527:: a weekday protest meant that union supporters would need to convince others in their workplace about why solidarity with Aboriginal people was an important issue for their movement. Striking would both disrupt the economy and show strong conviction and understanding of the struggle, and the discussion put Black rights into workplaces, staff rooms and classrooms. It was later assessed as one of the most successful and historically significant protests for Aboriginal rights in Australia until this time. Its legacy included the establishments of networks which led to thousands of people defending the Tent Embassy against attempts by police to shut it down, and union funding helped keep the embassy running. The Moratorium showed that non-Indigenous workers could be strong allies in the struggle for Indigenous rights.
685:(ILC) was established by the Federal Government to assist Aboriginal Australians to acquire land and manage Aboriginal held land sustainably and in a manner that provides cultural, social, economic and environmental benefits for themselves and future generations. In February 2019, the ILC became the Indigenous Land and Sea Corporation (ILSC), in recognition of its operations on water. The ILSC is funded by an annual payment from the investment returns of the Australian Government's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Land Account.
194:: "A successful land rights claim usually results in a special grant of freehold title or perpetual lease. A title document for the land is issued. The title is normally held by a community or an organisation, not by individuals. There are usually some restrictions on selling, and dealing with, land that has been granted in a land rights claim. Normally, the land will be passed down to future generations in a way that recognises the community’s traditional connection to that country".
850:
995:
948:
808:. This body holds about 24,000,000 hectares (59,000,000 acres), or 10% of the State's land. There are different types of tenures held by different parts of this land, including reserves, leases and freehold property. There are many remote communities on this land, inhabited by about 12,000 people. Land reform is ongoing, to use the land in a way which benefits the Aboriginal people.
163:, which recognised for the first time that Indigenous people had rights to land sourced from their continuing connection to it and that these rights are recognised under Australian common law. Where these rights had not been extinguished through contradictory Crown grants, native titles continued to exist and could exist alongside certain title, such as crown leases.
829:
videos speaking about “common law”, which incorporate
Freemen beliefs. Appealing to other Aboriginal people by partly identifying with the land rights movement, McMurtrie played on their feelings of alienation and lack of trust in the systems which had not served Indigenous people well. Proponents of
755:
in 1984. Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islander local governments hold trusteeship of the DOGITs, and land tenure under this type of tenure is held in collective title, held in trust for future generations. From 1 January 2015, some trustees, namely those classified as "urban" or "future urban") are
603:
established a procedure that transferred almost 50 per cent of land in the
Northern Territory (around 600 000 km2) to collective Aboriginal ownership. Following this, some states introduced their own land rights legislation; however, there were significant limitations on the returned lands, or that
343:
In the 1970s, Indigenous
Australians became more politically active, and a powerful movement for the recognition of Indigenous land rights emerged. Also during this decade, the federal government started buying privately-owned land in order to benefit Indigenous communities, and also to create
1093:
824:
groups targeting
Indigenous Australians, with groups with names like Tribal Sovereign Parliament of Gondwana Land, the Original Sovereign Tribal Federation (OSTF) and the Original Sovereign Confederation. OSTF Founder Mark McMurtrie, an Aboriginal Australian man, has produced
296:. The measures included the removal of discriminatory legislation and restrictive practices, welfare measures, education and training to assist the involvement of Aboriginal people in the economy, and the education of non-Indigenous Australians about
204:
As of 2020, Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islander peoples’ rights and interests in land are formally recognised over around 40 per cent of Australia’s land mass. The recognition of Indigenous rights in land and waters is fundamental to the process of
642:. The land rights legislation was introduced by Premier Don Dunstan in November 1978, several months prior to his resignation from Parliament. An amended bill, following extensive consultation, was passed by the Tonkin Liberal Government, as the
144:
operate in each state and territory is dependent on the history of the land rights arrangements of the particular state or territory. In some jurisdictions, titles to large areas of traditional lands were granted before the Act commenced.
