in front of the sea cliff.
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collapse, the shoreline recedes inland. The speed at which this happens depends, in particular, on the strength of the surf, the height of the cliff, the frequency of
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Furthermore, on a rocky cliffed coast wave action is not the only driving force for coastline retreat. General weathering of the bedrock is almost equally important.
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In coastal areas in which the land surface dips at a relatively steep angle below the water table, the continuous action of marine waves on the coastline, known as
432:
Mitchell, N. (2003) Susceptibility of mid-ocean ridge volcanic islands and seamounts to large scale landsliding. Journal of
Geophysical Research, 108, 1-23.
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or abrasion platform is formed in front of the cliff. It represents the foot of the cliff preserved at and below the level of water table. If there is a
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On a rocky cliffed coast made up of material which is relatively resistant to erosion such as sandstone, limestone or granite, a flat rocky
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a few kilometres inland. These show the former coastline from which the sea retreated as the level of water in the North Sea fell.
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Le Bas, T.P. (2007), "Slope
Failures on the Flanks of Southern Cape Verde Islands", in Lykousis, Vasilios (ed.),
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on the island of Rügen is a good example of a dead cliff. Others may be found in the regions of the present-day
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If waves carve notches at a narrow point on both sides of a promontory on the rocky cliffed coast, a
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399:, Bibliographisches Institut Mannheim/Wien/Zürich, B.I.-Wissenschaftsverlag, Mannheim, 1968, p. 116
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380:(1979). Sobre la Evolución Geomorfológica del gran acantilado costero del Norte Grande de Chile.
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is left behind on the wave-cut platform. The best-known example in
Germany is the
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386:(in Spanish). Universidad Católica de Chile, Instituto de Geografía, 6, 7-22.
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Submarine mass movements and their consequences: 3rd international symposium
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may be formed. When the arch collapses as the coastline recedes further a
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Well-known coasts with living cliffs in
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that may or may not be precipitous. It contrasts with a
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Collapse and retreat of a cliff edge captured on video
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Abrasion cliff in
Jinshitan Coastal National Geopark,
368:, de Gruyter, 4th ed., Berlin 1979, pp. 532-537
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Steep sea cliffs can also be caused by catastrophic
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Einführung in die
Geologie, Band I, Exogene Dynamik
57:where the action of marine waves has formed steep
190:, thus at present the cliffs does not follow any
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30:"Sea cliff" redirects here. For other uses, see
182:the modern cliffs originated from a process of
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234:, while, in England, a prominent example are
249:Ocean waves crashing against sea cliffs at
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138:, may create a steep declivity known as a
27:Coast where waves have formed steep cliffs
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178:In the case of the large and widespread
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126:. Wave-like texture was produced by
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1169:Integrated coastal zone management
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364:Herbert Louis and Klaus Fischer:
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344:. London: Penguin, 1984, p. 97.
342:Dictionary of Physical Geography
180:coastal cliffs of Atacama Desert
41:Section through a cliffed coast
1267:Region of freshwater influence
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1326:Coastal and oceanic landforms
1029:Large-scale coastal behaviour
861:Beaches in estuaries and bays
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288:or the chalk cliffs on the
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213:eustatic sea level changes
92:with houses and apartments
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366:Allgemeine Geomorphologie
32:Seacliff (disambiguation)
974:Coastal biogeomorphology
167:on the German island of
151:and the hardness of the
395:Hans Georg Wunderlich:
871:Coastal morphodynamics
340:Whittow, John (1984).
269:Living and dead cliffs
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93:
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63:flat or alluvial coast
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1262:Physical oceanography
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1091:Submergent coastline
1044:Marine transgression
999:Discordant coastline
984:Concordant coastline
1195:Coastal engineering
198:Rocky cliffed coast
88:A cliffed coast in
1164:Coastal management
1004:Emergent coastline
675:Intertidal wetland
578:Continental margin
322:Cape Verde Islands
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1126:Wave-cut platform
1039:Marine regression
583:Continental shelf
573:Coastal waterfall
482:Coastal geography
420:978-1-4020-6511-8
314:debris avalanches
284:on the island of
204:wave-cut platform
120:Liaoning Province
49:, also called an
16:(Redirected from
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1049:Raised shoreline
1024:Ingression coast
1019:Graded shoreline
994:Cuspate foreland
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916:River mouths
881:Raised beach
876:Pocket beach
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775:Tidal island
765:Strand plain
710:Natural arch
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383:Norte Grande
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155:. Thus, the
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1272:River plume
1086:Steep coast
1059:Rocky shore
1054:Rip current
934:River delta
906:Wash margin
901:Storm beach
891:Shell beach
856:Beach wrack
851:Beach ridge
841:Beach cusps
790:Tied island
780:Tidal marsh
503:Archipelago
378:Paskoff, R.
294:Königsstuhl
251:Cape Pillar
188:fault scarp
157:Mecklenburg
1305:Categories
1200:Grain size
1174:Submersion
1151:Management
1136:Wind fetch
1096:Surf break
1014:Flat coast
944:regressive
730:Salt marsh
588:Coral reef
328:References
298:Wadden Sea
278:Rote Kliff
232:Heligoland
228:Lange Anna
173:Heligoland
1321:Hydrology
1159:Accretion
1141:Wind wave
1101:Surf zone
956:Processes
929:Mouth bar
886:Recession
866:Beachrock
785:Tide pool
715:Peninsula
603:cliff-top
490:Landforms
302:North Sea
259:Australia
165:Red Cliff
159:coast in
69:Formation
1290:Category
1116:Undertow
1069:Sea foam
1064:Sea cave
964:Blowhole
806:Windwatt
665:Headland
513:Avulsion
320:and the
255:Tasmania
208:tectonic
136:abrasion
79:Portugal
1316:Erosion
1240:shingle
1220:granule
1205:boulder
1183:Related
1079:peresyp
989:Current
924:Debouch
833:Beaches
800:Waituna
795:Tombolo
705:Mudflat
700:Machair
690:Isthmus
610:Estuary
553:Channel
290:Jasmund
161:Germany
153:bedrock
1311:Cliffs
1230:pebble
1225:gravel
1215:cobble
760:Strait
740:Skerry
695:Lagoon
680:Island
635:Fundus
538:Bodden
417:
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282:Kampen
240:Dorset
116:Dalian
90:Sydney
59:cliffs
1111:Swash
1074:Shoal
755:Stack
745:Sound
735:Shoal
685:Islet
670:Inlet
660:Hapua
625:Fjord
620:Fjard
615:Firth
563:Coast
558:Cliff
533:Bight
508:Atoll
280:) in
224:stack
186:of a
140:cliff
124:China
105:Malta
55:coast
1245:silt
1235:sand
1210:clay
939:mega
750:Spit
720:Reef
650:Gulf
598:Dune
593:Cove
548:Cape
518:Ayre
415:ISBN
346:ISBN
286:Sylt
169:Sylt
725:Ria
655:Gut
645:Geo
640:Gat
528:Bay
257:in
238:in
230:on
103:in
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