317:
control. It was intended to enforce contracts, employment of prisoners and apprenticeships, but there was not sufficient power to enforce clauses in the north, and they were openly flouted. The Act defined as "Aboriginal" as "every
Aboriginal native of Australia, every Aboriginal half-caste, or child of a half-caste".
312:. The Act introduced employment contracts between employers and Aboriginal workers over the age of 14. There was no provision in the 1886 Act for contracts to include wages, but employees were to be provided with "substantial, good and sufficient rations", clothing and blankets. The 1886 act provided a
84:
As the boards had limited funds, protectors received very limited remuneration. A range of people were appointed as local protectors, including resident magistrates, jail wardens, justices of the peace and, in some cases ministers of religion, though most were local police inspectors. The minutes of
210:
with wide ranging control over the lives of
Aboriginal people, including the power to remove children from families because their parents were Aboriginals, as was written on many of the files, and the power to dictate where Aboriginal people lived to ensure protection from violent colonialists and
316:
with the power to indenture 'half-caste' and
Aboriginal children, from a suitable age, until they turned 21. An Aboriginal Protection Board was also established to prevent the abuses reported earlier, but rather than protect Aborigines, it mainly succeeded in putting them under tighter government
154:
into
European society. These expulsions separated families and communities, causing distress and leading to protest. Nevertheless, the board refused to assist the expelled people. It was assumed that the expulsions would lead to the decline in the population of the reserves and their eventual
211:
provide education in the face of
European opposition (McCallum, 2008). It also controlled their freedom of movement and personal finances. In particular, Aboriginal children could be removed from their homes and families and taken into care to be raised like white children, thus starting the
80:
were appointed by the Board under the conditions laid down in the various Acts. In theory, protectors of
Aborigines were often empowered to undertake legal proceedings on behalf of Aboriginal people, dictate where Aboriginal people could live or work, and keep all wages earned by employed
257:
would evaporate, and
Aboriginal people would eventually become indistinguishable from Europeans. The Board consisted of 11 members, including two Aboriginal people, one "full-blood" and one having "a mixture of Aboriginal blood". It was abolished under the
328:
The effect of the act was to give increasing power to the board over
Aboriginal people, rather than setting up a system to punish whites for wrongdoing in relation to Aboriginal people. An Aboriginal Department was set up, under the office of the
249:
85:
the boards show they mostly dealt with matters of requests from religious bodies for financial relief and reports from resident or police magistrates pertaining to trials and convictions of
Aboriginal people under their jurisdiction.
345:, in debate on the 2nd reading speech, claimed that contracts were being issued, not for current work, but to hold Aboriginal people as slaves on stations for potential future work, and so prevent them from being free to leave.
236:
366:
132:. The board exerted an extraordinary level of control over people's lives including regulation of residence, slavery as employment, marriage, social life and other aspects of daily life.
295:
An Act to provide for the better protection and management of the
Aboriginal Natives of Western Australia, and to amend the Law relating to certain Contracts with such Aboriginal Natives
380:
231:, where they were often abused and neglected while being taught farm labouring and domestic work, many of them ending up as servants in the homes of wealthy Sydney residents.
961:
178:
735:
892:
224:
392:, which was "charged with the duty of controlling and promoting the welfare" of Aboriginal people (which included anyone descended from an Aboriginal person).
412:
By the late 1960s, all states and territories had repealed the legislation allowing for the removal of Aboriginal children under the policy of 'protection'.
169:
160:
702:
349:
421:
341:, claimed that child labour of age six or seven was a necessary commonplace, as "in this way they gradually become domesticated". The attorney general
814:
33:
976:
672:
17:
843:
823:
267:
After its abolition, the NSW Aboriginal Advisory Council was formed, which advised the NSW Minister for Aboriginal Affairs directly.
971:
859:
447:
482:
199:
903:
782:
727:
333:. Nearly half of the Legislative Council voted to amend the act for contract labour as low as age 10 but it was defeated.
918:
240:
gave the Board authority to remove Aboriginal children "without having to establish in court that they were neglected."