1100:
1023:
704:(see above) provides the basis upon which Aboriginal Australian people in the Northern Territory can claim rights to land based on traditional occupation. The freehold land cannot be sold or transferred, but it can be leased.
2109:
1339:
788:
329:. It allowed for parcels of Aboriginal land previously held by the SA Government, to be handed to the Aboriginal Lands Trust of SA under the Act. The Trust was governed by a Board composed solely of Aboriginal people.
424:, instead offering 50-year general-purpose leases for Aboriginal people which would be conditional upon their "intention and ability to make reasonable economic and social use of land", while reserving for the Crown
596:, was significant in that it allowed a claim of title if claimants could provide evidence of their traditional association with land. Four Land Councils were established in the Northern Territory under this law.
888:
1201:
Neumann, Klaus; Tavan, Gwenda (2009). "Chapter 4. 'A modern-day concentration camp': using history to make sense of
Australian immigration detention centres". In Neumann, Klaus; Tavan, Gwenda (eds.).
261:
The passing of
Aboriginal land rights legislation in Australia in the late 20th century was preceded by a number of important Aboriginal protests. The modern land rights movement started with the
2556:
724:
provide for
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander freehold respectively. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander freehold land occupies 5%, or 59,489 square kilometres (22,969 sq mi) of
720:
373:. However, Justice Blackburn did acknowledge the claimants' ritual and economic use of the land and that they had an established system of law "a subtle and highly elaborate" system of laws (
166:
Different types of land rights laws exist in
Australia, allowing for the renewed ownership of land to Indigenous Australians under various conditions. Land rights schemes are in place in the
56:
and to that of Torres Strait Islander people, and there has been a long battle to gain legal and moral recognition of ownership of the lands and waters occupied by the many peoples prior to
2672:
115:
title to Indigenous Australians. By contrast, native title arises as a result of the recognition, under Australian common law, of pre-existing Indigenous rights and interests according to
237:
2101:
1953:
1654:
533:
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people in the remote western area of the state. The legislation was proclaimed in January 1985 and was followed by a ceremony in the desert attended by Maralinga Tjarutja leader
190:. The land titles may recognise traditional interest in the land and protect those interests by giving Aboriginal people legal ownership of that land. Also, according to the
2378:
571:
introduced an Aboriginal Land Rights Bill to Parliament; however, this lapsed upon the dismissal of the government in 1975. The succeeding conservative government, led by
2256:
304:. It brought about a more widespread awareness by non-Indigenous people to social justice for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. South Australian Premier Sir
221:
2205:"Background information on racial issues and Aboriginal land rights, 1971-2018 in the Pilbara region of Western Australia and in Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia"
714:
644:
281:, or Gurundji Strike, started with a protest about working conditions, but grew into a lands right issue, with the people claiming rights to the land which was then a
1245:
Neumann, Klaus, 1958-; Tavan, Gwenda (2009), "Chapter 4. 'A modern-day concentration camp': using history to make sense of Australian immigration detention centres",
2961:
2037:
409:, Billy Craigie, Tony Coorey and Bertie Williams (later Kevin "Bert" Johnson, as protest for Indigenous land rights. The embassy was established in response to the
485:
Absolute ownership, including mineral and forestry rights of all reserves and traditional areas to be vested in the Black communities associated with these areas.
460:
and teachers, had voted to go on strike for half a day in support of Aboriginal people, and around 2,000 students joined the protest. There were also protests in
75:
peoples’ rights and interests in land are formally recognised over around 40 per cent of Australia’s land mass, and sea rights have also been asserted in various
235:
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the movement of Aboriginal peoples in Australia was controlled by colony- and later state-based laws, such as the
2350:
2644:
2599:
3152:
700:
1314:
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argued for integration rather than assimilation of Aboriginal people, and others questioned the concept of assimilation, with its paternalistic attitude.
2614:
1832:
1448:
17:
1474:
2702:
217:
The colonisation of mainland Australia started in 1211, while the Torres Strait Islands were only taken over by the colony of Queensland in the 1870s.
