417:
certified to us that after His resurrection from the dead He was acknowledged by many to be God. Therefore I myself also wished to do what you propose; but, as it is the custom of the Romans not to admit a god merely by the command of the sovereign, but only when the admission has been discussed and examined in full senate, I proposed the affair to the senate, and they rejected it with contempt, doubtless because it had not been considered by them first. But we have commanded all those whom Jesus suits, to receive him among the gods. We have threatened with death any one who shall speak evil of the
Christians. As to the Jewish nation which has dared to crucify Jesus, who, as I hear, far from deserving the cross and death, was worthy of honour, worthy of the adoration of men — when I am free from the war with rebellious Spain, I will examine into the matter, and will treat the Jews as they deserve.
261:
cast out impure spirits and demons, and that you heal those afflicted with lingering disease, and raise the dead. And having heard all these things concerning you, I have concluded that one of two things must be true: either you are God, and, having come down from heaven, you do these things, or else you, who does these things, are the son of God. I have therefore written to you to ask you if you would take the trouble to come to me and heal all the ill which I suffer. For I have heard that the Jews are murmuring against you and are plotting to injure you. But I have a very small yet noble city which is great enough for us both.
152:
304:
408:; Jesus Himself, three days afterwards, rose from the dead and appeared to many. Now, everywhere, His name alone, invoked by His disciples, produces the greatest miracles: what has happened to myself is the most evident proof of it. Your august Majesty knows henceforth what ought to be done in future with respect to the Jewish nation, which has committed this crime; your Majesty knows whether a command should not be published through the whole universe to worship Christ as the true God. Safety and health.
789:
395:, 1-3; 25; 40; 116; 158. He was one of the most intimate friends of Tiberius; he was born and grew up in Rome with Augustus’ nieces, obtained the government of Egypt, a direct possession of the emperor, and probably helped the good relationship between Abgar and Tiberius that is evident in their correspondence.
43:
260:
Abgar, ruler of Edessa, to Jesus the good physician who has appeared in the country of
Jerusalem, greeting. I have heard the reports of you and of your cures as performed by you without medicines or herbs. For it is said that you make the blind to see and the lame to walk, that you cleanse lepers and
249:
This account enjoyed great popularity in the East and in the West during the Middle Ages. Jesus' letter was copied on parchment, inscribed in marble and metal, and used as a talisman or an amulet. Of this correspondence, there survives not only a Syriac text, but an
Armenian translation as well, two
416:
Tiberius, emperor of the Romans, to Abgar, king of the
Armenians, greeting:— Your kind letter has been read to me, and I wish that thanks should be given to you from me. Though we had already heard several persons relate these facts, Pilate has officially informed us of the miracles of Jesus. He has
342:
Significant advances in scholarship on the topic have been made including
Desreumaux's translation with commentary, M. Illert's collection of textual witnesses to the legend, and detailed studies of the ideology of the sources by Brock, Griffith and Mirkovic. The majority of scholars now claim the
269:
Blessed are you who hast believed in me without having seen me. For it is written concerning me, that they who have seen me will not believe in me, and that they who have not seen me will believe and be saved. But in regard to what you have written me, that I should come to you, it is necessary for
874:
The story about this kingdom which
Eusebius relates is as follows. King Abgar (who ruled from AD 13 to 50) was dying. Hearing of Jesus' miracles he sent for him. Jesus wrote back - this correspondence, Eusebius claims, can be found in the Edessan archives - to say that he could not come because he
403:
Abgar, king of
Armenia, to my Lord Tiberius, emperor of the Romans, greeting:— I know that nothing is unknown to your Majesty, but, as your friend, I would make you better acquainted with the facts by writing. The Jews who dwell in the cantons of Palestine have crucified Jesus: Jesus without sin,
1079:
S.P. Brock, Eusebius and Syriac
Christianity, in H.W. Attridge-G. Hata (eds.), Eusebius, Christianity, and Judaism, Brill, Leiden-New York-Köln 1992, pp. 212-234, republished in S. Brock, From Ephrem to Romanos. Interactions between Syriac and Greek in Late Antiquity (Variorum Collected Studies
281:
In addition to the importance it attained in the apocryphal cycle, the correspondence of King Abgar also gained a place in liturgy for some time. The Syriac liturgies commemorate the correspondence of Abgar during Lent. The Celtic liturgy appears to have attached importance to it; the
270:
me to fulfill all things here for which I have been sent, and after I have fulfilled them, thus to be taken up again to him that sent me. But after I have been taken up, I will send to you one of my disciples, that he may heal your disease and give life to you and yours.
