428:
certified to us that after His resurrection from the dead He was acknowledged by many to be God. Therefore I myself also wished to do what you propose; but, as it is the custom of the Romans not to admit a god merely by the command of the sovereign, but only when the admission has been discussed and examined in full senate, I proposed the affair to the senate, and they rejected it with contempt, doubtless because it had not been considered by them first. But we have commanded all those whom Jesus suits, to receive him among the gods. We have threatened with death any one who shall speak evil of the
Christians. As to the Jewish nation which has dared to crucify Jesus, who, as I hear, far from deserving the cross and death, was worthy of honour, worthy of the adoration of men — when I am free from the war with rebellious Spain, I will examine into the matter, and will treat the Jews as they deserve.
272:
cast out impure spirits and demons, and that you heal those afflicted with lingering disease, and raise the dead. And having heard all these things concerning you, I have concluded that one of two things must be true: either you are God, and, having come down from heaven, you do these things, or else you, who does these things, are the son of God. I have therefore written to you to ask you if you would take the trouble to come to me and heal all the ill which I suffer. For I have heard that the Jews are murmuring against you and are plotting to injure you. But I have a very small yet noble city which is great enough for us both.
163:
315:
419:; Jesus Himself, three days afterwards, rose from the dead and appeared to many. Now, everywhere, His name alone, invoked by His disciples, produces the greatest miracles: what has happened to myself is the most evident proof of it. Your august Majesty knows henceforth what ought to be done in future with respect to the Jewish nation, which has committed this crime; your Majesty knows whether a command should not be published through the whole universe to worship Christ as the true God. Safety and health.
800:
406:, 1-3; 25; 40; 116; 158. He was one of the most intimate friends of Tiberius; he was born and grew up in Rome with Augustus’ nieces, obtained the government of Egypt, a direct possession of the emperor, and probably helped the good relationship between Abgar and Tiberius that is evident in their correspondence.
54:
271:
Abgar, ruler of Edessa, to Jesus the good physician who has appeared in the country of
Jerusalem, greeting. I have heard the reports of you and of your cures as performed by you without medicines or herbs. For it is said that you make the blind to see and the lame to walk, that you cleanse lepers and
260:
This account enjoyed great popularity in the East and in the West during the Middle Ages. Jesus' letter was copied on parchment, inscribed in marble and metal, and used as a talisman or an amulet. Of this correspondence, there survives not only a Syriac text, but an
Armenian translation as well, two
427:
Tiberius, emperor of the Romans, to Abgar, king of the
Armenians, greeting:— Your kind letter has been read to me, and I wish that thanks should be given to you from me. Though we had already heard several persons relate these facts, Pilate has officially informed us of the miracles of Jesus. He has
353:
Significant advances in scholarship on the topic have been made including
Desreumaux's translation with commentary, M. Illert's collection of textual witnesses to the legend, and detailed studies of the ideology of the sources by Brock, Griffith and Mirkovic. The majority of scholars now claim the
280:
Blessed are you who hast believed in me without having seen me. For it is written concerning me, that they who have seen me will not believe in me, and that they who have not seen me will believe and be saved. But in regard to what you have written me, that I should come to you, it is necessary for
885:
The story about this kingdom which
Eusebius relates is as follows. King Abgar (who ruled from AD 13 to 50) was dying. Hearing of Jesus' miracles he sent for him. Jesus wrote back - this correspondence, Eusebius claims, can be found in the Edessan archives - to say that he could not come because he
414:
Abgar, king of
Armenia, to my Lord Tiberius, emperor of the Romans, greeting:— I know that nothing is unknown to your Majesty, but, as your friend, I would make you better acquainted with the facts by writing. The Jews who dwell in the cantons of Palestine have crucified Jesus: Jesus without sin,
1090:
S.P. Brock, Eusebius and Syriac
Christianity, in H.W. Attridge-G. Hata (eds.), Eusebius, Christianity, and Judaism, Brill, Leiden-New York-Köln 1992, pp. 212-234, republished in S. Brock, From Ephrem to Romanos. Interactions between Syriac and Greek in Late Antiquity (Variorum Collected Studies
292:
In addition to the importance it attained in the apocryphal cycle, the correspondence of King Abgar also gained a place in liturgy for some time. The Syriac liturgies commemorate the correspondence of Abgar during Lent. The Celtic liturgy appears to have attached importance to it; the
281:
me to fulfill all things here for which I have been sent, and after I have fulfilled them, thus to be taken up again to him that sent me. But after I have been taken up, I will send to you one of my disciples, that he may heal your disease and give life to you and yours.