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1960:
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In 1961, at the Native Welfare Conference, a meeting of federal and state ministers responsible for Aboriginal welfare, agreed on a policy of
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1287:
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3119:
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printed a pamphlet at Sydney University ahead of the protest. Unionists from several trades, including builders' labourers, ship painters,
198:
88:
1596:
3075:
3184:
2996:
2784:
2769:
2388:
2325:
1475:"Australian Aborigines, Commonwealth policy and achievements statement by the prime minister — The Rt Hon. William McMahon, C.H., M.P."
1839:
2687:
2594:
2330:
1901:
s 3: Aboriginal means a person who is a member of the Aboriginal race of Australia....12AAA. Additional grant to Tiwi Land Trust...
541:, which was attended by about 2000 people, including an estimated 16% of the Black population. It also had a heavy police presence.
3194:
3147:
2803:
2312:
326:
3266:
3240:
3131:
3087:
2707:
2506:
2373:
2074:
1926:
657:
567:, made a number of recommendations in favour of recognising Aboriginal Land Rights. Taking up many of these recommendations, the
356:
225:
1706:
2924:
2441:
2066:
729:
1774:
2398:
1254:
1156:
440:
The Black Moratorium refers to protests which took place on 14 July 1972. The Sydney protest was in the form of marches from
229:
72:
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2619:
2288:
1151:
1523:
417:
322:
116:
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1985:
1006:
831:
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able to convert parts of the collective title to either Aboriginal freehold or Torres Strait Islander freehold title.
3053:
2886:
2856:
2451:
2193:
1719:
1222:
883:
556:
3223:
3157:
2846:
2736:
2682:
2486:
2431:
1805:
898:
2259:
Proviso provides any protection for the rights of Aboriginal People to the occupation or enjoyment of their lands.
1247:
Does history matter?: making and debating citizenship, immigration and refugee policy in Australia and New Zealand
1204:
Does History Matter?: making and debating citizenship, immigration and refugee policy in Australia and New Zealand
3005:
2914:
2566:
2416:
2360:
2281:
584:
313:
3233:
3217:
3162:
2634:
398:
301:
191:
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people; the term may also include the struggle for those rights. Connection to the land and waters is vital in
2971:
2944:
2662:
2579:
2526:
2476:
2408:
1489:
739:, mainly held by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in remote and regional Queensland, is the
576:
297:
53:
630:
returned 102,650 square kilometres (39,630 sq mi) of land (10.2% of the state's land area) to the
2722:
2140:
817:
1202:
3199:
3038:
2929:
2774:
2712:
2697:
2584:
2469:
2456:
1762:
682:
365:
206:
559:(also known as the "Woodward Royal Commission") was established in the Northern Territory in 1973. This
3021:
2657:
2609:
2464:
878:
469:
461:
1705:
Fogarty, John; Dwyer, Jacinta (2012). "The First Aboriginal Land Rights Case". In Sykes, Helen (ed.).
3177:
3172:
2981:
2876:
2589:
2135:
1951:
1678:
1485:
903:
759:
452:, attended by around 6,000 protesters, who included Aboriginal people, students and trade unionists.
421:
338:
232:– the first ever recognition of Aboriginal rights on the continent – but the promise was never kept.
123:
76:
57:
3092:
3011:
2717:
1549:
767:
763:
441:
406:
379:). In this way, this was the first significant legal case for Aboriginal land rights in Australia.
157:
2230:
3126:
3063:
3058:
2896:
2841:
2340:
1415:
564:
501:
a) An immediate and massive Health program to eliminate the very high Black infant mortality rate
394:
388:
262:
153:
3070:
2759:
2320:
2304:
2161:
Attwood, Bain (2000). "The Articulation Of 'Land Rights' In Australia: The Case of Wave Hill".