404:
Jesus after so many acts of kindness, so many wonders and miracles wrought for their good, even to the raising of the dead. Be assured that these are not the effects of the power of a simple mortal, but of God. During the time that they were crucifying Him,
288:, a manuscript preserved at Trinity College, Dublin (E. 4, 2), gives two collects on the lines of the letter to Abgar. It is even possible that this letter, followed by various prayers, may have formed a minor liturgical office in some Catholic churches.
291:
This event has played an important part in the self-definition of several
Eastern churches. Abgar is counted as saint, with feasts on 11 May and 28 October in the Eastern Orthodox Church, Thursday of the Third Week of Lent (Mid-Lent) in the
229:
recorded that the
Edessan archives contained a copy of a correspondence exchanged between Abgar of Edessa and Jesus. The correspondence consisted of Abgar's letter and the answer dictated by Jesus. On 15 August 944, the
277:
wrote of the letter in her account of her pilgrimage in Edessa. She read the letter during her stay around 384, and remarked that the copy in Edessa was "fuller" than the copies in her home (which was likely France).
927:
Unraveling the Family History of Jesus: A History of the Extended Family of Jesus from 100 Bc Through Ad 100 and the Influence They Had on Him, on the Formation of Christianity, and on the History of Judea
387:
This work seems to preserve very ancient material, such as the information on the friendship between Abgar, correctly called toparkhês of Edessa, and the prefect of Egypt, in my view probably
1528:
253:
Scholars have disputed many aspects of this account such as whether Abgar suffered from gout or from leprosy, or whether the correspondence was on parchment or papyrus.
1432:
391:, who ruled Egypt AD 32 to 38—just the years of Vitellius’ mandate in the Near East and of the Abgar-Tiberius correspondence—and is well known to us thanks to Philo,
339:. However, several distinct sources, known to have not been in contact with one another, claimed to have seen the letters in the archives, so his claim is suspect.
911:
La Géographie ecclésiastique de l'Empire byzantin. 1. Part: Le Siège de Constantinople et le Patriarcat Oecuménique. 3rd Vol. : Les Églises et les Monastères
795:
1445:
1147:
1061:
Histoire du roi Abgar et de Jésus, Présentation et traduction du texte syriaque intégral de la Doctrine d’Addaï par. A. Desreumaux, Brepols, Paris 1993.
1070:
M. Illert (ed.), Doctrina Addai. De imagine Edessena / Die Abgarlegende. Das Christusbild von Edessa (Fontes Christiani, 45), Brepols, Turnhout 2007
1538:
794:
1266:
231:
717:
649:
1091:
875:
had been sent to the people of Israel, but he would send a disciple later. But Abgar was already blessed for having believed in him.
743:
359:. However, the origins of the story are still far from certain, although the stories as recorded seem to have been shaped by the
1493:
316:
A number of contemporary scholars have suggested origins of the tradition of Abgar's conversion apart from historical record.
1518:
840:
567:
360:
1508:
762:
623:
243:
1408:
1349:
935:
867:
772:
727:
700:
659:
1503:
1488:
1533:
1548:
1543:
1498:
992:
61:
690:
343:
goal of the authors and editors of texts regarding the conversion of Abgar were not so much concerned with
1379:
1216:
804:
1450:
English translation of ancient documents on the conversion of Abgar, including relevant passages from
1523:
888:
297:
1289:
Camplani, Alberto (2009). "Traditions of Christian foundation in Edessa: Between myth and history".