59:
204:
The New South Wales Board for the Protection of Aborigines was established in 1883 and was reconstituted under the
642:
338:
253:, which stipulated that Aboriginal people should be assimilated into mainstream white society. It intended that
227:. Aboriginal children were removed from their homes for various welfare reasons and transported to Kinchela and
88:
Aboriginal protection boards also issued permits to allow Aboriginal people the right to leave their respective
786:
620:
565:
536:
507:
206:
119:
694:
503:
811:
385:
966:
757:
243:
The Board was renamed the Aborigines Welfare Board (which was frequently referred to as the Aborigin
77:
330:
664:
587:
182:
gave recognition of Aboriginal people's right to land. Under this Act the deeds of land at the
140:
63:
187:
151:
129:
836:
146:
In particular, the 1886 Act started to remove Aboriginal people of mixed descent, known as "
499:
8:
426:
313:
280:
260:
432:
322:
304:
The 1886 act was enacted following the furore over the Fairburn Report (which revealed
254:
212:
183:
93:
71:
478:
442:
276:
940:
528:
612:
557:
474:
318:
279:
Aborigines Protection Board operated between 1 January 1886 and 1 April 1898 as a
847:
818:
401:
389:
89:
790:
466:
439:
393:
334:
289:
136:
67:
27:
Historical Australian government bodies for regulating the lives of Aboriginals
919:"Report of the Aborigines Protection Board for the Year ended 30th June, 1954"
955:
916:
397:
342:
309:
588:"Central Board for the Protection of Aborigines - Organisation - Victoria"
228:
74:. The boards had nearly ultimate control over Aboriginal people's lives.
906:(NSW Govt Dept of Communities. Aboriginal Affairs, archived March 2012.)
783:"About DAA >> Aboriginal Affairs in NSW >> A Short History"
361:
147:
111:
Central Board Appointed to Watch Over the Interests of the Aborigines
367:
Aboriginals Protection and Restriction of the Sale of Opium Act 1897
81:
Aboriginals. The exact powers varied over time and by jurisdiction.
837:
For records relating to the WA Aboriginal Protection Board see the
308:
conditions among Aboriginal farm workers) and the work of the Rev.
220:
925:
305:
500:"Central Board for the Protection of Aborigines - Organisation"
125:
62:-run institutions with the function of regulating the lives of
143:, including regulation of residence, employment and marriage.
139:
of 1886 gave the Board extensive new powers over the lives of
321:
insisted that the act contain within it a clause permitting
96:
and enter the mainstream society for a set period of time.
66:. They were also responsible for administering the various
695:"National Museum of Australia - Aborigines Protection Act"
396:
was a founding board member; other board members included
200:
Aboriginal Affairs NSW § Early administrative period
150:", from Aboriginal stations or reserves to force them to
115:
Victorian Central Board for the Protection of Aborigines
665:"Aborigines Protection Amending Act 1915 (1915 - 1969)"
225:
Cootamundra Domestic Training Home for Aboriginal Girls
164:
increased the rights of Aboriginal people in Victoria.
58:), and similar names, refers to a number of historical
917:
Aborigines Protection Board (South Australia) (1955).
962:
Defunct organisations serving Indigenous Australians
364:Aboriginal Protection Board was established by the
128:to enact comprehensive regulations on the lives of
758:"Aborigines Protection (Amendment) Act 1940 No 12"
422:Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada
113:was established in 1860. This was replaced by the
586:Project, Find & Connect (15 September 2009).
34:New South Wales Aborigines Protection Association
953:
247:Welfare Board in later sources) in 1940 by the
893:"Aboriginal Resources: Administrative History"
190:reserves were transferred to the communities.
70:where these existed and had a key role in the
644:Aborigines Protection Amending Act 1915 No 2
722:
720:
497:
471:Aboriginal Victorians: A History Since 1800
325:to continue hunting on their tribal lands.
904:Aboriginal Affairs in NSW: A Short History
250:Aborigines Protection (Amendment) Act 1940
824:State Records Office of Western Australia
717:
585:
348:In 1898, the board was replaced by the
237:Aborigines Protection Amending Act 1915
167:The board was abolished in 1957 by the
14:
954:
941:"Aboriginal Protection Act 1869 (Vic)"
529:"Aboriginal Protection Act 1869 (Vic)"
465:
448:Wage theft from Indigenous Australians
54:(and in later sources, incorrectly as
48:Board for the Protection of Aborigines
705:from the original on 13 November 2018
910:
738:from the original on 9 November 2022
675:from the original on 15 October 2013
270:
852:
775:
491:
24:
880:
605:
579:
550:
373:
193:
25:
988:
947:. Museum of Australian Democracy.
613:"Aboriginal Lands Act 1970 (Vic)"
521:
498:O'Neill, Cate (28 October 2011).