1376:
1094:"What's the difference between native title and land rights?? – National Native Title Tribunal"
868:
801:
740:
318:
127:
49:
45:
2067:"Freemen, Sovereign Citizens, and the Challenge to Public Order in British Heritage Countries"
976:
3228:
3098:
3033:
2779:
2629:
2345:
2335:
1870:
1667:
1449:"A milestone for Black sovereignty in this country: celebrating 50 years of the Tent Embassy"
752:
732:(RNTBC) can be trustee of this land, who can grant leases of up to 99 years for any purpose.
413:
293:
132:
100:
61:
1621:
1575:
2754:
1836:
1689:
65:
1952:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (31 December 2010).
1856:
592:
could claim rights to land based on traditional occupation. The statute, the first of the
8:
2604:
2511:
2273:
1516:"Aboriginal Tent Embassy - 'the guys who woke up Australia' - marks its 50th anniversary"
873:
725:
183:
1597:"1972 Black Moratorium: How unions walked out for Aboriginal rights – Solidarity Online"
1544:
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3114:
3043:
3028:
2851:
2764:
2727:
2170:
2042:
744:
589:
568:
305:
246:
167:
1649:
1064:
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f) An end to all discrimination and discriminatory legislation (e.g. Queensland Acts.)
2866:
2836:
2789:
2624:
2421:
2189:
1884:
1715:
1420:
1263:
1250:
1218:
821:
477:
445:
352:
136:(Cth). Although this is federal legislation and therefore applicable to the whole of
201:
in Australia, and the term is also used to describe the struggle for those rights.
2574:
2536:
2150:"Aboriginal peoples finally to be included in SA Constitution - but 'no' to Treaty"
1782:
1745:
1208:
855:
786:, the powers of the Trust were reviewed and changed to modernise the Trust and the
560:
528:
449:
2231:"From Milirrpum to Mabo: The High Court, Terra Nullius and Moral Entrepreneurship"
1125:
929:
277:, petitioned the federal government to have their land and rights given back. The
2954:
2183:
2011:
1843:
1685:
1010:
748:
635:
278:
250:
179:
175:
112:
27:
Rights and interests of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia
1315:"Overview of Indigenous Affairs: Part 1: 1901 to 1991 – Parliament of Australia"
575:, reintroduced a Bill, though not of the same content, and it was signed by the
3209:
3104:
2976:
2881:
572:
491:
The right and power of Black communities to control their lives and their land.
370:
282:
108:
999:
952:
3255:
2919:
2831:
2496:
2436:
2246:
1003:
889:
Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders
666:
425:
410:
402:
369:(the "Gove land rights case"), when they sought native title rights over the
3109:
3016:
2966:
2871:
2746:
2446:
1152:
Draft of the Order-in-Council Establishing Government 23 February 1836 (UK)
670:
627:
615:
141:
2204:
2163:
Social Analysis: The International Journal of Social and Cultural Practice
130:
under traditional laws and customs, and recognised in accordance with the
2826:
2501:
1213:
835:
736:
662:
652:
631:
473:
274:
96:
2247:"Walker v State of South Australia (No 2) [2013] FCA 700 (2013)"
2174:
1891:. No. 191, 1976: Compilation No. 41. Australian Government. 4 April 2019
2934:
2821:
2816:
2491:
2481:
2426:
2241:(1): 63 – via Australasian Legal Information Institute (AustLII).
1571:
453:
345:
242:
171:
1366:. South Australian Acts (Point-in-Time). Retrieved on 29 January 2012.
3080:
2811:
2251:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
1292:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
1069:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
908:
639:
538:
480:
for "hungry land"). The demands of the protesters were, specifically:
457:
197:
Indigenous land rights relate to the rights and interests in land of
137:
33:
2255:
His Honour quotes Kirby in Fejo, who dismissed an argument that the
238:
Aboriginals Protection and Restriction of the Sale of Opium Act 1897
2551:
2541:
1990:
Government of South Australia. Attorney-General's Dept. Legislation
834:, whose core beliefs may be broadly defined as "see the state as a
607:
465:
429:
270:
187:
1244:
956:
126:
includes rights and interests relating to land and waters held by
826:
771:
375:
286:
1126:"Order-in-Council Establishing Government 23 February 1836 (UK)"
1099:. National Native Title Tribunal. September 2007. Archived from
688:
1436:– via Australasian Legal Information Institute (AustLII).