1358:
495:
112:
108:
475:
455:
293:
1446:
Correspondence between Abgarus Ouchama, King of Edessa, and Jesus of Nazareth (J.Lorber, 1842)
1272:
956:
925:
1310:
1141:
962:
551:
388:
1304:
405:
329:
799:. In Roberts, Alexander; Donaldson, James; Coxe, Arthur Cleveland; Schaff, Philip (eds.).
8:
1374:. Arbeiten zur Religion und Geschichte des Urchristentums. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
151:
1461:
250:
independent Greek versions, shorter than the Syriac, and several inscriptions on stone.
1513:
1121:
1010:
356:
321:
215:
187:
57:
1324:"The sociology of MMT and the conversions of King Agbarus and Queen Helen of Adiabene"
1092:"The Doctrina Addai as a Paradigm of Christian Thought in Edessa in the Fifth Century"
303:
1455:
1404:
1323:
1125:
1113:
1080:
Series, CS644), Ashgate/Variorum, Aldershot-Brookfield-Singapore- Sydney 1999, n. II.
931:
863:
836:
768:
723:
696:
655:
619:
486:
427:
380:
219:
183:
168:
1424:
42:
1383:
1103:
383:, scholars have argued for the core of these being essentially authentic based on:
376:
352:
348:
307:
Fresco from Varaga St. Gevorg church chapel showing king Abgar with image of Christ
274:
1397:
1344:
1319:
857:
575:
545:
466:
446:
239:
128:
104:
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506:
344:
284:
235:
977:
764:
History of Humanity: From the seventh century B.C. to the seventh century A.D.
1482:
1234:
1117:
1108:
906:
596:
19:"Abgar" redirects here. For other people with the given name or surname, see
1262:
675:
317:
211:
20:
955:
651:
The Cambridge Ancient History: Volume 12, The Crisis of Empire, AD 193-337
65:
1303:
1036:
1347:(1997). "Judas the brother of James and the conversion of King Agbar".
913:(in French). Paris: Institut Français d'Etudes Byzantines. p. 172.
807:. Vol. VIII. Translated by Pratten, Benjamin Plummer. Chapter 10.
379:
are also recorded in history, by for instance the Armenian historian
364:
333:
325:
195:
172:
52:
1451:
226:
199:
191:
176:
788:
1372:
Prelude to Constantine: The Abgar tradition in early Christianity
164:
136:
132:
336:
140:
1184:
1440:
544:
510:
160:
616:
Treasures from the Ark: 1700 Years of Armenian Christian Art
186:(ca. 410–490s AD) notes that Abgar V's chief wife was Queen
568:"History of Syriac texts and Syrian Christianity - Table 1"
355:
power, based on the political and ecclesiological ideas of
320:
argued the legend was written without sources to reinforce
47:
1017:
859:
The triumph of the meek: why early Christianity succeeded
1235:"CHURCH FATHERS: History of Armenia (Moses of Chorene)"
1196:
1174:
1172:
1159:
1157:
1043:
1037:"CHURCH FATHERS: History of Armenia (Moses of Chorene)"
265:
Jesus gave the messenger the reply to return to Abgar:
648:
Bowman, Alan; Garnsey, Peter; Cameron, Averil (2005).
638:
Armenian Van/Vaspurakan - p.68, Richard G. Hovannisian
500:
1529:
Converts to Christianity from ancient Roman religions
16:
1st century AD King of Osroene and 1st Christian King
1428:
Acts of the Holy Apostle Thaddeus, One of the Twelve
1169:
1154:
801:
Memoirs of Edessa And Other Ancient Syriac Documents
647:
480:
460:
978:"CHURCH FATHERS: Church History, Book I (Eusebius)"
812:
676:"Osroëne | ancient kingdom, Mesopotamia, Asia"
1396:
1291:Studi e materiali di storia delle religioni (SMSR)
1271:. Philadelphia, PA: Fortress Press. Archived from
1217:"Possible Historical Traces in the Doctrina Addai"
1466:. London, UK: Williams and Norgate. pp. 1–23
1434:Epistle of Jesus Christ to Abgarus King of Edessa
406:the sun was darkened, the earth was moved, shaken
1480:
1146:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
761:Laet, Sigfried J. de; Herrmann, Joachim (1996).