415:
Jesus after so many acts of kindness, so many wonders and miracles wrought for their good, even to the raising of the dead. Be assured that these are not the effects of the power of a simple mortal, but of God. During the time that they were crucifying Him,
299:, a manuscript preserved at Trinity College, Dublin (E. 4, 2), gives two collects on the lines of the letter to Abgar. It is even possible that this letter, followed by various prayers, may have formed a minor liturgical office in some Catholic churches.
302:
This event has played an important part in the self-definition of several
Eastern churches. Abgar is counted as saint, with feasts on 11 May and 28 October in the Eastern Orthodox Church, Thursday of the Third Week of Lent (Mid-Lent) in the
240:
recorded that the
Edessan archives contained a copy of a correspondence exchanged between Abgar of Edessa and Jesus. The correspondence consisted of Abgar's letter and the answer dictated by Jesus. On 15 August 944, the
288:
wrote of the letter in her account of her pilgrimage in Edessa. She read the letter during her stay around 384, and remarked that the copy in Edessa was "fuller" than the copies in her home (which was likely France).
938:
Unraveling the Family History of Jesus: A History of the Extended Family of Jesus from 100 Bc Through Ad 100 and the Influence They Had on Him, on the Formation of Christianity, and on the History of Judea
398:
This work seems to preserve very ancient material, such as the information on the friendship between Abgar, correctly called toparkhês of Edessa, and the prefect of Egypt, in my view probably
1539:
264:
Scholars have disputed many aspects of this account such as whether Abgar suffered from gout or from leprosy, or whether the correspondence was on parchment or papyrus.
1443:
402:, who ruled Egypt AD 32 to 38—just the years of Vitellius’ mandate in the Near East and of the Abgar-Tiberius correspondence—and is well known to us thanks to Philo,
350:. However, several distinct sources, known to have not been in contact with one another, claimed to have seen the letters in the archives, so his claim is suspect.
922:
La Géographie ecclésiastique de l'Empire byzantin. 1. Part: Le Siège de Constantinople et le Patriarcat Oecuménique. 3rd Vol. : Les Églises et les Monastères
806:
1456:
1158:
1072:
Histoire du roi Abgar et de Jésus, Présentation et traduction du texte syriaque intégral de la Doctrine d’Addaï par. A. Desreumaux, Brepols, Paris 1993.
1081:
M. Illert (ed.), Doctrina Addai. De imagine Edessena / Die Abgarlegende. Das Christusbild von Edessa (Fontes Christiani, 45), Brepols, Turnhout 2007
1549:
805:
1277:
242:
728:
660:
1102:
886:
had been sent to the people of Israel, but he would send a disciple later. But Abgar was already blessed for having believed in him.
754:
370:. However, the origins of the story are still far from certain, although the stories as recorded seem to have been shaped by the
1504:
327:
A number of contemporary scholars have suggested origins of the tradition of Abgar's conversion apart from historical record.
1529:
851:
578:
371:
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17:
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1559:
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72:
701:
354:
goal of the authors and editors of texts regarding the conversion of Abgar were not so much concerned with
1390:
1227:
815:
1461:
English translation of ancient documents on the conversion of Abgar, including relevant passages from
1534:
899:
308:
1300:
Camplani, Alberto (2009). "Traditions of Christian foundation in Edessa: Between myth and history".
