275:. Women who have had previous abortions are far more likely to seek the procedure. Researchers peg this to the possibility that these women may have more knowledge, both of the legal status of abortions, and more likely, where to obtain the procedure. Women in the top 40% of the wealth distribution in the country are 67%–80% more likely to have abortions that their poorer counterparts. Younger women are more likely to seek abortions, with women between 20 and 24 years being most likely, at 25 abortions per 1,000 women, and the frequency decreasing with every successive age group. Urban women are far more likely to have abortions, with 34 abortions per 1,000 women. Overall, urbanites are 110% more likely to seek abortions than their rural counterparts, at 21 abortions per 1,000 women versus 10 abortions per 1,000 women.
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174:, which are themselves all crimes in Ghana, and (2) where the pregnant woman requests the abortion. The pregnant woman's next of kin may request the abortion if the woman lacks the capacity to request it. For instance, if she is unconscious and in need of immediate medical attention that may entail abortion; if she is mentally incapable of making medical decisions (for example has an
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contraceptives, the reason they give for not doing so are often health related, or a fear of the side effects and the risks associated with the use of contraceptives. The proportion of women in this pool rises with education and urbanity. Poorer women are overall more likely to have unplanned births, and less likely to use modern contraceptives, than their wealthier counterparts.
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The reasons that
Ghanaian women give for seeking abortions include: the financial inability to care for a child, the pregnancy interfering with their occupation or schooling, and wanting to space out their childbearing or to limit family size. Due to limited number of legal practitioners who perform
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are criminal offenses subject to at most five years in prison for the pregnant woman who induced said abortion, as well as for any doctor or other person who assisted this pregnant woman in accessing, or carrying out, an abortion. Attempts to cause abortions are also criminal, as are the purveyance,
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Overall, the average number of children
Ghanaian women have has decreased from 6.4 to 4.0 between 1988 and 2008. Nonetheless, this does not match the recorded desire of women, who wish to have fewer than four children. For more than a third of these women who are not looking for children nor are on
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According to national statistical data from 2009, 7% of all pregnancies are aborted. Within the population of women between 15 and 49, 15% have had abortions. For every 1,000 women in Ghana of childbearing age of 15 to 44, 15 abortions are performed. Another study carried out in the 1990s suggested
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Ghanaian women of the following demographics are more likely to have abortions: women who have never been married; women in their twenties; women with no children; wealthy women; and women from urban areas. Never-married women are twice as likely to seek the procedure as those who are married. The
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As a consequence of this dearth, upwards of 37% of pregnancies in Ghana are unintended. A further 23% are mistimed, that is to say, do not occur at a time preferred by the individuals. 14% of all pregnancies are not wanted by the individuals pregnant. This translates to more than 300,000 children
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is banned except when there is a valid exemption. The abortion should also be conducted only at a government hospital; registered private hospital, clinics registered under the
Private Hospitals and Maternity Homes Act, 1958 (No. 8) and a place approved by the Minister of Health by a Legislative
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active unmarried women use modern contraceptives, but in 2008, this number was just 28% of the population. As such, 35% of married women, and 20% of sexually active unmarried married fall in the pool of people who are not seeking children, and yet are not using any modern contraceptive methods.