688:
175:, but modern scholarly consensus agree that the
716:Roberts, John Morris; Westad, Odd Arne (2013).
370:
1441:St. Apkar Armenian Apostolic Church of Arizona
1128:. Archived from the original on 21 August 2003
1268:Orthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Christianity
792:
715:
214:kings, having been converted to the faith by
760:
1378:
949:
947:
205:
689:Skolnik, Fred; Berenbaum, Michael (2007).
613:
1107:
830:
399:Abgar's initial letter to Tiberius read:
1369:
1343:
1318:
1288:
1202:
1190:
1178:
1163:
1089:
1083:
1049:
953:
944:
618:. Oxford University Press. p. 224.
302:
150:
1539:Saints of the Armenian Apostolic Church
1459:
1363:A biographical dictionary of the saints
1357:
1301:
1214:
818:
351:of Edessa as the relationships between
311:
210:Abgar V is said to be one of the first
123:(c. 1st century BC – c. AD 50), called
1481:
1394:
984:
923:
542:
375:Letters between Abgar V and the Roman
1261:
1023:
905:
899:
855:
536:
361:controversies of the third century CE
242:. Both relics were then moved to the
1314:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
966:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
924:Norris, Steven Donald (2016-01-11).
555:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
470:
159:Abgar was described as "king of the
1365:. St. Louis, MO: B. Herder Book Co.
1285:(German original published in 1934)
999:. Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society.
990:
450:
13:
244:Church of the Virgin of the Pharos
14:
1560:
1418:
1331:Paper presented at SBL conference
1221:Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies
1096:Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies
862:. Harper & Row. p. 125.
1308:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
960:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
787:
565:
549:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
232:Church of St. Mary of Blachernae
41:
1425:Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. VIII:
1227:
1208:
1073:
1064:
1055:
1029:
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970:
917:
880:
849:
824:
781:
754:
736:
709:
296:, and daily in the Mass of the
155:Abgar V on an Armenian banknote
35:Ruler of the kingdom of Osroene
1302:Chapman, Henry Palmer (1913).
682:
668:
654:. Cambridge University Press.
641:
632:
607:
589:
559:
440:
363:, especially as a response to
179:were in fact an Arab dynasty.
167:, a near-contemporary source.
1:
1494:Syriac Orthodox Church saints
744:"ABGAR Encyclopaedia Iranica"
530:
146:
1519:1st-century Christian saints
1370:Mirkovic, Alexander (2004).
1090:Griffith, Sidney H. (2003).
1011:"Feast: Mid-Lent/King Abgar"
481:
371:Letters of Abgar to Tiberius
256:The text of the letter was:
238:received the letter and the
7:
1380:von Tischendorf, Constantin
957:"The Legend of Abgar"
722:. Oxford University Press.
695:. Macmillan Reference USA.
501:
461:
451:أَبْجَر ٱلْخَامِس أُوكَامَا
421:
62:Saint Catherine's Monastery
10:
1565:
1509:1st-century BC Arab people
1350:James the Brother of Jesus
1255:
997:University of Pennsylvania
993:"The Pilgrimage of Egeria"
856:Walsh, Michael J. (1986).
831:Fortescue, Adrian (1913).
796:"History of Armenia"
511:
18:
1399:Holy faces, secret places
1305:"Doctrine of Addai"
614:Nersessian, Vrej (2001).
502:Abgar Hingerord Yedesatsi
490:
345:historical reconstruction
298:Armenian Apostolic Church
100:
93:
81:
73:
40:
33:
28:
1463:Ancient Syriac documents
1215:Ramelli, Ilaria (2011).
