375:
47:
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374:
458:
have caused the value of the magnitude for a particular star to vary from manuscript to manuscript. Al-Ṣūfī organized the stars in each of his drawings into two groups: those that form the image depicted, and others that are in close proximity to the image. He identified and described stars not
466:
was written, Al-Ṣūfī added 12° 42' to all the longitudes values provided by
Ptolemy. Al-Ṣūfī differed from Ptolemy by having a three level scale to measure the magnitude of stars instead of a two level scale. This extra level increased the precision of his measurements. His methodology for
1002:. "… is the honored, the perfect, the most intelligent and the friend of the King Adud al-Dawla Fanakhasru Shahenshah Ibn Buwaih. He is the author of the most honored books in the science of astronomy. He was originally from Nisa and is of a Persian descent."
605:. "… is the honored, the perfect, the most intelligent and the friend of the King Adud al-Dawla Fanakhasru Shahenshah ibn Buwayh. He is the author of the most honored books in the science of astronomy. He was originally from Nisa and is of a Persian descent."
830:
Artistic
Aspects of Sultan Bayezid II's Book Treasury Collection: Extant Volumes Preserved at the Topkapı Palace Museum Library (Treasures of Knowledge: An Inventory of the Ottoman Palace Library (1502/3-1503/4) (2
806:
Artistic
Aspects of Sultan Bayezid II's Book Treasury Collection: Extant Volumes Preserved at the Topkapı Palace Museum Library (Treasures of Knowledge: An Inventory of the Ottoman Palace Library (1502/3-1503/4) (2
1164:
459:
included by
Ptolemy, but he did not include them in his own star charts. Stating that his charts were modelled after Ptolemy, he left the stars excluded in Ptolemy's catalogue out of his charts as well.
428:, and the other from the perspective of looking at the sky while standing on the Earth. He separated them into three groups; 21 seen from the north, 15 seen from the south, and the 12
321:, finding numerous additional uses for it: According to American Near Eastern scholar Adam L. Bean, Al-Ṣūfī's work reportedly described over 1000 different uses in areas as diverse as
1031:
Hafez, Ihsan; Stephenson, Richard; Orchiston, Wayne (2011). "Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi and his Book of the Fixed Stars". In
Orchiston, Wayne; Nakamura, Tsuko; Strom, Richard G. (eds.).
424:
with Arabic ones, linking those that were the same. He included two illustrations of each constellation, one showing the orientation of the stars from the perspective outside the
297:, but this seems to be a misunderstanding of a reference to some stars south of Canopus which he admits he has not seen. He also made the earliest recorded observation of the
1132:
New
Insights From Recent Studies in Historical Astronomy: Following in the Footsteps of F. Richard Stephenson: A Meeting to Honor F. Richard Stephenson on His 70th Birthday
217:ʿAbd al-Rahmān al-Ṣūfī (full name: Abū’l-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿUmar ibn Sahl al-Ṣūfī al-Rāzī) was one of the nine famous Muslim astronomers. He lived at the court of
1354:
1184:
Schaefer, Bradley E. (2013). "The
Thousand Star Magnitudes in the Catalogues of Ptolemy, Al Sufi, and Tycho are All Corrected for Atmospheric Extinction".
2745:
549:
992:
Highlighting the history of astronomy in the Asia-Pacific region: proceedings of the ICOA-6 conference. Astrophysics and Space
Science Proceedings
595:
Highlighting the history of astronomy in the Asia-Pacific region: proceedings of the ICOA-6 conference. Astrophysics and Space
Science Proceedings
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1415:
554:
46:
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1347:
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1363:
250:
deviated from those by
Ptolemy; just over half of al-Ṣūfī's magnitudes being identical to Ptolemy's. A Persian, al-Ṣūfī wrote in
2160:
2765:
2181:
1931:
1256:
1144:
1046:
1021:
999:
761:
602:
462:
To allow for the longitudinal placement of the stars within constellations having changed over the eight centuries since the
921:
1340:
1130:
293:
Al-Ṣūfī made his astronomical observations at a latitude of 32.7N° in Isfahan. It has been claimed that he identified the
2706:
1885:
2675:
2068:
1830:
2002:
1327:
Al-Sūfī’s Book of the Constellations of the Fixed Stars and its Influence on Islamic and Western Celestial Cartography
1065:
2032:
2022:
437:
436:, that included the names and numbers of the individual stars in each of the 48 constellations, and each star's
2770:
1890:
1825:
1174:
958:
478:, it took more than 1000 years until the first partial English translation of the book was published in 2010.