1369:
506:
123:
119:
486:
466:
304:
1457:
Correspondence between Abgarus Ouchama, King of Edessa, and Jesus of Nazareth (J.Lorber, 1842)
1283:
967:
936:
1321:
1152:
973:
562:
399:
1315:
416:
340:
810:. In Roberts, Alexander; Donaldson, James; Coxe, Arthur Cleveland; Schaff, Philip (eds.).
8:
1385:. Arbeiten zur Religion und Geschichte des Urchristentums. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
162:
1472:
261:
independent Greek versions, shorter than the Syriac, and several inscriptions on stone.
1524:
1132:
1021:
367:
332:
226:
198:
68:
1335:"The sociology of MMT and the conversions of King Agbarus and Queen Helen of Adiabene"
1103:"The Doctrina Addai as a Paradigm of Christian Thought in Edessa in the Fifth Century"
314:
1466:
1415:
1334:
1136:
1124:
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Series, CS644), Ashgate/Variorum, Aldershot-Brookfield-Singapore- Sydney 1999, n. II.
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734:
707:
666:
630:
497:
438:
391:
230:
194:
179:
1435:
53:
1394:
1114:
394:, scholars have argued for the core of these being essentially authentic based on:
387:
363:
359:
318:
Fresco from Varaga St. Gevorg church chapel showing king Abgar with image of Christ
285:
1408:
1355:
1330:
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556:
477:
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139:
115:
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246:
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History of Humanity: From the seventh century B.C. to the seventh century A.D.
1493:
1245:
1128:
1119:
917:
607:
30:"Abgar" redirects here. For other people with the given name or surname, see
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686:
328:
222:
31:
966:
662:
The Cambridge Ancient History: Volume 12, The Crisis of Empire, AD 193-337
76:
1314:
1047:
1358:(1997). "Judas the brother of James and the conversion of King Agbar".
924:(in French). Paris: Institut Français d'Etudes Byzantines. p. 172.
818:. Vol. VIII. Translated by Pratten, Benjamin Plummer. Chapter 10.
390:
are also recorded in history, by for instance the Armenian historian
375:
344:
336:
206:
183:
63:
1462:
237:
210:
202:
187:
799:
1383:
Prelude to Constantine: The Abgar tradition in early Christianity
175:
147:
143:
347:
151:
1195:
1451:
555:
521:
171:
627:
Treasures from the Ark: 1700 Years of Armenian Christian Art
197:(ca. 410–490s AD) notes that Abgar V's chief wife was Queen
579:"History of Syriac texts and Syrian Christianity - Table 1"
366:
power, based on the political and ecclesiological ideas of
331:
argued the legend was written without sources to reinforce
58:
1028:
870:
The triumph of the meek: why early Christianity succeeded
1246:"CHURCH FATHERS: History of Armenia (Moses of Chorene)"
1207:
1185:
1183:
1170:
1168:
1054:
1048:"CHURCH FATHERS: History of Armenia (Moses of Chorene)"
276:
Jesus gave the messenger the reply to return to Abgar:
659:
Bowman, Alan; Garnsey, Peter; Cameron, Averil (2005).
649:
Armenian Van/Vaspurakan - p.68, Richard G. Hovannisian
511:
1540:
Converts to Christianity from ancient Roman religions
27:
1st century AD King of Osroene and 1st Christian King
1439:
Acts of the Holy Apostle Thaddeus, One of the Twelve
1180:
1165:
812:
Memoirs of Edessa And Other Ancient Syriac Documents
658:
491:
471:
989:"CHURCH FATHERS: Church History, Book I (Eusebius)"
823:
687:"Osroëne | ancient kingdom, Mesopotamia, Asia"
1407:
1302:Studi e materiali di storia delle religioni (SMSR)
1282:. Philadelphia, PA: Fortress Press. Archived from
1228:"Possible Historical Traces in the Doctrina Addai"
1477:. London, UK: Williams and Norgate. pp. 1–23
1445:Epistle of Jesus Christ to Abgarus King of Edessa
417:the sun was darkened, the earth was moved, shaken
1491:
1157:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
772:Laet, Sigfried J. de; Herrmann, Joachim (1996).