1109:10.31826/hug-2010-060111
954:Leclercq, Henri (1913).
719:The History of the World
433:
206:Letter of Abgar to Jesus
127:(meaning "the Black" in
113:Oriental Orthodox Church
1504:1st-century Arab people
1489:Syrian Christian saints
833:Lesser Eastern Churches
572:www.syriac.talktalk.net
543:Vailhé, Siméon (1913).
109:Eastern Orthodox Church
56:, the image of Christ (
1534:Christian royal saints
1388:Acta apostolorum apocr
520:
482:ʾAḇgar Ḥmīšāyā ʾUkkāmā
462:ʾAbǧar al-Ḫāmis ʾŪkāmā
419:
412:Tiberius' reply read:
410:
397:
308:
294:Syriac Orthodox Church
272:
263:
156:
131:and other dialects of
1549:Legendary Arab people
1544:Arab Christian saints
1499:1st-century BC births
1311:Catholic Encyclopedia
963:Catholic Encyclopedia
748:www.iranicaonline.org
692:Encyclopaedia Judaica
552:Catholic Encyclopedia
414:
401:
385:
306:
267:
258:
225:The church historian
194:was the wife of King
171:depicted Abgar as an
154:
50:of Abgar holding the
1460:Cureton, W. (1864).
1395:Wilson, Ian (1991).
330:apostolic succession
312:Critical scholarship
139:with his capital at
805:Ante-Nicene Fathers
793:Movses Khorenatsi.
389:A. Avillius Flaccus
190:, who according to
182:Armenian historian
135:), was the King of
357:Ephraem the Syrian
322:group cohesiveness
309:
216:Thaddeus of Edessa
188:Helena of Adiabene
157:
1458:are available in
1456:Doctrine of Addai
1382:. "Acta Thaddei (
1275:on 18 August 2000
1239:www.newadvent.org
930:. WestBow Press.
842:978-0-9715986-2-1
499:
479:
471:ܐܒܓܪ ܚܡܝܫܝܐ ܐܘܟܡܐ
459:
428:Doctrine of Addai
381:Movses Khorenatsi
220:seventy disciples
118:
117:
101:Venerated in
89:
88:
29:Abgar V of Edessa
1556:
1524:Kings of Osroene
1475:
1473:
1471:
1414:
1402:
1391:
1390:. p. 261ff.
1384:Acts of Thaddeus
1375:
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349:Christianisation
184:Moses of Chorene
169:Moses of Chorene
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1102:(2): 269–292.
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625:978-0892366392
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566:Ring, Steven.
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546:"Edessa"
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1437:from Eusebius
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1297:(1): 251–278.
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1263:Bauer, Walter
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1203:Mirkovic 2004
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1193:, §3 and §28.
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578:on 2018-02-27
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1273:the original
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1142:cite journal
1130:. Retrieved
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1026:, Chapter 1.
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892:, I, xiii,
337:schismatics
95:Saint Abgar
66:Mount Sinai
1483:Categories
1279:25 January
1132:25 January
1024:Bauer 1971
599:The Annals
582:2018-02-26
531:References
393:In Flaccum
147:Background
1514:50 deaths
1126:212688514
1118:1097-3702
496:romanized
476:romanized
456:romanized
365:Bardaisan
334:heretical
326:orthodoxy
240:Mandylion
212:Christian
196:Monobaz I
58:encaustic
53:mandylion
1454:and the
1452:Eusebius
1361:(1924).
1336:21 March
1322:(1992),
1265:(1971).
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767:UNESCO.
487:Armenian
422:See also
332:against
227:Eusebius
200:Adiabene
192:Josephus
177:Abgarids
173:Armenian
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886:In his
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141:Edessa
129:Syriac
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1122:S2CID
517:Latin
507:Greek
434:Notes
163:" by
161:Arabs
1472:2017
1405:ISBN
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1338:2017
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