743:(DOGIT). These were established primarily to administer former
360:
266:
951:
Text was copied from this source, which is available under an
119:. Native title is not a grant or right created by governments.
2891:
2861:
998:
Text was copied from this source, which is available under a
994:
947:
1746:"Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976 (Cth)"
1024:"Land rights and native title in the states and territories"
2521:
222:
Letters Patent establishing the Province of South Australia
2303:
2185:
Coming to terms : Aboriginal title in South Australia
645:
Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Land Rights Act 1981
588:
established the basis upon which Aboriginal people in the
618:
on behalf of all "Aborigines" claiming all of Australia.
245:. This often meant that they were confined to living on
99:
and native title. Land rights are rights created by the
1804:
Lawford, Elliana; Zillman, Stephanie (18 August 2016).
107:
governments. Land rights usually consist of a grant of
1885:"Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976"
770:(1992) cases) is Torres Strait Islander freehold and
494:
Support for all Black struggles, including those for:
2102:"The seriously weird beliefs of Freemen on the land"
1806:"Timeline: From Wave Hill protest to land handbacks"
911:(reclaiming Indigenous jurisdiction – United States)
845:
816:
Since the 2010s, there has been a growing number of
751:. They came about through legislation passed by the
701:
Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976
676:
1833:
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia)
811:
2703:Office of the Registrar of Indigenous Corporations
1416:"The Noongar Settlement: Australia's First Treaty"
1312:
804:(ALT) of Western Australia was established by the
789:Aboriginal Lands Trust of South Australia Act 2013
544:
1874:, 3 December 2008, "Hero of the Maralinga People"
1383:. Museum of Australian Democracy. 8 December 1966
1313:Dow, Coral; Gardiner-Garden, John (10 May 2011).
488:Full compensation for all land seized since 1770.
332:
3253:
224:of 1836, which were issued during the period of
2266:(1998) 195 CLR 96. (This case is based on s 61
2038:"Freemen movement targets Indigenous Australia"
1414:Hobbs, Harry; Williams, George (1 March 2018).
894:Indigenous Australian traditional custodianship
864:Aboriginal land rights legislation in Australia
523:The moratorium as a tactic was copied from the
325:by any Australian government, and predated the
321:(ALT). This was the first major recognition of
256:
82:
3190:Northern Territory National Emergency Response
2693:National Congress of Australia's First Peoples
2136:"A change is gonna come (Timeline, 1900–2010)"
1828:
1826:
1803:
806:Aboriginal Affairs Planning Authority Act 1972
669:, John Bannon and Aboriginal Affairs Minister
614:(1979), attempted (unsuccessfully) to bring a
531:published an article in the November issue of
253:, where they had no rights to land ownership.
2678:Australian Aboriginal Progressive Association
2289:
2218:"Aboriginal timeline: Land & land rights"
1590:
1588:
1413:
1340:"Changing Policies Towards Aboriginal People"
1177:"Aboriginal timeline: Land & land rights"
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
689:Indigenous land tenure by state and territory
2745:
1927:"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander land"
1704:
1622:"Demands of the Moratorium for Black Rights"
1407:
1268:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1200:
228:, included recognition of the rights of the
199:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
60:starting in 1788, and the annexation of the
2228:
2093:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1823:
1446:
1280:
2785:South West Aboriginal Land and Sea Council
2770:Metropolitan Local Aboriginal Land Council
2296:
2282:
1700:
1698:
1585:
1272:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1042:
1000:Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
971:
969:
967:
965:
953:Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
504:b) Full employment on at least award wages
382:
95:There are fundamental differences between
1954:"Native Title Resource Guide: Queensland"
1775:"The History of the Central Land Council"
1647:
1513:
1447:Quinn-Bates, Jennetta (20 January 2022).