699:
186:, but modern scholarly consensus agree that the
727:Roberts, John Morris; Westad, Odd Arne (2013).
381:
1452:St. Apkar Armenian Apostolic Church of Arizona
1139:. Archived from the original on 21 August 2003
1279:Orthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Christianity
803:
726:
225:kings, having been converted to the faith by
771:
1389:
960:
958:
216:
700:Skolnik, Fred; Berenbaum, Michael (2007).
624:
1118:
841:
410:Abgar's initial letter to Tiberius read:
1380:
1354:
1329:
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1213:
1201:
1189:
1174:
1100:
1094:
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629:. Oxford University Press. p. 224.
313:
161:
1550:Saints of the Armenian Apostolic Church
1470:
1374:A biographical dictionary of the saints
1368:
1312:
1225:
829:
362:of Edessa as the relationships between
322:
221:Abgar V is said to be one of the first
134:(c. 1st century BC – c. AD 50), called
14:
1492:
1405:
995:
934:
553:
386:Letters between Abgar V and the Roman
1272:
1034:
916:
910:
866:
547:
372:controversies of the third century CE
253:. Both relics were then moved to the
1325:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
977:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
935:Norris, Steven Donald (2016-01-11).
566:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
481:
170:Abgar was described as "king of the
1376:. St. Louis, MO: B. Herder Book Co.
1296:(German original published in 1934)
1010:. Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society.
1001:
461:
24:
255:Church of the Virgin of the Pharos
25:
1571:
1429:
1342:Paper presented at SBL conference
1232:Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies
1107:Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies
873:. Harper & Row. p. 125.
1319:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
971:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
798:
576:
560:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
243:Church of St. Mary of Blachernae
52:
1436:Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. VIII:
1238:
1219:
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1075:
1066:
1040:
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981:
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891:
860:
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792:
765:
747:
720:
307:, and daily in the Mass of the
166:Abgar V on an Armenian banknote
46:Ruler of the kingdom of Osroene
1313:Chapman, Henry Palmer (1913).
693:
679:
665:. Cambridge University Press.
652:
643:
618:
600:
570:
451:
374:, especially as a response to
190:were in fact an Arab dynasty.
178:, a near-contemporary source.
13:
1:
1505:Syriac Orthodox Church saints
755:"ABGAR Encyclopaedia Iranica"
541:
157:
1530:1st-century Christian saints
1381:Mirkovic, Alexander (2004).
1101:Griffith, Sidney H. (2003).
1022:"Feast: Mid-Lent/King Abgar"
492:
382:Letters of Abgar to Tiberius
267:The text of the letter was:
249:received the letter and the
7:
1391:von Tischendorf, Constantin
968:"The Legend of Abgar"
733:. Oxford University Press.
706:. Macmillan Reference USA.
512:
472:
462:أَبْجَر ٱلْخَامِس أُوكَامَا
432:
73:Saint Catherine's Monastery
10:
1576:
1520:1st-century BC Arab people
1361:James the Brother of Jesus
1266:
1008:University of Pennsylvania
1004:"The Pilgrimage of Egeria"
867:Walsh, Michael J. (1986).
842:Fortescue, Adrian (1913).
807:"History of Armenia"
522:
29:
1410:Holy faces, secret places
1316:"Doctrine of Addai"
625:Nersessian, Vrej (2001).
513:Abgar Hingerord Yedesatsi
501:
356:historical reconstruction
309:Armenian Apostolic Church
111:
104:
92:
84:
51:
44:
39:
1474:Ancient Syriac documents
1226:Ramelli, Ilaria (2011).
1120:10.31826/hug-2010-060111
965:Leclercq, Henri (1913).
730:The History of the World
444:
217:Letter of Abgar to Jesus
138:(meaning "the Black" in
124:Oriental Orthodox Church
1515:1st-century Arab people
1500:Syrian Christian saints
844:Lesser Eastern Churches
583:www.syriac.talktalk.net
554:Vailhé, Siméon (1913).