1941:
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1966:
1845:
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2500:
2374:
1420:
490:
1241:
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616:
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1496:
1312:
Liber locis stellarum fixarum, 964, manoscritto del 1417 riprodotto il 1730 da www.atlascoelestis.com
2142:
1723:
1607:
1266:
Upton, Joseph M. (1933). "A Manuscript of "The Book of the Fixed Stars" by ʿAbd Ar-Raḥmān Aṣ-Ṣūfī".
1956:
1850:
1728:
1491:
1451:
1115:
1946:
1961:
1910:
1572:
1562:
1501:
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403:
369:
229:
174:
139:
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8:
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1316:
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1243:
Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures
1521:
1207:
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500:
Al-Ṣūfī's astronomical work was subsequently used by many other astronomers, including
247:
126:
186:"), written in 964, included both textual descriptions and illustrations. The Persian
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1971:
1905:
1900:
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1231:
1219:
1170:
1140:
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1032:
1017:
995:
990:
by Ihsan Hafez, Richard F. Stephenson, Wayne Orchiston (2011). In: Orchiston, Wayne,
757:
598:
593:
by Ihsan Hafez, Richard F. Stephenson, Wayne Orchiston (2011). In: Orchiston, Wayne,
467:
determining these magnitude measurements cannot be found in any of his extant texts.
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322:
221:
89:
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715:
522:
in memory of the astronomer. The first competition was held in 2006 in the north of
52:
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2012:
1997:
1992:
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161:
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1169:. Brill's Studies in Intellectual History. Leiden; New York; Cologne: E.J. Brill.
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1007:
988:ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Şūfī and his Book of the Fixed Stars: A Journey of Re-discovery
925:
903:ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ṣūfī and his book of the fixed stars: a journey of re-discovery
778:
753:
591:ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ṣūfī and his Book of the Fixed Stars: A Journey of Re-discovery
508:
425:
278:
20:
1632:
1166:
The 'Arabik' Interest of the Natural Philosophers in Seventeenth Century England
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2435:
2221:
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1713:
1698:
1683:
1647:
1516:
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at the time. This book describes 48 constellations and the stars within them.
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1926:
1794:
1708:
1308:, and information and links relating to the work (self-published, in Italian)
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2017:
1951:
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534:. More than 100 attendees from Iran and Iraq participated in these events.
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242:. He made corrections to Ptolemy's star list, and his estimations of star
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The Astronomy Society of Iran – Amateur Committee has held international
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1987:
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243:
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112:
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285:, which were completely unrelated and overlapped in complicated ways.
261:
Al-Ṣūfī was a major contributor to the translation into Arabic of the
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2007:
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1302:
Abd ar-Rahman as-Sufi (903-986): Liber locis stellarum fixarum, 964
975:
675:
578:
445:
420:
234:
194:
187:
168:; 7 December 903 – 25 May 986) was a Persian Muslim
1198:
785:. Foundation for Science, Technology and Civilisation, UK (FSTCUK)
750:
Encyclopedia of Time: Science, Philosophy, Theology, & Culture
2495:
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2420:
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2299:
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1622:
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415:
383:
239:
225:
56:
1329:– with comprehensive bibliography and list of known manuscripts.
1129:
Orchiston, Wayne; Green, David A.; Strom, Richard, eds. (2014).
1034:
Highlighting the History of Astronomy in the Asia-Pacific Region
414:
Al-Ṣūfī compared Greek constellations and stars as described in
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2465:
857:
486:
451:
429:
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302:
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60:
Imagines coeli septentrionales cum duodecim imaginibus zodiaci
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346:
342:
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in 964, describing it as a "small cloud". This was the first
270:
85:
540:
commemorated Al-Ṣūfī's 1113th birthday on 7 December, 2016.