1238:
1212:
510:d) Black studies and culture in education
2058:
1906:
1797:
1332:
830:the original ideas are often related to
621:
44:are the rights and interests in land of
2507:National Indigenous Human Rights Awards
2379:People from politics and public service
2160:
2099:
2075:International Journal of Cultic Studies
1877:
1837:Aboriginal land rights and native title
1708:More or less: democracy & new media
1695:
1507:
1466:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1016:
962:
838:with no authority over free citizens".
658:Maralinga Tjarutja Land Rights Act 1984
357:Supreme Court of the Northern Territory
226:British colonisation of South Australia
174:(including the Torres Strait Islands),
14:
3254:
2305:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders
2108:. Australia: Nationwide News Pty Ltd.
2035:
1740:
1738:
1594:
1377:"Aboriginal Lands Trust Act 1966 (SA)"
1357:
1194:
981:National Indigenous Australians Agency
730:Registered Native Title Body Corporate
405:) 1972, by four Aboriginal activists,
317:(SA) established the South Australian
2277:
2215:
2036:Glazov, Ramon (6–12 September 2014).
1570:
1088:
1086:
922:
693:
289:. The strike lasted for eight years.
269:people from the remote settlement of
230:Aboriginal peoples of South Australia
140:, the way in which the processes for
73:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
2487:Literature of Indigenous Australians
2181:
2064:
2016:Original Sovereign Tribal Federation
1161:
795:
721:Torres Strait Islander Land Act 1991
348:which would be available for claim.
3262:Aboriginal land rights in Australia
2229:Van Krieken, Robert (1 July 2000).
1735:
1524:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1482:Collaborating for Indigenous Rights
1472:
435:
24:
18:Aboriginal land rights in Australia
2668:Aborigines Progressive Association
2128:
1648:McGuiness, Bruce (November 1972).
1514:Bourchier, Dan (25 January 2022).
1083:
777:
507:c) Decent housing and no evictions
416:Government's refusal to recognise
285:owned by a large British company,
25:
3283:
1174:
884:Australian Aboriginal Sovereignty
677:1995: Indigenous Land Corporation
626:In 1981 South Australian Premier
557:Aboriginal Land Rights Commission
472:, all under the rallying cry of "
397:was set up on the front lawns of
2100:Stocken, Shelley (8 July 2016).
1752:. Museum of Australian Democracy
1655:Aboriginal and Islander Identity
1344:Australian Law Reform Commission
993:
946:
899:Indigenous treaties in Australia
848:
812:Freemen/sovereign state movement
534:Aboriginal and Islander Identity
525:campaign against the Vietnam War
3006:Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976
2202:
2112:from the original on 9 May 2017
2029:
2004:
1978:
1945:
1889:Federal Register of Legislation
1863:
1849:
1779:Central Land Council, Australia
1767:
1692:. Retrieved on 29 January 2012.
1672:
1650:"A moratorium for Black rights"
1641:
1614:
1576:"A moratorium for black rights"
1564:
1537:
1440:
1395:
1369:
1364:Aboriginal Lands Trust Act 1966
1306:
784:Aboriginal Lands Trust Act 1966
655:'s Labor Government passed the
601:Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976
585:Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976
546:Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976
314:Aboriginal Lands Trust Act 1966
3267:Indigenous Australian politics
3218:Uluru Statement from the Heart
2635:Torres Strait Island languages
1986:"South Australian Legislation"
1635:– via Reason in Revolt.
1595:Gibson, Paddy (24 June 2010).
1319:Home – Parliament of Australia
1157:National Archives of Australia
1144:
1130:Museum of Australian Democracy
1118:
399:Old Parliament House, Canberra
333:1970s activism and legislation
192:National Native Title Tribunal
13:
1:
2683:Australian Aborigines' League
2663:Aborigines Advancement League
2580:Australian Aboriginal English
1665:– via Reason in Revolt.
934:Attorney-General's Department
915:
774:is Aboriginal freehold land.