120:Eastern Orthodox Church
67:, the image of Christ (
1545:Christian royal saints
1399:Acta apostolorum apocr
531:
493:ʾAḇgar Ḥmīšāyā ʾUkkāmā
473:ʾAbǧar al-Ḫāmis ʾŪkāmā
430:
423:Tiberius' reply read:
421:
408:
319:
305:Syriac Orthodox Church
283:
274:
167:
142:and other dialects of
1560:Legendary Arab people
1555:Arab Christian saints
1510:1st-century BC births
1322:Catholic Encyclopedia
974:Catholic Encyclopedia
759:www.iranicaonline.org
703:Encyclopaedia Judaica
563:Catholic Encyclopedia
425:
412:
396:
317:
278:
269:
236:The church historian
205:was the wife of King
182:depicted Abgar as an
165:
61:of Abgar holding the
1471:Cureton, W. (1864).
1406:Wilson, Ian (1991).
341:apostolic succession
323:Critical scholarship
150:with his capital at
816:Ante-Nicene Fathers
804:Movses Khorenatsi.
400:A. Avillius Flaccus
201:, who according to
193:Armenian historian
146:), was the King of
368:Ephraem the Syrian
333:group cohesiveness
320:
227:Thaddeus of Edessa
199:Helena of Adiabene
168:
1469:are available in
1467:Doctrine of Addai
1393:. "Acta Thaddei (
1286:on 18 August 2000
1250:www.newadvent.org
941:. WestBow Press.
853:978-0-9715986-2-1
510:
490:
482:ܐܒܓܪ ܚܡܝܫܝܐ ܐܘܟܡܐ
470:
439:Doctrine of Addai
392:Movses Khorenatsi
231:seventy disciples
129:
128:
112:Venerated in
100:
99:
40:Abgar V of Edessa
18:Abgar V of Edessa
16:(Redirected from
1567:
1535:Kings of Osroene
1486:
1484:
1482:
1425:
1413:
1402:
1401:. p. 261ff.
1395:Acts of Thaddeus
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180:Moses of Chorene
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1113:(2): 269–292.
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636:978-0892366392
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577:Ring, Steven.
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1308:(1): 251–278.
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1274:Bauer, Walter
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1214:Mirkovic 2004
1210:
1204:, §3 and §28.
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589:on 2018-02-27
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1345:, retrieved
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1288:. Retrieved
1284:the original
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1253:. Retrieved
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1153:cite journal
1141:. Retrieved
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1037:, Chapter 1.
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32:Abgar (name)
903:, I, xiii,
348:schismatics
106:Saint Abgar
77:Mount Sinai
1494:Categories
1290:25 January
1143:25 January
1035:Bauer 1971
610:The Annals
593:2018-02-26
542:References
404:In Flaccum
158:Background
1525:50 deaths
1137:212688514
1129:1097-3702
507:romanized
487:romanized
467:romanized
376:Bardaisan
345:heretical
337:orthodoxy
251:Mandylion
223:Christian
207:Monobaz I
69:encaustic
64:mandylion
1465:and the
1463:Eusebius
1372:(1924).
1347:21 March
1333:(1992),
1276:(1971).
920:(1953).
778:UNESCO.
498:Armenian
433:See also
343:against
238:Eusebius
211:Adiabene
203:Josephus
188:Abgarids
184:Armenian
96:c. AD 50
1481:15 June
1267:Sources
907:AD 325.
897:In his
532:Abgarus
523:Ἄβγαρος
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176:Tacitus
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144:Aramaic
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286:Egeria
152:Edessa
140:Syriac
136:Ukkāmā
1338:(PDF)
1255:7 May
1133:S2CID
528:Latin
518:Greek
445:Notes
174:" by
172:Arabs
1483:2017
1416:ISBN
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1349:2017
1292:2017
1257:2023
1159:link
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