1362:
526:
Province, and the second was held in the summer of 2008 in
407:") in 964, and dedicated it to Adud al-Dawla, the ruler of
338:
2193:
1030:
690:
1009:
The Amateur Astronomer's Guide to the Deep-Sky Catalogs
922:"A night full of memories; the first Sufi competition"
653:
651:
649:
634:
395:
354:
175:
140:
1128:
863:
663:
646:
19:"Azophi" redirects here. For the lunar crater, see
1240:
959:"Abd al-Rahman Al-Sufi's (Azophi) 1113th Birthday"
869:
550:List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars
1081:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
881:
845:
2732:
1056:Kepple, George Robert; Sanner, Glen W. (1998).
696:
432:constellations. He included a complete set of
273:. His was the first to attempt to relate the
1348:
378:“Sign of Sagittarius” by al-Sufi in his book
1055:
555:List of scientists in medieval Islamic world
1355:
1341:
776:
228:, and worked on translating and expanding
45:
2746:Astronomers of the medieval Islamic world
1197:
1113:
1104:
640:
495:The Depiction of Celestial Constellations
454:errors within the 35 surviving copies of
1183:
657:
485:
438:longitudinal and latitudinal coordinates
373:
1364:Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world
1162:
2733:
2161:Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity
1507:Khalid ibn Abd al‐Malik al‐Marwarrudhi
1074:
980:Ikhbār al-ʿulamāʾ bi-akhbār al-ḥukamāʾ
875:
691:Hafez, Stephenson & Orchiston 2011
583:Ikhbār al-ʿulamāʾ bi-akhbār al-ḥukamāʾ
504:who was both a prince and astronomer.
2182:The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries
2120:
1374:
1336:
1265:
1238:
1005:
899:
887:
851:
827:
803:
669:
444:, and location north or south of the
2131:
1186:Journal for the History of Astronomy
947:رقابت صوفي، درآمدي بر سال جهاني نجوم
739:
614:
265:astronomy that had been centered in
1153:
770:
702:
165:
13:
1317:Ulug Beg in www.atlascoelestis.com
708:
608:
14:
2787:
1295:
864:Orchiston, Green & Strom 2014
193:wrote that al-Ṣūfī's work on the
2761:Scholars under the Buyid dynasty
2741:10th-century Iranian astronomers
1388:
924:. Nojum Magazine. Archived from
258:of the scientific Muslim world.
230:ancient Greek astronomical works
1886:Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr al‐Farisi
1375:
1304:- illustrations from copies of
1156:"Star Tales: al-Şūfī's nebulae"
969:
951:
940:
914:
893:
828:Atbaş, Zeynep (1 August 2019).
821:
804:Atbaş, Zeynep (1 August 2019).
797:
2776:Astronomical instrument makers
2375:Schema for horizontal sundials
1891:Abu Ali al-Hasan al-Marrakushi
1416:Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī
1116:"ʿAbd-al-Raḥmān b. ʿOmar Ṣūfī"
1077:"On Al Sufi's star magnitudes"
1060:. Vol. 1. Willmann-Bell.
1058:The Night Sky Observer's Guide
733:
572:
1:
900:Hafez, Ihsan (October 2010).
565:
317:Al-Ṣūfī also wrote about the
2633:Constantinople (Taqi al-Din)
312:
309:to be mentioned in writing.
288:
212:
16:Persian astronomer (903–986)
7:
2622:University of al-Qarawiyyin
1826:Ibn al-Banna' al-Marrakushi
1268:Metropolitan Museum Studies
1163:Russell, G.A., ed. (1994).
809:. Brill. pp. 161–211.
543:
520:Sufi Observing Competitions
396:
380:Ṣuwar al-kawākib al-thābita
355:
176:
141:
10:
2792:
2121:
1866:Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi
1216:10.1177/002182861304400103
1089:Royal Astronomical Society
777:Winterburn, Emily (2005).
470:Despite the importance of
367:
18:
2707:Medieval European science
2689:
2658:
2599:
2388:
2255:
2191:
2138:
2127:
2116:
2077:
2041:
1980:
1967:Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar
1919:
1818:
1747:
1724:Ibrahim ibn Said al-Sahli
1666:
1535:
1439:
1398:
1387:
1383:
1370:
839:10.1163/9789004402508_005
815:10.1163/9789004402508_005
515:are named after Al-Ṣūfī.
481:
132:
122:
108:
96:
67:
44:
37:
30:
2766:Greek–Arabic translators
1957:Nizam al-Din al-Nisapuri
1851:Muhyi al-Din al-Maghribi
1492:Ali ibn Isa al-Asturlabi
1322:Al-Sufi's constellations
1006:Cavin, Jerry D. (2011).