381:Aborigines Act Amendment Act 1939
977:History of Australia (1851–1900)
789:. 25 August 2009. Archived from
502:. Find & Connect - Victoria/
830:
805:
750:
728:"Vale Uncle Lyall Munro Senior"
285:Aborigines Protection Act, 1886
972:Indigenous Australian politics
787:NSW Dept of Aboriginal Affairs
687:
657:
634:
621:Museum of Australian Democracy
566:Museum of Australian Democracy
537:Museum of Australian Democracy
508:National Archives of Australia
459:
207:Aborigines Protection Act 1909
120:Aboriginal Protection Act 1869
13:
1:
933:
860:"Aborigines Protection Board"
504:Public Record Office Victoria
453:
355:
331:Chief Protector of Aborigines
699:National Museum of Australia
215:. The 1911 amendment to the
7:
812:Aboriginal Protection Board
558:"Aborigines Act 1910 (Vic)"
415:
386:Aborigines Protection Board
104:
44:Aborigines Protection Board
40:Aboriginal Protection Board
18:Aborigines Protection Board
10:
993:
407:
197:
124:making Victoria the first
99:
31:
217:Aboriginal Protection Act
179:Aboriginal Lands Act 1970
846:29 February 2008 at the
839:WA States Records Office
827:, accessed 20 March 2008
299:The Aborigines Act, 1889
287:(WA), also known as the
283:. It was created by the
78:Protectors of Aborigines
56:Aboriginal Welfare Board
52:Aborigines Welfare Board
32:Not to be confused with
617:Documenting A Democracy
562:Documenting A Democracy
533:Documenting A Democracy
297:(statute 25/1886), and
885:
841:accessed 20 March 2008
762:classic.austlii.edu.au
64:Aboriginal Australians
945:Documenting Democracy
817:10 March 2013 at the
350:Aborigines Department
198:Further information:
130:Aboriginal Victorians
477:. pp. 130–131.
301:(statute 24/1889).
671:. 1 February 2018.
427:Aboriginal reserves
314:resident magistrate
281:statutory authority
261:Aborigines Act 1969
170:Aborigines Act 1957
161:Aborigines Act 1910
967:Stolen Generations
897:NSW State Archives
732:Aboriginal Affairs
592:Find & Connect
433:Bringing them home
323:traditional owners
277:Western Australian
255:Aboriginal culture
213:Stolen Generations
184:Lake Tyers Mission
72:Stolen Generations
640:New South Wales.
484:978-1-74114-569-4
475:Allen & Unwin
443:Indian Department
337:, the member for
271:Western Australia
141:Aboriginal people
117:in 1869 (via the
16:(Redirected from
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948:
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923:
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899:. 13 April 2016.
875:
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793:on 20 March 2012
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734:. 17 July 2020.
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60:Australian state
42:, also known as
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881:Further reading
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848:Wayback Machine
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819:Wayback Machine
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467:Broome, Richard
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374:South Australia
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319:Governor Broome
293:, described as
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194:New South Wales
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68:half-caste acts
37:
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864:SA History Hub
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394:Charles Duguid
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335:McKenzie Grant
290:Half-Caste Act
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223:Boys Home and
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137:Half-Caste Act
135:The Victorian
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924:– via
896:
867:. Retrieved
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838:
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822:
807:
795:. Retrieved
791:the original
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765:. Retrieved
761:
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740:. Retrieved
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707:. Retrieved
698:
689:
677:. Retrieved
668:
659:
648:, retrieved
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636:
624:. Retrieved
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595:. Retrieved
591:
581:
569:. Retrieved
561:
552:
540:. Retrieved
532:
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511:. Retrieved
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384:created the
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310:John Gribble
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29:
742:25 November
626:11 February
597:11 February
571:11 February
542:11 February
229:Cootamundra
188:Framlingham
148:half-castes
956:Categories
454:References
362:Queensland
356:Queensland
152:assimilate
339:The North
155:closure.
934:Victoria
844:Archived
815:Archived
736:Archived
703:Archived
673:Archived
513:7 August
469:(2005).
416:See also
221:Kinchela
105:Victoria
94:reserves
90:missions
926:AIATSIS
821:at the
797:20 June
767:29 June
709:29 June
679:29 June
650:29 June
440:British
408:Decline
306:slavery
264:(NSW).
100:History
869:5 July
481:
126:colony
922:(PDF)
871:2019
799:2013
769:2021
744:2022
711:2021
681:2021
652:2021
628:2020
599:2020
573:2020
544:2020
515:2013
479:ISBN
400:and
378:The
360:The
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886:NSW
388:in
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