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use is part of the driver for abortions. According to national statistical data, contraceptive use has increased over the decades, but from 13% use by married women in 1988, to just 25% by this demographic in 2003 followed by a slight decline to 24% in 2008. A much higher proportion of sexually
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tendency to seek abortion decreases with number of children: women with no children are seven times more likely to seek an abortion than women with three or more children. For these women, the most prominent reason for seeking the abortion was the stigma associated with having a child
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where the continuance of the pregnancy would involve risk to the life of the pregnant woman or injury to her physical or mental health and such a woman consents to it or if she lacks the capacity to give such consent it is given on her behalf by her next of kin or the person in
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abortions are in Ghana. Much of this data was collected based on face-to-face interviews, rendering it unlikely that they will reveal an accurate estimate of the occurrence of abortions. According to a paper, the number of abortions in Ghana is more likely to be closer to the
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are due to unsafe abortions, and maternal mortality is the second leading cause of death among
Ghanaian women. Some women experience complications from these experiences. Because so few women know that abortions are legal on many grounds in Ghana, they do not seek, or demand
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or any other registered medical practitioner in a government hospital or a private hospital or clinic registered under the
Private Hospital and Maternity Home Act, 1958 (No. 9) or in a place approved for the purpose by legislative instrument made by the Secretary:
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supplies or procures any poison, drug, instrument or other thing knowing that it is intended to be used or employed to cause abortion or miscarriage; shall be guilty of an offence and liable on conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five
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is completed." Thus, both words, abortion and miscarriage, can be used interchangeably to refer to the same phenomenon. The law would seem to cover induced abortions, where the pregnant woman willfully expels a viable fetus, and also
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administers to a woman any poison, drug or other noxious thing or uses any instrument or other means whatsoever with intent to cause abortion or miscarriage, whether or not the woman is pregnant or has given her
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any woman who with intent to cause abortion or miscarriage administers to herself or consent to be administered to her any poison, drug or other noxious thing or uses any instrument or other means whatsoever;
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The definition of abortion is quite wide. According to Act 29, section 58, article 3, of the
Criminal code of 1960, "Abortion or miscarriage means premature expulsion or removal of conception from the
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Ghana
Statistical Service (GSS), Ghana Health Service (GHS) and Macro International, Ghana Maternal Health Survey 2007, Accra, Ghana: GSS and GHS; and Calverton, MD, USA: Macro International, 2009.
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World Health
Organization (WHO), Unsafe Abortion: Global and Regional Estimates of the Incidence of Unsafe Abortion and Associated Mortality in 2003, fifth ed., Geneva: WHO, 2007
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For the purposes of this section, abortion or miscarriage means premature expulsion or removal of conception from the uterus or womb before the period of gestation is completed.
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where pregnancy is the result of rape or defilement of a female idiot or incest and the abortion or miscarriage is requested by the victim or her next of kin or the person in
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Baiden FK et al., Unmet need for essential obstetric services in a rural district in
Northern Ghana: complications of unsafe abortions remain a major cause of mortality,
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It is not an offense under section (1) if an abortion or miscarriage is caused in any of the following circumstances by a registered medical practitioner specializing in
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that in southern Ghana, the number is marginally higher, at 17 abortions for every 1,000 women. This number is lower than the statistics available for
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An
Assessment of the Readiness to Offer Contraceptives and Comprehensive Abortion Care in the Greater Accra, Eastern, and Ashanti Regions of Ghana
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Abortion is a criminal offence pursuant to Act 29, section 58 of the Criminal code of 1960, amended by PNDCL 102 of 1985, which states that:
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where there is substantial risk that if the child were born it may suffer from or later develop a serious physical abnormality or disease.
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safe abortion, it is expensive; therefore many women cannot afford it and they turn to unsafe abortion by unskilled practitioners.
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In some situations, abortions are legal. The laws of Ghana allow abortions where (1) the pregnancy was as a result of
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Abortion or miscarriage. Consolidation of Criminal Code of Ghana, 1960. Act 29. Section 58. 1999. Dec 10, pp. 37–38
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supply, or procurement of chemicals and instruments whose intent is to induce abortions.
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These numbers are relatively unreliable, because of how
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as a whole: abortions rates are at 28 per 1,000 women
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concerning this matter do not make this distinction.
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749:
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741:
739:
738:Guinea-Bissau
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
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634:
631:
629:
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584:
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494:
487:
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467:
459:
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451:
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439:
436:(2): 96–108.
435:
431:
424:
415:
413:
411:
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400:
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391:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
367:(2): 98–104.