615:van Gent, Robert Harry.
560:
51:Al-Ṣūfī, as depicted in
38:
2059:Baha' al-din al-'Amili
2033:'Abd al-'Aziz al-Wafa'i
1911:Fakhr al-Din al-Akhlati
1831:Ibn al‐Ha'im al‐Ishbili
1306:The Book of Fixed Stars
1239:Selin, Helaine (1997).
472:The Book of Fixed Stars
456:The Book of Fixed Stars
404:The Book of Fixed Stars
370:The Book of Fixed Stars
362:The Book of Fixed Stars
201:. Al-Ṣūfī lived at the
184:The Book of Fixed Stars
149:The Book of Fixed Stars
2340:Navigational astrolabe
2095:Al Achsasi al Mouakket
1861:Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
1780:Al-Samawal al-Maghribi
1729:Ibn Mu'adh al-Jayyani
1658:Abu al-Hasan al-Ahwazi
1114:Kunitzsch, P. (1988).
1106:10.1093/mnras/45.8.417
1075:Knobel, E. B. (1885).
994:. New York: Springer.
984:History of Learned Men
833:. Brill. p. 195.
740:Bean, Adam L. (2009).
617:"Biography of al-Sūfī"
597:. New York: Springer.
587:History of Learned Men
497:
397:Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib
390:
356:Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib
295:Large Magellanic Cloud
177:Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib
158:ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ṣūfī
142:Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib
32:ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ṣūfī
2771:People from Ray, Iran
2676:Hellenistic astronomy
2647:Samarkand (Ulugh Beg)
2441:Deferent and epicycle
1841:Alam al-Din al-Hanafi
1810:Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi
1452:Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi
908:James Cook University
621:University of Utrecht
511:and the minor planet
489:
377:
368:Further information:
327:astrology, horoscopes
277:with the traditional
2666:Babylonian astronomy
2481:Gravitational energy
1856:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
1846:Najm al‐Din al‐Misri
1527:Yahya ibn Abi Mansur
1426:Mashallah ibn Athari
1411:Al-Fadl ibn Naubakht
1247:. Berlin; New York:
1121:Encyclopædia Iranica
1041:. pp. 121–138.
910:(phd). pp. 2–4.
779:"Using an Astrolabe"
476:history of astronomy
2607:Al-Azhar University
2426:Celestial mechanics
2216:Book of Fixed Stars
2175:The Book of Healing
2154:Aja'ib al-Makhluqat
1896:Ibn Ishaq al-Tunisi
1871:Zakariya al-Qazwini
1482:Al-Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf
1477:Abu Hanifa Dinawari
1208:2013JHA....44...47S
1097:1885MNRAS..45..417K
509:lunar crater Azophi
197:was carried out in
2671:Egyptian astronomy
2612:House of Knowledge
2290:Astronomical clock
2100:Muhammad al-Rudani
1497:Banū Mūsā brothers
1447:Abu Ali al-Khayyat
961:. 7 December 2016.