707:
577:Governor-General of Australia
513:e) Real equality in education
89:Attorney-General's Department
54:Australian Aboriginal culture
2723:National Reconciliation Week
2216:Korff, Jens (25 July 2020).
2141:National Museum of Australia
1846:, retrieved 30 January 2012.
537:magazine about the march in
257:The struggle for land rights
117:traditional laws and customs
83:Description and distinctions
7:
2775:NSW Aboriginal Land Council
2713:Registered Aboriginal Party
2698:National Indigenous Council
2585:Macro-Gunwinyguan languages
2209:Dr Bill Day, anthropologist
1402:Milirrpum v Nabalco Pty Ltd
841:
683:Indigenous Land Corporation
594:Aboriginal land rights acts
366:Milirrpum v Nabalco Pty Ltd
10:
3288:
3153:Constitutional recognition
3022:Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars
2658:Aboriginal Medical Service
1679:Aboriginal Land Rights Act
879:Always was, always will be
782:In the 2013 Review of the
386:
336:
212:
3272:Indigenous Australian law
3140:
2995:
2905:
2802:
2643:
2565:
2547:Traditional custodianship
2407:
2359:
2311:
2264:Fejo v Northern Territory
2182:Berg, Shaun, ed. (2010).
2065:Kent, Stephen A. (2015).
1486:National Museum Australia
1132:. Documenting a democracy
904:Native title in Australia
422:native title in Australia
339:Native title in Australia
263:1963 Yolngu Bark Petition
152:was passed following the
124:Native title in Australia
58:colonisation of Australia
3012:Australian Frontier Wars
2718:Reconciliation Australia
1684:10 November 2010 at the
1550:The Dictionary of Sydney
715:Aboriginal Land Act 1991
3064:Australian history wars
2925:Contemporary visual art
2341:Torres Strait Islanders
1842:26 January 2012 at the
1763:PDF of original version
1750:Documenting A Democracy
1381:Documenting A Democracy
661:to return lands to the
395:Aboriginal Tent Embassy
389:Aboriginal Tent Embassy
383:Aboriginal Tent Embassy
279:1966 Wave Hill Walk-Off
154:High Court of Australia
2760:Kimberley Land Council
2610:Pama–Nyungan languages
2600:Loanwords into English
2517:Religion and mythology
2470:Torres Strait Islander
2321:Aboriginal Australians
1009:12 August 2020 at the
869:Aboriginal land rights
802:Aboriginal Lands Trust
741:Deed of Grant in Trust
521:
418:Aboriginal land rights
323:Aboriginal land rights
319:Aboriginal Lands Trust
128:Indigenous Australians
121:
50:Torres Strait Islander
46:Aboriginal Australians
42:Aboriginal land rights
38:Indigenous land rights
3099:Native Title Act 1993
3034:Cummeragunja walk-off
2780:Northern Land Council
2630:Torres Strait English
2557:Torres Strait Islands
2268:Native Title Act 1993
1871:Sydney Morning Herald
753:Queensland Government
622:1980s South Australia
604:available for claim.
579:on 16 December 1976.
482:
448:and other points, to
337:Further information:
133:Native Title Act 1993
93:
62:Torres Strait Islands
2755:Central Land Council
1785:on 24 September 2020
1690:Central Land Council
1495:on 22 September 2020
1214:10.22459/DHM.09.2009
762:(the subject of the
66:colony of Queensland
2512:Outstation movement
2351:Western Australians
2253:. 17 January 2019.
2188:. Wakefield Press.
2156:. 26 February 2014.
1857:Coe v. Commonwealth
874:Aboriginal reserves
832:far-right movements
818:freemen on the land
760:Mer (Murray) Island
745:Aboriginal reserves
726:northern Queensland
712:In Queensland, the
247:Aboriginal reserves
3205:Stolen Generations
3195:Self-determination
3115:Stolen Generations
3049:Historical figures
3029:Caledon Bay crisis
2852:Fire-stick farming
2765:Maralinga Tjarutja
2384:Performing artists
2043:The Saturday Paper
1933:. 26 February 2016
1714:. Future Leaders.