366:
362:
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351:
342:
340:
338:
333:
325:
321:
317:
314:
313:contraceptive
304:
302:
297:
292:
290:
285:
280:
276:
274:
268:
266:
252:
247:
244:
243:loco parentis
239:
236:
235:loco parentis
232:
231:
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224:
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210:
207:
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196:
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90:
87:
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69:
66:
62:
59: –
58:
54:
53:Find sources:
47:
43:
37:
36:
31:This article
29:
25:
20:
19:
16:
1650:Bibliography
1524:Prostitution
1469:Demographics
1451:
1371:Central Bank
1289:Human rights
1264:Constitution
1102:Hilla Limann
973:Saint Helena
944:
848:South Africa
838:Sierra Leone
727:
643:Burkina Faso
568:
563:
555:
550:
542:
524:
499:
466:
433:
429:
423:
364:
360:
350:
322:
318:
310:
301:West African
293:
281:
277:
269:
261:
189:
165:
152:miscarriages
136:
120:
119:
104:
98:January 2019
95:
85:
78:
71:
64:
52:
40:Please help
35:verification
32:
15:
1612:Video games
1514:Mob justice
1361:Agriculture
1127:John Mahama
1117:John Kufuor
900:recognition
853:South Sudan
743:Ivory Coast
296:stigmatized
265:West Africa
227:Gynaecology
133:Terminology
1674:Categories
1617:Witchcraft
1462:Cybercrime
1321:Parliament
1284:Government
1122:John Mills
1087:Kofi Busia
1072:Gold Coast
1062:Bono state
955:(Portugal)
913:Somaliland
833:Seychelles
798:Mozambique
783:Mauritania
768:Madagascar
723:The Gambia
658:Cape Verde
502:(2): 1–4.
328:References
258:Statistics
162:Exceptions
68:newspapers
1572:Festivals
1539:Squatting
1509:Languages
1484:Education
1421:Transport
1326:President
1301:Judiciary
1274:Elections
1209:Mountains
1172:Geography
1153:Political
788:Mauritius
450:0190-3187
381:1468-215X
143:gestation
126:abortions
1659:Category
1529:Religion
1519:Polygamy
1452:Abortion
1311:Military
1243:Politics
1229:Wildlife
1148:Economic
1141:By topic
1032:articles
979: /
975: /
968:(France)
962: /
940: /
936: /
888:Zimbabwe
863:Tanzania
713:Ethiopia
708:Eswatini
688:Djibouti
653:Cameroon
638:Botswana
508:20653094
399:23429567
1636:Outline
1567:Cuisine
1554:Culture
1440:Society
1416:Tourism
1381:Fishing
1349:Economy
1269:Cabinet
1204:Forests
1194:Climate
1184:Borders
1040:History
964:Réunion
960:Mayotte
951:Madeira
946:(Spain)
942:Melilla
873:Tunisia
843:Somalia
828:Senegal
813:Nigeria
803:Namibia
793:Morocco
758:Liberia
753:Lesotho
703:Eritrea
673:Comoros
648:Burundi
623:Algeria
458:2673822
390:3841747
205:consent
180:consent
82:scholar
1602:Sports
1494:Health
1396:Mining
1376:Energy
1224:Rivers
1189:Cities
1158:Postal
1030:
983:
966:
953:
883:Zambia
878:Uganda
818:Rwanda
773:Malawi
733:Guinea
628:Angola
506:
456:
448:
397:
387:
379:
218:years.
172:incest
139:uterus
84:
77:
70:
63:
55:
1643:Index
1582:Music
1577:Media
1544:Women
1457:Crime
1386:Labor
1028:Ghana
938:Ceuta
858:Sudan
808:Niger
763:Libya
748:Kenya
728:Ghana
718:Gabon
693:Egypt
633:Benin
496:(PDF)
454:JSTOR
156:Ghana
150:, or
89:JSTOR
75:books
1294:LGBT
868:Togo
778:Mali
668:Chad
504:PMID
446:ISSN
395:PMID
377:ISSN
168:rape
61:news
1401:Oil
438:doi
385:PMC
369:doi
186:Law
44:by
1676::
532:^
516:^
498:.
475:^
452:.
444:.
434:27
432:.
407:^
393:.
383:.
375:.
365:39
363:.
359:.
336:^
198:or
1200:)
1196:(
1020:e
1013:t
1006:v
601:e
594:t
587:v
510:.
460:.
440::
401:.
371::
245:;
111:)
105:(
100:)
96:(
86:·
79:·
72:·
65:·
38:.
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