928:on 20 October 2009
716:"Andromeda Galaxy"
498:
393:Al-Ṣūfī published
391:
127:Islamic Golden Age
2728:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2702:Chinese astronomy
2697:Byzantine science
2571:Temporal finitism
2501:Islamic cosmology
2431:Celestial spheres
2251:
2250:
2143:Arabic star names
2112:
2111:
2108:
2107:
1972:Fathullah Shirazi
1906:Al-Ashraf Umar II
1618:Ibrahim ibn Sinan
1421:Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī
1258:978-1-4020-4960-6
1146:978-3-319-07614-0
1048:978-14419-8-161-5
1023:978-1-4614-0656-3
1000:978-1-4419-8161-5
763:978-1-4129-4164-8
603:978-1-4419-8161-5
232:, especially the
155:
154:
90:Abbasid Caliphate
2783:
2712:Indian astronomy
2681:Indian astronomy
2649:
2642:
2635:
2556:Sublunary sphere
2546:Specific gravity
2446:Earth's rotation
2335:Mural instrument
2280:Armillary sphere
2203:Alfonsine tables
2168:Tabula Rogeriana
2148:Islamic calendar
2136:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2118:
2117:
2013:Sibt al-Maridini
1998:Jamshid al-Kashi
1719:Said al-Andalusi
1522:Thābit ibn Qurra
1457:Abu Said Gorgani
1431:Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq
1385:
1384:
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576:
399:
358:
299:Andromeda Galaxy
179:
167:
166:عبدالرحمن الصوفی
144:
135:
103:
77:
75:
49:
39:عبدالرحمن الصوفي
28:
27:
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2781:
2780:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2716:
2685:
2654:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2617:House of Wisdom
2595:
2551:Spherical Earth
2384:
2315:Equatorial ring
2295:Celestial globe
2270:Analog computer
2247:
2242:Sullam al-sama'
2187:
2123:
2104:
2073:
2037:
1976:
1915:
1814:
1800:Jabir ibn Aflah
1743:
1674:Abu Nasr Mansur
1662:
1643:Abolfadl Harawi
1578:Ahmad ibn Yusuf
1531:
1435:
1406:Ahmad Nahavandi
1394:
1379:
1366:
1361:
1298:
1280:10.2307/1522800
1259:
1249:Springer Nature
1177:
1147:
1137:Springer Nature
1068:
1049:
1039:Springer Nature
1024:
1014:Springer Nature
972:
967:
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862:
858:
850:
846:
826:
822:
802:
798:
788:
786:
783:Muslim Heritage
775:
771:
764:
738:
734:
724:
722:
714:
713:
709:
701:
697:
689:
676:
668:
664:
656:
647:
639:
635:
625:
623:
613:
609:
577:
573:
568:
563:
546:
484:
426:celestial globe
372:
366:
315:
305:other than the
291:
281:star names and
215:
133:
101:
92:
79:
78:December 7, 903
73:
71:
63:
40:
33:
24:
21:Azophi (crater)
17:
12:
11:
5:
2789:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2715:
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2709:
2704:
2699:
2693:
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2687:
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2684:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2662:
2660:
2656:
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2653:
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2643:
2636:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2461:Elliptic orbit
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2436:Circular orbit
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2261:
2259:
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2252:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2222:Toledan Tables
2219:
2212:
2205:
2199:
2197:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2125:
2124:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2085:Yang Guangxian
2081:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1739:Ali ibn Khalaf
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1714:Kushyar Gilani
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1684:Ali ibn Ridwan
1681:
1676:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1648:Haseb-i Tabari
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1517:Sahl ibn Bishr
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1381:
1380:
1368:
1367:
1360:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1297:
1296:External links
1294:
1293:
1292:
1274:(2): 179–197.
1263:
1257:
1236:
1181:
1175:
1160:
1154:Ridpath, Ian.
1151:
1145:
1126:
1111:
1072:
1066:
1053:
1047:
1028:
1022:
1003:
971:
968:
965:
964:
950:
939:
913:
892:
880:
868:
856:
844:
820:
796:
769:
762:
756:. p. 59.
746:Birx, H. James
732:
707:
695:
674:
672:, p. 160.
662:
645:
633:
607:
570:
569:
567:
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562:
559:
558:
557:
552:
545:
542:
483:
480:
365:
351:
314:
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290:
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283:constellations
222:'Adud al-Dawla
214:
211:
153:
152:
136:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
110:
106:
105:
104:(aged 82)
98:
94:
93:
80:
69:
65:
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53:Albrecht Dürer
50:
42:
41:
35:
34:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2788:
2777:
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2657:
2648:
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2634:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2627:Observatories
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2581:Triangulation
2579:
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2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
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2509:
2507:
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2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2491:Heliocentrism
2489:
2487:
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2479:
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2474:
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2365:Shadow square
2363:
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2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2235:Zij-i Sultani
2232:
2230:
2229:
2228:Zij-i Ilkhani
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2119:
2115:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
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2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2003:Kadızade Rumi
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1927:Ibn al-Shatir
1925:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1901:Ibn al‐Raqqam
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
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1849:
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1834:
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1829:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1795:Ibn al-Kammad
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
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1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1709:Ibn al-Saffar
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
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1192:(1): 47–A91.