1545:"Black Moratorium"
1473:McMahon, William.
1404:(1971) 17 FLR 141.
1294:. 10 December 2015
983:. 12 February 2016
977:"Land and Housing"
694:Northern Territory
612:Coe v Commonwealth
590:Northern Territory
569:Whitlam government
426:rights to minerals
359:ruled against the
298:Aboriginal culture
168:Northern Territory
105:state or territory
77:native title cases
3249:
3248:
3132:Western Australia
2867:Possum-skin cloak
2798:
2797:
2790:Tiwi Land Council
2625:Taboo on the dead
2590:Australian Creole
2331:Aboriginal groups
1601:Solidarity Online
1421:Sydney Law Review
1256:978-1-921536-95-3
1106:on 1 October 2009
822:sovereign citizen
796:Western Australia
792:(SA) was passed.
446:Sydney University
353:Richard Blackburn
351:In 1971, Justice
159:Mabo v Queensland
87:According to the
16:(Redirected from
3279:
2743:
2742:
2575:Avoidance speech
2537:Smoking ceremony
2298:
2291:
2284:
2275:
2274:
2261:
2242:
2235:UNSW Law Journal
2225:
2222:Creative Spirits
2212:
2199:
2178:
2157:
2145:
2122:
2121:
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2022:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1966:on 26 March 2015
1965:
1959:. Archived from
1958:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1923:
1904:
1903:
1898:
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1511:
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1494:
1488:. Archived from
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1181:Creative Spirits
1172:
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1002:licence (as per
997:
992:
990:
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973:
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955:licence (as per
950:
945:
943:
941:
926:
858:
856:Australia portal
853:
852:
851:
735:A third type of
651:In 1984 Premier
565:Justice Woodward
561:Royal Commission
529:Bruce McGuinness
450:Sydney Town Hall
436:Black Moratorium
407:Michael Anderson
273:, in north-east
251:mission stations
150:Native Title Act
21:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3185:Media portrayal
3148:1967 Referendum
3136:
3044:Gurindji Strike
3039:Day of Mourning
2991:
2901:
2794:
2741:
2639:
2595:Language groups
2561:
2403:
2355:
2307:
2302:
2245:
2196:
2148:
2134:
2131:
2129:Further reading
2126:
2125:
2115:
2113:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2082:
2069:
2063:
2059:
2049:
2047:
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2020:
2018:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1995:
1993:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1956:
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1946:
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1934:
1925:
1924:
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1894:
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1844:Wayback Machine
1831:
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1686:Wayback Machine
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1011:Wayback Machine
986:
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849:
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798:
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778:South Australia
710:
696:
691:
679:
638:people, as the
636:Yankunytjatjara
624:
551:In the wake of
549:
438:
401:on 26 January (
391:
385:
341:
335:
327:1967 Referendum
306:Thomas Playford
259:
215:
180:South Australia
176:New South Wales
113:perpetual lease
85:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3210:Half-Caste Act
3202:
3200:Reconciliation
3197:
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3178:Protected Area
3175:
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3105:Pilbara strike
3102:
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2882:Spinifex resin
2879:
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2257:Letters Patent
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2194:
2179:
2158:
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2123:
2092:
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2003:
1992:. 24 July 2020
1977:
1944:
1905:
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1223:
1193:
1160:
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1117:
1082:
1041:
1015:
961:
936:. 8 March 2020
930:"Native title"
920:
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912:
906:
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573:Malcolm Fraser
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387:Main article:
384:
381:
371:Gove Peninsula
334:
331:
283:cattle station
258:
255:
214:
211:
207:reconciliation
84:
81:
68:in the 1870s.
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3284:
3273:
3270:
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3265:
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3242:
3241:Voting rights
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3093:Native police
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2645:Organisations
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2437:Deadly Awards
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2223:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2195:9781862548671
2191:
2187:
2186:
2180:
2176:
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2159:
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2068:
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2045:
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2039:
2032:
2017:
2013:
2007:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1962:
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