1191:
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1067:0-943396-58-1
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773:
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721:
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704:
699:
692:
687:
685:
683:
681:
679:
671:
666:
659:
658:Schaefer 2013
654:
652:
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642:
641:Kunitzsch1988
637:
622:
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611:
604:
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596:
592:
588:
584:
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556:
553:
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547:
541:
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538:Google Doodle
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256:lingua franca
253:
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137:
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128:
125:
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118:
117:mathematician
114:
111:
109:Occupation(s)
107:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
70:
66:
61:
58:
54:
48:
43:
36:
29:
26:
22:
2600:Institutions
2451:Eccentricity
2411:Astrophysics
2305:Compass rose
2240:
2233:
2226:
2214:
2207:
2192:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2018:Ibn al-Majdi
1993:Abd al‐Wajid
1952:Al-Wabkanawi
1947:Abū al‐ʿUqūl
1836:Jamal ad-Din
1805:Omar Khayyam
1633:Al-ʻIjliyyah
1608:Aṣ-Ṣaidanānī
1593:Ibn al-A'lam
1542:
1512:Al-Khwarizmi
1305:
1271:
1267:
1242:
1189:
1185:
1165:
1131:
1119:
1084:
1080:
1057:
1033:
1008:
991:
987:
983:
979:
970:Bibliography
953:
942:
930:. Retrieved
926:the original
916:
907:
902:
895:
883:
871:
859:
847:
829:
823:
805:
799:
787:. Retrieved
782:
772:
749:
742:"Astrolabes"
735:
723:. Retrieved
719:
710:
698:
665:
636:
624:. Retrieved
610:
594:
590:
586:
582:
574:
536:
517:
513:12621 Alsufi
506:
499:
494:
471:
469:
463:
461:
455:
450:
419:
413:
402:
394:
392:
379:
361:
353:
316:
292:
260:
233:
216:
183:
173:
157:
156:
148:
138:
134:Notable work
59:
25:
2586:Tusi couple
2576:Trepidation
2541:Salah times
2476:Geocentrism
2350:Planisphere
2330:Graph paper
2257:Instruments
2209:Huihui Lifa
2090:Ehmedê Xanî
2049:Al-Birjandi
2028:al-Kubunani
1785:Abu al-Salt
1734:Al-Isfizari
1694:Ibn al-Samh
1573:Abu al-Wafa
1558:al-Khojandi
1462:Al-Farghani
1377:Astronomers
1091:: 417–425.
876:Knobel 1885
491:Sagittarius
434:star charts
339:timekeeping
263:Hellenistic
172:. His work
102:(986-05-25)
100:May 25, 986
2756:986 deaths
2751:903 births
2735:Categories
2690:Influenced
2659:Influences
2531:Precession
2511:Multiverse
2416:Axial tilt
2396:Almucantar
2380:Triquetrum
2320:Equatorium
2069:Takiyüddin
1942:al-Battiwi
1937:Ibn Shuayb
1932:Al-Khalili
1775:Al-Khazini
1770:Al-Kharaqī
1765:Ibn Tufail
1755:Al-Bitruji
1689:Al-Zarqālī
1653:al-Majriti
1603:Al-Saghani
1598:Al-Nayrizi
1583:al-Battani
1502:Iranshahri
1487:Al-Marwazi
1391:by century
1176:9004098887
888:Upton 1933
852:Cavin 2011
789:22 January
725:13 January
670:Selin 1997
626:11 January
566:References
389:, 1131 CE.
331:navigation
267:Alexandria
244:brightness
170:astronomer
113:Astronomer
2566:Supernova
2521:Obliquity
2506:Moonlight
2406:Astrology
2285:Astrolabe
2064:Piri Reis
2054:al-Khafri
2023:al-Wafa'i
2008:Ulugh Beg
1988:Ali Kuşçu
1962:al-Jadiri
1881:al-Abhari
1679:al-Biruni
1613:Ibn Yunus
1588:Al-Qabisi
1563:al-Khazin
1472:Al-Mahani
1232:119202231
1224:0021-8286
1199:1303.1833
932:7 January
720:Britannia
530:near the
502:Ulugh Beg
442:magnitude
335:surveying
323:astronomy
319:astrolabe
313:Astrolabe
307:Milky Way
289:Astronomy
248:magnitude
213:Biography
205:court in
191:Al-Biruni
74:903-12-07
2640:Maragheh
2591:Universe
2561:Sunlight
2526:Parallax
2516:Muwaqqit
2456:Ecliptic
2389:Concepts
2355:Quadrant
2275:Aperture
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